MULTISIM tutorial

Introduction to MultiSim
 Need For Simulation
❂ For determination of parameters for complex
circuits.
❂ To test validity of the circuit.
❂ Generate mathematical models of electronic
components.
❂ Test performance without actually building the
circuit .
❂ Calculating parameters of non-linear devices
Simulation Basics (Analog ckt)

G1 * e1 + (– k – G1)*e2 + k*e3 = I0 ……….(1)

-G1*e1 + (G1 + G2 + G3)*e2 – G3*e3 = 0….(2)
(-G3 + k)*e2 + (G4 + G3 – k)*e3 = 0………..(3)
 Simulation Basics

V1 1 0 10
SPICE input file: example R1 1 2 1.5k
(Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) R2 2 0 1k

 How many nodes?

 Do we need extra variables (e.g., voltage sources)?

 Assemble the system matrix.

 Solve.
 Simulation Basics (Digital ckt)
Digital Circuits: event-driven simulation
❂ Instead of ckt description its behaviour is
defined.
❂ Only discrete levels of voltage.
 Components Available
❂ Basic : resistors , capacitor , inductor ,
potentiometer , transformer .
❂ Switches : SPST , SPDT , DPDT.
❂ Sources : DC power , AC power , Ground ,
Vcc , Vdd.
 ….Components
❂ Diodes : Si / Ge diodes , Zener diodes , LED .
❂ Transistors : BJT ( npn and pnp)

FET ( MOSFET & JFET )

❂ Analog IC : operational amp (eg. IC 741) ,

Timer IC 555.
And many more
 Digital Components
❂ Digital IC : available in TTL and CMOS
families.
❂ Basic gates : 7408 (AND) , 7404 (NOT) , etc.
❂ MSI chips : 74151 (MUX) , 74138 (DEMUX) ,
7483 (4 bit adder) , 7490 (dec counter) , etc.
❂ Indicators : HEX display , digital probe.
Miscellaneous Components
❂ Crystals .
❂ Voltage regulators (eg. LM317 , 7805 , 7905).
❂ Fuse.
❂ RF Components.
❂ Transmission lines .
 Instruments
❂ Multimeter : for current , voltage and
resistance measurements in ac and dc
modes.

❂ Wattmeter : for power and power factor

measurement.
 …Instruments
❂ Function Generator : for generation of
waveforms such as sinusoidal , square ,
triangular , with controls for frequency ,
duty cycle, amplitude
❂ Oscilloscope : to view output waveforms
with controls for time base , Volt/div ,
trigger , X-Y mode and cursors 1 & 2 .
 Analysis of Circuits
❂ It is carried out to test the behaviour of the
circuit for various inputs and/or varying
conditions.
❂ Setting up of the output variables :

Variables are nothing but nodes whose

behavior is to be monitored .
❂ Setting of parameters to be varied.
 Types of Analysis
❂ DC Operat ing P oint A naly sis
❂ AC Ana lysis
❂ Transient Ana lysis
❂ Fou rier Ana lysis
❂ Noise Ana lysis
❂ Dis tor tion Ana lys is
❂ DC Swee p Ana lysis
 …Types of Analysis
❂ DC and AC Sensit ivit y A naly ses
❂ Paramet er Sweep Ana lysis
❂ Tem perat ure Sweep Ana lysis
❂ Transf er F unct io n A na lysis
❂ Pole Zer o A naly si s
❂ RF A na lyses
❂ (and more)
DC operating point analysis
❂ In this analysis all the ac sources are
zeroed out.
❂ Capacitors are assumed to be open,
inductors short circuited.
❂ Used for Q point determination of amplifier
stage.
 AC Analysis
❂ All input sources are automatically
switched internally to a sinusoidal
waveform for analysis. AC analysis then
calculates the AC circuit response as a
function of frequency.
❂ Used to calculate the Band width and/or
Critical freq.
Transient Analysis
❂ The circuit response is calculated as a
function of time.
❂ Can be used to see the system response for
a short duration of time [ eg. Time = 0 to
0.0001 seconds].
❂ Used for observing step response of the
system.
 Other Analyses...
❂ Parameter sweep : Specified parameter of
the active device is varied.
❂ Temperature sweep : Operating
temperature is varied.
❂ DC sweep analysis : The value from the
source is incremented and another DC
Operating Point is calculated.
General steps for simulation
❂ Place components on the workspace .
❂ Connect components according to circuit
diagram .
❂ Connect power supply and ground .
❂ Press the ‘ Simulation switch ’
❂ Observe the results and carry out the
required analyses.
 Some Special Features
❂ IC 555 Timer Wizard .
❂ Filter wizard.
❂ Dynamic measurement probe.
❂ Virtual Lab instruments and components .
❂ Dependant sources.
❂ Bill of materials.
 Precautions
❂ Each simulation must have a ground .
❂ Make sure all components are connected
properly.
❂ Check all component values.
❂ Place HB/SB connector to labeling a node.