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Pellcal anLenna

ne||ca| antenna for WLAN commun|cat|on work|ng frequency app 24 Gnz


W e||ca| antenna ls an anLenna conslsLlng of a
conducLlng wlre wound ln Lhe form of a hellx
W n mosL cases hellcal anLennas are mounLed
over a ground plane
W Pellcal anLennas can operaLe ln one of Lwo
prlnclpal modes normal (broadslde) mode or
axlal (or endflre) mode
W n Lhe f Lhe dlmenslons of Lhe
hellx are small compared wlLh Lhe wavelengLh
1he far fleld radlaLlon paLLern ls slmllar Lo an
elecLrlcally shorL dlpole or monopole
W L's a broadband uPl and vPl anLenna
W rovldes clrcular polarlzaLlon
W ConslsLs of hellx of Lhlck copper wlre wound ln
Lhe shape of screw Lhread and used as an
anLenna ln con[uncLlon wlLh a flaL meLal plaLe
called ground plane
W Pellx ls fed by coaxlal a cable
Pellcal anLenna flgure
W 1he mode of radlaLlon depends on Lhe dlameLer
of hellx u and Lurn spaclng S
1he varlous dlmenslons of hellx are
C clrcumference of hellx(u)
lLch angle
ddlameLer of hellx conducLor
axlal lengLhnS
LLengLh of one Lurn
nno of Lurns
lspaclng of hellx from ground plane
W lor n Lurns Lhe LoLal lengLh of hellcal anLenna
ls equal Lo nS
W f one Lurn of hellx ls unrolled on a plane
surface Lhe clrcumference (u)Lhe spaclng
(S) Lurn lengLh L and plLch angle are relaLed
by Lrlangle as shown ln flgure
W 1he plLch angle ls Lhe angle beLween a llne
LangenL Lo Lhe hellx wlre and Lhe plane normal
Lo Lhe hellx axls
W lLch angle ls calculaLed from Lhe Lrlangle as
,odes of operaLlon of hellcal anLenna
1normal (or) perpendlcular mode of radlaLlon
2 xlal (or) end flre (or) beam mode of
radlaLlon
normal mode of radlaLlon
W n Lhls mode
Lhe radlaLlon ls maxlmum ln broadslde le
n Lhe dlrecLlon normal Lo Lhe hellx axls and ls
clrcularly polarlzed
W 1hls mode of radlaLlon ls obLalned lf Lhe
dlmenslons of Lhe hellx are small compared Lo
le nL
W 8andwldLh of such a small hellx ls very narrow
and Lhe radlaLlon efflclency ls low
W 8andwldLh and efflclency can be lncreased by
lncreaslng Lhe slze of Lhe hellx and Lo have
currenL ln phase along hellx axls
W 1he radlaLlon paLLern of hellcal anLenna ls
bldlrecLlonal paLLern
W n Lhe normal mode of operaLlon Lhe anLenna
fleld ls maxlmum ln a plane normal Lo Lhe
hellx axls and mlnlmum along lLs axls
W 1hls mode provldes low bandwldLh and ls
generally used for handporLable moblle
appllcaLlons
xlal mode of radlaLlon
W n Lhe axlal mode of operaLlon Lhe anLenna
radlaLes as an end flre radlaLor wlLh a slngle
beam along Lhe hellx axls
W 1hls mode provldes beLLer galn (up Lo 13d8)
W and hlgh bandwldLh raLlo (1781) as compared Lo
Lhe normal mode of operaLlon
W lor Lhls mode of operaLlon Lhe beam becomes
narrower as Lhe number of Lurns on Lhe hellx ls
lncreased
xlal mode conLd
W uue Lo lLs broadband naLure of operaLlon Lhe
anLenna ln Lhe axlal mode ls used malnly for
saLelllLe communlcaLlons
Splral anLenna
W Splral anLennas are Lravellng wave sLrucLures
and are wellknown for Lhelr wldeband
performance
W bandwldLh of 31 or 101 ls easlly obLalned
and a sLable lnpuL lmpedance ls achleved
W 1hls wldeband characLerlsLlc of Lhe splral
anLenna makes lL an aLLracLlve cholce where a
slngle anLenna ls requlred Lo send / recelve
over mulLlple channels
W llgure shows Lhe slmulaLlon model and Lhe
currenL dlsLrlbuLlon on Lhe sLrucLure aL
230,Pz
W 1he anLenna ls fed ln Lhe cenLer where Lhe
Lwo arms connecL
W ppllcaLlon of splral anLennas ln moblle
communlcaLlon and navlgaLlon

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