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  • Lecture 1

    Încărcat de

    K Sandeep Rao
    6 vizualizări2 pagini
    The document summarizes the historical background of quantum mechanics. Classical mechanics could predict and explain macroscopic phenomena, but several experiments involving the microscopic world could not be explained by classical physics. This included effects like blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, and discrete atomic spectra. It became clear that atoms were not the smallest particles and Newton's laws did not apply at the microscopic level. This led to the development of quantum mechanics, which describes probabilistic, non-deterministic rules that apply to electrons and molecules. Quantum mechanics explained previously unsolved problems and phenomena in physics and bonding and reactivity in chemistry.

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    The document summarizes the historical background of quantum mechanics. Classical mechanics could predict and explain macroscopic phenomena, but several experiments involving the microscopic world could not be explained by classical physics. This included effects like blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, and discrete atomic spectra. It became clear that atoms were not the smallest particles and Newton's laws did not apply at the microscopic level. This led to the development of quantum mechanics, which describes probabilistic, non-deterministic rules that apply to electrons and molecules. Quantum mechanics explained previously unsolved problems and phenomena in physics and bonding and reactivity in chemistry.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    6 vizualizări2 pagini

    Lecture 1

    Încărcat de

    K Sandeep Rao
    The document summarizes the historical background of quantum mechanics. Classical mechanics could predict and explain macroscopic phenomena, but several experiments involving the microscopic world could not be explained by classical physics. This included effects like blackbody radiation, the photoelectric effect, and discrete atomic spectra. It became clear that atoms were not the smallest particles and Newton's laws did not apply at the microscopic level. This led to the development of quantum mechanics, which describes probabilistic, non-deterministic rules that apply to electrons and molecules. Quantum mechanics explained previously unsolved problems and phenomena in physics and bonding and reactivity in chemistry.

    Drepturi de autor:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Descărcați ca PDF, TXT sau citiți online pe Scribd
    Indicator pentru conținut neadecvat
    din 2

    5.

    61 Fall 2007

    Lecture #1

    page 1

    Quantum Mechanics Historical Background


    Physics in the Late 19th Century (prior to quantum mechanics (QM)) Atoms are basic constituents of matter Newtons Laws apply universally The world is deterministic

    According to classical mechanics (CM):

    Given initial positions r0 and velocities v 0 , and given all forces F t all the future can be predicted!

    ()

    ! F
    ! ! v t = ! dv =
    dt v0 t0 m

    ()

    ! v

    ! r t =

    ()

    ! r ! r0

    t ! ! dr =

    vdt t0

    !
    ! dv
    !
    F
    = ma = m dt !
    dr !
    dt =
    v

    Physics was complete except for a few decimal places ! Newtonian mechanics explained macroscopic behavior of matter -- planetary motion, fluid flow, elasticity, etc. Thermodynamics had its first two laws and most of their consequences Basic statistical mechanics had been applied to chemical systems Light was explained as an electromagnetic wave

    5.61 Fall 2007

    Lecture #1

    page 2

    However there were several experiments that could not be explained by classical physics and the accepted dogma ! Blackbody radiation Photoelectric effect Discrete atomic spectra The electron as a subatomic particle

    Inescapable conclusions would result from these problems Atoms are not the most microscopic objects Newtons laws do not apply to the microscopic world of the electron OUTCOME Quantum Mechanics!
    Describes rules that apply to electrons in atoms and molecules Non-deterministic, probabilistic ! A new philosophy of nature New Rules!!!

    Explains unsolved problems of late 19th century physics Explains bonding, structure, and reactivity in chemistry

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