WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

By:
G. Swetha Arjun college of technology and sciences 2/4 ECE

B. Samuel Kumar Arjun college of technology and sciences 2/4 ECE

ABSTRACT .Wireless communication is becoming an ever-growing part of human life with new services and products being released every month. Wireless communications brings huge benefits to the user or users and is therefore becoming a must for industry. The report looks into the

microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems. Future personal (hand-held) and ground communications systems as well as communications satellites necessitate the use of highly integrated RF front-ends, featuring small size, low weight, high performance and low cost. Continuing chip scaling has contributed to the extent that off-chip, bulky passive RF components, such as high-Q inductors, ceramic and SAW filters, varactor diodes and discrete PIN diode switches, have become limiting.

possibility of installing mobile devices (PDAs) integrated with a wireless network into a hospital. Hospitals are information intensive and need the speed and easiness of wireless

communications. Issues raised through this report include the types of wireless networking technologies available, the effects of electro-magnetic radiation on hospital equipment and peoples health, the use and benefits of personal digital assistants (PDAs), security covering aspects such as encryption, authentication, data protection act and the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and finally, system design, an area that illustrates how a System might function based on examples of systems currently being tested. Wireless communication has led to an explosive growth of emerging consumer and military applications of radio frequency (RF),

CONTENTS Introduction Definition Need for study Theory Applications Advantages/disadvantages Conclusion References/bibliography

INTRODUCTION The birth of wireless communications dates from 1800s, when M.G. Marconi did the Pioneer work establishing the first

DEFINITION Transmitting/receiving voice and data

using electromagnetic waves in open space is known as wireless communication. The information from sender to receiver is carrier over a well defined frequency band. Each channel has a fixed frequency band width and capacity. Different channels can be used to transmit information in parallel and independently.

successful radio between a land-based station and a tugboat. Since then, wireless communication systems have been

developing and evolving with a furious pace. The number of mobile subscribers has been growing tremendously in the fast decades. The early wireless systems consist of a base station with a high power transmitter and served a larger geographic area. Each of base station would serve a small number of users and was costly as well. The systems were isolated from each other and only a few of them communicated with the public switched telephone

networks. Today the cellular system consists of a cluster of base stations with low power radio transmitters. Each base station serves a small cell with in a large geographic area. The total number of users served is increased because of channels reuse and also larger frequency bandwidth. The cellular systems connect with other via mobile switching and directly access the public switched telephone networks. The most advantage of wireless communication is that a mobile user can make a phone call anywhere anytime. Wireless operations permits services, such as long range communications, that are impossible or impractical to implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used in the telecommunications industry to refer to telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and receivers, remote controls, computer networks, network terminals, etc.) which use some form of energy to transfer information without the use of wires. NEED FOR STUDY

Information is transferred in this manner over both short and long distances. THEORY Types of Wireless Communications are Mobile Cellular Phones (GSM /

VLF - Very Low Frequency.

Why we use wireless communication? Freedom from wires

No cost of installing wires or rewiring and no bunches of wires running here and there. Global Coverage

Communications can reach where writing is infeasible or costly, e.g., rural areas, old buildings, battlefield, vehicles, outer space (through Communication Satellites) Stay Connected

cdma2000.1x) Portable IEEE 802.11b (WiFi), IEEE 802.15.3 (UWB) Fixed IEEE 802.16 (WirelessMAN)

Roaming allows flexibility to stay connected anywhere and anytime. Flexibility

The typical frequencies are FM Radio ~ 88 MHz TV Broadcast ~ 200 MHz GSM Phones ~ 900 MHz GPS ~ 1.2 GHz PCS Phones ~ 1.8 GHz Bluetooth ~ 2.4 GHz WiFi ~ 2.4 GHz

Services reach you wherever you go (Mobility). E.g, you dont have to go to your lab to check your mail. Connect to multiple devices simultaneously,

Types of Wireless Communication are Radio Transmission

The propagation characteristics are different in each frequency band. EHF - Extreme High Frequency SHF - Super High Frequency UHF - Ultra High Frequency VHF - Very High Frequency HF - High Frequency MF - Medium Frequency LF - Low Frequency

Easily generated, omni-directionally travel long distances, easily penetrate buildings. The problems are frequency-dependent, relative low bandwidth for data

communication tightly licensed by the government. Widely Microwave Transmission used for long distance

communication and gives a high S/N ratio,

relatively inexpensive. The problems are they dont pass through buildings well, weather and frequency-dependent.

Current wireless communication systems are Cellular Systems Wireless LANs Satellite Systems Wireless PANs (bluetooth, UWB)

Cellular Systems The geographic region divided into cells. Frequencies/timeslots/codes Infrared and Millimeter Waves spatially separated locations. Wireless Local WLANs connect local computers (100m range => confined regions) It breaks data into packets, channel access is shared (random access).Poor performance in some applications (e.g. video) and low mobility. Satellite Systems It cover very large areas and very useful in sparsely populated areas: rural areas, sea, mountains, etc. different orbit heights, optimized for one-way transmission, Radio and movie broadcasting and in expensive base stations (satellites). It is limited-quality voice/datatransmission,traditionalapplication s, weather satellite,radio and TV Widely used for short-range communication. Unable to pass through solid objects and used for indoor wireless LANs, not for outdoors. Light wave Transmission reused at

Unguided optical signal, such as laser, connect two LANs in two buildings via laser mounted on their roof. It is unidirectional, easy to install, dont require license. The problems are it is unable to penetrate rain or thick fog, laser beam can be easily diverted by turbulent air. .

broadcasting. Personal Area Networks (PANs) Bluetooth It is cable replacement RF technology, Short range (10m, extendable to 100m),2.4 GHz band (crowded),1 Data (700 Kbps) and 3

voice channels,1 Mbps data rate shared between 7 devices, TDD duplex scheme, Polling based multiple access, widely supported by telecommunications, PC, and consumer electronics companies.

be used anywhere that there is a cellular telephone site to house the equipment that is required to transmit and receive the signal that is used to transfer both voice and data to and from these instruments.

APPLICATIONS The applications of wireless communication are Security systems Cellular modems) Wi-Fi Wireless energy transfer Computer interface devices Wi-Fi is a wireless local area network that SECURITY SYSTEMS Wireless technology may supplement or replace hard wired implementations in security systems for homes or office buildings. CELLULAR TELEPHONE (phones and modems) Perhaps the best known example of wireless technology is the cellular telephone and modems. These instruments use radio waves to enable the operator to make phone calls from many locations worldwide. They can WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER Wireless energy transfer is a process whereby electrical energy is transmitted enables portable computing devices to connect easily to the internet. Wi-Fi approaches speeds of some types of wired ethernet. Wi-Fi hot spots have been popular over the past few years. Some businesses charge customers a monthly fee for service, while others have begun offering it for free in an effort to increase the sales of their goods. Wi-Fi telephone (phones and

from a power source to an electrical load that does not have a built-in power source, without the use of interconnecting wires.

security of wireless keyboards have also been addressed with the maturation of the technology. ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGES Wireless communication has the following advantages Anywhere, Anytime Work wireless professionals communication, and mobile

Through working

workers can work and access the Internet just about anywhere, anytime without COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVICES Answering the call of customers frustrated with cord clutter, many manufactures of computer peripherals turned to wireless technology to satisfy their consumer base. Originally these units used bulky, highly limited transceivers to mediate between a computer and a keyboard and mouse, however more recent generations have used small, high quality devices, some even incorporating bluetooth. These systems have become so ubiquitous that some users have begun complaining about a lack of wired peripherals.Wireless devices tend to have a slightly slower response time than their wired counterparts, however the gap is decreasing. Initial concerns about the the hassles of wires and network cables. Enhanced Productivity

Workers, students, professionals and others need not be constrained by wired Internet connections Wireless or dial-up Internet

connectivity.

connectivity options ensures that work and assignments can be completed anywhere and enhance overall

productivity of all concerned.

Remote Area Connectivity

Emergency Alerts

Workers, doctors and other professionals working in remote-location hospitals and medical centers can keep in touch with anyone through wireless

Through wireless communication, many emergency situations and crisis

situations can be addressed quickly. Help and other assistance can reach

communication. Non-profit organization volunteers working in remote and underserved areas can stay connected to the outside world with the help of wireless communication.

affected areas quickly through early alerts and warnings provided with the help of wireless communication. The disadvantages of wireless

communication are Relatively lower bandwidth speed Ease of access means more security also necessary to protect data On-Demand Bonanza For those unable to keep away from their daily soap operas, reality Entertainment and/or bandwidth, since people can connect anywhere within range without seeking network plug. A satellite link is superior to wire for long distances, but is more expensive for purely local use Wireless systems are slower These does not offer the

programs, online TV shows and Internet surfing or download activities, wireless communication ensures an entertainment bonanza on--demand and anytime.

performance of wired systems

These are harder to supervise.

CONCLUSION Since wireless communication are often application specific, may be intended for unattended over a long period of time. There is great interest in designing their operations to be as efficient as possible so that batteries need to be replaced only infrequently. REFERENCES books.google.co.in www.wirelesscommunication.com