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General Information
This training notebook was developed by Technical Training Group / Jim Phillips, P.E., Canton, Ohio. Technical Training Group, has attempted to ensure that the information contained in this notebook is as accurate as possible. Information contained in this notebook is subject to change without notice and Technical Training Group / Jim Phillips, P.E., assumes no responsibility for any damages resulting from use of the information contained within. The information contained in this training notebook is protected under United States Copyright laws and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without written consent by Technical Training Group. Where trademarks or trade names are referenced or where data is used that is derived from published standards and manufacturers technical information, they will be listed in the appendix in the back of this manual. The class participant, by accepting this manual, agrees to the conditions listed on this page.
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Register at:
Visit:
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HOW TO STREAMLINE AND AUTOMATE ELECTRIC POWER DESIGN - I Learn how to develop design tables to more easily and quickly design electrical power systems. Day 1 covers conductor / protection tables and motor circuit sizing tables. This course is based on the NEC and power system design concepts. HOW TO STREAMLINE AND AUTOMATE ELECTRIC POWER DESIGN - II Day 2 covers developing transformer tables, grounding, interfacing with the utility. Jim has developed design worksheets to aid in quick calculations and fewer errors. This class also has a demonstration of commercially available software to automate the design process.
POWER FACTOR AND HARMONIC ANALYSIS How do you manage harmonics? Learn how to analyze harmonics, perform resonance calculations, understand IEEE 519, perform THD calculations and design harmonic filters. In addition, learn what to do about neutral harmonics which often require oversized neutrals and K rated transformers. Understand the interaction between harmonics and power factor correction capacitors. POWER SYSTEM ENGINEERING COURSE 4 DAYS This course has become the industry standard that defines the Crash Course in electrical power systems. People from all over the world have attended this course at Jims public sessions. The class is a combination of his five most popular courses rolled into a 4 day program. The five courses include: Design of Electric Power Systems I and II, Short Circuit Analysis, Protective Device Coordination Analysis and Harmonic Analysis. PROTECTIVE DEVICE COORDINATION ANALYSIS This course is designed to show you how to use time current curves and perform coordination studies with breakers, relays and fuses. The program provides an explanation of how to maximize reliability by developing a properly coordinated power distribution system. PROTECTIVE RELAYING - I It has been said that protective relay coordination is more of an art than science. This class introduces you to overcurrent relays, relay coordination, current transformer burden and saturation. Many relay examples are included. PROTECTIVE RELAYING - II A continuation of the basic class, this class shows how other relays operate and are set such as differential, synch check and reverse power relays. Various relay schemes for equipment protection are also covered. SHORT CIRCUIT ANALYSIS Learn how to perform short circuit calculations and equipment adequacy evaluations. Understand the importance of X/R ratios, symmetrical vs. asymmetrical faults and how series ratings work. Many calculation examples are used to illustrate how to perform an analysis. The methods are based on the IEEE Buff and Red books. This class can be paired with the Protective Device Coordination Class for 2 days of training. CUSTOM CLASSES Custom classes are also available. Pick and choose from any of the classes and Jim will put them together for a program designed to suit your specific needs. TO RECEIVE A PROPOSAL To receive a proposal to have Jim train at your location, contact Brenda at: 800.874.8883 or e-mail her at: brenda@brainfiller.com
MEDIUM VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEMS - I The backbone of many electric power systems is the medium voltage distribution system. Typically operating at voltages ranging from 2,400 to 34,500 Volts, voltage stress, corona, surges and protection of equipment all create unique challenges in design, equipment selection, operation and engineering. Day 1 covers topics such as medium voltage cable, partial discharge, surge protection and substation transformers. MEDIUM VOLTAGE POWER SYSTEMS - II Day 2 focuses on protection of medium voltage power systems. The course includes the application of reclosers, medium voltage fuses, and relays for the protection of distribution feeders, rotating machinery and transformer thru fault protection. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE - 2 DAYS This 2 Day class covers the major articles found in the NEC. Learn not only what the articles say, but also why and how to correctly use the articles in the design and installation of electric power systems. POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT - I You will gain insight into the operation, selection and application of motors and variable frequency drives. You will also learn about transformer design, application and protection as well as transformer vault requirements. POWER DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT - II The class includes the application and selection of circuit breakers, panelboards, switchboards, fuses, and relays. In addition, low & medium voltage switchgear and an introduction to short circuit and coordination studies is included. MOTOR DESIGN, APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS - I Learn how to design motor circuits as well as the fundamentals of motor design, variable frequency drive operation, analysis and motor starting techniques MOTOR DESIGN, APPLICATION AND ANALYSIS - II Modeling and analysis of motors and motor operation is the focus of this class. See how to model starting conditions, harmonics from drives, and the effect of source strength on voltage flicker and harmonics created by motor applications.
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Introduction
Arc Flash, Incident Energy, Arc Blast, UV Light, Burn Injury Category
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Thermal Radiation
Impact depends on clothing, area exposed, use PPE!
Pressure Wave
Force from blast. Research 25kA @ 2 ft = 480 pounds Some force > 2000 pounds
Projectiles/Debris
Molten metal, debris, gasses
Blinding UV Light
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1.2 calories per square centimeter is the threshold of a second degree burn. Arc Flash protection is to limit the injury to no more than the just curable 2nd degree burn. You can still be burned by abiding by the rules!!!
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Is OSHA Enforceable? How is it enforced? What does OSHA say about electrical safety
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OSHA 1910.335
(a)(1)(i) Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed. How do you select appropriate PPE?
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OSHA 1910.335
(a)(1)(i) Employees working in areas where there are potential electrical hazards shall be provided with, and shall use, electrical protective equipment that is appropriate for the specific parts of the body to be protected and for the work to be performed. How do you select appropriate PPE?
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How Do all of The Various Standards Fit the Arc Flash Puzzle?
NFPA 70
OSHA
ASTM
NESC
IEEE-1584
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NFPA 70E
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FPN No. 1 refers to NFPA 70E for assistance in determining the severity of exposure
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Racking a Breaker
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Operating a Switch
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600 Volt Class Switchgear (with power circuit breakers or fused switches) (4)
Racking of C/Bs with doors open Racking of C/B/s with doors closed Work on energized parts including voltage testing V rated tools and gloves are rated and tested to the maximum line-line voltage upon which work will be done. Category 2*) Double layer switching hood and hearing protection is required in addition to standard Category 2 requirements Note 2) 65 kA, 0.03 seconds (2 Cycles) Note 3) 42 kA, 0.33 seconds (20 Cycles) Note 4) 35 kA up to 0.5 seconds (30 Cycles) 3 2 2* N N Y N N Y
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Description
Non Melting, 4.5 oz./yd2 Untreated cotton FR shirt and FR pants or FR coveralls FR shirt and FR pants or FR coveralls FR shirt and FR pants or FR coveralls and arc flash suite selected so the system arc rating meets the required minimum FR shirt and FR pants or FR coveralls and arc flash suite selected so the system arc rating meets the required minimum
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4
25 calories / cm2
3
8 calories / cm2
2 1
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4 calories / cm2 1.2 calories / cm2
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Copyright Oberon
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Copyright Oberon
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Based on 15 inch working distance Arc in air not box line-ground faults Gap Distances used: 1 to 15 kV = 2 15.1 to 25 kV = 4 25.1 to 36 kV = 6
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Incident energy is not as concentrated as an arc in a box Incident energy is calculated in cal/cm2 or joules/cm2
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Arc in a Box
Energy, pressure, debris etc are focused in one direction toward worker
#%&@!!
Cubic Box 20 inches on each side and open on one end t2g
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Circuit Breaker
Circuit Breaker
Line-Ground 3 Phase
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Higher short circuit current could cause the relay to operate instantaneously. The instantaneous setting is very important. Perhaps temporarily lower the instantaneous during live work.
10 TIME IN SECONDS
0.10
0.01
0.5
10
10 0
100 0
1K 0K
10K 0K
RELAY.tcc SCALE X 10 AT 23,000 VOLTS Ref. Voltage: 23000 Current Scale x10^0 EQUIP1.drw
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Calculated flash hazard boundary Incident energy in cal/cm2 at working distance Class of PPE based on incident energy or tables
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410.A.3 Compliance
Use NESC Tables or IEEE model IEEE model is empirically derived up through 15 kV Theoretical above 15 kV IEEE only addresses the three phase model which is reasonable for many distribution circuits Physics based model for single phase case
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Based on 15 inch working distance Arc in air not box line-ground faults Gap Distances used: 1 to 15 kV = 2 15.1 to 25 kV = 4 25.1 to 36 kV = 6
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Extreme Danger!
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Example of a fire resistant shirt (5 - 6 cal/sq. cm) and gloves worn by a person who was burned in a secondary fault while hooking up some 120/208V. leads to a pad mounted transformer. He came out of it with just some 2nd degree burns on his arm.
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Use breakers and relays with instantaneous instead of short time only Use current limiting devices Perform arc flash study to review device settings Have transformer secondary breakers to protect main bus (except line side C/B lugs)
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GET MOVING
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FREE Resources
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Articles
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The How To guide for conducting an arc flash study in 12 steps. Have Questions? www.ArcFlashForum.com t2g
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On-Site Training
Have Jim at your location with any of his 26 training programs Contact: brenda@brainfiller.com
Electrical Design Power System Analysis National Electrical Code Protective Relaying Arc Flash Studies Electrical Safety Symmetrical Components t2g .Much More!
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Download your FREE arc flash calculation guide containing worksheets for arcing short circuit current, incident energy, and flash protection boundary calculations. The guide contains solved examples.
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Jims training programs are also available on DVD. Earn CEU credit on your schedule with his DVD programs at www.brainfiller.com
For over 25 years, Jim has conducted over 1700 live seminars for tens of thousands of people from the United States and around the globe. A highly sought after speaker in the subjects of electric power system design and analysis, he is a member of the IEEE 1584 working group IEEE Guide for Performing Arc Flash Hazard Calculations and was a regular contributor for NEC Digest. He is nationally known for his power system analysis background and ability to analyze complex problems. Jim consistently receives excellent reviews for his "unique" teaching style and ability to answer the tough questions in an easy to understand manner. Early in his career he worked for Ohio Edison Company and was a Project Engineer for Square D Company's Power System Analysis Group. He is also the founder of Phillips Engineers + Consultants, Inc. He has taught classes at the college level and is a Senior Member of IEEE where he has been a distinguished lecturer, past member of the Energy Policy Committee, Illumination Engineering Society, NFPA, and many other organizations. He has also written for Consulting-Specifying Engineer Magazine and holds a BSEE from The Ohio State University. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in many states.
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