Qualitative Analysis of Anions The anions are separated into three groups based on their reaction with dilute

H2SO4 and concentrated H2SO4. 1) Dilute H2SO4 group : Carbonate ( CO32-) , sulphite ( SO32-) , sulphide ( S2-) , nitrite ( NO3-) Experiment : Salt mixture + dilute H2SO4 Observation 1.Colourless gas with brisk effervescence

Radicals CO3-

Confirmatory Test Gas turns limewater milky but has no action on acidified K2Cr2O7 solution Gas turns limewater milky and turns acidified K2Cr2O7 solution from orange to green. Turns lead acetate paper black Turns starch iodide paper blue black

2.Colourless gas with the smell of burning sulphur 3.Colourless gas with smell of rotten eggs 4.Light brown fumes evolves having a pungent odour.

SO3-

S2NO2-

2) Concentrated H2SO4 group : Chloride ( Cl- ) , Bromide ( Br- ) , Iodide ( I- ) , Nitrate ( NO3- ) Acetate ( CH3COO-) Experiment : Salt mixture + conc H2SO4 Confirmatory tests for radicals of this group are done with soda extract . Preparation of soda extract : Take a little amount of salt mixture + Na2CO3 (solid ) in the ratio 1:3 and add distilled water . Boil and filter . The filtrate is called the soda extract . Observation 1.Greenish yellow gas with pungent odour that increases on addition of MnO2 Radicals ClConfirmatory Test Dense white fumes with glass rod dipped in liquid ammonia. Soda extract + neutralize with dil HNO3 + AgNO3 solution A white ppt is formed soluble in excess NH4OH Soda extract + neutralize with dil HNO3 + AgNO3 solution A yellow ppt is formed sparingly soluble in excess NH4OH Soda extract + neutralize with dil HNO3 + AgNO3 solution A yellow ppt is formed insoluble in excess NH4OH Soda extract + neutralize with any dilute acid other than dil HNO3 + freshly prepared FeSO4 solution + conc. H2SO4 in drops. A brown ring formed at the junction of two liquids. Soda extract + neutralize with dil HNO3 + neutral FeCl3 solution. A wine red coloration is obtained

2.Reddish brown gas with pungent odour that increases on addition of MnO2

Br-

3.Violet vapours condenses in cooler parts of the test tube.

I-

4.Reddish brown fumes evolves having a pungent odour that increases on addition of copper turnings

NO3-

5.Colourless gas having the smell of vinegar

CH3COO-

Special group test for sulphates ( SO42-) : Soda extract + neutralize with dilute HCl + BaCl2 solution

A white ppt is obtained which in insoluble in mineral acids .