FOUNDATION

SHALLOW

FOUNDATION SYSTEM DEEP FOUNDATION SYSTEM

Raft foundation Strip foundation Pad foundation

to support an individual point load. Shape : Square or Rectangular consist of a block or slab of uniform thickness The load from heavy column will may be stepped or hunched the foundation . deep pad foundations can also be used.

spread the load -a structure over a large area -entire area of the structure foundations would interact when:- column loads or other structural loads are close together

consists of a concrete slab

extends over the entire loaded area the advantage - reducing differential settlements as the concrete slab resists differential movements between loading positions can spread the loads over a larger area

 used

to support a line of loads - load-bearing wall - line of columns If column positions are so close that individual pad foundations would be inappropriate

Deep foundations are those founding too deeply below the finished ground surface for their base bearing capacity to be affected by surface conditions.

It is a foundation system that transfers loads to a deeper and competent soil layer

 Friction

Pile End Bearing Piles Settlement reducing piles Piles in fill

Friction Pile

-terminate in hard, relatively impenetrable material such as rock or very dense sand and gravel

-carrying capacity from the resistance of the stratum at the toe of the pile

End Bearing Piles

carrying capacity by skin friction or adhesion Also carrying capacity is derived partly from end bearing and partly from skin friction between the embedded surface of the soil and the surrounding soil.

incorporated beneath the central part of a raft foundation in order to reduce differential settlement to an ac ceptable level

pass through layers of moderately- to poorlycompacted fill will be affected by negative skin friction

produces a downward drag along the pile shaft

fill consolidates under its own weight.