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Arruar'd Eautlu rtcstu,qrea lntcglalcl-o! dt.n:leta\!e, (trf .\\): ee'toi. ploced,eul ElbtILt, ie TsnesabligF.LB" Elol Ln aeeet gcnet o iLtEgr.sl6 i! EoEgbte \r plodusa d,-: -,sarcl.nLle ertoltoa! (ttg;I!I.IZ a) cl o dlaElrrnl ile noneint,e:.i ..g. ., (!tg;4Y.12 b) cu o va.rlaflc llntaii, plottusi de aoliunea vilrua-

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nel,a/cta (IY;aa)

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qq(ler ---::-

* ,Z"frn* * "t|+k
:

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DrpE cou se

- = eollanea vtltqellr pe tllleclla deplaaElff 4f : (FJ. daoE AL este o iteplaaale llnlalE al -lc-f daciiA .ri" o lot!le). -tr\ leaoflrul p.roduaa tle acllluea vlltualE unlta^r6 El"= At = rleplasEll reale (oeilErl ds lsazcr) Pe dtreella s _rL)

In eeeastd tBotszi :lelafia (IV.4ll) ae poate pune aub foraa

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flual-er

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T'

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I
I
l,l

In easrl ol,ad nu even cedell de leazene lelatla (IT..42),i oaBdti forna (fTr4t)r obltnllntlu-se.''agtfeL exprest-a ile oaLcd'i
ane! deplaailt pltn Uohl-f,sssll.

Ar

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leBrszlute orsdonata rlia diagrana cu varla-. fte ltnlall nEsulai;E ln dleptul centrului de grutata al .dtagranel da nonorto ll

b'

Deal p.rocedeul Yelaeciobhin aoaetE La a ilraulft suprafala <liagraneJ. d,e Eollante aeltalala (A) cu osdosata (;16) afr diaglsag

I I I

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t176lfurldr&! sEscrati tn dloptul oBtlalct ila groutatc al

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l, i'

-u9Se a911aE,

sDl.tar (E - L) t!' to tlagca.zl dlagrana 6e nonestc &. .* - Be t.rascq:6 allarene \r produaa de Ea.rclnue extelros.le . fl:'
i,

mlatlr dr oalod

in

csE

contla! sq o[a[l

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t,:

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:

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hl'
:

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tolesltrd relaflltr te
o

(If,+?) 91 (IV.q8) i. dt.lntter

Fclrtlu caloqlnl nncL'ilaplesElt plia procedcul EcaElc rillrEl ([s.lfdiefq?!1) .:.. ;aei 8e.rcgo, et3pc19"r. , : : 't,' :: .:, : Do s) Ct* dorfig ge.' detelll.aEn'o .:iilqrl$nalg.,,l|llalE r..,:,. ?. I ..: ii:.i,.lr::i r.- .:: . '" : clta iltlectie: se P[De .1a aeqfl.uae !a!)e.ctlv6, I}o iXflect.ta sell1 ilollta e fo!'A' EBitalE vllccale (P,a I) 9i se'li!a dlersaa ila llonenti ,(E*)., "' "
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A /Lt = tr _ to L -_Z 4- = ladllLnea secllunit eleneatulul
:

.{iv-*1-}"',1

ry.4.:. \ Ogrloulul dsblsEErllor elaetlo'g,.oroduss de varlatiL

de tenocraturs6

'Utlllzta<l aeegte defornafil eleueota:lcs se deduce ex'reeia urel' ileprard-nr elagtlce p:co&rs6 de variallirc de tempera.to; rE, bazatd pe pllrcl_piul deptraeH-rllor rrlrtuaLc:
TAzc

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I,a un eleneot cu seolluae senciriloEl dc Iulgtuc clx I supu6 EDo! varialll <le tenpocatunrE t1 st t2 pe oele dou6. , f,elc (fig. IV- 14 ]J, se r, :, prod.uo d.oud feluri de ;,-.; ! clefornalli:

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ra D,

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Peltlu elgtene

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vaxialia

ued-ie de tenporature:

= aiEia di.agraeel. Nf Fu o zoaE (basd) i -z4z = eria diagranei.,fr-, e* o zod|- (bar6). Senael-e ternlenilo! ztln erc!)resule, (3y_S3) sau, f 1t-S4J plus sau r.i.nrs, dupE. oua efectul l-aria?:ei d.e tenpcratrqi S$. al- ac!Lur,.1i unl_tele v:riuaLe sict sau Eu de acelagi seus"

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Pct eznla atea deplasEr"tlor plaae'de baro 4lltioElatg

7.at
is calel O);
CP)

-ft

Oensldarett4

qsu

r,

,{:t\i-I6)

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sc seblelc, oad!. oE edblelc, a!6c orr cdbrcle), la lpotcza. ooEsiderdrll aoaurilol;i oa a.RtloulhgU. 9f. a apllo&li,sarolailer fn nc&illi fD bara,rtil apa.! .oonal' cf,cttu!1, pr{Ele qa thttndere sag ooolulcsiooc. Fentls dctcrntaa-rea dglilaeitrllcr elastloc, ab utJ. cu.rent ectoda bazatS. pc pltaoipl'al d.eplasEll.Ior vlrtoalc (SELnzL

Ic aocgt H.p d.e aiiloctmi

Iat1a.

bhr-'[axrcll).

Dao5. ec |Lrc ooat alc llgLdl.tatca'nodolllcr, slsteuele,ou zdbrerd elit gtiluctull uultLprs statLc aedaternl.aat'e gl. lezsJ. ' varea ror prio rctoda d.eplaairlrsr aecesitE csaoagtelea intr-o p:eLuE apfoxt'atl.G - a deprasdrirar tutoror ned.ur!.lor to ipotczii od acestca sf.rt artLou.lafil. ra aceet oaE, Bctoda .epl.sdrllol

vfutuare Bu Dal este praeticd 91. se qtr.rlze-26 pcotru deternr.-: u.rca deplasdrl.lol nod.uli.lo!.co prooedcu graflo, criEoscut sub derusi.rea de nepulo, m.lllgt'

= cfoltuli in bare plodusc de aofiuaca sar.ol.rlIor csterLoalc; (t/ = : ef,ortur.l in,balc:ploduse de aolluhea onLtari fr jt vbtua15.1 orrcspuaadtoarc dcplae6rt,L A ; : f J. -A. = lungimea gi respeotiv aria secltunli fieodleL Vr-It barel E = nod.ulul d.e clastloltate. Aolloal1e vl-rtual-e oa:re trcbuldso .puae pe sisten depind dc d.eplasarea el-asficd. pe car,e o calculEn gL slnt J-adloate Ln flg. I\,'-1 a. Pentru oaloulul depl-asdril, unui nod 1; b. Pentru oalcul-u1 dcplaedlli relatlvc diotre dou6 nodtrl n gl ai o. Pentro oalaulul. rotlrll uneJ- bare n-ni d. Pentrs oalculul rstful,l rel.atl.ve ,ttntre dou6 bare B-E 91 n-p. Cal-cuLele se slgtenatLzeazE, Lntl-un tabcl, aga ouo se va ved-ea la aplioa?l-l.

ffi

ffi

ffi ffi
I

ilffi

pent:ru struaturl Ln balelc adrera &per luna1 eforturi cvi.alcr devlac:

:

Re1af16. generalE Uehr-ldarweLl, par't-l.oulaltaatE

,,,ffi
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Ieaanece

in )_ungul bare, atit ef,ortoL rn oit si'i fr, siat coasteate gi ooneiderl.nd cazul cir:d lJ-peeso aed.Eril"ej d'e reazeme, relagia de caicur a unei oepias6:1 erastr.oe rl; k
ferna:

F[ 87" - LI-87 -" fiecd-ret

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Se-nul plus Eau Elgqs rezult6, dup6. cun ctortattze

166

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187 :.

tru o acsGagi
1

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SE,

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toate aceeag!. seolluoer A=]Oa30:gGOon< CalosleXe slDt oeotaaL1za.tc tE tabclul fV-2 lcare .ouprlntie: - ceL.Ir2 - caracteEl-stic1 gconetrloe ale baeelar; ' - eof.] - eforturi prod.use de laoEloErtla exter!.oafll' - aot.! - efoltuli- produee de acliutea unLta-Ee rriltuaBare1e au

armat ou E = 2 x 1o6 t/a,Z)t

-y, : J!51Ji ' ,g

(oonsiderinci grin&i d.in beto,n /9 va fi

lrqe .= j?? x ;t.tis cn .,? x lOE' -'. -- ro-5 n =

Id.

I,cel .4 gt'6 - oaloEte efeotuate peqtru plas5r{i -1l,

(fig. lv-t? t,].

qL E:'j

d.eternl-na.noa,AC;,;i

Eforturllc slf 'fi

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r* a ":'.?'V,'!,J/ l.z - tlil tfla L fif,

-188r
F!,eaar

--

r89

e Ieg{turi supU.nentar5;, frp$afoa inslr.aepf"eerea dupi dJ.reolia ei, deoi pe,.ll.ngiir'Eere:).eouatii:de,echl-r,. ..:eteatl.cd :.' :,.,t= " : l'ubru etatlol .nar. ap*'eauagir.le de'echllibru erasflc .u1

.:'[4=ogl'.respec1rLvon=.o.(Fle./.l.asib) ,,
,

"o6.;it'

I I I

CATJCIL(N STRI'GTUR]IOE SfASTC TEDEfWMNT',qE

S3Ifr

UESODA FOR|IS!@ C4FOBI'TIBIT,OB)

Daoi se noteazg. fu genenal cu:n tundrul totall d" r*t*,ai' rlegd.turd. gt:cu"e'rrluu5ruf. de: ecuatll'de ecbl-liblu statlc ,arstinc.':

. hia

in cadi e., ci: l;a:.e 'l.r s:c.i i-r,;::t c rirstr;ti:. 1. Coqslderatii .teoretioe

tnteleg sictne1e la

r*" 91 ef,o:rturlle ln toate sectlun!-le 5e pot """ojluaile . oice foloslnd eoualille de echLllblu sta-tl'c. Structurile static tedeterninate slnt aoele etruoturl Iq cafe reacllun!-le 8i eforturJ.l'e dfu orlce secllune Du se pot ternlaa nuqaa cu aJutorul- ecuatlllo! ce eohillbls ststic, ci''c neceEa! sE apeldo }a un nundr Ae ecuatil de eoblltblu l".s:ic cdror runEr este egal ou numErul de legEturi euplinentare tatE de cele Decesare pent:ro aslg:uraree nen19c6:rll ln pJ-an sau i! spatlu. De exemplu, Ia grinziie ,itn fig. \''.1"a 6i -b, EumEaul lelor de legiturd (reacflunl) este egal ou pat"u'r decl pen detetninarea lor au slnt suflclent.e cele trei eouallL de Ilbru static.

te Gare 6e pot so-rie pentru uD sr.ste@., pot Exista urnd.toarur. sltuaflLl a) It = e - stgtene gtatJ'o,deterntnatei b) 1{ < e - eist6m" olo"r"tfo"l o) f >, e - alstene staH.c" nedeterminate, i ':, -: 'rl
'.

.
,-

ritl
at' l'.1

trundruL de legd,tull :sriplfunente.rer ca"racterizeara gradul de

aedeterniaale statroE ar struiturtl sl se deternloe a."i o, "!lafia n-f_e -,.. r,,";r:., Prl.aclpiilI d.e rezolva-re a unut sisten Static nedeterminit plln metoda.f,ollelor..este u:raEtoldl: 3 Se suprLmli ua numdr de'-:,leg5tuli suplirt..biare Ef in f o.r: . 1o:l se lntroduc EecoDoscuteLe . Xi care pot fi fo:i;, s;iu stl,-r1tu:el . Se sorlu apol ecualllIe.d.e echillbrr: elastic, .?:r.r:c e:{Drl_ n6 oondillile .ca d.eplasd.rile elastice dupe dlrec;ia le8r-:tirriio: eooase, gi,.f,ie egale. ou, zeroru.dlca: aAspe/er') ',, AX'r-9 . Abeste deplasdrl 6.lastice 5rot fi al'-+clute sau lelaflve, d.upE cum legdturlle ..o._o sint exterlo.aie . sau, i.lterioaie. -- :: Peatru oadlul 4rn itsura .. de. erenplu, c6re are. t!_di Ieg5turl suplinentare, dacd.se suprlno5. incastrarba din 3 ei j" inLocutesc cele tlei legdturi colespuozdtoeJe cu :o=3"fu ,ru ,

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aeourosoute x1 , Xe , Xs r s obline sistecul sf,atic deterataat dJ-n fig- -zrb; actisnsr.; tre sarcinlre .e-rteri-r oa:ce gi de necunossutele Xt. r lzi ',r.r'rii; .ij,
tegS^turE

I I I
(at

-191,l

^, Tt"pe1c dc aalorrL peEtlu leaolvalea u!el, ltrcctult ltet!.o ;:lsdetsruloate, Brin uetsda forlelor1 aint uraiitoarle: l. StabilLrea gradolul d.e nedeternlaare sietica, 2. A!.cgerca elcteuulul d.e baai. !. SorLerea sl.atenslui ie ecualLl de eobllibru, eLastid. 4. lllasrlea cu-aglo.elor de eforturl produse d.e aollunlle uaita.re X, = I g!. de ea"rcllile exterioare, pe sisien,ql

I I I I I I I I I I

rg izi
sigten Q9 bazi sau aeootat. n"T'l5.ditEn condgia ca deplaear elastiioL dtrpE dl-lecfLa neouuosoutel X, s6'fie egali. oo r Aceaste, d.epl.aegre1 eete ptodusE. d.e- Xt , X, , XS , 'absc.C A tl =drtrt+dr"xa+d1,x',+AtP'
uader
wtt

=o

atatto d,eter.n1Dat. 5. Caloulul ooclioleotllsr E; 91 a termeotlor Ltb*L !ip. 6. Verifica-rea coeflclenlJ.lol 91 t""r"nilor llberl.. " 7. Bezolvs.rea slstemulul d.c ecuatll (determi.aar& Eeooros, cutelor XX). g. lDraearea dlagra.@el! d"e efortull (frfrtr) fiaele .9. TerlfLoarea dtagramelol de efortq.rl' fiaaLe
rre bezE

= depLasarea ,lupd. rii:eclia recueose,Jtei Xl,

p

d.eX,=L
3,. = cleplasarea dup5, drleo]la EouaoscqteL X.,
Te= r

Arp=,*n *sgrea dup6 dfureofla oeoulosoutel Xrr

de'sancLrl.le'exteri.oa:e,c p. I$ aod. analog se-sc.riu i'ecue ce' exg:l.a6 condl.fi.l.Le ca dep1aeEl1le elastloe drrpE ,t{; EecuDoacotelor X2 ei X, sE f,1e uulg, adi'oEr

f . Stabfflrea eraAqlul de . St1lnd oi' on ooatur perfeot iachl-s .este i.e i srl' stati.c rlledetelellat (fig., lJ,.!.a)p Ee poate gtabilL o relaf 1e, pelrtrE ilcl.aterniae-rea gradulul d.e nedetermLnare statici, bqzatEi pe .EuuI de ooat'rrnrL gl. eluEc:

tfr:|tr',

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a,IM-Mj

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Crnd ce ilEe ooat gl &c altc lafluecterse atlcgge tcc!t!-en$ oolreaDuDlltori rga ouE' se va vcdea Ia dlferttc tlpurl 4c atcEc-

':

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turi. Intagralclc d5.n cxprcslila cocflclcnl;ilor g! tcrnclilo.! libell. Ec rerolve cbp6 proccdcele aaallaate l:r oap f'.i '(be!c qu r coaatan| 6. YsrifLoalea ooeflcicntllo! el teruenLlor libcrl.. e) Iellflcarea coeflcleotll.on PeBtro prfuDa verlfl,ca^rr s 9ui!az5 to!I' ooeficl"etl-t sistenulul. cle ecua!1!r n^ i (r = lrzr,..D) E_ di' = s,
I I

tuturor telEenilor llberl f,rebuie sd ftre egald cU valoarea en relallaj ''iV.r.t ; Asf calaulatB .:i-.1. Calaglttl . t, uaturllog EuBq6 !q -alt -aci'itrq{t a) GaLcllul- La va:riatlL dle tertrerF'i;u:rd. :. :leeperatEla aofloneazH' asupra. stluctqril oa o: sarciad exterLoerd, dlect fu aoeet o&z Ee oaaif,le'd d.oa! teMentL llberi ioarb tt'" uiteto.iltrr si.stelgEtr. ile eGualti de EohiXibrc elaEtrio,
ras. f$!&E,r

t 6;; xi + ait i.t {o

uDAe!

=o

(l

l' 2, "'

n')

Se calcul-ea.zE. apol- valoaree.:

/'t

Ait = depLasanaa e,llaeflc5' dupH. direclia jr'ecunoscutei X1r Produii de valLatilla de tenperaturi. De la oapltolul "Cil:''+ ouLol cteplaeErilsr elagtlce'r este cqnosouil erpresia ur plasErl prodcs6 d.e veriaiille de tenperaEurd:
. .

t ^ ot'=LJt o* = or. -f E2 I

-Ait .,4at

z,,,, sdF ot--;!-

9fr

llsunatE a tutEror dlagranelor drtc de acliunLle X1 = l. Dao5. 31 = 82r laeeo-tcE. oil to!1 ooeftotenfll rl sint eoreoll. Deoi rrq, ae f,ao vellfl.odll pe eouafl.l, peatru r ', deglsta codflclenfll greglli. rr fleoare eoualtlZeats Deoe!.r
&1a6rana ca:

Es fllnd

EaAe.

/'-t

r pt.fr3 F ^ L d:,'- d." = Z JI tt:! I5 dx Et I

;
,

"(l'.6)til,

&t = coefic'nelt d.e dllatare teroi:rd linia-rE; it, = teraperatula ped:lel ?F r seprafaf a ii-sgranel de f cr15 a--rial5. fri j d1 = d.ifererfa de teaperetu3ii 11 = i.ttd3.gi:nee secfiunll" batel; 9F = sup:rafala dl*grasei ile moaente -M-,

b) gertfl.oanelr terrlell,lor llbertr Termenli Ube,ri etnt coreelil dacE,e

'n

b)

fe_l

r'-rl.t

le.-*_eEir1__ {tq_raeaer! e.

.=1

Z aip = Asp = yJ[--Ez-btI'

4*
'1'll

Filraa e':ua!ii]-ar oansaf.ce dlc ue{;tda forfelor cind *Irr$otgra Ese eedi.E'i d.e :reaserEo este:
i=t

Z i.j xi = 7 4, + EExAr r0

tr\

(t=t.e

.';i

il l
.

,.

198 -t
:r,,.i

'.* lt$ I

rf II
!'
i

unae:
aa

= oeile-nea de :eeasem ilupd d,l:rec!l.a aeoorosoutel, Xi'fii

il
I

Rr = reaotiuDea proddrd

ln slsteroul

ete baaE

de ao!io-',

2. Problene lezolrate l. Se ae tf,aate dlagranele de efoltur1 trt Er X pealco eailcul laadrcat ce i! tl.gural '!.6..r'

rea Xt = li

*rh

il iI
i

il r+

!l

I I t I

Ar = oedanea d.e leaaen dupl d.irea!{a reaclluali Fr -' :'i ge aglalleazl au o va.lrlafie unl; o) @ !ora!. ile te p-eratgrd' de - (I5o + 2Oo). Decl1 ini cazul gerreraL al unel struoturl inc6raatE ctl sarolni extersloe:re 91 su-pued la actiunea orei val!.afiJ- d.e teu'p'eratur{'gl la oedErl, de reaalae, f,graa cano:ricd,i a siste- ; ti eulul de ecuattt.eh letofla fottlelor e8te!
'

xz'l
[,,

-'

(a)
Fg.! -:.,i

l=t ,. :.

dri

,1

aip

+ Ait :Tai +tdxax

l. StabtlLrea gracltlul ile nedeterloirale ctatlcil n =tj K -ES=VxL-l=2 2. llegerea gl-gteqqlsi de hz6. B' . Se ellnl.sE ce1 col Eepasll dln. artlculatlr ge fuloouicss ou llecqroscutele I, Fi 12 qtrc,l , .5"b). t. gcllerea aisteuslst de eouagll . -a6s ^ A7-=drr,* drzr"+aV:o nabscr..A ^ Xz = dzt Xs *
dZ2 XZ

g1

* l):,n

=O

+. Trasa!a dJ.agrenslor d.e o.omeate produse tle acltunLle unltere (frr) ei 6e Earcial.le e*teris.re (5) pe siatequl de lrdi ' (fl.g.; ': .?). J" Calcolol cdefLcienlllol d, eL a ternerj.lor f1berl4f 't $ -o j4/,2 :a-2 ,' jy" -r - r 4xsx i Or,=Z!=+dx:E+=-^-1'" - = -Zf"

r '!

'-i

.ir.

tL

- 20! -l
i

Crloolol te!qeDl'!.o!, Ilboitri

Ap-7[ n,ftp-ax
t

:
__

i'.:'|
53,3

'JErEIo-Er.

_ Txaxtlx

rE m^ ! , ./ Azp = Z | lH.ry_ dx = 77 -? ar4*a 'JEILr.s

'

(o)

(b)

(Obg: ordonata :'dl.o ilrqrtul celrtlufof de 6reutate a diagraaei ["r mEsurate fu Ee ertc zcro) 6. Vell.fl.cqrea coe*lcLer]l1or gl a telruelilor ll.berl . Se iraseraE d!.ag=o-a de uouelte E" aduaind algebrlc
ondonetele eoreapoazltoale dla dlagranele
Obgr

tlausltJ.lear a

d.ooE

cu nele!!-e:

E Ur EA (ffg.i .?.d) dJ.agrac.e trapezoldale se ya fasl

r
[f,r

ft. r"-:':';;2

*lI

(c)
Ea

-'-M
(a)

*ut

ne

+=ri$r.=

Z:'*

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F?

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t.

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4i,T f,.r -5T r 5 ii2=i j , b .-L '97'i La + l?s) t2 =-2,2J

'I

-zo7_

I I I I I I
I,
j:

Bezolvlnd' al-etencl Ce ecualti oblineg:

I''L = Orl4J tf

g1 I" = 0roBI tf,

Cs aoestg valol!' se traseaz& Clla6ramale <le GfortuiEi din ftg. \i'A2 .

-5

s
ts*

(o

3t e_ a,ili"it
t
ll

f--F
I I
I

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th. rh

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$a we lua acelagi el.atcrr de ba.zd., ca fu' e=enplele

pseodo!ts
eupi

t:-.sd re trargec 4tigr;;ia de;eforturt,;ta rtilit*" bd La slultoaletc ocdEtl de leanilc '(tig. i .tSl it f1 = 2oof; ,oaranl

.l

= lezt = QOI rn . ID lpoteza esdl-ri,lor dc rearl.nerslstenol dc aouattl mctoda f,erlclor ester zJ;i x7 = 7. ai -r E Ep Ax
U4

X^=1

aUD

Fgl v.l4 GoefloLesttl. tri etat oel oaloola!!, e.nterios (c,; diegreneie a'l' 31g1 V.7 )s adlell: d,

=./t!:L Jzz:#
SLetcttrEI d.c ecoa?i'l ester

drr=Jr,=-#
+ Fr, ft "+ Fa,o

fr. r, +dtzXz : 7 " O *F.'V ) do l.r xt + F dazXz --/.aa +F,*fl lua 50u:
{ ,'4r 2
I

l;f ', *,

"-ftt x2: rx4oa +s ' Zfrfikt'x eot

rrc. t.L) JI

I
,

t#

* #* ^F-

*t*

i*^1L /&

J-

r+r,r x.L - 57,5 ra - o,r94 sru : o I :z'e E\ + ?2r5 x* + oloa5 Bru = o

Sezelvj.ird.

eletn$t

d.e

ecual1l' ee BbtJ.rlar

E, * Or6Cii3l EIo ga orooll? 916 =

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Cu eoegts
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vsls.lll es traesalE d.lagranelc

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De,.l:Y""* ouEssoutclol (prece.deul rroentru!.ul lelastrol . ': . :: ..... r :. . ,, . 9-.. erupEul;ila:-lesusoaoute. Sotgstrea, oT sie tene d.e. bazg. statlo ned.etelot:oate gau gleteoe. cfaegatioe f iu. --- H
,_

puncturui de

aprloaft;;:

&ireofler

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. 1.. eondlderatli teoretice. o etruqrurl este si,*e,.rlod fat' rie ;;, tiacE iad.epll_ EeFte condtfl{le dal 1) stnetrie Eoepl_otl (d.ln puact -l de vedele aI IegEturtlcr); 2) aioetee1e geoaetll.oE (ara. puoct <ie vedere "r io"*"r.: j I) etuetele elastx,od (aro eo39t ce veaere-;1;""oertstlc{lor eecilooLl _':Iri etc.,t_ . 9i atr
,

aaterialului).

,.,:

eete sialetricE, 6e poate faae .reaolo*a"l :tunaL pe Jundtate <ie et:ructura (segistlucturE) ,i' o1 p:sotic urn5toa:sele patru "";;;';sazurl! Ca.rr,rl f. "tr*"r;.,r.f r-"0=""*r- rl, -.-'ir:i::'!o' ra cale axa de srnetri.e ts.r.e o bar,E. (fig. I r.r";, Ua pi.iact A de pe e=a de eisetrler dupd treforugrefi st:'ocrr,:il i;roii.usi. d.e sarci:jlle e:rteE loarsr ejr:rg:e in Foaipia Ar, d.eei cep&tE iix.&gteane:!-s depl-agirl:
_

DacE eteucir rra

It = Q (d.eirlaea.laa pe oltaontafl); ,s.l v.4t t/p O (deplaearea pe velH'oall); f = O (ulgh!.ul cu oale 6c rotegte eeagiqaea balcl ). Deol ae poatc lua Jultate da etruoturE 9i f.n seclluoea I ee Lnv:.odqos o laoaatrare gltsaatd; oa.rc pemlte doal deplasalea po.vert!.oafa (ftgl V"4 b), sl.atenEl ile basd peatru oalsslul eaeetel eesisEuctsli flLnd. ool arn f*JVZ:q cl . _ Gazul EE. Eltruotsld. fnoErcatH. slaetrlo, Ig, oale ara dE f,eLnetrl.e tal.e ur stilp (ffel V.Af e). rn deforrirata st*usturll produsE. de garolnlre erterl.oare, (frg.,-v_2] b) 3 poEotur l. su oap6tE. alei o d.eplaeare eragttolt d.eelr tt:1f =f=O fn cobsecfut{rfo punotul .f, ee poate Lntroduce s fncagEa_ ro perfectE, ce fopled1.cE toata cele trej. deplaeErt ElagtLcc. 9e Ercete decl luera po sanl'etrustqte. din f.q$r ?.21 cl Lulndu-re
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.:

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i-

1<t -

,l
. !.31.2. Proc eceul

-lnags:qgl*gl. necuaoscutelor ir

cestvu=l eleaFtLc Pesirq oadrul iin figura Y.25 a I alegLnda-ee sistea*l -i de bazi din f16ura Y.i5 "br sisteliul cle ecuetii este:

f f,,rh * 4zx2 + J6x3 +aV--o &, *, + f,.2x2+ 4rr"* o.r-o 1 4t ry * d;z\+ d3x3: *.orf :o L

Pertru arulaiea unor coefloten|l latlnll;Deounosouter.e dlp,caBdtul osago!.et 6e tlaasferd pri-a iatebqediul..,upel bare i;]de liglalttate,'triflnlte, (I .= oo )"1 fntlc-ua,puaot ila o'oordolate . o Fl d., pe oare tI vom lauml .oelrlu, elastLo (fl.gj y-:l6ra). lfiutLnd origi_uea elstoqutul de axg:rof f! acest pulrat, expreeltle nonentelor produee de X., = g ratr-o seoliune r. de ooordoriate ,,., ,rtiu},;]j;ll,liu]>t,*,

urm6toarele:

Ei--y;
F..r.5

fra*ixiEr=a

RaportuL se noteazd. cu dw S:i se Duneqte saroini * rr elastLoE -r' elenestar!, l-a-r saxclnlle elastlce totale vor f1:
.:iwr:

73. v.25 J'

= {i tt,
Sxpreeii Le ooeflqlerafJ.Lor sint ulnE t oarele
:

t ti+zl
o-.

a,,;q"

a,

-J$a,

=-

l:ry

--

tt*

- A^

uEd.e 5o, = monent statle aI sarciaei eLastice in raport cu axaxj \

E
ui=-y

4rlwo:="fi*
=

=If-r,dw :sql
au

M;=t

usde

Soy = donent satloigl sarctnllo:ieLastice ir raport

"tO,=zJEpa,

f+dr

=-I,r)r
f xv : t
mooent de lnerfJ.e

( tsf"i
\!.j/

A\,!

x^.4

cestrifugal aL sarainilor elastioe;

t I
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I I t I

,- ,)) -l
af,,

7zf!?. {#=It26rv =7x _ .tr*

I

i:

zzr

Eri=81ry4ry'4*Yrv

ox;al al serclailoc elagtiee le laport ao aza x I + - 4omert de laerlle axial in raport .oE iuia y ;' 't sarclnilor rv-- rezulterte elaetice.
monent ds irael$ie
.

i..

ale cdror

e *rtrr tlebuie eE fie a:re pri':rclpale de inerllet ec!i{ se oalculeaz6 ou le}allal

*z.c= - 2r xJ =- -Zc!Z'J'*- rx- rt 4,- 4,

Si Xl vor fL dJ.rlJate clupd' axeLe 'pri-rolpale d.e rne:etier' atunol se arouleazl 91 ooeficientul dV 9l sJstenul de ecualli derrinel ' d7r1 +a tP *-a
Dec'irCac.l neqnncsculiele.X,

8e ounoagte ci momelrtel-e statlce 3l raport cu axele p:rl-nc5.pale de laerlle oe tseo prla ceutrul-<te gDeutate sint nule. Ooord6natel.c oeatrulul. cte greutate 8e calcoleagd' cu relallLle I

*.-#

f,rrXz+aep=o
drrxs + Ajp
Observatie,

: ,

Y^ re =4-;Y ZAi.

-o

I
I
l,

f,rr, 4, inseam:r5. a anula nomentealuta coeficlentll Ie statioe ,ox, So! gi aceasta ne araid ca celisul elastio este cbi.ar oentrul de gseutate aI ealoJ-rl.lor eLastiae". eoordonatele centrului elastio se oalculeaaE i! copseol-nld ou relalllle &e caiout a1e unul oeqtlu ae Srestate: drs ( \.L2\" c - )lv1 Y,'::l-:Sax -TA

are cel putin o axi de sioetrie'axe3-e iil cae contrax se renuEia ,prinol.pate se deterrnil4 silapltrr dsl <ieoalece d'etexcle multe ori la aaularea coeficientuluL d72, laborios' EL-Ealea axelor p=tactpale neaesl{;l Qa calcul reLativ
Dacd st:ructura

d=#:+=*
Pxl'D Eutarea aecqDoscqtelor

- Z.rv. :-l-

-JJ

leaz6

ooefieleralll ds si 4s

id centrut elastlcr a cleci sLstequt d'e atre'll

,lllrdn"iurglj

Srrxr + dtz x2 + Atp=O

'f
a 4t xr + {zzr, + 42p-0 d:: xj +' Asp -0

I I I

trebule aluiat 'PeEtru a rkula. gi ooeflcientul dp arai;E ei aomeatutr de inerlie eentrifugal fxy , eeee ce

-84-t '

_2-25i

iffi

v.'l.l :1. Calculul cleolasdrilor elastlog l.oon@

- glupa d -

BeooDoscutele X1r

Ig"....Xu *I

geeattuelXe

corespunzdtoare, pe aoelagl ststen de baaE.e Luorul Eeonnlo. produs d.e acfiunLle vlgteal eB e.ptreedrgile reale, se poate decl scrLe:

it
iffi
rry

Apllcarea rela$5.ei generale de oalcal- a iepiasdri.lor elastioel bazatd pe priltolpiul lucruluL meca:ric 'riltual: (t-=. r'., -. -f p.B (v.il) 7.ai:Lf+4L dx+71\ u-Tn a^+Li --JEA.*JGAJct

Li,o=LiV+Li"p slnt f,i*e, deor nu a,reo d.epl-as6ri dupE c.lrecfiile

Lor
"X.r...X.r..

li'r" lE-)

+:'-d'

Locrul mecanl.o Li"p eete aul , ,deoale leaaenetr

acGuaoeiitgr

Lapune

in general ounoagterea dlagtremeior Fp, fp gl $p pe stiluotura statlc ned.etermlnatd inc6rcat6 cu foriele e:rtelL gt a dlagramelor frt, El gl Et pe structura etatic nedeterqfu: i:lc5:roatE'ou o aolluae rdrtuali unj.tari pe dilecbia depla

In QnseoJ.nfd.: t"'t
' "l , , t 'o ''--LLe : LLP
.

i#fr
:

oEutate. Deter.mirarea acsto! dj-agrame pe sistenrul- statj-c nei.etel oinat , necegltd ur: volum nele d.e lucru gi de aceea se reGurge La folosirea utui aga numlt 'calcul yeciss".

1 1tr. t{i) ' \, \ Ooaforn teorene\reclprocLtd!lL lucru.Iut oecarrlq (e41 t'Vt

I

t-

ifl
ffi

Lrf = Lf.
/ .o \

. ,,i t-rl ''11! -'iB1 '.:

dlecL

' Fle oailrul tlin Sigura V.2?.a incErcat cu sarcioil-e ladlcate, Ia oare d.orim sd oalcul6.n deplasarea pe orlzontal6 tn seolLuaea r-ti.

lolafl.a {V-f6) d"evlre;

:Lip; LiV = 7;r" r-rt'ucit te:raenir

dJ-n

.'v--i

",'i

ffi

expresia, (s-rli

au gi secntfieegri.

-.g

v!]

Incdraares vlrtual-i nltt se poate r5.escoapune Ln

gnupe

douX
.

real5 prtn su?rlmarea unor. leg{tur{, Ib:consecLafE, calculul uneX deplasEri la un sistee static le{ietelni.na.t Ee poe.te calcula i:r urm5toarele treL va.lie_ate: o) a; = y[-48'n- a* : ir. 19 !

Ae l-ucru @eoanio, reaul_td cE se poate cal_cu1a o,deplasale elastl.oS. pe etruotura statlc neCeternLnatd,, foloslnd o dle_ geand pe etiructula nealE static nedei;ern{nat5. (p, sau i) $X diag:ram5. pe o structurE etati.c d.eteraf,natd. ot.tLutd din cea

ffi
o

ilfi

# #
ffi

(c,d)'j i - grupa o - ssyoialle i" gi reacliunile stgtem de bazE staij.c ieterei-naii;

/<i

pe ur

b')

a,
4c

= ZJvB
=

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Observatl-l-.

undel Hf = 4{agrema de mornente proctusd de sarclnile exterloare pe stetenuX statlc neiletarnilatl /Y; = d.lagrama de momente prod'usd de saroiaile exterioa:se pe slgteoul statls detelnilati n: = d5.agcana.dp moqeate procius6 cle aatLuned gnltard vlrtuald pe ststeeul statio ctetercinati 'unitard virni = dLagraraa de momente t-o/.p6[ dle aofl-unea tualE pe slstenul statlo .nedetermlnat.

I) Deoareoe pe eisteme statlo detelnlnate varialille cle tcuperatur6 au prod.uc ef,orturi, iaseanoE c6 tll St Ni sint egale ou zeJso fu relalia (v.tro cj

-J r "^_'^J EA
2) RelatLa r,'t{.g., al a-!e pl!.nit doi te:rnenl ldeotlci ou oel dln (.v..{3 1.,r , iar deplasarea Ait e aceea61, deci:

Ca].cu1u1

ateP

I I I

teuoeraturE

zf Fr4!-dx -+ ftF:gdx *J Er ^J ia-'

5t

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in aoest oaz:
o

Belafl'a practdoE d.e oalour a deplasi'sr.lor erastice prod.use cle varl.alLlle d"e teopelatunE este deci-:
f- r. n, au :Llrlr nrr&r n -J-

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a

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b) Se tlaseazd eiagxana de nomeniie E? p* slstcmul statLe Jdeterninat. 9e ireseaci jiagra4a

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Deol,pentrqdetelmlaalea,[oBgnta]-orreele-relatille(tII 1) gi ( ll.I.jfr trebule cunDscrrte tsoeerrtsie de incaetca'! perf (trl*1pICtlE.gi4oBenieIeprovenitadia!4t!ridenad!rl ei dln cteplasdri ate lanlurlior cleenatice iMI?', olil '' d Fsatlrr alete::nl-4area rRcmeutelor proveclte dio lcttrl nodqs!$ldtadeprasar!aleia!:!|l!i'lorcleoeatiee'aefoloseso ecaaglile de echJllbra stablco trl't a'r Fte cedrr{ dla f,lgula vI .}.a. Dacd asupra noclulcL pf'nE dnd tE capotle' tioaea^46 un noneot Xlr uodnl ee sa roti barelox ce conoard l,a aod, qpal tnoonte a cdrsr srtai zE rosentul 6a tlnda gE" rotessctr riodul I adiod:

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eE deplaeeze

nivelul.

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(w.l')

Ia cas[l lrael gtructult ctl nal nauSte nodari rtgliler ss Ya ecrie clte o ecualie de tlPul 1 r;1 :.*) pentrtr fiecare Eod.

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Deoll La general, ecuatil_Le de eond.ilie dln metoda deplailo.r etat ecualli de ecbilibla statio, ca-le exprilrd^ de fapt llitle ca efortu.llle din regS.turrile suprimenta.re introduse tru blocetea noduliLor gi trnpiedtcalea d,eplasErilor sE fie
81 =O t
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dlrr nodol It

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f4

%te*r,,
3$Josre2tt

zr * rra t":4-

S"oro**

4
o
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# = --o

oro;st, BLZ- o.o817 plZ =

ctln fLaca.re capdt do balers risd r$osestele de l,neastraro pelfeeba. oq BDnntsle provaaite dln rctirl cls'uoclell?
_ =Se dEts.lmind acnu momentele

slz

= TtCrr-

+ EI-z ut - fLz s2
oro19a9

Peat.lu ttasa.lea dlagrarnei de forle forle axialer se consideri fiecare bard. natE inoS.reatd ca sarciaire aferente gl gi s calculEaaE leaotiutile (flg.VI.9

tiietoare 5l a cel.ei d.e ca o ;ri.nda srnrplu rezecu mcmerotere diE capeie arbrcrd).

I I I I
i

lecir
n r=

p*;"$.oloaro tti.= # - $eo,oo+96

.hffi

t.o

$rr*=

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=-

*ltl
@

r EI
F:=

M't,o+sr3.f,11 rr*a-?- S.o'oo496

bl $1t Es' RJ+-* b=*\

r:=

(a)

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N

...

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S.S"ers2tu

orl8o4? pl2
o
: jr,

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lv,L4ss s49
ry3g9De

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ltao4otz

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+ = o, * %+ z2 +Q =

pt

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- $eoroafe ff
'

= -oro6!4 plz,^ ;:ti

11

4eeosty'

rtg. TI.9

a1

Obsglyatll lforaentele ob!5-nute pint nomeate sple nodull. cu acegtea. se trlageasE. diaranaa dia fig. YI'.6.

Rezult6. astfel diaglanq de forf,e f rlietas.ra din diaira,na de fori;a axiale din fig, lfl .Lo b.

"f

i6;. 9I .1c

-,tl4-i ,l
;-.245
-3

csndlttarca eirna lrogeaEelar

AoeEta momente se determtnE dl"u

sod sE fl-o nu16.. Dac6. aeupla uI3Et nod riirr (f,j.gi,iti;f t) abtlon-g,si rin sssstttr , nodui s rre. roil- ylni oind nomentele ce apar ia .>apetsle Lreeonca.lonte l,n nod echLltbrEasd aonentul e=.te'lorr aaiedl

. lh ilsi

s* - uiJ- uru: Sre:i o ' ,' ., ,

saur ur = !Uro.: = o l.-

.sanr f,:.. = o :t.

Fg- YI.Lo
forla t5.ief,oa.ue se anui.eazd rB detolBtae Eonen"ole naritoe dla cinpuli. Aceste oonenbe sint <ltcate ta dlagra..a de monente (flg. 1|-I;.8)r
Cunoscf,ad aecfturille_ u,ude

(:IT i3g)'

/
fij?. rII.LL

D.rri nodul e,e rotegte ou 9r= Lo, monentele os apa! lu capetolo barcloa eint cbtar risltllt[lile absolqti la incovoiese (tabola :,I{f ..I):
i

il *ik -n *l-k -

utj o KiJ
Mlq = Kid

tt *is - *ls -r

TI;2 I Ietotla dietribuiril

Eonantlor
tri:Ee

,l

_rI.Lz.I; stEEattrll ognodull

Conelderatli teoretlce
\

loteste cB o lotLlg galeca_le e,, moneutale lrce apar $'a capet,e!.e bareloc 6 vor Dbtixe 1r!in Eulti;llicalea mo:lieBtelo.r din cagul rotlrit unitafgr' cu valoe.ra cotlrLl !sBective, adicE:
Dac nodu-l se

str..uctnltlbt cE nod[si fixe; nscentul Hr* dlnt.r-uu capEt ele balF: ee obtiue ad5ugSnd la ponentul d,e per.incastirar f,ectE 7iO, soontele ploveolbe cltn lotilllE nodalitor' (Oli %)r
oazuL
aclloS.t

In

**

M;* = E.* S,3 *,) +d Mi. = {i* si

K$o

st

sld = 4-a e:.

Irln rela?iiLo (FI.l2)
boaillt&
cEl

r53 =Jr1o uad6r d# =

(e,)
rnbmentu.L

t:d

*.

utfi -

('!rIlrs)
,.

proveait atn blttr'ea g, a noda}Bi'rLil

tH = mom,ent,rl ploverlt cria

.r.dti.:.+r: 6.- B. noCaLu{ n}ril.

t I
t

- -2116d!:r oa]}otele balelol coacruglxt La nod. ,ge pot determ,i.Ea pri! nultlpllcarea ssrreatuJ.ui !{ir cu EapDartele diEife'll6iditil-i-l.e absoLute-al+ flecd.rui cap6t de bali eI suaa lieidLtEtilol cqpetelor de be-rE ce colcrla ia aod (llgidltatea ;,, aodulai):
'ecj.
c'Enentele

.-

24?

VJ

-,rjA

tvl

' 'r ilq=?Mw

annl& YA*; = ejz - e

,rg VI.12
-Dria cceficient da dr*aneoitel" fit se inle1ege raporiul distra tro4eltrl t.Esnsnl-E gl, ooloeatul. din capitul crle a-a l!oti.!:

Xi-r

- -'frs,
L

K.

r-

E.r*- f *i = - ris

M1

(Y-r.lr)

rits s6 lu&esc coefiaienii de re,pe*rtiile aau Latiye la incoygiere (rotXre) gi dec!!

rr lr:)(?:":.4)

L:

f &

'-lransnis
--?- J!L\

-tt

I I

lik=ffi:q

'F atl-

E '-T

[hr

4St -rL =m=z

(rI.14

a)

V s.iaF

I
I
T

Fentru ver!5lcare, tlebule ca au;:a rigiiiiirdliLor reie.bivo a}.e capeteloi de batd di'itr-us cod sE fie eg.sli c* 1 i E oiX*:). Se obsetv5 ca g ia?i de jeonentul M* ce e.ct!onea.!S sgupfa aoduLu!. lloaantele d1a capebe]o veclae se dei;erlrinE. pria nultiplh ca.Eea rrecunoscut lor repa.ltizatg clr coeficisa i;i$. de irars$it!s!

3n tabe1ulFl .l sl,nt Lailicate valorile coef,lcLenlilor ira:rs:a.itela peot'lu bs.re ca I valiabl.L. Ln cagnl baleL l,reasttaid - e,rticulatE:

de

*Mrto 4rk=G=4:"
,'U

(nI.14 b)

I I
,l
I
I
,l; ri,l
,

' Acqet6a si'Et n.rmj.ta ucnegba bgqqlgqlFe Ft 6e ved6 cd au lael- seisn cq aonante_lo lepa.rliuate.
itotLrrnea cie eoefi.cirieb de transp.itore

3ie geiada.dublu lnoaetlatE, acfi.onatd de o rotire qnftald (sr= l). sub acliqnea rof,illi, Ln capetele grtnz5.t apar nopeafs.Isi N,k o S uf &r = $ {rfg"I"f.tA) i- cazot barei cu I

![etoda ilstribuLrii mo- . ' mentelol, elabolatd dE H.Cross Ln a:ruL 1932 pentru etluctu.rL cq nodu.rL fixep . ee baaeazE pe efectualsa euccesl-vE a unor opeF/Q.'VL.L, leflunl- de ecJrtlibta.Ee a noduliLolt fiecs'le opolallune oonstind din iloud etape: - repartlzanea DonenbulEl, neechilLblat la c.Fetele bateltrl , ,ce concurE in pod, proporllonal cn coef,icieolii aql .r,eparltfie r* rai capebels.E de bard gi. ca setln schlnbab faf& de ,doroentu] neeclriIibratl i\:' tta$Eegte.rga moraentelol in c:rpetel veclne, proporlLonal cu cceficieagii de tla'sniteru 4t gi pa:rcsind nocu:ere ror"ot"icr ropaliizate"

.* 248 .Ftapele de efectuar.e a calculfllui peof,ru yezolv-anea une!

(rnotoda Cloae):

tl
,plolec!ia).

-aqg_
qnte 91 {o rnonente}e d,in eapete)gi dtagra.ua de folte exl.alJ lf.nd, nodu:lLle gI sorlind, relafiile de echlltb^Ett BFin ecualll

I. 8e stabtleg?e aLsteesl de baa5 blocind aoduril.E,

2.
*.,,.,:;ii1

ProbLeme .rszolvate

2.

Se deterel.n6. nonentele de Lncaetrnre pe.sf,eot6

jff

de aa.loiElle extsrloale ps dtstexErl de bazd <fSg9; Sa detelrnLnd r'fgtditEfile ar'solute tra iscovoie.re ( tabela ff r. I.) .
p.FDdrs6

Sii se tlaseze dlaglgoele d efoltuli

Ia

grt-ncta

lontfau5

fl]:l) E*,
_
i:i
,

ttg.i YI.tl4

e"

(rr;r+)

4; Se deterstnd. ltgiditdflte
;

.lelative Xe iaoovoile

..,

5i Se efecttaaaE gl tlanenlterl;
Observ&ttlr

succesiv Ctoes de lepff.!f,ltilii'.

..,11

FgO.ross se pot conside,ra

Va.L4

incheiate abuncl,i;,,: ciad valoa-rea nolaeatelor repa.rtizate rep^rezlntS (A-ilri di! valos;,,,,
.rea nobEntelo.r initiala, b) Ia fLeoa.re nod, ulttaa operafiune trebuie sE fie o .tleparL

a) Echillbra.rile

Fe stetonul de bdia dln iteura., ylil4 b, oblinut plln iltblooaEea lodq!11o!, se calculeasd. momeatEle de lncastra-re perfect6 J/f,gr-nrodqae ale earcinile extelioa.re:

ti tts. 6. se detelrniad aoomeatere finare dlu fieqare capat de barE, plrLn sqlla!ea a.lSeblisa rl t[tu.roE moaenteloF dto capEtul de balE leepectlv (ncneobe de l.acast^ra.e pe.ufaotE, nonenta !eFa'tiza&o,
eo&elrte t.ra.ns&ise).

xu71#Lqi,=
*rr:
%7+=

#=s,yn

bn = 554e

g*

5r4o l:sl6

"*:=

t=#t=

=Z tn e

2ooo f,gn

7' se traeeaza drag"ra-ue de ,annoatel fi.aind cont cE monente16 0bti,,st6 Sint noraeabe epne nodr*i eac sple bale, drrpd carn noneptere de incast.pa,Fe perf,sctE su ea.!e e-au rncep*t opsrafiun'.e de echilibra.Ee err foat consilerate Ia riettd ].ot ca tscns=be spce
nodUll aau aple
ba.Be.

- Se detarmina .el6iditElile abeolute ]'a iqco'yoi!! .! 4Er +E: \, olA = oel= -F = -4- E nir 4SL 4nI t, E o3?=23=T=-E-=or2.EiL

{3{-ry=ry

*or?5EI

8. Se t.ralea-aE diaglana do fo.!!e td.ietoare (cDlrsidefin{ flecale bard eg. o griodi sir'plu leaeoat5 aolioaab6 d,o sascl*ire

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..-

e54

-i

_255_
.apltdndu-ee relapla CT3ir,6) , rezultir g = zE-br 2(a+l)-67+f) = 2 graded.e ltbertate. lluaalrrl gradelor cle libortate sg rtara" BiaE ce ,et.luotara devine ua apsanbla uedefolslabll i.s Lpoteza ci neds.rtle af.nt a.rtLculattl (fle.iYI.l? c) , liuln$.rul ba.Eelo! eupli-oentare iatroduge este ega!. ca ir:rpSrul gradelel de libertate. fa figl.rYIrlTrd ee p,rea{ntd eistenEL de bazE penttn cadr'utr {ia Sfg;i 8.1?, a'' la care e,-au blocat cele patru noduli gi cela doed grade cle libcrbate coreaFunzEtoa.re. deplasirllor ceLor dsqE
nl,veIu,ni.

I I
I
:l

[n tlegpte ll-s,::da c&la[l aa corectea.aE nonestele dln in-s.ptt I-", ({r) or ronnte}e provenite dta, Eepla.sElt t-e,qivele-,i

'l

ellbeleaz5 legEturLle coI : r'l,reap.rm1tstoa!,grladolo! de li-bertater, cl,nd ceLe d,oui. ntvele ae,.,..r ,,{en|1peale,ou,dolrlas5lila roale A, e,t; A, (f,lgiiYli.l6 d) r Obgarnratil oa olivLle Ia cteternlaalea nurnEnu.Lui sraclelol de flbeltate. Pentla aeteluiia.rea nqn5.Eulai gladelor de libertate ee rltose;Oa tleglar ' '' . B=2a-b (8.16) lhater 6 * nnaiircut gladetol {e llbertate; n s ainiiiltrl nodul!,lor; b = aunHlrrl balelorj Fentla caitl,nl. dLa fl6.i ff.f6 a
' :
11
1

ror lr$) ); ' Tn aoeastd eta4rE d.e calcrd

ge

:'

EcuatLile ria ccnditli

Pantru detesmina!a lconnglon proveaite din deplasEltle rrt farrlu,ltle! claenatice C4t 1., se Ec.riu .re3-alilla d.e ecbilibru a

:1
ruT,

8=2 :'.j:; '8=225.a' (YI;rQ I eeta rr-alablle F[ I]entlu oazuL cfnd stracdufillalla rpa;iile.oal legdtqrll ex!9!Loa!e gt reeiEerae elmplercu ouservagr4', ,,.,, lil
.l

-gio6'&

leaEB- s!-qrl.u

latroduc

un aod

it

t.oa (fig.Vl.t? b)

il il il
irr'::

!' , li:.

(a)

Bi.vexels!l;flo.p'qtaecaa$t.1d.e.prol.ect5.epeaive1'fiepria3e!ttlt;dte, l31!tl;!0ocanl.pr:v!!tqiil.r egal. cu aero,tu ftscare glad de'libe.rtats, Ecaalitle de proleelle ee Fcsiu nal eimgtu la structuri-le .ctl.'.nodarlIegaralel'depI.aeablte(cadlecueti'lpiparaIeIi)p o, ia-cl ecualiile de ltrcrltl mecanlc rilttrar se scrid, in.gaaera1 cu [tuntltE peatraisrtce tlp de structalS. ;aeeeas!! Ecuatiile de proieclte pot fl scrise f,ie prin folosL.rea foc|elox A dayiatlet fie plXn fo!.d-ryea folFelor de lunocare.,3e prealntd prlna Taliante de scriere a aceston ecua!!i, e) SS.'iatii dt cplrditb rl
(netoda Fiike.r')

'

| .'.

(d),

'l'
f',
'

I t.
l.,i
I

ng,vffiL?

Prill forte de derlall D{ s iD?elegB foria cale tinde sE d,oFla.soE,a u!.velql rl.n c.iad celelatte alyelux! si,nt inpiecticate sd. so deplas&or

i:

-256ii

obt-a.!

25?,-

so cosvLns aX se constdele for,ta de devialle pozttlv5, at ciod ate eeasal de la stf.nga sp! dlea.pta. ,,.: Pent.ru a se analiaa oodFl de stabill.ne a ecaafitlo.r de dilie iu va'Lanta fo,'ter'! de devralx.e, ro eoasideed oad![f, fig" Yf.I8i a, cale a^!e trei gpade de libortatoj,

4
4"',

rieidttdttle abeolute la iteplasare fli-, (tabetuliff;l) -/4\ Ia plloa etapd, presupuDen sd Ee dE o deplaea.re nlvelulai .ti oE AiIb = X. (ftgi lE.l8 b) r cl,n<! pe benele Lq,; Z-Ji b? ,i-e I oon "p;o"''oor"ot"' t""ioiiatiraler' ca.re'arnt: egpr.e ou ltglr,trtatile,absblqte la asplaeere,,- g;(j) .1'n iE, .' tc.e&l[blind acCste Eonelrte, (at (noroente se oblLa oonontele ![if' , fuor"o[ eahtllbtate dXa defornata:, eob.lllbtate dxa defolnata:I-a). * rr-l . Aceste nonente r{d; gtoaac fotfe de dpvtatte Ia flecele ur(f,') alvel (Eatr DAlt \,1),,,;lt, dalrgoaata: Eu,elnt,!ealel,, deoalee au 'tarrftat ca n,!na!E e uael. dEplasEri ait =]1. Cun deplaeeraaf I, reatE a aivelelul I EEte datE de lefatiffe:(Vf.fZ) , teaultd oE 9l folfele cle tlevialle r.irJ'o:'iot rezufie dtn o"Ie glbtbra.ra, nr}a tlpltoato oq ooeflolentul de,ooieette X1,r adlcE DrIXlr D21i1r
; I

il

il

t t
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(a)

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(6t

Il etqpa II-a
(fleJYI-d8 a) :,.

ge dE o deplasare
fa\

ntvefu].ut fll:puA*!=l

Fli.

sub acliunea sancinilol exterioale, nivelulile stguctooirl se deplaseaid c r Ay AA, A, ale cdlol nd.rint Btnt,iaiiial
cunoscute. De acoea, pentrq Lnceput ee dE

flec6lul. nlvell

sale a'Ebitra'ar dlniod ca urterio! Fe se oo:iecteze aceste aep.risdrr a'rbrtrarle cu liFte coeficr-eafl x1 x, oolesprrnz5.borl',1

ftecErat nivol olte r k,

2fleal = I
n.!eal *2

Aytrtl* . xr
"^7

8e ec,bitlbreazE noraeatele Ql-/ ap5lute ca qltnar a depleselll date Fi ae obftn pousntele eob.lllblate dia dtfornata lf-a ' f \ (t[!f2')i Aoegte nouenGe. ploduc fol]ere de devralre D12t D22t D23t oare oaltlplloate oq coEft.clentul de coleotle E el doplaeatli arbltra.re dtate, oonduc Ia foltele, cle devLafle lea-la la fiacate nl.vel , adte6 Df#a, DZ*a, DrlZ. ':: Se prooedee.sd la nod aoaiog gL cu cel ae aL tlellea grad de libertale dindu-se o deplasa.re nlvelulnt III cq ASb l, (rts. T" Vf.18 d) . Morneatele echLllbrate diq defo.nnata rri-a = t'o.) ) (tr produc l.a cere trei ar.vere forlele de devialre :rearb DiSxT DzrzP

$ q

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In ipoteza cE. depla.sErl-le atbit.ra!e sLnt Lrnita.r, nonentelj ca.!e apa! in fiecar.e capat Se bar*, ar:treaa!& , in daplaeale sint

Dllxl' " ' ,r" *.ugE acegte f,o.rfe de atsvtattee la fiacale nrvet errgtE, l Ft foltels de deviatie prod,uee d6 BalctBl-le exterioale Fl DoEetF tele din treapta I-a (Ut), aotare ca Df, O!, O! . Pentru eohllibrul fntregtL structull ste Eecesai ce fo!?eie

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I,f, = Iuclul neoanl.c p!odi!,s in deplasa.lea ,rh,, .ie Boisen!.ol,e dl.a treapta I-a ({*l Si de forlele extericare. Dupd.ce se rezorvE sistenur <ie ecuagii (\rr"aa) gi s.: debcr* nini coeficienlii x1r de colecijie a ddplas5rlior arbitra.le crete tnttialr momentele finale di:r capetala ba-reLc.c se riecer:rin& cu relatla (m;19). Obeerve!ie imporientei : Ternrenii dc 1us6r r'ficanj.c se scriu cu nomentele sptr:e barc. , ?. Proj:lene_ Feg.g-lvagg

' Se eahLlibreaad. aceete ruo*rente Si se obg*a noeeataLe *"A.J Liblate dls ilef,or*eta li-a tuli'' l. Acste *"*u!** roo proaoo*.i-il ItrcEu necanic (L12r Ln2) coreepwiaeiton uno.r dey'l,as$:L vilrrrale- :i (fig. Yl.r9 'd*f; d.ate str.ucturi-!* cr'* rreplasagea reaid a nivel.u.. lai II este 4 qou* tlfl= c Ii2 e re*sird cd vaiolile Lqaralut
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,

- | toate Eazulile La erPresLa lul dr,

stilrxd cE ia Betoda: forgetor .sie Bis;rutl si t" Io"o"ne pe Eiste[e dlfelibe de baz41 se va folosi: pentrrr deterni.:ral ea eoef,tcientito! aistenul de bazE cu nesu:roscutelb :mtate i,rr ce::nentru 1j.beri.,Aio" sisbemul de tgal elastio , ialffiirrl::terseo!!or' basE se va alege Ln funclie de antrni:te aossidelenl" ."ou se c'eBaliu Eag dpalt. a) Sletene de bas{ fdrti irnpinseli.
"''.1:" Se u,til.izeazF atunci ciird axa arcului elie ildc;tErtcti : ,,' :.:t'i: .-',,;..' ilrr .:: : , . de oulba de plesltuen deeL clnd uropentele,iucovgierloare ru rra|t ''l:'I :t':r'::' " :-::':i'::ij'; :'
:

I ,l' iLi

Lnoovoletong
'a

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tELetoale;

,'

lori nar!. Ia acest cazl valorile oecunosautelol leazi cu e:rpresiile:

,,

a.::

X1

r 11.; ),-, se cllcu-

gt sublLrl so va line cont cle tnflueala aonentqtul f,ncovo!.eto.r, atlt l.a calcalul' fuf of ll cl,t gl- la catculul luL dra.
na,re

- Is. aloele cu sdgeetE

(VIf.18

e)

Aleeerea elateoqluL dle bazE.

Le calaulql a.lcelol, sl.stenele dE bagi. cale se pot alege i . siat ate iloni ttpu:rl.: sLstene de basE f ft..E ,-lEltngerci (fLg Ei6, a, D) sau cr f,qrlngell (fteyil.6. c).

M^ reprezinti monente puoduse de incarcir.rj-Ie e::i;erio:..re UDacd se

lrroreaz6 cu inodrsA-Fi elast.ica deberminate cu rcl6fia

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ln

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O,bss!fiatts'c La alce1e cu desohI.denJ. rnall- trebui_e sd.ss facd un oalcur pltn'aproorinralii succeeivel caneictnstd drn etape

Fig.TII.7

alternatlve

cle detercnLnara a necunoscuberol

,.i l, ,,
':
'.:

;1

:'E* 1 illrngtita'
,debaai);

'

arEqluL err treL

atttoulalli .(deqt a sistenulal

temiaa.re e defornalelor axei a.rcnLuL o etap6 la alta valorile ordonatelor m)o

)-1r xe, r, gL ce de(care rrol nodifica de ra

r
l-,

r .' B = olidoDatele c{rtri}f,Be iatre axa,a.rculul 9i peligonql de

dtefafuxs.re

vrra,,,ga].cu].ql arcul.qi, drbiu arbieulat.

SLstenele de baaE cagg ee pot a1ege, sint cele clla figi:flI,
' | ":i
l

ar;"rlsi ca tlei articulalitl relatiile a r,ecunoscutelsl stnt u.Fnitsale1e:

de

&=-@=lml t=-ffi1-8";d

(VII;?1

a)

I I

Ll\J4J*' ,#h
a.

.t

la

I-,

-r

,eeup

ln detemtaara lul

trtllXalnd saloiai}e elastlce pl f,acfud an*nite aploxiriElL

oc !

pi.-'i

*i

'-zes-i
Ia embele caEuli!
TI

:Fdeind

289"

.t:

ei aici Ero
:,''...

dLveree _12

sinplif,icful gi notludl

Ardll
Be

(vrr.24)
vor trtlllzat

--t

; (rlr.zg)

.i

necunoecuta X!., se caloqleazd I

astfel (folositd sarci.nil-e elasticel

'rl,

Fentgu dtelgilrarea tere4gl,ul ltbe:l Alp

a) Pe slsten de bazd fEJrd f,lloineerL:

a) siqFpnirl 9e lFqi f5!4j4plni.eri-sind axa aneultr,l este''ra de presLune, Itt acest gaE lecunossuta X1 sa cleteselnd atfeli

.:

xr=

s-

Unr

Fi

Fr

2%t rr atr=-EffiE
wi

Zort'+tcr!"rfl

,i , i qrgl;291
,: '' :t:" ':l:l:::.-lrlri

(Y-rr;'e5)

b) Pe slete!0 de bazS.,rou iBpi.tldeilj(a!e

cn

i,ttra:rt):

b) Slstepul ile bazd cu 1:re.j-aeari-cind axa e.rcqlql esbe 'aprapiati iie c[.Eba oe presiuner rcuEoscuta ]i,1 deie:rai-ai.ndu-ee
cu ::e).a!iar

Ii
'i.

I
' ''1..[5, .A;;rr;i"#'rr*i*rsi:de
.i.

xl =-

Iwi ;,I * lr:

= -E*

oc

(rlr.a5)

renpenabr!;.:

:'

r
'

I'

lddrintle carr Lntld ta reLallile(TII;25)pi(EII.25)au sennl.fleali.ile indtoate Ia a.roul dublu ineasttat;'

telneail libert Alt'dln ecualllle de ecbilibru el3eiric, ', . ,. :. anl erp.resiLLe.r .i

...

wli+ | AESS!_9u ttEe!, Daed tllasbul ere o r5.gXdltate f,oarte tsar6, areul Ee oooporti. gl deci ee calculeazd stnila! cu alcul dubla antlculat. De oblcel- insE,rtlrani;uleste elaetlc Fl are s anaoit6 defoF aatLe axiaL6 gi deoi ecaalia de eobillb.ru elastic pe .e!-stemul cle bazi din flgifiIi9r va f,ir

A*
EAdAi E* I-

=ZJFrAas,

fr

'l

*IJrlaapr
:
:.

i (Yrr.lr)

I I
I
I

= defornalta exiat6 elenentarE prod.usi. de varialia de tenpeiatulXJ ?" = defolnalla traghiula-rd. elementar& produsS Ce ve^U riefi.a de te4genaturE.

Adst

" E. = folta exialE $L monentul prcdus de aolluntle Xr=l;

J.r*,

* Arn :

++

(",x,a?)

In cazul gene:ral aL arcefor dublu incastrato plecgbite:

I
I
frt . {I=-Yr \2=x1

2Q6 -r

f, : - ePbf t fra 5 stafso'

MV=L

(rlr.rt2)

-29L-

I
I I

tar ilofolnati|.le axial arr Fatnu aealluni eioetrlce, exlrresille ounoseute: Arler,=xn,t[
as

(rIIi5,
ils 6s

a)

/<t Adv' =octf yo =d-#s

(vrr.,53

vrrr
5-1

caLgulql

,s,gBpGruRrLoB

ssasrc @t8ERnrrrasE r.A acrrurEA aaaclrfi4E tloBrtiF

gt rezdtl3

"

?III5I; GoneleJ,ttafl

I I
I I
T

It =cr lit,- o.r.at f

aar
=

(lE&34

a)

*t Ar I*'

. (rlr.-'r b)
(fII.!4
telmenrlo.n
o)i

A Art=*t At ffaE ?
Pentlu cglelalte t!;lull de a.reer expresille , berl se gclln La nod "5.tl,I*.

1!l

EI56.'ffi Caloulut Ia cedful de reazene i

rE eo'Etllolit rnterra deg r,nodloEpl atrb oa.!e r9r s.r,rr br poatgla pe etrlctur (veb,ladere pe podull, podaltrle lulante Ia, bele ladqaG.Elale)o ri aosat calrefoltulle ilra st.lastula r,gl s-.br.Ebe conlincn velo.lllc Al o dheasloaq.re eolactd. t-qlnne cqlo,gt.rea pozllleL oels!' !a! dc:avaltaJoesq a r,acEloEnrlo.r aobrle, ca! eE condaci la, varoanae nstrf, a efoltarllol dta eecfl'nea coasrdelatE. Acaste plobrena s lesolvd foroslad lr.uttre de hfraenfE. P.!tE ltnr'e de r'fraenfE ee tnlelege roonr 6eoneGlic ar valolr-

lol

'' Se utiliaeazS forna cunoeent6 a eauat!.ilor de ecbtlibrq etagtic peutlu acEst caz:
:.

o sa.roin6 .nltari nobila c.! go

a,Btlroberl-t. (ftg fflf.l.)
i. :,:i.r:.'-'
-t:

unui, ef,olt(eau EDel leectlunL)d latl_o aeoltnnerprodBae do :

deplaaes.Er,

pe rlnla ds lncdroa-re -

'

::: i :.;:

I I I I

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2drrx, +Arn = r. A, + f

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(Yrr.ft5) .:t

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