Ingles Básico

INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE COOPERACIÓN EDUCATIVA
GUÍA DE ESTUDIO
TWO ONE
NIVEL: FORMACIÓN BASICA
VENEZUELA, 2003
INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE COOPERACIÓN EDUCATIVA
INCE DISTRITO FEDERAL A.C.
GERENCIA DE FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL
UNIDAD DE APOYO TECNICO
GUÍA DE ESTUDIO
TWO
ONE
NIVEL : FORMACIÓN BÁSICA

MODO: FORMACIÓN
Caracas, julio 2003

Créditos
Especialista en Contenido:
Elaborado por:
Instructores de Formación:
Prof. Javier Quiroz Centro Poliv. Nva Granada
Prof. Niria Bolwine Centro Poliv. Nva Granada
Prof. Junior León Centro Poliv. Nva Granada
Prof. Joyce Gutiérrez Centro Poliv. Nva Granada
Prof. Pastora Sivira C.F.C Dr. Luis. B.Prieto F.
Prof. Maristania Mora C.F.C Dr. Luis. B.Prieto F.
Validadores:
Prof. Juan Luces C.F.C. Del Norte
Prof. Marlene Infante C.F.C. Dr. Luis. B.Prieto F.
Colaboradores:
Inst. Gaudys Jiménez
Diagramación
Laura Díaz
Coordinación General
Gerencia General de Formación Profesional
Gerencia de Tecnología Educativa
División de Recursos para el Aprendizaje (Sede)
1da . Edición 2003
Copyright INCE 2003
CONTENIDO
Introducción
Unidad 1: Socializándose ( Saludos, Presentaciones y Despedidas) 05
Unidad 2: Elementos Básicos de la Oración ( Verbo to Be en Presente) 07
Unidad 3: Elementos Básicos de la Oración ( Verbo Auxiliar to Do en Presente 19
Simple)
Unidad 4: Describir Personas, Animales, Lugares y Cosas 29
Unidad 5: Estructuras Gramaticales Relacionadas con el Tiempo Pasado y Futuro 37
Unidad 6: Estructuras Gramaticales que Expresan Posesión o Pertenencia 49
Unidad 7: Direcciones y Ubicaciones 59
Unidad 8: Acciones que Están o Estuvieron Realizando en Tiempo Progresivo ( to 65
Be+ ing)
Unidad 9: Estructuras de Existencia y Cantidad 77
Unidad 10: Hechos y Acciones que Realizaron ( Verbo Auxiliar DID) 85
INTRODUCCIÓN
Las tendencias actuales en esta era moderna globalizada, y el avance

tecnológico, científico y cultural atienden a la necesidad de aprender el idioma
inglés como medio comunicacional internacional, considerando que la
información que se maneja en la actualidad se expresa en este idioma. De esta
manera el desempeño laboral y el desarrollo será más acordes y eficientes de
acuerdo con las exigencias hoy en día.
La presente Guía de estudio responde íntegramente a las orientaciones

dadas en el Programa: Inglés Básico. Se orienta a desarrollar las cuatro
habilidades del lenguaje (comprensión oral, comprensión escrita, expresión oral
y expresión escrita) dentro de los requerimientos exigidos.
Esta Guía de Estudio tiene como propósito fundamental, proporcionar una

serie de conocimientos básicos en el área, a personas que requieren el empleo
de este idioma en el ámbito profesional o personal.
SOCIALIZANDOSE ( SALUDOS, PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS
HOW TO GREET AND INTRODUCE PEOPLE / HOW TO SAY

GOODBYE
Good afternoon! Hello!

Good evening! Hi!
Good night! How are you?
How do you do? How are you getting along?
How do you feel? How´s everything!
What´s up, buddy?
POSSIBLE ANSWERS (GREETING BACK)
I´m fine, thanks! Pretty good

I´m O.K UNIDAD Nº 1
So-so
SOCIALIZÁNDOSE
Very well (SALUDOS, PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS)
Not so good
Not too bad
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
EXPRESAR EN FORMA VERBAL Y ESCRITA, SALUDOS,

PRESENTACIONES Y DESPEDIDAS EN EL IDIOMA INGLÉS EN
SITUACIONES DE LA VIDA DIARIA.
INTRODUCING ONESELF AND OTHERS
Hello!, I´m ……./My name is………

Nice to meet you/Glad to meet you
This is my friend Luis./ He is Luis
He /She is Mr.- Miss…..
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SAYING GOOD BYE
Good bye! Bye-bye!
So long See you soon
Hope to see you again See you later / tomorrow / next week, etc,,,
Have a nice day / week-end / time / trip
GRAMMAR NOTE: Personal Pronouns and Verb TO BE – (simple present)
I am
You are
He / She / It is
We / You / They are
EXERCISES:
A. COMPLETE THIS DIALOGUE.
Tom : Hi!, How ______ you today ?

Mary: ________! I´m _________ thanks. He is Peter.
Tom: How ______you do? Peter.
Peter: Glad to _________you Tom.
Tom: ________to meet you, too.
Mary: Let´s go. See you_____________.
Tom: So ____________.
Peter: _______ bye.
B. PRACTICE THESE GREETINGS SITUATIONS.
1) You meet your best friend in the street at 3:00 p.m.

2) You meet your English teacher at the Airport.
C. WORD ORDER -PUT THESE SENTENCES IN THE CORRECT ORDER
1) To/ nice / you / meet________________________________________

2) Have / day / a / good _______________________________________
3) Getting / how / you / along / are /? ______________________________
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4) Well / I / am / very __________________________________________
D. LISTEN TO THIS CONVERSATION AND PRACTICE..THE TEACHER

NEEDS TO PLAY A TAPE WITH A CONVERSATION ADAPTED TO THE
GRAMMAR PART SEEN IN THIS UNIT.
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UNIDAD Nº 2
ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN ( VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE
SIMPLE)
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
CONSTRUIR ORACIONES SIMPLES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL Y

ESCRITA, CON CADA UNO DE SUS ELEMENTOS, UTILIZANDO EL
VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLE
ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN
THE ALPHABET:
A (ei) B (bi) C (si) D (di) E (ii) F (ef) G (yi) H (eich) I (ai) J (yei) K
(kei) L (el) M (em) N (en) O (ou) P (pi) Q (kiu) R (ar) S (es) T (ti)
U (iu) V (vi) W (dabliú) X (eks) Y (uai) Z (zi)
EXERCISES:
I. Spell your own name and some of your friends’ names.

II. Spell some of the objects in the classroom.
GRAMMAR NOTE:
Subject + verb to be + complement.
(present tense)
I am an English teacher.
He is at the University.
She is At the beach.
It is a dog.
We are With you.
You are a good dancer.
They are Good neighbors.
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- AFFIRMATIVE FORM
- He is the History teacher.

- We are in the kitchen.
- I am at the garden.
2.- INTERROGATIVE FORM
- Is he the History teacher?

- Are we in the kitchen?
- Am I in the garden?
3.- NEGATIVE FORM.
- He is not the History teacher.

- We are not in the kitchen.
- I am not in the garden.
4.- CONTRACTIONS (AFFIRMATIVE).
- He’s the History teacher.

- We’re in the kitchen.
- I’m in the garden.
5.- CONTRACTIONS (NEGATIVE).
- He isn’t the History teacher.

- We aren’t in the kitchen.
- I’m not in the garden.
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EXERCISES:
A.- INSERT AM, IS OR ARE IN THESE SENTENCES.
1) I ________ Peter and this ________ Janet.

2) _________ you Kate?
No, I _______ not. I _______ Elaine.
3) _________ that the new teacher?
Yes, her name _______ Carol.
4) ______ you the secretary?
Yes, I ________.
5) ________ your name Joyce Smith?
Yes, it __________.
6) No, it _______. It _______ Sandra.
7) ________ Susan at home?

Yes she ________. She _______ at home.
8) _______ Peter the new pupil?
Yes, he _________.
B.- CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO INTERROGATIVE AND

NEGATIVE FORM.
Example: Mr. Rojas is the principal of the school.

Is Mr. Rojas the principal of the school?
Mr. Rojas is not the principal of the school.
a) Mary is my friend.
__________________________________________________
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__________________________________________________
b) Carlos is Mary’s classmate.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
c) Mrs. Clark is the English teacher.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
d) I am at home now.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
e) The students are in the classroom.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
GRAMMAR NOTE: Possessive Adjectives.
My I
Your You
His He
Her She
Its It
Our We
Your You
Their They
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Examples:
a) I am an English teacher.
My name’s Claudia.
b) He is a good baseball player.

His name’s Galarraga.
c) We live in a beautiful house.

Our house is beautiful.
EXERCISES:
A) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES:

MY, YOUR, HIS OR HER.
1.- Hello, he’s the Biology teacher. ________ name is Robert Brown.
2.- Hello, I’m your classmate. _________ name is Sara.
3.- Miss Carlota is a secretary. ________ name is Edith.
4.- Hello, are you a new teacher? What’s ________ name?.
5.- This is Mr. Rojas, the principal. ________ name is Mario.
6.- Do you know Robert’s mother? What’s _______ name?
GRAMMAR NOTE:
Indefinite Articles: use a + singular noun before a consonant sound.

use an + singular noun before a vowel sound.
He is a carpenter He is an architect.
He is a good carpenter He is an expensive architect.
Do not use a or an + plural nouns:
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They are carpenters. They are expensive carpenters.
EXERCISES:
a.- Classroom objects:
1) This is _____ book.

2) This is _____ eraser.
3) This is ______ English book.
4) This is ______ dictionary.
5) This is ______ notebook.
Definite Article.
The + singular noun. (NO GENDER)

The + plural. (NO GENDER)
The book / The books.

The teacher ( a woman or a man ).
The teachers ( women or men ).
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE IS USED BEFORE SEAS, RIVERS, HOTELS,

MUSEUMS ,ETC. IF there is only one: the sun, the Queen.
Prepositions: in / on / at ( of place ).
A.- In
Where’s the eraser? In the school bag.
Where’s the teacher? In class.
Where are the students? In the classroom.
B.- On
Where’s my watch? On the chair.
Where are the pictures? On the wall.
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Where are their keys? On the floor.
C.- At
Where’s Marcos? At the door.
Where’s the car? At the traffic lights.
Where’s your teacher? At her desk.
Demonstrative Pronouns: This / It ( Singular) These / They ( Plural ).

That / Those
Note: This/These: you use them when the object(s) is/are near.
That/Those: you use them when the object(s) is/are far.
Plural nouns: Most words ending in ss, sh, ch, x.
Most words Words Ending Words Ending in Word Ending In
in -ss f / fe consonant + y
Cap – caps Glass - glasses knife - knives country - countries
shoe - shoes watch - watches wolf - wolves
This is a camera.
These are cameras.
What’s this? This is a knife / It is a knife.
What are these? These are knives / They are knives.
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EXERCISES:
A.- OBJECTS.
1) FIND THE THINGS IN THE PICTURE. WRITE WORDS.
1.- calculator.
2.- _____________________
3.- _____________________
4.- _____________________
5.- _____________________
2) WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT THE THINGS IN PART A,,,.
1.- This is a calculator.
2.- ___________________
3.- ___________________
4.- ___________________
5.- ___________________
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B.- COMPLETE THIS CONVERSATION. USE WORDS IN THE BOX.
a are it’s these you

an is this they you’re
Megan: Wow! What’s this?
Louis: It’s a pager.
Megan : Oh, cool. Thank _________, Louis.
Louis: _____________ welcome. Now open ________ box.
Megan: OK. What ________ this?
Louis: It’s _________ watch.
Megan: Oh, thank you, Louis. And What are ______________?
Louis: __________ are sunglasses.
Megan: Thanks! They ___________ great!
Louis: Open this too!
Megan: Oh, it’s __________ umbrella.
3.- COMPLETE THESE CONVERSATIONS. USE SHORT ANSWERS FROM

THE LIST.
Yes, I am Yes, it is Yes, they are
No, I’m not No, it’s not No, they’re not
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1) A: Excuse me. Is this the math class?

B: Yes, it is. And I’m your teacher.
2) A: Is my purse on the chair?

B: ______________. It’s under the table.
3) A: Are these your glasses?

B: ______________. Thank you.
4) A: Hi. Are you in my Math class?

B: ______________. And I’m in your English class too!
5) A: Are these your keys?

B: _______________. My keys are in my pocket.
6) A: Excuse me: Are you Tomiko Soto?

B: _____________. My name is Michiko Tahaka.
4.- Put the article the if necessary.

a) What is name of this street?
b) Our apartment is on second floor.
c) What are you doing next week?
d) Would you like to go to moon?
5.- WRITE THE PLURALS OF NEXT THE WORDS: WIFE / WATCH / COOKIE
/ WORD / DISH.
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UNIDAD Nº 3
ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN ( VERBO AUXILIAR TO DO EN
PRESENTE SIMPLE)
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
EXPRESAR EN INGLÉS ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS, AFIRMATIVAS Y

NEGATIVAS EN FORMAS ORAL Y ESCRITA, EN TIEMPO PRESENTE
SIMPLE, UTILIZANDO VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES
ELEMENTOS BÁSICOS DE LA ORACIÓN (VERBO AUXILIAR DO, PRESENTE)
I
You He
DO We DOES She
They It (Thing /animal)
GRAMMAR NOTE: To form interrogative sentences in present simple we have to

use the Auxiliary Do for the pronouns mentioned above.
This auxiliary has these functions:
a) To form interrogative sentences.

b) It is used in short affirmative answers.
c) It is used in short and long negative answers.
Example:
a) I go to school everyday. Do I go to school everyday?
We read the lessons in class. Do we read the lessons in class?
You work very hard. Do you work very hard?
They get up early in the morning. Do they get up early in the morning?
AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT
Do I/You/ We/They Go to school everyday?
Example:
b) Do you work very hard?
- Yes, I do.
- Yes, I work very hard.
Do they play tennis? - Yes, They do.
- Yes, They play tennis.
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AFFIRMATIVE
YES SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT
Yes, I drink coffee for breakfast
YES SUBJECT AUX
Yes I do
Note: The auxiliary do is omitted in long affirmative answers.
Example c) Do we read lessons in class? No, we don’t.

No, we don’t read lessons in class.
Do I write some notes? No, I don’t.

No, I don’t write some note.
NEGATIVE
NO SUBJECT NEGATIVE COMPLEMENT VERB

No I/You/We/They Do not/ Don’t Write some notes
NO SUBJECT AUXILIARY
No I/You/We/They Don’t
Do not = don’t Does not = doesn’t
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EXERCISES:
A. Change to Interrogative Form.
1. I go to the library at 7 o’clock.
2. We write sentences on the board.
3. They travel to Europe every year.

_______________________________________
4. You know Peter.
________________________________________
B. Answer these questions in: a) affirmative b) negative.
1. Do you play ping-pong?

a)_______________________________________
b)____________________________________
___
2. Do teachers begin classes on time?

a)_______________________________
b)____________________________
___
3. Do we read the newspaper on Sundays?

a)_____________________________
b)_________________________
____
4. Do I watch T.V. everyday?

a)______________________________________
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b)___________________________________
___
C. Complete with “do” or “don’t”.
1. _________ you like to dance?

2. These men ___________ play football.
3. ___________the boys repeat the exercises?
4. We_______________live in Margarita.
5. My family ____________eat meat.
DOES / DOESN´T
Grammar note : To form interrogative sentences in present simple we have to

use Does with the pronouns He/She/It.
This auxiliary has these functions:
a) To form interrogative sentences.

b) It is used in short affirmative answers.
c) It is used in short/long negative.
ANSWERS
Example a) He comes to school by bus - Does he come by bus?
She cleans the room. - Does she clean the room?

The dog plays with the ball. - Does it play with the ball?
It rains very hard. - Does it rain very hard?
AUXILIARY SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT. ?
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Does He/She come to school by bus ?
Example b) Does she clean the room? Yes, She does.
Yes, she cleans the room.
YES SUBJECT AUXILIARY

Yes He/She does
YES SUBJECT VERB COMPLEMENT
Yes It rains very hard
Note: In a long affirmative answer the auxiliary is omitted, but we add `` s ´´,
or ´és´´ according to the verb.
EXCEPTIONS:
1. When the verb ends in: o, s, sh, x, z - add “es” Example go – goes do-
does.
2. When the verb ends in y preceded by a vowel, the y doesn’t change only
add “s”.
Example: play – plays pay- pays.
3. When the verb ends in y , preceded by a consonant the y changes to “i”

and add “es” Ejemplo: study - studies - cry - cries
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Example b) Does it play with the ball?

- No, it doesn’t.
- No, it doesn’t play with the ball.
NO SUBJEC AUXILIARY VERB COMPLEMENT
No the dog (It) doesn’t play with the ball
NOTE: Remember that the ´´ s´´, ´és´´ and ´íes´´ is only added in long
affirmative answers; NOT in negative form.
EXERCISES:
A) Change to interrogative form:

l) She Rests in the morning.
2) She reads good novels.
3) He travels by plane.
4) The cat drinks milk.
B) Answer these questions in a) affirmative b) negative
Does your mother cook pizza?

a)_______________________________________
b)_________________________________
_______
Does the teacher carry a bag?

a)________________________________________
b)________________________________
_______
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Does your mother put a lot of salt in your soup?
a)__________________________________________
b)____________________________________________
Does the dog eat meat?

a)______________________________________
______
b)____________________________________________
C) Underline the correct answer:
1. He (eats- eat) every morning.

2. (Do- Does) she write a sentence?
3. (Does- Do) the boy study English?
4. Susan (doesn’t- don’t) eat fish.
5. My teacher (love-loves) to dance.
6. He (don’t- doesn’t) use a key-holder.
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UNIDAD Nº 4
DESCRIBIR PERSONAS, ANIMALES, LUGARES Y COSAS
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
DESCRIBIR EN INGLÉS SUSTANTIVO PROPIOS Y COMUNES, EN FORMA

ORAL Y ESCRITA, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE EN PRESENTE SIMPLE
NEW VOCABULARY:
Colours: red / pink / orange / yellow / light green / green / dark green / light blue
/ blue / dark blue / purple / white / light gray / gray / dark gray / beige / light
brown / brown / dark brown / black
YELLOW BLUE RED PINK GREEN GRAY BROWN

PURPLE BLACK
Ex.: A: What are your favorite colours?

B: My favorite colours are red and purple.
C: What´s Ana´s favorite colour?
D: Her favorite colour is white.
Clothes:
For work: shirt, tie, belt, jacket and pants (suit), coat, shoes, blouse,
scarf, skirt, (high) heels, raincoat, dress.
For leisure: hat, sweater, jeans, gloves, boots, cap, T-shirt, shorts, socks,
Sneakers, pajamas, swimsuits.
Conversation
-Nelly: Are our clothes dry?
Betty: Yes, they are.
-Nelly: Where are my favorite socks?
Betty: What colour are they?
-Nelly: They’re white.
Betty: Are these your socks?
-Nelly: They’re blue and white.
Betty: No, they’re probably Pat’s socks. Wait! They are my socks! They’re
Ruined!
-Nelly: Yeah. The problem is this T-shirt. It’s dark blue.
Betty: Is it Pat’s?
-Nelly: Actually, it’s my T-shirt. I’m sorry.
Betty: That’s OK. It’s not important.
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Grammar note: Possessives
Are our clothes dry? Are Stephen’s and George’s clothes OK??
Where are my gloves? No, their clothes aren’t ok.
Are these your gloves? What´s Elizabeth’s favorite colour?
Is this Carl’s T-shirt? Her favorite colour is green.
No, it’s not her T-shirt.
I--------------my Pronunciation
you----------your Elizabeth’s /s/
he------------his Stephen’s /z/
she-----------her George’s / iz /
we-----------our
they---------their
A. Write a question for each sentence.

1. Liz’s jeans are black. What colour
_____________________________?
2. Dan’s favorite colour is green. What
___________________________________?
3. James’s shoes are on the table! Where
__________________________________?
4. Julie’s T-shirt is dark blue. What colour
_____________________________?
5. Debbie and Jeff’s house is white. What colour
_____________________________?
6. My favorite colour is purple. What
___________________________________?
7. Our classroom is light yellow. What colour
_____________________________?
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ADJECTIVES FOR DESCRIBING PEOPLE’S APPEARANCE AND
PERSONALITY: SUBJ + BE + adj
She’s pretty. He’s serious. She’s smart. He’s handsome

She’s shy. He’s very funny. They’re nice. She’s really friendly.
He’s thin. She’s a little heavy. He’s short. He’s really tall.
short thin heavy
Appearance Personality
good-looking pretty friendly shy
handsome short funny smart
heavy tall nice talkative
fat thin serious organized
Write sentences. Use the words in the box. .- He’s short and a little heavy. He´s
very serious, too.
1. Carlos_______________________________________________________.
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2. Reyna ______________________________________________________.
3. Daniel ______________________________________________________.
4. Victoria and Sheyla ____________________________________________.
5. Ana ________________________________________________________.
Where are you from?
A. Vocabulary:
Country Capital Nationality Country Capital Nationality

Venezuela Caracas Venezuela Colombia Bogota Colombian
Argentina Buenos Argentinian USA Washington,DC American
Aires
France Paris French Canada Ottawa Canadian
England London British Nicaragu Managua Nicaraguan
a
Spain Madrid Spanish Russia Moscow Russian
Portugal Lisbon Portuguese Norway Oslow Norwegian
Japan Tokyo Japanese Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan
Germany Berlin German Italy Rome Italian
B.Conversation:
-Esteban: Where are you from, Jesus?
-Jesus: Well, my family is here in Wales, but we’re from Peru originally.
-Esteban: Oh, my father is Peruvian –from Lima! Are you from Lima?
-Jesus: No, we´re not from Lima. We’re from Iquitos.
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-Esteban: So, is your first language Spanish?
STATEMENTS AND YES/NO QUESTIONS WITH BE
Are you from Lima? I´m not from Lima. I´m from Iquitos
Is Gino from Italy? He´s not from Italy. He´s from Argentina.
Is your first language Chinese? It´s not Chinese. It´s Japanese.
Are you and Belkis from Cuba? We´re not from Cuba. We´re from Puerto Rico.
Are your parents in Chile? They´re not in Chile. They´re in Uruguay.
Are your parents in Chile? Are you and your family from Africa?
Yes, they are. Yes, we are.
No, they’re not. No, we´re not we´re = we are
-Jesus: Yes, it is.
Grammar note:
COMPLETE THE CONVERSATIONS.
1. A: Hiroshi, ____are___ you and Maiko from Japan?
B. Yes, we __________.
A: __________ you from Tokyo?
B: No, __________ not. __________ from Kyoto.
2. A: __________ Laura from the U.S.?
B: No, __________ not. She’s from the U.K.
A: __________ she from London?
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B: Yes, she __________. But her parents __________ from Italy originally.
A: __________ Italian her first language?
B: No, __________ not. __________ English.
3. A: __________ Elena and Carlos from México?
B: No, __________ not. __________ from Peru.
A: What about you? Where __________ you from?
B: __________ from Säo Paulo.
A: So your first language __________ Portuguese.
B: Yes, it __________.
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past
future
UNIDAD Nº 5
ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES RELACIONADAS CON EL TIEMPO
PASADO Y FUTURO.
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
ESTABLECER COMUNICACIONES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL Y

ESCRITA, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE EN TIEMPO PASADO Y FUTURO.
ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES RELACIONADAS CON EL TIEMPO PASADO Y FUTURO
VERB TO BE IN THE SIMPLE PAST.
I was at home yesterday.

You were very nice to her.
She was in the beach with some friends.
He was at the game.
It was a beautiful dog.
They were a couple two years ago.
You were at the university.
We were a big group of students.
1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM.
a) I was at home yesterday.

b) It was a beautiful dog.
c) You were at the University.
2.- INTERROGATIVE FORM.
a) Was I at home yesterday?

b) Was it a beautiful dog?
c) Were you at the University?
3.- NEGATIVE FORM.
a) I was not at home yesterday.

b) It was not a beautiful dog.
c) You were not at the University.
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4.- CONTRACTIONS (ONLY IN THE NEGATIVE FORM).
a) I wasn’t at home yesterday.

b) It wasn’t a beautiful dog.
c) You weren’t at the University.
FUTURE
Will: It is a modal auxiliary. You use it to express a future decision made at the
moment of speaking or when you’re not sure about doing something.
Form: will + infinitive without to.
1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM:
Probably I will go to the beach next weekend.

Mary will stay in her cousin’s house.
They will make a cake for Jane’s birthday.
2.- NEGATIVE FORM.
Probably I will not go to the beach next weekend.

Mary will not stay in her cousin’s house.
They will not make a cake for Jane’s birthday.
Will I probably go to the beach next weekend?

Will Mary stay in her cousin’s house?
Will they make a cake for Jane’s birthday?
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4.- CONTRACTIONS ( AFFIRMATIVE).
I’ll probably go to the beach next weekend.

She’ll stay in her cousin’s house.
They’ll make a cake for Jane’s birthday.
5.- CONTRACTIONS ( NEGATIVE ).
I won’t go to the beach next weekend.

She won’t stay in her cousin’s house.
They won’t make a cake for Jane’s birthday.
Be going to: we use it to talk about a future intention that was made before the
moment of speaking.
Form: am/is/are + going to + infinitive (without to).
1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM.
I am going to work tomorrow.

Peter is going to play tennis.
We are going to buy some bananas.
2.- NEGATIVE FORM.
I am not going to work tomorrow.

Peter is not going to play tennis.
We are not going to buy bananas.

Am I going to work tomorrow?
Is Peter going to play tennis?
Are we going to buy bananas?
41
4.- CONTRACTIONS ( AFFIRMATIVE )
I’m going to work tomorrow.

Peter’s going to play tennis.
We’re going to buy bananas.
5.- CONTRACTIONS ( NEGATIVE )

I’m not going to work tomorrow.
Peter isn’t going to play tennis.
We aren’t going to buy bananas.
EXERCISES.
1.- PUT IN WAS/WERE OR WASN’T/WEREN’T
a) We weren’t happy with the hotel. Our room _______ very small and it
________ very clean.
b) George _________ at work last week because he ________ sick.
c) Yesterday __________ a public holiday so the shops ___________
closed.
d) _________ Sue and Bill at the party?. Sue________ but Bill __________.
e) Where are my keys? I don’t know. They __________ on the table but now
they’re not.
f) You _______ at home last night. Where ______ you?
2.- WRITE THE QUESTIONS. USE THE WORDS IN BRACKETS IN THE

CORRECT ORDER + WAS OR WERE.
a) ( late/you/this morning/why? )
b) ( last week/ where / Ann and Christ? )
c) ( nice/ last week/ the weather? )
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3.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE THE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST:
CLEAN, ENJOY, OPEN, START, HAVE, VISIT, GO, SEE.
a) I __________ my teeth three times yesterday.

b) Lisa ____________ a cup of coffee before breakfast.
c) The concert ___________ at 7:30 p.m.
d) We ___________ the party very much
e) Peter _________ an accident in the street last night.
f) It was hot in the room, so we __________ the window.
g) Last year my family __________ me in Australia.
h) She _________ to the airport to pick up her mother.
4.- MAKE THE QUESTION AND THE NEGATIVE SENTENCE OF EACH ONE
OF THE SENTENCES IN EXERCISE NUMBER 3.
5.- WRITE SENTENCES USING THE FUTURE. REMEMBER THE

USE OF WILL AND BE GOING TO.
a) (not go/ busy place / I). I’m not going to a busy place.
b) (she/ maybe/ take the train) __________________________.
c) (not stay /they/ hotel) _________________________.
d) (he/ think / ask a friend) ______________________.
6.- WRITE FOUR THINGS YOU PLAN TO DO ON YOUR NEXT VACATION.
7. .- READING.
A.-Read about Diane’s visit to a psychic named Miriem. Each sentence includes
at least one verb form to talk about the future. Pay attention to the use.
Miriem looked into her crystal ball and said to Diane, You won’t be at your job
for very long. Your work is going to change completely. You will start to write a
writing project. It will start at a meeting in Dallas in March, but no, nothing in April.
Are you going to travel to a meeting in April? She asked.
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“No, I’m going to attend a software developer’s meeting in Dallas in March but
no, nothing in April…” Diane answered.
The important meeting isn’t going to be big. It’ll be small”, the physic said
shaking her head a bit. You are going to meet with two people –a man and a
woman-. They will help you make this change.
B.- Now your teacher will dictate to you the text. Close your books and pay
attention to the pronunciation.
THE NUMBERS
CARDINALS.
1 (one) 2 (two) 3 (three) 4 (four) 5 (five) 6 (six) 7 (seven) 8 (eight) 9 (nine) 10

(ten)11 (eleven) 12 (twelve) 13 (thirteen) 14 (fourteen) 15 (fifteen) 16 (sixteen) 17
(seventeen)18 (eighteen) 19 (nineteen) 20 (twenty) 30 (thirty) 40 (forty) 50 (fifty)
60 (sixty) 70 (seventy) 80 (eighty) 90 (ninety) 100 (one hundred) 200 (two
hundred)1,000 (one thousand) 2,000 (two thousand) 100,000 (one hundred
thousand)1,000,000 (one million).
Examples:
56= fifty – six.

89= eighty – nine.
173= one hundred and seventy – three.
515= five hundred and fifteen.
2,890= two thousand eight hundred and ninety.
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40,657= forty thousand six hundred and fifty – seven.
2,567,435= two million five hundred and sixty - seven thousand four hundred and
thirty – five.
ORDINALS.
1 (first) 2 (second) 3 (third) 4 (fourth) 5 (fifth) 6 (sixth) 7 (seventh) 8 (eighth) nine

(ninth) 10 (tenth) 11 (eleventh) 12 (twelfth) 13 ( thirteenth) 14 (fourteenth) 15
(fifteenth)16 (sixteenth) 17 (seventeenth) 18 (eighteenth) 19 (nineteenth) 20
(twentieth) 30 (thirtieth) 31 (thirty-first) 50 ( fiftieth) 52 ( fifty-second) 70
(seventieth) 73 ( seventy-third)
Contractions: first = 1st / second = 2nd / third = 3rd / fourth = 4th
WHAT TIME IS IT?
There are two ways of expressing the time in English: the formal way and the
informal way.
Formal way: It is twenty minutes past twelve → 12:20

It is ten minutes to five → 4:40
It is half past three → 3:30
It is a quarter to seven → 6:45
Informal way: It is twelve twenty → 12:20

It is five thirty five → 5:35
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NOTE: You use TO after thirty minutes.
You use PAST before thirty minutes.
DAYS OF THE WEEK
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday .
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
January February March April May June July

August September October November December
SEASONS OF THE YEAR
Spring
Summer
Fall / Autumn
Winter
DATES
In English, to write the date you put first the day, then the month, after the
number of day and finally the year.
Examples: Saturday, August 9th 2003.
Thursday, July 19th 2001.
EXERCISES.
1.- WRITE THE NEXT NUMBERS.
a) 657
b) 2,478
c) 69,321
d) 5,876,345
e) 6,713,603
f) 56th
g) 91st
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h) 83rd
2.- YOUR TEACHER WILL DICTATE SOME AMOUNTS AND YOU’LL HAVE TO
WRITE THEM IN NUMBERS.
3.- WRITE THE TIME.
a) 5: 30 (formal way).
b) 6: 55 (formal way).
c) 3: 20 (informal way).
d) 11: 10 (formal way).
4.- WRITE A SHORT COMPOSITION ABOUT YOUR LIFE ROUTINE. USE THE
VOCABULARY YOU LEARNED ABOUT THE DAYS OF THE WEEK, THE
MONTHS OF THE YEAR AND THE SEASONS.
5.-WRITE THE NEXT DATES ACCORDING TO THE RULES YOU LEARNED.
a) Lunes 29 de septiembre de 2002.

b) Domingo 15 de marzo de 1999.
c) Jueves 3 de julio de 2003.
47
UNIDAD Nº 6
ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES QUE EXPRESAN POSESIÓN O
PERTENENCIA.
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
ESTABLECER COMUNICACIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA EN INGLÉS,
UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO HAVE EN TIEMPO PRESENTE.
ESTRUCTURAS GRAMATICALES QUE EXPRESAN POSESIÓN O PERTENENCIA
I HAVE... / I’VE GOT...
A. YOU CAN SAY I HAVE OR I’VE GOT, HE HAS OR HE’S GOT:
(I’ve got)
I Have I Have got (we’ve got)
we OR we (you’ve got)
you you (they’ve got)
they they
(he’s got)
he Has OR he Has got (she’s got)
she she (it’s got)
it it
** I’ve got blue eyes. (or I have blue eyes.)

** Tim has got two sisters. (or Tim has two sisters.)
** Our car has got four doors. (our car has four doors)
** Diane isn’t feeling well. She’s got a headache. (she’s got = she has got)
** They like animals. They’ve got a horse, three dogs and six cats. (They have a
horse, three dogs and six cats)
B. I HAVEN’T GOT / HAVE YOU GOT? ETC.
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NEGATIVE QUESTIONS SHORT ANSWERS
I have I got? Yes, I have got.

we have got we we
they haven’t got they they
you you
he has he got? Yes, he

she has not got she she
It hasn’t got it it
No, I haven’t. got

No, she hasn’t got.
** I’ve got a motor-bike but I haven’t got a car.

** Mr. and Mrs. Harris haven’t got any children.
** It’s a nice house but it hasn’t got a garden.
** ‘Have you got a camera?’ ‘No, I haven’t.’
** ‘What have you got in your bag?’ ‘Nothing. It’s empty.’
** ‘Has Ann got a car?’ ‘Yes, she has.’
C. DON’T HAVE / DO YOU HAVE? ETC.
In negatives and questions you can also use do / does …:

** They don’t have any children. (=They haven’t got any children.)
** It´s a nice house but it doesn’t have a garden. (=it hasn’t got a garden)
** Does Ann have a car? (=Has Ann got a car?)
** How much money do you have? (=How much money have you got?)
EXERCICES.
WRITE QUESTIONS.
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1. (you / an umbrella?) Have you got an umbrella?
Personal Object Possessive Possessive

Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns
2. (you / a passport?)
_________________________________________
3. (your father / a car?)
_________________________________________
4. (Carol / many friends?)
_________________________________________
5. (you / any brothers or sisters?)
_________________________________________
6. (how much money / we?)
_________________________________________
7. (What kind of car / Julia?)
_________________________________________
Complete the sentences. Use have/has got or haven´t/hasn´t got + one of these:
a lot of friends four wheels six legs a headache a toothache a key

much time a garden
1. I´m not feeling very well. I’ve got a headache.

2. It´s a nice house but it hasn’t got a garden.
3. Most cars _____________________________________________________.
4. Everybody likes Tom. He _________________________________________.
5. I´m going to the dentist this morning. I _______________________________.
6. He can’t open the door. He ________________________________________.
7. An insect ______________________________________________________.
8. We must hurry. We ______________________________________________.
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I know Lennis. Lennis knows me. It´s my car. It´s mine.
We know Lennis knows us. It´s our car. It´s ours.
Lennis.
You know Lenis knows you. It´s your car. It´s yours.
Lennis.
He knows Lennis knows him. It´s his car. It´s his.
Lennis.
She knows Lennis knows her. It´s her car. It´s hers.
Lennis.
They know Lennis knows It´s their car. It´s theirs.
Lennis. them.
** ‘Do you know that man?’

‘Yes, I know him but I can’t remember his name.’
** She was very pleased because we invited her to stay with us at our house.
** A: where are the children? Have you seen them?
B: Yes, they are playing with their friends in the park.
** That’s my pen. Can you give it to me, please?
** ‘Is this your umbrella?’ ‘No, it’s yours.’
** He didn’t have an umbrella, so she gave him hers.
(= she gave her umbrella to him)
** I´m meeting a friend of mine this evening. (not ‘a friend of me’)
We use my / your etc. + a noun (my hands are cold / your book is red /Said
gave his umbrella etc.)
We use mine / yours etc. without a noun (Is this book mine or yours? / it´s their
problem, not ours etc.)
You can use his with or without a noun: (‘Is this his camera or hers?’ ‘It´s his.’)
EXERCISES.
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A.- Finish these sentences in the same way.
1. We invited her to stay with us at our house.

2. He invited us to stay with ____________________ house.
3. They invited me to stay with ___________________ house.
4. I invited them ____________________________________.
5. She invited us ____________________________________.
6. Did you invite him ________________________________?
B.- Where’s Caroline? Have you seen her?

2 Where are my keys? Where did I put ________?
3. This letter is for Bill. Can you give it to ________?
4. We wrote to John but he didn’t answer ________ letter.
5. ‘I can’t find my pen. Can I use _______ ?’ ‘Yes, of course.’
6. We’re going to the cinema. Why don’t you come with ________?
Whose…?
** Whose book is this? (= Is it your book? his book? my book? etc.)

You can use whose with or without a noun
** Whose money is this? It’s mine.
Whose is this?
** Whose shoes are these? They’re Nelly’s
Whose are these?
Whose ______________? Whose

____________?
______________. (theirs) ______________? (Nelly’s)
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Whose ____________? Whose _____________?

_____________ (his) ____________ (Raul´s)
NEW VOCABULARY:
A.- Look at Samuel’s family tree. Fill in the blanks in the paragraph below. Use
the words in the box.
brother daughter husband parents sons
children father mother sister wife
Helen Jack
M= married
M
Me Reyna
Samuel Jr. Kathy Leo

My name is Samuel. This is my family. Helen and Jack are my parents. Helen is
my __________, and Jack is my __________. Reyna is my __________. I´m her
4__________. Samuel Jr., Kathy, and Leo are our __________. Samuel Jr. and
Leo are our __________, and Kathy is our __________. Samuel Jr. is Leo’s
__________, and Kathy is his __________.
New vocabulary: Parts of the body
FOREHEAD
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HEAD
HAIR
EYE
NOSE
MOUTH
NECK
ARM
FOREARM
SHOULDER
HAND
ELBOW
FINGERS
THIGH
HIP
LEG
KNEE
FOOT
Note: 1 Foot (singular)

2 Feet (plural)
57
UNIDAD Nº7
DIRECCIONES Y UBICACIONES
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
EXPRESAR EN INGLÉS EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA, SITUACIONES
RELACIONADAS CON LA UBICACIÓN DE SUJETOS EN LUGARES
DETERMINADOS, UTILIZANDO EL VERBO TO BE.
IN AT ON (PREPOSITIONS OF PLACES)
a) IN
Where’s David? In the kitchen / In the garden / In London.
What’s in the Box / in that bag?
Angela works in a shop / in a bank / in a factory.
I live in a town but I want to live in the country.
Where’s Kate? She is in bed.
b) AT
There’s someone at the door.
The car is waiting at the traffic light.
Julia is working at her desk.
Will you be at home / at school / at work?
Helen studies law at university.
c) ON
There are some books on the shelf and some pictures on the wall.
There are a lot of apples on those trees.
There is a stamp on the envelope.
Did you come here on a bus?
The office is on the first floor.
61
OTHER PREPOSITIONS OF PLACES
Next to (or beside) / between / in front of / behind/under.
A B C
A is next to B. or A is beside B / B is between A and C.
The cat is under the table/ The doctor is behind the girl/ The man is in front of
the Lady.
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There are other prepositions such as: up, down, along, through, etc.
Cardinal Points.
NORTH
↑
WEST ← → EAST
↓
SOUTH
Examples: Where is Caracas located? It’s in the North of Venezuela.

Where is Bolivar state located? It’s in the south-east of Venezuela.
Catia is located at the west of Caracas.
Sucre state is located at the East of Venezuela.
Conversation.
Louis: Hi Mark. How’s everything ?

Mark : Everything is fine. I moved to another place.
Louis: Nice and, where is it?
Mark: It’s in the south of the city. I can explain to you how to do to get in.
Louis: Sure. So now I can visit you.
Mark. Ok. Pay attention to me. You take the bus to the south and get down on
the second street. Then you walk along for two blocks. The building is next to the
supermarket and behind the church. Ah! And in front of the police station. There’s
no way you get lost. Did you understand?
Louis: Yes, absolutely. Maybe next weekend I can visit you.
Mark. Ok. See you around.
Louis: See you.
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EXERCISES:
1.- LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. USE
IN/AT/ON/BETWEEN/NEXT TO/UNDER.
1.- Where is the man in white?

2.- Where is the couple?
3.- Where is the dog?
4.- Where is the flower pot?
5.- Where is the old lady?
6.- Where is the man in green?
2.- PUT IN AT/IN/ON.

a) Were you _____ home yesterday morning?
b) I walked to work but I came home _________ the bus.
c) Where are the children? Are they _____ school?
d) Peter has a cold. He is _______ bed.
e) Where does Diana lie? She lives _____ California.
3.- SITUATION: A FOREIGNER IS LOST IN THE CITY. TRY TO GIVE HIM THE
ADDRESS HE’S LOOKING FOR. USE THE WORDS GIVEN ( NORTH / IN /
TWEEN / NEXT TO / ALONG ).
64
UNIDAD Nº8
ACCIONES QUE SE ESTÁN O ESTUVIERON REALIZANDO EN TIEMPO
PROGRESIVO( TO BE + ING).
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
Establecer comunicación oral y escrita en inglés, expresando
acciones que se están o estuvieron realizando, utilizando el To Be
como Auxiliar de este tiempo y los verbos en gerundio.
ACCIONES QUE ESTÁN O ESTUVIERON REALIZANDO EN TIEMPOS PROGRESIVOS (TO BE + iNG)
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE)
It is used to express an activity happening now.

FORM: Subject + verb to be + main verb + ing
I am
She is
you are
Example : I am working now .
Note: to form the continuous of the verbs that end in a vowel, you eliminate the
vowel and add the ing.
Examples: take – taking / make – making / drive- driving

CONTRACTIONS
We ARE We’re
You You’re
They They’re
NOTE: I am = I’m She He’s

He is She’s
It It’s
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE
I am (‘m)
am not ( ‘m not) working now.
He
She is (‘s) eating with me.
It is not (isn’t)
We sleeping now.
You are (‘re)
They are not (aren’t)
67
QUESTION ANSWERS
Am I Working yes, you are.
yes, you are working now.
no, she isn´t.
Is She eating with me ? no, she isn´t eating wit me.
Are They sleeping now? Yes, they are.

No, they aren´t sleeping now.
NOTE: We cannot use I’m / we’re / she’s / he’s / it’s / they’re / you’re in short
answers.
WRONG: Yes, I’m

Yes, she’s
RIGHT: Yes, I am
Yes, she is
PAST CONTINUOUS ( PROGRESSIVE ). It is used to express a past activity

happening over a period of time.
FORM
Was / were (past tense of to be) + verb + ing
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE

I
He was doing the homework.
She was not (wasn’t )
It
We
You were
They were not ( weren’t) playing tennis.
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QUESTION.
Was I doing the homework?
Was she doing the homework?
Were they playing tennis?
ANSWERS.
Yes, I was / No, I wasn’t / Yes, I was doing the homework / No, I wasn’t doing the
homework.
Yes, she was / No, she wasn’t / Yes, she was doing the homework / No, she
wasn’t doing the homework.
Yes, they were / No, they weren’t / Yes, they were playing tennis / No, they
weren’t playing tennis.
NOTE: to make specific questions you have to use the Wh questions. What –
Where – Who – Why – When – Who .
What + verb to be + subject + verb + ing
Examples:
What are they doing?

Why were you crying?
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EXERCISES
1.- WHAT ARE THESE PEOPLE DOING?

Use the verbs to complete the sentences.(do/ cook/ drive/ drink/ work/ run/ paint )
Remember the use of the present continuous.
2.- WHAT’S HAPPENING AT THE MOMENT. WRITE TRUE SENTENCES.
1.- ( I / wash / my hair ) I’m not washing my hair.

2.- ( It / snow ) ______________________________________________
3.- ( I / sit / on a chair ) ________________________________________
4.- ( I eat ) __________________________________________________
5.- ( It / rain ) _________________________________________________
6.- ( I / learn ) ________________________________________________
7.- ( I / read / the newspaper ) ____________________________________
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3.- A) THESE PEOPLE WERE DOING DIFFERENT THINGS YESTERDAY.

WHAT WERE THEY DOING? USE THE FOLLOWING VERBS: REPAIR /
SLEEP / VACUUM / TEACH / DANCE.
B) Now make the last sentences negative and change them into questions.
4.- CHANGE TO THE PAST:
There is a boy in the restaurant. He is with his father and his mother. They are
eating fish. The boy is drinking milk. His father is drinking water and his mother a
coke. They are talking about the school. The boy isn’t happy with the
conversation. He is trying to change the conversation. Around them there are
some people having their meal. They are very happy. Now the boy is walking
home with his parents.
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5.- ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS:

a) Where were you eating last night?
b) What were you reading yesterday?
c) Who was drinking milk this morning?
d) When were you walking to the school?
e) Where was your teacher teaching English yesterday?
6.- WRITE QUESTIONS FROM THESE WORDS. USE IS OR ARE AND PUT
THE WORDS IN ORDER.
1.- (working / Paul / today?) Is Paul working today?
2.- (what / doing / the children?)
3.- (you / listening / to me? )
4.- (where / going / your friends?)
5.- (your parents / television / watching?)
6.- (what / cooking / Ann?)
7.- (why / you / looking / at me?)
8.- (coming/ the bus?)
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7.- THESE PEOPLE WERE DOING DIFFERENT THINGS YESTERDAY. LOOK

AT THE PICTURES AND MAKE SENTENCES WITH: SWIM / PLAY /
CELEBRATE / COOK / SURF / TOAST.
8.- COMPLETE THE QUESTIONS. USE WAS/WERE + ING. USE

WHAT/WHERE/WHY, IF NECESSARY.
QUESTIONS ANSWERS
1.- (you/live) Where were you living in 1990? In London.
2.- (you/do) _______________________at 2 o’clock? I was asleep.
3.- (it/rain) ___________________when you got up? No, it was sunny.
4.- (Ann/drive) ________________________so fast? Because she was in a hurry.
5.- Tim /wear) _________________a suit yesterday? No, a T-shirt and jeans.
9.- SPEAKING.
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Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions.
Where were you, and what were you doing

-at three o’clock this morning?
-at eight o’ clock this morning? I was in bed /reading…
-two years ago?
-in August last year?
-this time yesterday?
10.- READING.
THE CHANGING FAMILY
What kind of problems do parents have in your country?
American families are changing. One important change is that most

married women now work outside the home. What happens when both parents
work? Read about the Morales family.
Judy and Steve Morales have three children: josh, 12; Ben,9; and Emily,6.
Steve is a computer programmer. This year, Judy is working again as a hospital
administrator. The family needs the money, and Judy likes her job. Everything is
going well, but there are also problems.
Now that Judy is working, Steve has to help her more with the
housework. He doesn’t enjoy it, however.
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Judy loves her work, but she feels tired and too busy. She also worries
about her children because she’s working on Saturdays so she doesn’t
have free time for her husband and children.
Emily is having a great time in her after- school program.

When Judy comes to pick her up, she’s playing with her
friends and doesn’t want to leave.
Unfortunately, Ben’s school doesn’t have an after- school program. Right now
he’s spending most afternoons by himself in front of the TV.
Josh is enjoying his new freedom after school. He’s playing his music louder and
spending more time on the phone. He’s also doing a few household chores.
A.- Read the article. What are Steve’s and Judy’s problems? Complete the
chart.
PROBLEMS
1.- Steve
2.- Judy
3.- Steve and Judy
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11.- TRANSLATE THESE SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS INTO SPANISH.
a) I’m working in a very big company now.
b) Was Mary wearing a blue coat yesterday? No, she was wearing a black
jacket.
c) They aren’t enjoying the party because they are fighting.
d) My parents are living in the country now.
e) The computer system isn’t working.
f) The birds were drinking water when I arrived to the park.
76
UNIDAD Nº9
ESTRUCTURAS DE EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDAD
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
EXPRESAR EN INGLÉS EN FORMA ORAL Y ESCRITA ESTRUCTURAS
QUE INDIQUEN EXISTENCIA Y CANTIDAD
77
GRAMMAR
Expressing Existence
THERE IS, THERE ARE, THERE WAS, THERE WERE
There is a lamp There are three chairs

There aren’t any lamps There aren’t any chairs
Is there a bank around here? Are there any post offices around here?
Yes, there is one Yes, there are some on Elm Street.
No, there aren’t any No, there aren’t any.
There was a television There were two televisions
Was there a television? Were there any televisions?
Yes, there was. Yes, there were.
No, there wasn’t No, there weren’t
1.- LOOK AT THE PICTURES AND COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE
INFORMATION FROM THE CHART
1. There television.
2. There armchairs.
3. There coffee table.
4. there any lamps?
5. There a stove.
6. there any sofas?
7.There chairs.
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2.- WRITE QUESTIONS ABOUT THESE PLACES IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD

MAP BELOW.
A restaurant / shops/ a bus station/ a library/ a butchery/ airports/ A pet shop/

gas stations/ a hospital/ grocery store/ a stadium
Is there a restaurant around here?
Are there any shops around here?
80
GRAMMAR
COUNTABLES(Singular and Plural ) UNCOUNTABLES (Only Singular)
There is an orange There is some sugar
There are three oranges. There isn’t any sugar
There are some oranges Is there any sugar?
There isn’t an orange Yes, there is some.
There aren’t any oranges. No, there isn’t any.
Are there any oranges?
Yes, there are some
No, there aren`t any
1.- COMPLETE THESE STATEMENTS WITH IS , ARE, SOME, ANY
1. Carrots_______ my favorite vegetables.

2. There_______ _________ coffee.
3. ____there______ tomatoes?.
4. Broccoli_______ very good for you.
5. _____there _____cheese?
6. Strawberries _______my favorite fruit.
7. I think yogurt_______ awful.
8. There isn’t ________ milk.
9. There____ _______eggs.
2.- CORRECT THE MISTAKES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.
Ex: There are an apple. There is an apple.
1. Is there some coffee? _____________________.

2. There is two bananas. _____________________.
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3. There aren’t any sugar. _____________________.
4. Are there any juice? _____________________.
5. There isn’t three potatoes _____________________.
6. There aren’t some apples _____________________.
7. Is there any eggs? _____________________.
CONVERSATION.
JOE: Hmm. Let’s go to prepare a potato salad.
TINA: O.K we need some potatoes. Is there any mayonnaise at home?
JOE: Yes, there’s a little
TINA: How many onions do you want?
JOE: Oh, just one.
TINA: How many eggs can we use? Oh, there aren’t any.
JOE: Then let’s buy some.
TINA: Are there any carrots?
JOE: Well, there are a few.
TINA: This is a delicious salad.
JOE: I like it.
GRAMMAR FOCUS
HOW MUCH HOW MANY
UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS COUNTABLE NOUNS

How much milk is there? How many eggs are there?
There is a lot There are a lot
There is a little There are a few
There isn’t much There aren’t many
There isn’t any There aren’t any
1.- LOOK AT THE PICTURES. MAKE QUESTIONS AND THE ANSWERS

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1 2 3 4
5 6 7
1. How many pumpkins are there? There are a lot___________ Pumpkins.

2._________________________________________________ Bananas.
3._________________________________________________ Fish.
4._________________________________________________ Tomato.
5._________________________________________________ Carrots.
6._________________________________________________ Meat.
7._________________________________________________ Onions
2.- PUT IN HOW MUCH OR HOW MANY
1. ___________________PEOPLE ARE COMING TO THE PARTY?
2. ___________________MILK DO YOU WANT IN YOUR COFFEE?
3. ___________________BREAD DID YOU BUY?
4. ___________________PLAYERS ARE THERE IN A FOOTBALL TEAM?
PUT IN A LITTLE, A FEW , USING ONE OF THESE WORDS.
Air Chairs Days Friends Letters Milk Russian
1. Last night I wrote a few letters to my family and friends.
2. Can I have _________________in my coffee, please?
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3. When did Julia go away?________________________ ago.
4. I can speak______________________________________.
5. Are you going alone? No, I’m going with______________.
6. There wasn’t much furniture in the room- just a table
and_________________.
7. I’m going out for a walk. I need _______________ fresh____________.
84
UNIDAD Nº10
HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON ( VERBO AUXILIAR “DID”)
OBJETIVO TERMINAL:
TERMINAL
ESTABLECER COMUNICACIÓN ORAL Y ESCRITA EN INGLÉS ACERCA DE
HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON
HECHOS Y ACCIONES QUE SE REALIZARON (VERBO AUXILIAR “DID”
Use: We use the simple past to talk about something that happened and finished
in the past. This tense is usually indicated by words such as: yesterday, last
week, last night and last year.
Form: The form of the Simple Past is the same for all the persons.
Positive: The positive of regular verbs ends in ED.

Base form: start / simple past: started.
Base form: work / simple past: worked.
Base form: play / simple past: played.
There are many common irregular verbs such as: drink, have, make, know, etc.
These verbs change their form completely.
Base form: drink / simple past: drank.
Base form: have / simple past: had.
Base form: make / simple past: made.
1.- AFFIRMATIVE FORM
I finished my homework yesterday.

He/She/It worked very hard.
We drank much beer.
You made a cake.
We played baseball.
2.- NEGATIVE FORM: THE NEGATIVE FORM OF THE SIMPLE PAST IS WITH
DID + NOT (DIDN’T). AND THE VERB GOES IN ITS BASE FORM.
I did not finish yesterday.

She did not work very hard.
We did not play baseball.
87
3.- INTERROGATIVE FORM: THE QUESTION IN THE SIMPLE PAST IS

FORMED WITH DID. AND THE VERB GOES IN ITS BASE FORM.
Did I finish yesterday?

Did She work very hard?
Did we play baseball?
4.- CONTRACTIONS (ONLY IN THE NEGATIVE FORM)
I didn’t finish yesterday

She didn’t work very hard
We didn’t play baseball
3.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE THE VERBS IN THE SIMPLE PAST:
CLEAN, ENJOY, OPEN, START, HAVE, VISIT, GO, SEE.
i) I __________ my teeth three times yesterday.

j) Lisa ____________ a cup of coffee before breakfast.
k) The concert ___________ at 7:30 p.m.
l) We ___________ the party very much
m) Peter _________ an accident in the street last night.
n) It was hot in the room, so we __________ the window.
o) Last year my family __________ me in Australia.
p) She _________ to the airport to pick up her mother.
4.- MAKE THE QUESTION AND THE NEGATIVE SENTENCE OF EACH ONE
OF THE SENTENCES IN EXERCISE NUMBER 3.
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5.- COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH THE VERB IN NEGATIVE.
a) I saw Barbara but I didn’t see Jane.

b) They worked on Monday but they ________________ on Tuesday.
c) We went to the post office but we ________________ to the bank.
d) She had a pen but she_________________________ any paper.
e) Jack did French at school but he _________________German.
6.- WRITE B’S QUESTIONS. USE: ARRIVE / COST / GO / GO TO BED LATE /

HAVE A NICE TIME / WIN.
1.- A: We went to New York last year. 5.- A: We came home by taxi.
B: Where did you stay? B: How much_________________?
A: With some friends. A: Ten pounds.
2.- A: I was late this morning. 6.- A: I’m tired this morning.
B: What time_________________? B: _________________________?
A: Eleven. A: No, but I didn’t sleep very well.
3.- A: I played tennis this afternoon. 7.- A: We went to the beach yesterday.
B: __________________________? B: _________________________?
A: No, I lost. A: Yes, it was great.
4.- A: I had a nice holiday. 8.- A: The window is broken.

B: Good. Where ______________? B: How______________________?
A: To the mountains. A: I don’t know.
7.- PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES. REGULAR VERBS IN SIMPLE PAST
89
Note: There are three kinds of pronunciation of the regular verbs in the simple
past
1.- IF THE VERB IN ITS BASE FORM ENDS IN VOICELESS SOUNDS
SUCH AS: /K/ /P/ /CH/ /SH/, YOU PRONOUNCE THE ED AS /T/.
Example: work – worked /t/

stop – stopped /t/
watch – watched /t/
crash – crashed /t/
2.- IF THE VERB IN ITS BASE FORM ENDS IN VOICED SOUNDS SUCH
AS: /N/ /M/ /R/ AND ANY VOWEL, YOU PRONOUNCE THE ED AS /D/
Example: play – played /d/

plan – planned /d/
clarify – clarified /d/
3.- IF THE VERB IN ITS BASE FORM ENDS IN SOUND /D/ /T/, YOU
PRONOUNCE THE ED AS /ID/
Example: demand – demanded /id/

start – started /id/
recommend – recommended /id/
90
4. PRONOUNCE THE NEXT PHRASES ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF

THE SIMPLE PAST
1.- I started to work as a manager last week and my boss demanded many things
to do.
2.- Last weekend Mary walked on Saturday and played tennis on Sunday. She
must be very tired.
3.- They watched TV a lot and after they decided to go for an ice cream.
4.- Yesterday Peter mentioned something about going to the beach but I’m not
sure.
5.- I just tried to get some money from my saving account but I couldn’t.
Adverbs of frequency: (always, seldom, never, usually, sometimes)
Some sentences in past with the frequency adverbs:
I always played basketball.
You seldom ate hot dog.
I never went to buy candies.
Carl usually drank beer.
She sometimes slept till late.
HOW OFTEN- adverb of frequency, it is used to know the frequency of an action,

an event or any activity.
Examples:
How often did you play tennis? – I played tennis three times a week last year.
How often did they do the homework?- they did the homework once a week last
month.
How often did she drink coffee?- she drank coffee once a day.
How often did the boys went to the river?- they went to the river twice a month.
91
Answer these questions using the adverbs of frequency.
How often did you go to the beach? __________________________________

How often did you eat hot dog? _____________________________________
How often did you read the newspaper?_______________________________
How often did she sing a song?______________________________________
How often did you travel?___________________________________________
How often did they play football?_____________________________________
How often did he talk to his mother who lives in The United states?________________
PRACTICE THIS CONVERSATION USING THE ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY

AND SOME VERBS IN PAST.
Mary: You were really fit, Paul. Did you exercise very much?
Paul: Well, I almost always got up very early, and I lifted weights for an hour.
Mary: You’re kidding!
Paul: No. And then I often went Rollerblading.
Mary: Wow! How often did you exercise like that?
Paul: About five times a week. What about you?
Mary: Oh! I hardly ever exercised. I usually watched TV in my free time. I guess I
was a real couch potato!
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS: myself/yourself/themselves, etc.

I → me → myself
He → him → himself
She → her → herself
You → you → yourself (singular)
yourselves (plural)
We → us → ourselves
They → them → themselves
92
EXAMPLES: I looked at myself in the mirror.

He cut himself with a knife.
We had a good holiday. We enjoyed ourselves.
They had a nice time. They enjoyed themselves.
EACH OTHER
EXAMPLES: - Jill and Ann are good friends. They know each other well.
- (Jill knows Ann / Ann knows Jill)
- Paul and I live near each other.

- (he lives near me / I live near him)
EXERCISES:
1.- FINISH THE SENTENCES WITH MYSELF / YOURSELF, ETC.
a) He looked at himself in the mirror.

b) I’m not angry with you. I’m mad at ____________________.
c) Margaret had a nice time in London. She enjoyed __________________.
d) My friends had a nice time in Florida. They enjoyed _________________.
e) He never thinks about other people. He only thinks about _____________.
f) Goodbye! Have a nice holiday and look after _______________. (plural).
2.- WRITE SENTENCES WITH EACH OTHER.
a) He likes her / he likes him. They like each other.

b) I can’t see you / you can’t see me ______________________.
c) I often write to her / she often writes to me _____________________.
d) He doesn’t know him / he doesn’t know him _______________________.
e) You are sitting next to me / I am sitting next to you __________________.
f) She gave her a present / I gave her a present ____________________.
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3.- COMPLETE THE SENTENCES. USE: EACH OTHER OR OURSELVES /

YOURSELVES / THEMSELVES.
a) Paul and I live near ________________
b) You can help Tom and Tom can help you. So you and Tom can help
_________________
c) When we go on holidays, we always enjoy __________________
d) Mary and Jane were at school together, but they never see
_________________ now.
e) Many people talk to _________________ when they’re alone.
94
VOCABULARY
Foods
Bread Cake Bananas Cheese
Potato Paprikas Meat
Tomato Grapes Carrots Pizza
Fish Hamburguer
95
Others: rice, pasta, chicken, ham, jam, butter, beans, sugar, salt, garlic, onions,
lettuce, orange, apple, pear, peach, etc.
Drinks
Coffee Tea Wine
Beer
Others: soda, milk, juice (orange juice, apple juice), lemonade, etc.
96
Desserts
Cake Ice Cream
Common Expressions Related to Foods and Drinks.
I love eating in fast food restaurants.

I would like to eat chicken with French fries.
I’ll have some coffee.
I’m going to bake a cake for Joan’s birthday party.
I hate onions.
I like pizza very much.
My favorite food is Italian food.
I would like my coffee with a lot of sugar and very hot.
97
CONVERSATION: Going out for dinner
Sandy: Do you want to go out for dinner tonight?

Bob: Sure. Where would you like to go?
Sandy: Well, what do you think of the restaurant that Mary told us about?
Bob: Yes sure, I’d love to.
Sandy: Ok. Let’s go!
In the Restaurant.
Waiter: May I take your order please?
Sandy: Yes, I’d like a hamburger and French fries, please.
Waiter: All right. And would you like a salad?
Sandy: Yes, with a lot of tomatoes and onions.
Waiter: And you Mister. What will you have?
Bob: I’ll have fried chicken with potatoes. Ah! And a Ceasar salad.
Waiter: Sure. And would you like anything to drink?
Sandy: Lemonade.
Bob: I think I’ll have apple juice.
Some minutes later.

Waiter: Here you have. A hamburger with French fries, chicken with potatoes for
you and the two salads. I’ll be back in a minute with your drinks.
Bob: I love chicken with potatoes.
Sandy: I like eating but I hate cooking
Waiter: Here you have your drinks. Enjoy your meal
Bob: Thank you.
98
Exercises:
1.- Pair work. Ask your friend what does he / she normally take for breakfast,
lunch and dinner.
Start by saying: What do you have for breakfast / lunch / dinner? And remember
the use of the vocabulary of foods and drinks and the common expressions.
2.- Imagine you are the manager of a restaurant and you have to design the
menu. Create a good menu including the main dish, the dessert and the drinks.
99
BIBLIOGRAFÍA
Jack ,C., R. (2000). New Interchange ( intro) text book English for International
Communication. Ed. Cambridge University Press.
Jack, C., R. (2000), New Interchange ( intro) workbook English for International
Communication. Ed. Cambridge University Press.
Jack, C.,R. Hull J. (1997).New Interchange student’s book 1 English for

International Communication. Ed. Cambridge University Press.
John and Liz S. ( 1991). Headway. Pre intermediate. Ed. Oxford University Press
Laurie Frazier and Robin Mills.(1998) North Star Basic. Focus on reading and
writing. Ed. Longman
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary As Hornsby ( 1989) fourth edition chief

Apcowie Edit. Cambridge University Press.
100
MATERIAL APROBADO POR COMITÉ EJECUTIVO SEGÚN ORDEN
ADMINISTRATIVA Nº 2013-04-50 FECHA: 24-11-2004
La Gerencia General de Formación Profesional pone en vigencia el presente

material a partir de la fecha de su edición. Se agradece que los instructores y
especialistas del área, realicen una evaluación del mismo, a fin de incorporar las
correcciones pertinentes y garantizar su actualización.
Reproducción:
Gerencia de Servicios Generales

División de Servicios Auxiliares
Unidad de fotocopiado. (Sede)
INCE
Se prohíbe la reproducción total o parcial de esta publicación sin la previa

autorización del Instituto Nacional de Cooperación Educativa (I.N.C.E)
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INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE COOPERACIÓN EDUCATIVA

NIVEL: FORMACIÓN BASICA

NIVEL : FORMACIÓN BÁSICA

Caracas, julio 2003

Las tendencias actuales en esta era moderna globalizada, y el avance

La presente Guía de estudio responde íntegramente a las orientaciones

Esta Guía de Estudio tiene como propósito fundamental, proporcionar una

HOW TO GREET AND INTRODUCE PEOPLE / HOW TO SAY

Good afternoon! Hello!

POSSIBLE ANSWERS (GREETING BACK)

I´m fine, thanks! Pretty good

EXPRESAR EN FORMA VERBAL Y ESCRITA, SALUDOS,

INTRODUCING ONESELF AND OTHERS

Hello!, I´m ……./My name is………

Tom : Hi!, How ______ you today ?

B. PRACTICE THESE GREETINGS SITUATIONS.

1) You meet your best friend in the street at 3:00 p.m.

C. WORD ORDER -PUT THESE SENTENCES IN THE CORRECT ORDER

1) To/ nice / you / meet________________________________________

D. LISTEN TO THIS CONVERSATION AND PRACTICE..THE TEACHER

CONSTRUIR ORACIONES SIMPLES EN INGLÉS, EN FORMA ORAL Y

I. Spell your own name and some of your friends’ names.

She is At the beach.

We are With you.

You are a good dancer.

They are Good neighbors.

- He is the History teacher.

2.- INTERROGATIVE FORM

- Is he the History teacher?

3.- NEGATIVE FORM.

- He is not the History teacher.

4.- CONTRACTIONS (AFFIRMATIVE).

- He’s the History teacher.

5.- CONTRACTIONS (NEGATIVE).

- He isn’t the History teacher.

A.- INSERT AM, IS OR ARE IN THESE SENTENCES.

1) I ________ Peter and this ________ Janet.

7) ________ Susan at home?

B.- CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO INTERROGATIVE AND

Example: Mr. Rojas is the principal of the school.

c) Mrs. Clark is the English teacher.

e) The students are in the classroom.

GRAMMAR NOTE: Possessive Adjectives.

b) He is a good baseball player.

c) We live in a beautiful house.

A) COMPLETE THE SENTENCES USING THE POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES:

Indefinite Articles: use a + singular noun before a consonant sound.

1) This is _____ book.

The + singular noun. (NO GENDER)

The book / The books.

THE DEFINITE ARTICLE IS USED BEFORE SEAS, RIVERS, HOTELS,

Demonstrative Pronouns: This / It ( Singular) These / They ( Plural ).

Plural nouns: Most words ending in ss, sh, ch, x.

Most words Words Ending Words Ending in Word Ending In

shoe - shoes watch - watches wolf - wolves

These are cameras.

What’s this? This is a knife / It is a knife.

What are these? These are knives / They are knives.

1) FIND THE THINGS IN THE PICTURE. WRITE WORDS.

2) WRITE SENTENCES ABOUT THE THINGS IN PART A,,,.

1.- This is a calculator.

a are it’s these you

Megan: Wow! What’s this?

1) I Peter and this Janet.

Louis: _____ welcome. Now open box.