Network

Theorems

Contents
Chapter One .................................................................................................................................................. 3
Thevenins theorem .................................................................................................................................. 3
How to Thevenize a circuit........................................................................................................................ 3
Nortons theorem ..................................................................................................................................... 4
How to Nortonize a circuit ........................................................................................................................ 4
Norton to Thevenin Conversion................................................................................................................ 4
Chapter Two .................................................................................................................................................. 5
Worked Examples ..................................................................................................................................... 5
Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................................... 8
Tutorial Examples...................................................................................................................................... 8
Chapter Four ................................................................................................................................................. 9
Past papers................................................................................................................................................ 9
Chapter Five ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Summary ................................................................................................................................................. 22

Chapter One
Thevenins theorem
The current flowing through a load impedance ZL connected across any terminal A and B of a network is
given by VOC/(ZI+ZL) note where ZI is the thevenin impedance.

How to Thevenize a circuit

Remove the impedance where Thevenins equivalent is required

Find the open circuit voltage VOC, this is called VTH
Find the effective impedance of the network looking through the opened terminals
Replace voltage sources by a short circuit and their internal resistance
Replace current sources by an open circuit
Replace the entire network by its Thevenin equivalent
Calculate the current in the load

IL=VTH/(RTH+RL)

Nortons theorem
Any two terminal network containing voltages sources and resistances , when vied from its output
terminal is equivalent to a constant current source and a parallel impedance

How to Nortonize a circuit

Remove the impedance where the Norton equivalent is required

Calculate the short circuit current
Find the effective impedance of the network looking through the opened terminals
Replace voltage sources by a short circuit and their internal resistance
Replace current sources by an open circuit
Replace the entire circuit with its Norton equivalent

Note the Norton impedance is equal to the Thevenin impedance

Norton to Thevenin Conversion

ISC=E/Z
E=ISCZ

Chapter Two
Worked Examples
Example 2.1
Determine, for the network shown in Figure 2.2 the value of current I. Each of the voltage sources has a
frequency of 2 kHz.

Solution

Example2.3
Use Nortons theorem to determine the value of current I in the circuit shown in Figure 2.3

Solution

Chapter Three
Tutorial Examples
Example 2.1
a.Convert the circuit shown in Figure 3.1a to an equivalent Norton network.
b. Convert the network shown in Figure 3.1b to an equivalent Thevenin circuit.

Solution

Chapter Four
Past papers
Q.1

Solution

Q.2

Solution

Q.3

Solution

Q.4

Solution

Q.5

Solution

Q.6

Solution

Chapter Five
Summary
Take note of the Thevenin circuit and the Norton

For series current sources convert them to equivalent Thevenin circuit and add the voltages

For parallel voltages convert them to their equivalent Norton circuits and sum the current and
get the parallel impedance