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@ @xbna@u@ja@a@@@@@@@@@

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@bna@a

@ @xbna@u@ja@a
Control Charts
:

@@

:Variables Charts pana@a :a@a

:
.
.

:Attributes Charts ba@a :bra@a

:
.

:xbna@u@ja@@ba@a

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

UCL

CL ( )

LCL

:a@@ba@pba
[CL]

Central Line

.(

:[

( 1

.Lower Control Limit (LCL)

Upper Control Limit (UCL)

(2

:z

:xbna u@ja@a@@@ubna@a@@a@a

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

)(UCL , LCL

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

@ @Variables Chart pana@a@Za@a

@@

[ X - bar Chart ] iba@a@@Z@c

(K)

(3)

(n )

:
( )

:( )

(1

3
UCL = +

n
CL =

3
LCL =

( )

( )

( )

3
UCL = X +

(2

( X )

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

CL = X
3
LCL = X

( )

(3

Minitab

(R- bar) ana :a@ja

UCL = + ( A2 R )

CL =

LCL = (A2 R )

:
+

[(K)

]=

: (R )

+ ..........

. (K)

A2

(S - bar) ang@Z@bra@ja
:

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

3s
UCL = +

n
CL =

3s
LCL =

:
+

+ ................ +

.[ (K)

:s

(K)

HvnaI@a@ba@aa Zsbra@ja
Pooled Standard Deviation

3 (S ) pooled
UCL = +

CL =

3 (S ) pooled
LCL =

:
:

(S ) pooled =

: (S ) pooled

(n 1)(s12 + s22 + ......... + s2k )

K (n 1)
.
6

:s

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

( )

: sk

:
(

(X-bar

(10)

]:[1]

Chart)

(k=10)

. (X )

:s

br

(4)

. [ (n=4)

:la
.

(X-bar Chart)

600

80

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(4)

(3)

(2)

(1)

659

666

687

620

585

524

585

501

567

686

701

673

628

572

726

546

643

659

984

494

582

664

755

595

693

664

710

619

353

614

723

630

612

533

791

482

503

626

524

706

10

:paa
:

(1

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Control Charts

Variables Charts for Subgroups

( 2

Stat

Xbar Chart

1
2

Observations for a
subgroup are in one row
of columns

( C1, C2, C3, C4)

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(4

Xbar Options

(5
(6

Ok

10

. OK

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
Xbar Chart of C1; ...; C4

750
UCL=720

Sample Mean

700

650
_
_
X=600

600

550

500
LCL=480
1

5
6
Sample

10

:bbc@a@jaa@@qra@a@lby@
.(600)

: (CL)

(1

: (UCL)

( 2

: (LCL)

( 3

3
UCL = +

n
3 80
= 600 +
= 720
4

:
3
LCL =

n
3 80
= 600
= 480
4

:na

11

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

.(X-bar Chart)

] : [2] br

la .(45)

:paa

Control Charts

Variables Charts for Subgroups

( 1

Stat
Xbar Chart

Xbar Options

12

(2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

.Mean

deviation

.(45)

OK

:Standard

OK

(X-bar Chart)
:

13

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
Xbar Chart of C1; ...; C4

700

UCL=694.6

Sample Mean

675
650
_
_
X=627.1

625
600
575

LCL=559.6
550

5
6
Sample

10

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
: (CL)

= (X )

(1

CL = X
= 25085 40 = 627.1

: (UCL)

( 2

( 3

3
UCL = X +

n
3 45
= 627.1 +
= 694.6
4

: (LCL)

3
LCL = X

n
3 45
= 627.1
= 559.6
4

14

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(5)

(3)

.
:

(15)

Pooled Standard

br

1000

] :[3]

.
:[

(2)

:na

(LCL)
.

:la

.( R- bar )

.(S - bar)

Deviation

15

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(3)

(2)

(1)

1013

992

1044

937

981

929

987

925

923

994

1022

1016

900

991

974

904

925

1022

1045

1032

984

1040

959

900

1018

1023

976

1049

1031

916

10

1016

948

1017

11

1024

925

1045

12

927

907

915

13

957

914

972

14

947

1044

990

15

1000

( )
.

( )

:( R- bar ) anbi :a@ba

:paa
16

Control Charts

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Variables Charts for Subgroups

Xbar

Chart

17

(1

( 2

Stat

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

1
2

Observations for a
subgroup are in one row
of columns

(C1, C2, C3 )

Xbar

Options

18

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Estimates

Rbar

OK

19

OK

(4

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
Xbar Chart of C1; ...; C3

1100
UCL=1078.4

Sample Mean

1050

_
_
X=1000

1000

950
LCL=921.6
1

900
1

8
9
Sample

10 11 12

13 14 15

:na

(13)

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
:

Row Statistics

Calc

20

( 1

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

. Mean

Input

( C1 ,C2 ,C3)

.variables

(C4)

:Store

OK

result in

C4

( Mean)

21

(2

Control Charts

(C6)
Worksheet

xbna@u@ja@a

(3

Standard deviation
Range

(C5)

22

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

( )

CL =
= 1000

:(CL)

1000

: (UCL)

UCL = + (A2 R )

= 1000 + (1.022 76.67 )

= 1078.4

( C6)

Factor for X-Chart

] 1.022

: A2

(n=3)

.[
23

:R

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

: (LCL)

LCL = (A2 R )

= 1000 (1.022 76.67 )

= 921.6

.(S - bar) anhi : bra@ba

:paa

Control Charts

Stat

Variables Charts for Subgroups

Xbar Chart

( 1

24

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Xbar

(2

Options

25

Estimates

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Sbar

OK

(4

Xbar Chart of C1; ...; C3

1080

UCL=1070.4

1060
1040
Sample Mean

OK

1020

_
_
X=1000

1000
980
960
940

LCL=929.6

920
1

900
1

8
9
Sample

10 11 12

13 14 15

:na
26

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(13)

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
( )

:( CL )

(1

1000

CL =
= 1000

: (UCL)

( 2

3s
UCL = +

n
3 40.36
= 1000 +

= 1037.4

.[(C5)

:(LCL)

27

:s

( 3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

3s
UCL =

n
3 40.36
= 1000

= 929.6

.(Pooled Standard Deviation) anhi : rbra@ba

:paa
Control Charts

Variables Charts for Subgroups

Xbar

Chart

28

( 1

Stat

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(2

Xbar Options

Mean

Standard

1000

.[

deviation

29

Estimates

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Pooled Standard
Deviation

30

OK

OK

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
Xbar Chart of C1; ...; C3

1100
UCL=1077.7

Sample Mean

1050

_
_
X=1000

1000

950
LCL=922.3
1

900

8
9
Sample

(13)

10 11 12

13 14 15

:na

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
( )

CL =

:(CL)

1000

(1

= 1000

: (UCL)

31

( 2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

3 (S ) pooled
UCL = +

3 (44.780 )
= 1000 +

= 1077.7

: (S ) pooled

(n 1)(s12 + s22 + ......... + s2k )

K (n 1)
(3 1)(30200)
15 (3 1)

(S ) pooled =
=

= 44.780

3 (S ) pooled
UCL =

:(LCL)

( 3

3 (44.780)
= 1000

= 922.3

[ S Chart ] ba@aa@@Z@bbq

.
32

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:z

(9)

.(9)

. R Chart
(S

Chart)

:
.
.

: ( ) nv@ba@aa@@by@ :a ba
:

(S Chart)

UCL = B6
CL = C 4

LCL = B5

C 4 B5 B 6

:[4] br
33

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Chart

(7)

(6)

(5)

(4)

(3)

(2)

(1)

960

974

1000

1020

1005

1000

951

991

1030

967

1009

1004

955

1013

994

998

988

1002

989

971

1006

980

975

989

988

977

971

1008

975

980

995

958

962

970

996

964

1030

1027

961

960

968

1026

996

970

979

988

965

956

988

993

1009

952

1008

1000

995

983

962

1023

984

965

959

978

971

1009

1014

970

1024

1021

989

950

10

1003

1012

1022

965

993

959

987

11

1029

969

1023

1011

998

953

972

12

972

978

1019

1011

975

960

961

13

955

1009

1021

976

991

1006

1009

14

969

983

1000

953

1028

982

954

15

1028

961

987

1028

1016

986

981

16

979

1021

984

1018

1000

968

992

17

957

1008

1014

956

1002

1004

963

18

1024

986

957

1030

972

951

966

19

981

959

1024

966

1020

1004

1018

20

:la

34

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

S Char

( 20 )

S - Chart

:paa

Control Charts

Variables Charts for Subgroups

( 1

Stat

1

Observations for a
subgroup are in one row
of columns

2

(C1,C2,C3,C4,C5,C6,C7)

Options

(2

35

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:
.(20)

Standard deviation

OK

OK

S Chart of C1; ...; C7

40
UCL=36.12

Sample StDev

30

_
S=19.19

20

10

LCL=2.26

0
2

10
12
Sample

36

14

16

18

20

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
:(CL)

CL = C 4

= 0.9594 20
= 19.19

UCL = B6

:(UCL)

:(LCL)

= 1.806 20
= 36.12
LCL = B5

= 0.113 20
= 2.26

: ( ) nv@ba@aa@@c@by@ :bra@ba

(S - Chart)

.(S - bar)

:
UCL = B6

s
C4

CL = S

LCL = B5

s
C4

37

:a@ a

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:
.

:bra@ a

. Deviation Pooled Standard

UCL = B6

(S ) pooled

:S

C4

CL = (S ) pooled
(S ) pooled
LCL = B5
C4

: (S ) pooled

(n 1)(s12 + s22 + .........+ s2k )

K (n 1)

(S ) pooled =

[5] br

S Chart

.[(S - bar)

:la .

:paa
38

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Control Charts

Variables Charts for Subgroups

( 1

Stat

S Options

39

(2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Standard deviation

Estimate

40

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(3

OK

OK

S Chart of C1; ...; C7

50
UCL=43.85

Sample StDev

40

30
_
S=23.30
20

10
LCL=2.74

0
2

10
12
Sample

14

41

16

18

20

:na

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
: (CL)

CL = S
= 23.3

. (23.3)

:
UCL = B6

: (UCL)

s
C4

= 1.806

23.3
0.9594

= 43.86

:
LCL = B5

: (LCL)

s
C4

= 0.113

23.3
0.9594

= 2.74

[6] br

:la

S Chart

.[ (S ) pooled
42

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:paa

Control Charts

Variables Charts for Subgroups

( 1

Stat

(2

S Options

43

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Estimate

(3

OK

OK

44

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
S Chart of C1; ...; C7

50
UCL=45.33

Sample StDev

40

30
_
S=24.08
20

10
LCL=2.83
0

10
12
Sample

14

16

18

20

:na

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
:(CL)

CL = (S ) pooled

(S ) pooled =
=

(n 1)(s12 + s22 + .........+ s2k )

K (n 1)
(7 1)(11599.8) = 24.08
20(7 1)
: (UCL)

45

Control Charts
UCL = B6

xbna@u@ja@a

(S ) pooled

C4
24.08
= 1.806
0.9594
= 45.33

:
LCL = B5

:(LCL)

(S ) pooled

C4
24.08
= 0.113
0.9594
= 2.83

[ R Chart ] a@@Z@brbq

:@b (R Chart) a@@y@lby@n

:

: (CL)

CL = R

(UCL)
46

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

UCL = D4 R

(LCL)

LCL = D3 R

:
.......... +

. (K)
)

]=

[(K)

: D3 , D4

.(

[7] br

(R - Chart)

: la

(4)

(3)

(2)

(1)

970

1009

989

969

989

988

977

971

995
1027

985
968

962
960

970
968

3
4

979
952

988
1008

965
1000

955
995

5
6

984

965

959

978

970

1024

1021

988

47

:R

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:paa
:

Control Charts

48

( 2

Stat

Variables Charts for Subgroups

(1

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

1

Observations for a
subgroup are in one row
of columns

2

(C1,C2,C3,C4)

R Options

(3

Estimate

49

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

OK

OK

R Chart of C1; ...; C4

UCL=93.0

90
80

Sample Range

70
60
50

_
R=40.7

40
30
20
10

LCL=0

Sample

50

(4

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(R .

Chart)

:na

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
:

:(CL)

CL = R
= 40.57

:(UCL)

:(LCL)

UCL = D4 R
= 2.28 40.57
= 92.4996 = 93

:
LCL = D3 R
= 0 40 .57 = 0

Attributes Charts ba@a@Zbra@a

@@

[ P Chart ] ja@paya@j@@Z@c

51

Control Charts

(n)

xbna@u@ja@a

(K)

P Chart

(CL)

CL = P

UCL = p + (3)

LCL = p (3)

p (1 p )

p (1 p )

(UCL)

(LCL)

:
.

:p

:z
[p]

. ( n K ) (
. (K) (

):

):

[8] br

52

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(15)

2
4
1
5
2
6
2
3
1
8
4
7
5
2
4

(50)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

P Chart
.4

:la

: paa
:
53

(1

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Control Charts

Stat

Attributes Charts

54

( 2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

. Variables

:
P

( C1)

Subgroup sizes

.(50)

Chart Options

55

OK

OK

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
P Chart of C1

0.18
1

0.16

0.14

UCL=0.1231

Proportion

0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06

_
P=0.04

0.04
0.02
0.00

LCL=0
1

8
9
Sample

10 11

12 13

14 15

:na
]

[(12)

(10)

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
(P)

(CL)

:(0.04)

CL = P

= 0.04

UCL = p + (3)

p (1 p )

(UCL)

0.04(1 0.04 )
= 0.04 + 3

50

= 0.1231

56

Control Charts

LCL = p (3)

xbna@u@ja@a

(LCL)

p (1 p )

0.04(1 0.04 )
= 0.04 3

50

=0

: z

[9] br

] . P Chart

:la :

.[

: paa
Control Charts

Attributes
:

Stat

Charts

57

( 1

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

Chart Options

(2

OK

58

OK

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
P Chart of C1

0.20
UCL=0.1862

Proportion

0.15

0.10
_
P=0.0747
0.05

0.00

LCL=0

8
9
Sample

10 11

12 13

14 15

:na

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
(P)

. ( n K ) (

:(CL)

)=

0.07466 = (50 15) (56)

0.0747 = P

CL = P

= 0.0747

(UCL)

59

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
p (1 p )

UCL = p + (3)

0.0747(1 0.0747 )
= 0.0747 + 3

50

= 0.1862

(LCL)

p (1 p )

0.0747(1 0.0747 )
= 0.0747 3

50

=0

LCL = p (3)

[ NP Chart ] ja@paya@@@Z@bbq

(n)
:

(K)

NP Chart

(CL)

CL = nP

UCL = np + (3) np (1 p )

LCL = np (3) np (1 p )

(UCL)

(LCL)

60

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:
.

. ( nK ) (

. (K) (

:p

):

):

[10] br
(100)

(10)

7
4
11
8
15

2
3
4
5
6

6
10
5
3

7
8
9
10

61

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

NP Chart

:la

.6

:paa
:

Control Charts

Stat

Attributes Charts

62

(1

( 2

NP

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

:
. Variables

( C1)

Subgroup sizes

.(100)

NP Chart Options

63

(3

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(4

OK

OK

NP Chart of C1
16

14

UCL=13.12

Sample Count

12
10
8
__
NP=6

6
4
2
0

LCL=0
1

5
6
Sample

10

:na

64

Control Charts

CL = nP
= 100 0.06
=6

xbna@u@ja@a

(6)

= 6 + 3 6(1 0.06)

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@

UCL = np + (3) np (1 p )

: (CL)

(UCL)

(LCL)

= 13.1246

:
LCL = np (3)( np (1 p ) )
= 6 (3 6(1 0.06) )
=0

] NP Chart
.[

[11] br

la :

:paa

65

Control Charts

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Control Charts

NP

Stat

Attributes Charts

( 1

:
. Variables

( C1)

Subgroup sizes

.(100)

NP Chart Options

66

(2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

OK

OK

(3

NP Chart of C1
16

UCL=14.80

14

Sample Count

12
10
8

__
NP=7.1

6
4
2
LCL=0

0
1

5
6
Sample

10

:jaa@@qra@a@lby@
:

: (CL)

67

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

. ( nK ) (

)=

(10010) (71) =
0.071 = P
CL = nP
= 100 0.071
= 7 .1

)
= 7.1 + (3 7.1(1 0.071) )

UCL = np + (3) np (1 p )

: (UCL)

: (LCL)

= 14.8

:
LCL = np (3)(

np (1 p )

= 7.1 3 7.1(1 0.071)

=0

68

Control Charts

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ua@jaa@a

. ( Xbar R )

. ( Xbar S )

Minitab

:z

:(12) br

(X-bar Chart)

69

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(10)

(4)

(3)

(4)

(2)

[ (n=4) (k=10)

(1)

659

666

687

620

585

524

585

501

567

686

701

673

628

572

726

546

643

659

984

494

582

664

755

595

693

664

710

619

353

614

723

630

612

533

791

482

503

626

524

706

10

:
. (Xbar - R)
. ( Xbar S )

: la

()
( )

[ Xbar - R ] a@@a@@

()

:paa

70

Control Charts

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Control Charts

Stat

Variables Charts for Subgroups

Xbar-R

( 1

1
2

Observations for a
subgroup are in one row
of columns

(C1, C2, C3,C4 )

Xbar

R Options

71

. Estimate

(2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(Xbar - R)

72

Ok

.OK
:

(3
(4

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
Xbar-R Chart of C1; ...; C4

Sample M ean

800

U C L=780.2

700
_
_
X=627.1

600

500

LC L=474.1

10

Sample
1

Sample Range

480

U C L=479.3

360
_
R=210.1

240
120

LC L=0

10

Sample

:na

(5)

:z

.( Rbar )

:[ Xbar S ] ba@aa@@a@ ( )
:paa

73

Control Charts

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Control Charts

Stat

Variables Charts for Subgroups

Xbar-S

( 1

1
2

Observations for a
subgroup are in one row
of columns

(C1, C2, C3,C4 )

Xbar - S
:

Options

74

Estimate

(2

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

(3

Ok

75

)(Xbar - S

OK

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a
Xbar-S Chart of C1; ...; C4

800

S a m p le M e a n

U C L=766.0
700
__
X=627.1

600

500

LC L=488.3
1

10

Sample

U C L=209.7

S a m p le S tD e v

200
150

_
S=92.6

100
50

LC L=0

0
1

10

Sample

:na

76

Control Charts

xbna@u@ja@a

@ @jaa@a@oiaq@au

(1) a
Sample
Size (n)

C4

C5

B5

B6

0.7979

0.6028

2.606

0.8862

0.4633

2.276

0.9213

0.3889

2.088

0.9400

0.3412

1.964

0.9515

0.3076

0.029

1.874

0.9594

0.2820

0.113

1.806

0.9650

0.2622

0.179

1.751

0.9693

0.2459

0.232

1.707

10

0.9727

0.2321

0.276

1.669

@@

77

Control Charts

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(2) a
Sample
Size
(n)

R - Chart

X Chart

A2

D3

D4

1.88

3.27

1.022

2.57

0.73

2.28

0.58

2.11

0.48

2.00

0.42

0.08

1.92

0.37

0.14

1.86

0.34

0.18

1.82

10

0.31

0.22

1.78

11

0.29

0.26

1.74

12

0.27

0.28

1.72

13

0.25

0.31

1.69

14

0.24

0.33

1.67

15

0.22

0.35

1.65

16

0.21

0.36

1.64

17

0.20

0.38

1.62

18

0.19

0.39

1.61

19

0.19

0.40

1.60

20

0.18

0.41

1.59

78