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a'gufwm at? trf? abum M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt., Bar-atLaw, D. Sc., M.L.C.
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a'gufwm at? trf? abum
M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt., Bar-at-Law, D. Sc.,

M.L.C.,
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q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r B.A (Ak'0d[m& bHkbdkif)

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q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r\ twKywd .................................................................................................... 6
ar;cGef;trSwf (1) ................................................................................................................................ 15
ar;cGef;trSwf (2) ................................................................................................................................. 19
ar;cGef;trSwf (3) ................................................................................................................................ 23
ar;cGef;trSwf (4) ................................................................................................................................ 26
ar;cGef;trSwf (5) ................................................................................................................................ 32
ar;cGef;trSwf (6) ................................................................................................................................ 35
ar;cGef;trSwf (7) ................................................................................................................................ 40
ar;cGef;trSwf (8) ................................................................................................................................ 42
ar;cGef;trSwf (9) ................................................................................................................................ 44
ar;cGef;trSwf (10) .............................................................................................................................. 48
ar;cGef;trSwf (11) .............................................................................................................................. 51
ar;cGef;trSwf (12) ............................................................................................................................... 53
ar;cGef;trSwf (13) .............................................................................................................................. 62
ar;cGef;trSwf (14) ..............................................................................................................................68
ar;cGef;trSwf (15) ..............................................................................................................................70
ar;cGef;trSwf (16) .............................................................................................................................. 72
ar;cGef;trSwf (17) .............................................................................................................................. 74
ar;cGef;trSwf (18) ..............................................................................................................................75
ar;cGef;trSwf (19) ..............................................................................................................................77
ar;cGef;trSwf (20)............................................................................................................................... 81
ar;cGef;trSwf (21) ............................................................................................................................... 83
ar;cGef;trSwf (22) ...............................................................................................................................90
ar;cGef;trSwf (23) ............................................................................................................................... 91
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pmtkyfxJu
"Pray not! The darkness will not brighten! Ask Nought from the Silence, for it cannot
speak! Vex not your mouthful minds with pious pains! Ah! Brothers,Sisters, seek.
Nought from the helpless gods by gifts and hymn, Nor bribe with blood, nor feed with
fruit and cakes, within yourselves deliverance must be sought. Each man his Prison
makes."
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qdwfNidrfxkum; pum;rajymEdkif/
10
oifwdkY\ NidKjiifyifyef;aeonfh pdwf"mwfwdkYudk bk&m;w&m;udkMunfndKonfh 'kuqif;&JwkdYjzifh

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tdk nDawmfaemifawmf ESrawmfwdkY/ tm;udk;&mrJh
"r*DwoDqdkjcif;wkdYjzifh rcdkudk; Muygvifh/
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vlwdkif;vlwdkif; udk,fhtusOf;axmifudk ukd,faqmufwnfaejcif;om jzpf\/
(bmomjyefqdkolY trSm)
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q&mawmf/ / ]]tdk 'DtpJGawGudk &cJh,Hkwif b,furvJuG? olYcrsm &[ef;jyK&wmawmif vG,fvG,feJYjyKcJh&wm
r[kwfbl;uG/ b&if*sDbmomuaeNyD; Ak'bmomudk ul;vmcJhwJhvl qdkawmh Ak'bmomudk wu,fwrf;
pJGvef; ,HkMunfwJhvlrdkY cHEdkifwmayghuGm}}
uRefawmf/ / ]]bmrsm; vkyfcJh&ao;owJhvJ bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]tdk Ak'bmomudk vdkvm;oltjzpf zdk;olawmfb0eJY wESpfavmufaecJh&w,fuG/ tJ'Daemuf
t&H ygwD0if omraPtjzpfeJY wESpfavmuf ae&jyefw,f/ tJ'DvkdaeNyD;rSygwD0iftjzpf &[ef;jyK cJh&
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ao;wmayghuGm}}
uRefawmf/ / ]]ol q&mawmfhqDudk b,fuaeNyD; b,fvdkqufrdvdkY a&mufvmwmvJ bk&mh}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]olu jzL;bufrSm &[ef;vmjyKwmuG/ olu Ak'tbd"rmudk ygVdvdkawG bmawGxuf
t*Fvdyfvdk avhvmcsifwJhpdwfu ydkrsm;aeawmh t*FvdyfbmomeJY Ak'bmomudk avhvmEdkifzdkYae&mudk
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vTwfvdkufwmeJYa&mufvmwmyJ}}
uRefawmf/ / ]]q&mawmf OD;uk@veJY q&mawmfwdkY tawmf&if;ESD;Muvm; bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ / ]]at;? i,fi,fu &wemyifpnfausmif;rSmtwlwlaecJhw,f/ BuD;awmhvJ rEav;
r[m0dok'mHk wkdufrSm pmtwlwloifcJh&w,fuG}}
(&wemyifpnfausmif;um; awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKU\ ta&SUajrmufzuf wrdkifcefYwGif&Sdonfh awm&ausmif;
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avmukw&m odrfukef;q&mawmf t&Sifuk@vonf ausmufuGif; Ak'bmomESifh c&pf,mefbmom 0g'
NydKifyJGwGif Ak'bmom bufrS em,u q&mawmftjzpfESifh wm0ef,lcJhygonf/ / bmomjyefqkdol
pum;csyf)/
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omru urmwGif ,aeYxif&Sm;ausmfMum;vsuf&Sdonfh [dEL? c&pf,mef? r[mar'if ponfh bmomBuD;rsm;
ESifhqkdif&m usrf;*efrsm;? cuf&mcufqpf tcsuftvufrsm;udkyg tm;xufoef&m avhvmqnf;yl;cJh\/
xdktwGif; jynfcdkif 0ufxD;uefteD; ausmufuGif;&Gm Ak'bmomESifh c&pf,mef bmomwdkY
0g'NydKifyJGusif;y&efudp ay:aygufcJh\/ udp ay:vmojzifh atmifvHNrdKU Ak' omoemjyK ausmif;rS
ausmif;tkyfq&mawmf OD;"rmeEonf q&mawmftm; bmoma&;0g'NydKifyJGjzpfbkdY&ef tajctaeodkY
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
11
qkdufa&mufaeaMumif;? q&mawmfudk,fwdkif Ak'bmombufrS wm0ef,lNyD; a[majymrnfqdkvQif NydKifyJG

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jzpfMu\/ tm;vHk;u ,ckyJGonf q&mawmf\pGrf;&nfowdukd jy&rnfh yJGjzpfaMumif;odMu\/ q&mawmfom
Ak'bmombufrS0if a[majymvdkufvQif Ak'bmombufrS rvJGraoG atmifyJGcH&rnfudkvnf; tcdkiftrm
,HkMunfxm;Mu\/ xdkYaMumif; 0rf;tomBuD;omaeMujcif;yif r[kwfwHkavm/
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bmom u xGufNyD; Ak'bmombufudk bmaMumifhul;ajymif;vm&ovJ qdkwmudk jyefNyD;ajymvdkuf&&if
wynfhawmf wkdYu tEdkif&rSmyJ bk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]at;? udk,fawmfu c&pf,mefxJu xGufNyD; Ak'bmomjzpfvmovdk c&pf,mefbufrSmvnf; Ak'
bmom &[ef; pmwwfaywwfawGu xGufNyD; "rq&mawG vkyfaeMuwmvnf; &Sdao;w,f/ 'gayr,fh
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b,favmuf xdatmif avhvmqnf;yl;rdNyDqdkwm od&atmif rSwfwifMunfh&rSmaygh}}
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uRefawmf wdkYjzpfMu\/ uRefawmfum; a[majym&efr[kwf/ q&mawmf\ twGif;a&;rSL;taejzifh vkdufyg&ef
jzpf\/ okdYESifh q&mawmf\wyfzJGYonf awmifwGif;BuD;NrdKUrSxGufcJhMu\/ t&Sift&d,"ronf pdwftm;vnf;
tvGefxufoef? Ak'bmomudk olwyg;uxdyg;ajymqdkvQifvnf; tenf;i,frQ rcHEdkifwwfojzifh q&mawmf
u olYtm; wvrf;vHk; a'gorBuD;&ef owday;cJh&\/
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uRefawmf wkdY arQmfrSef;cJhMuonfxuf ydk ajymifajrmufonfh atmifyJGudkvnf; qifEJTEdkifcJhMu\/ xdkYaMumifh
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yDwdvdIif;jzifh zHk;vsuf &SdacsNyDwum;/
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[if;av;tdk;BuD;ozG,f pm;rukefay;rcef;Edkifavmufatmif jynfh0aMumif; ydkrdk xif&Sm;odvmojzifh
t&Sift&d,"r onf ,cifuxufyif q&mawmftm; MunfndKtm;udk;vmjyefygonf/
xdktwGif; q&mawmfOD;avmuemx\ tdEd,odkYajcvsif<u&ef oHCmhtzJGYonf ay:aygufvmcJh\/ t&Sif
t&d,"ronf tzJGYwGifvdkufvkdvSojzifh q&mawmftm; tcGifhjyKyg&efavQmufxm;&m q&mawmfu
vG,fvifhwulESifhyif tcGifhjyKvdkufygonf/ odkY&mwGif t&Sift&d,"ronf rsm;rMumrD jyef<uvmojzifh
uRefawmfu olYtm; ...
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a'gufwmem,m;xHrS q&mawmftm; xdktoif;BuD;rS wnfaqmufvSL'gef;xm;onfh Ak'0d[m&ausmif;BuD;
12
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&ef oHCmrsm;tm; t*FvdyfbmomESifh Ak'bmomusrf;*efwdkYudk ykdYcsjcif;ESifh wzufuvnf; NAdwdoQ
e,fcsJUorm;u olY t*Fvdyfpmudk wefbdk;BuD;BuD; jrifhxm;NyD; vl*kPfwef vl&nfwwfwdkY om;orD;rsm;udkom
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Ak'omoemjyK trsdK;om;ausmif;BuD;udk zGifhvSpfoifMum; ydkYcsjcif; [laom wm0efESpf&yfjzifh rtm;rvyf
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aygif;pHkeJY ,SOfNydKifa[m&? ajym&r,fh tcGifhta&;awGudk &rSmbk&mh/ q&mawmf <uom<uawmfrlyg}}
q&mawmf/ ]]udk,fawmfhtjrifeJY udk,fawmfu <uapcsifwmuawmh [kwfygw,f/ 'Dausmif;BuD;eJY 'Dvkdbmom
a&; t,ltqawGa&m pmayawGudkyg vma&mufoifMum;aeMuwJh OD;yif;awGtwGuf b,folu wm0ef,l
rSmvJ/ NyD;awmh ausmufuGif;0g'NydKifyJGBuD; NyD;uwnf;u bmoma&;qdkif&m tar;awGudk ajz& &Sif;&?
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xm;vdkYrjzpfbl; udk,fawmf}}
t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]'gjzifh 'Dudpudk q&mawmf b,fvdkpDrHrvJ bk&m;/ r<uEdkifbl;vdkYbJ pmjyefvdkuf
awmhrSmvm;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]udk,fwdkif<uzkdY qdkwmuawmh udk,fawmfjrifwJhtwkdif;yJ rjzpfEdkifbl;/ tdEd, bHkbdkifNrdKUuaeNyD;
Ak'omoemudk jyKzdkYuvnf; tcGifhtcgaumif;wckyJ/ tJ'Dawmh udk,fawmfhudk wynfhawmfhudk,fpm;
vTwfvdkuf csifw,f/ udk,fawmf <urvm;}}
t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]jzpfyghrvm;q&mawmf/ wynfhawmftaeeJYtjcm;bmomawGeJYNydKifvdkY jzpfEdkifygOD;rvm;
bk&m;}}
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w,f/ b,fhES,fvJ? udk,fawmfoabmwl&if a'gufwmem,m;qDudk udk,fawmhfudk wynfhawmf&Jhudk,fpm;vS,f
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t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]'DudpeJYywfoufvdkYuawmh q&mawmfyJ qHk;jzwfygbk&m;/ wynfhawmftaeeJYuawmh q&m
awmfu oifhawmfw,f? jzpfEdkifavmufw,fqkdNyD; vTwfvdkuf&if oGm;ygw,fbk&m;/ tultnDvdktyfwJh
tcgrSmvnf; q&mawmfhqD pmay;NyD; tultnDawmif;&rSmayghbk&m;}}
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odkY&mwGif udk,fpm;vS,fwyg;apvTwfonfudk vufcHrnfjzpfygu t&Sift&d,"rudk apvTwfrnfjzpfaMumif;
ESifh wuG t&Sift&d,"r\ twKywdtusOf;csKyfESifh tjcm;vdktyfonfhtcsuftvufwdkYudk tjynfhtpHk a&;
om; pmwapmif jyefMum;vdkufygonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
13
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pm ESifhwuG c&D;p&dwf aiG 200d a&muf&Sdvm&m q&mawmfu t&Sift&d,"rtm; ac:um
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udk,fawmf<uzdkYom jyifp&m&SdwmawGudk jyifayawmh}}
t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]wynfhawmfu q&mawmfhwynfhyJbk&m;? oGm;qdkcsufjcif;xoGm;HkygyJ/ bmypnf;rS
odrf;p&m xnfhp&m r&Sdygbl;bk&m;/ wynfhawmftaeeJYuawmh w,fNyD;roGm;csifvSygbl; bk&m;/ q&mawmfh
tem;rSmyJ qufNyD; ynmqnf;yl;csifao;wmyJbk&m;}}
(t&Sift&d,"rum; q&mawmfhxH ynmA[kokwqnf;yl;&mwGif tm;&wif;wdrfrI r&Sdao;acs/)
q&mawmf/ ]]tdk 'gawGuawmh udk,fawmfqufNyD; avhvm&ifjzpfygNyD/ 'DudpeJYywfoufvdkYawmh ylyifaomu
rsm;raeygeJY udk,fawmf}}
t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]wifyghbk&m;? q&mawmfu 'DvdktrdefY&Sdjyefawmhvnf; wynfhawmf oGm;tm;&Sdygw,f/
wynfhawmfudk qHk;roGefoifp&m&Sd&if tm;remwrf; qHk;roGefoifygbk&m;}}
q&mawmf/ ]]udk,fawmfhudk txl;oGefoifqHk;rp&mr&Sdygbl;/ oDv (3)yg;udkawmh vHkatmifxdef;&vdrfhr,f/ 'D
oDv(3)yg;udk ususeexdef;Edkif&if ukd,fawmfvkyfcsifwJh Ak'omoemjyKvkyfief;[m tdEd,rSm xajrmuf
atmif jrifrSm trSefyJ}}
t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]wynfhawmf apmifhxdef;&r,fh oDv(3)yg;u bmawGvJbk&mh/ wynfhawmf q&mawmfajym
orQudk vkdufemyghr,fbk&mh}}
q&mawmf/ ]]uJ udk,fawmf rSwfxm;/ udk,fawmf apmifhxdef;&r,fh oDv(3)yg;[m eHygwf(1)u aq;vdyf
raomufeJY/ eHygwf(2)u pum;enf;enf;ajym/ w&m;pum;udk vmar;rS? aqG;aEG;rS? avQmufxm;rS ajym&
a[m&r,f/ pnfrsm;vdkaygh? rwD;bJeJYrjrnf&bl;/ jrnfae&if oltxifao;wwfw,f/ wD;wJhtcgusrS
yDyDoo [def;aeatmif jrnf&w,f/ aemufqHk; eHygwf(3) oDvuawmh pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD; w&m;udk
aqG;aEG;a[majym &r,f/ onf;cHpdwfarG;NyD; a'goudk csKyfwD;yg/ udk,fawmfhudk olrsm;u a'go jzpfatmif?
a'gojzpf&ifrSm;atmif wdkYwmqdwfwmwdkYudk rcHEdkifbl;/ ao;i,fwJhudpawGeJY ywfouf&if tavQmhay;yg/
t,ltqeJY oabmw&m; wdkYeJY ywfoufvm&ifawmh BuHUBuHUcdkifcdkif &yfwnf&r,faygh/ uJ wynfhawmf
ajymwmukd oabmaygufNyDvm;}}
t&Sift&d,"r/ ]]oabmaygufygw,fbk&m;/ q&mawmfu wynfhawmfrSm&SdwJh cRwf,Gif;csufawGudk
wu,fh wynfh&if;wa,muftaeeJY apwemxm;NyD; wdwdusus yGifhyGifhvif;vif; axmufjy a0zef ay;wJh
twGuf tvGefvnf; aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f bk&m;/ waoGrwdrf;vnf; vdkufemusifhoHk;yghr,f bk&m;}}
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q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"ronf tdEd,jynf bHkbdkifNrdKUodkY <uoGm;ygonf/
uJhodkY tdEd,jynf bHkbdkifNrdKU Ak'0d[m&wGif ausmif;xdkif"ruxduq&mawmftjzpfjzifh oDwif;oHk;awmf
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ukefonfBuD;rsm;? c&pf,mefbkef;BuD;? [dELqm'l;BuD; ponfh yk*dKvfwdkYar;onfh Ak'bmom ESifh
qkdif&mtar;ykpmwkdYudk ajzMum;cJhjcif; jzpfygonf/ odkY Ak'0d[m&oDwif;oHk;aepOftwGif; a'gufwmem,m;
xHrS q&mawmfhxHodkY t&Sift&d,"r pdwfwdk aMumif;? a'goBuD;aMumif; wkdifpmwapmif a&mufvmojzifh
q&mawmfuolYxHodkY pmwapmifa&;om;ay;ydkYcJh&ao;onf/ xdkYaemuf tdEd,jynf bHkbdkifNrdKU (2)ESpfausmfrQ
14
oDwif;oHk; 1938 ckESpfavmufwGif awmifwGif;BuD; q&mawmfhxHwGif bmomt,l0g'rsdK;pHk qkdif&m

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xdkpOfu tar&dujynfaxmifpk orw kpbJh(vf)(wf) xHodkY ]]'g,um orwBuD;wdkYEdkifiHonf
ypnf;Opm&wemrsm; <u,f0csrf;omonfum; rSef\/ pufrIvkyfief;ESifh odyHynmrsm; zHGUNzdK;wdk;wuf\/
odkY&mwGif tvif;a&mifrJhNyD; tarSmifxkzHk;tkyfaeojzifh vlom;wdkY usifhtyfonfh vlUusifh0wf? eDwd"rwdkY
acgif;yg;aomaMumifh &mZ0wfjypfrI rsm; aMumufzG,fvdvd tajrmuftrsm; usL;vGefvsuf&SdaeMuacsonf/
Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf\ arwmukPm tvif;a&mifjzifh tarSmifxkudk NzdKcGif;ygu 'g,umorwBuD;
EdkifiHonf tvGefwifhw,fom,monfh EdkifiHBuD;wEdkifiH jzpfvmacsrnf/ xdkYaMumifh OD;yif;onf Ak'\
om;awmf omoemh0efxrf;wdkY xrf;aqmif&rnfh wm0ef0w&m;udk odjrifem;vnfonfhtaeESifh vma&muf
'g,umBuD;wkdYjynfwGif Ak'\"ra&mifjcnfudk xGef;dSvdkygojzifh 'g,umorwBuD;u tcGifhjyKEdkif rjyKEdkif
taMumif;jyefMum;&ef arwm&yfcHtyfygonf}} [l pmwapmifa&;NyD; ay;ydkYvdkuf&m orwkpbJh(vf)(wf) u
omoemjyK&ef <uvdkygu<uvmEdkifaMumif;? uefYuGufydwfyifp&m taMumif;r&SdaMumif; pmjyefvdkufyg onf/
orwkpbJh(vf)(wf)\ jyefpmudk q&mawmftm; t&Sift&d,"ru uyfvdkuf&m q&mawmf \ OD;aESmuf
onf IyfoGm;av\/ t&Sift&d,"rudk olYqEtwdkif; tar&dujynfodkY<uvnf;<uapvdk\/ okdY&mwGif
olYudk axmufyHhzdkY&ef c&D;p&dwfum; wjym;rQr&Sdacs/
aemufqHk; b,furQ &SmBuH&&ef vrf;prjrifawmhonf\ tqHk; &efukefNrdKU Ak'bmomtoif;rS yk*dKvfBuD;
rsm;xH kpbJh(vf)(wf)\ pmudkjyNyD; c&D;p&dwf tvSLcH&avawmhonf/ 4if;wdkYxHrS c&D;p&dwfjzifh
tar&dujynfodkY <u Ak'omoemudk qif;qif;&J&J ZGJebJoefoefESifh jyK&if; ruZDukdjynfrSmyif ysHvGefawmf
rlaMumif; owif;pum; Mum;&\/ b,fenf;b,fyHk ysHvGefawmfrlonfudkrl twdtus rod&ay/
(pmtkyfxJwGif a&;rxm;aomfvnf; q&mawmf t&SifOu|\ pmrsm;udk tNrJrjywfavhvmzwfIolrsm;xHrS
q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"ronf ruqDudkjynfwGif vkyfBuHcH& ysHvGefawmfrljcif;jzpfaMumif;? pDppfa&;rlt&
xnfhoGif;rjzpfojzifh csefvSyfxm;cJh&jcif;jzpfaMumif; yg;pyfpum; Mum;od rSwfom;zl;ygonf/ twnf
jyKcsuf? taxmuftxm; wpHkw&mr&Sdojzifh xdkowif; rSefrrSef rod&SdEdkifyg/ wifjyol\ pum;csyf )
Ak'\om;awmfjrwf tmZmenf armfuGef;urnf;xdk;avmufonfh yk*dKvfwql ysHvGefawmfrlonfudk b,folrQ

rodvkdufacs/
awmifwGif;q&mawmf t&SifOu|vnf; vufHk;aumif;wql jyKwfawmfrl&SmacsNyD/
odkY&mwGif t&Sift&d,"rtpm; Ak'\om;awmf tmZmenfyk*dKvfxl;wdkYum; tajrmuftrsm; ay:aygufqJ/
awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf t&SifOu| vnf; t&Sift&d,"rudk,fpm; vufHk;aumif;rsm; tajrmuftrsm;
&&SdqJyifwum;/
usrf;i,fudk bmomjyefqdk&mwGif tpp oifjyawmfrlonfh awmifwGif;BuD;q&mawmf t&SifOu|ESifh
tzufzufrS ulnDMuonfh udkwifatmifESifh udkcifarmifwkwf (vkyfom;aumvdyf) wkdYtm;
aus;Zl;wifygaMumif; rajym rjzpfEdkifyg [lvdk/
udkudkBuD; (awmifwGif;BuD;)
26? 2? 67
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
15
ar;cGef;trSwf (1)
&Sd&SdorQaomow0gtm;vHk;onf tewoabmcsnf;jzpfcJhvQif rnfonfhw&m;onf Zmwdy#doaE
wzefjyef aeygoenf;/ tu,f 0dnmOfr&SdcJhvQif Zmwdy#doaEonf tb,fenf;jzifh wzefjyef
aeygoenf;/ Ak'\ 0g't& Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyef aejcif;oabmudk tew odkYr[kwf
0dnmOfrJhw&m;a'oemESifhtnD &Sif;vif; a[mMum;awmfrlyg bk&m;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - a'gufwm at? trf? abum trfat? yDtdyf(csf)'D? bm;tufavm?
'Dtuf(pf)pD? uG,fvGefol tdEd,w&m;0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefaejcif;oabm[m tvGefeufeJw,f/

&Sif;vif;jyzdkY&mvnf; cufcJw,f/ em;vnfoabmaygufzdkYvnf; cJ,Of;vSw,f/ [dEL0g' 0dnmOf ul;ajymif;
w,fqdkwJh oabmeJYvnf; vHk;vHk;rwlbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'umBuD; rSefwcsyfudk ,lvmEdkif &ifawmh rSefxJrSm
t&dyfxifvmwJh oludk kwfw&uf Zmwdy#doaEtopfwzefjyefvmwJholtjzpfeJY vufawGY OyrmjyNyD;awmh
&Sif;jyEdkifygvdrfhr,f/
a'gufwm/
(tvGeftHhMooGm;NyD;) touf&Sifvsuf&Sdaeolwa,mufudk Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefNyD;
aeatmif vkyfEdkifyghrvm; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
Ak'&JhIaxmifhrSaeNyD; 'Dvdktouf&SifaewJhvl[m Zmwdy#doaEjyefaevdkY jzpfEdkifw,fvdkY ajym
&vdrfhr,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkdawmh 'D tckawGYjrifae&wJh 'umBuD;wdkY OD;yif;wdkY&JU kyfoPmefawGrSm taoG;
tom;? tdk;? taMumqdkwJh kyfuvmyfawG[m rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwjyuftwGif;rSmyif csKyfNidrf; ysufokOf;
aeMuvdkYyJ/ 'D oabmudk ,ck acwfopfodyHynmuvnf; [kwfrSefaMumif; 0efcHxm;NyDyJ/
(okdYESifh rSef,lvmaomtcg)
q&mawmf/
('umBuD;tm;ac:NyD;) uJ 'umBuD;? rSefa&SUrSm cP&yfygOD;/ NyD;awmh rSefxJuvleJY
ywfoufwJh ar;cGef;awGudkvnf; owdxm;NyD; ajzygOD;/ uJ 'umBuD;? rSefxJrSm b,folYudkjrifovJ/
'umBuD;/
rSefxJuvl[m wynfhawmfygyJ bk&m;/ wjcm;olr[kwfygbl;/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'gjzifh&if rSefxJuvleJY 'umBuD;[m ESpfa,mufvm;? wa,mufwnf;vm;/
'umBuD;/
(acwpOf;pm;aeNyD;aemuf) rSefxJuvleJYwynfhawmf[m wa,mufwnf;ygyJ q&mawmf/
'DvlygyJ/ wjcm;vl r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'gjzifh&if rSefxJuvlu b,fbufudk rsufESmvSnfhNyD; 'umBuD;u b,fbufudk
rsufESmvSnfh aewkef;/
'umBuD;/
wynfhawmfu ta&SUbufudk rsufESmvSnfhygw,f/ rSefxJuvlu taemufbufudk
rsufESmvSnfh ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;u ta&SUbufudkrsufESmrlaeNyD; rSefxJuvlutaemufbufudk rsufESmrlaevdkY&Sd&if
'umBuD;eJY tJ'DrSefxJuvl[m wa,mufwnf;? wOD;wnf;yJvdkY b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; 'umBuD; ajymEdkifwmvJ/
'umBuD;/
(tenf;i,ftBuHtdkufoGm;NyD;) wynfhawmftajzudk jyifajzyg&ap q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
ajzEdkifygw,f/
16
'umBuD;/
rSefxJuvl[m wynfhawmfr[kwfygbl;/ wynfhawmf&Jh t&dyfyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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'umBuD; vkyforQudk vkdufvkyfEdkifrSmaygh/ [kwf&Jhvm; 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/
rSefygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;&Jh t&dyf xifrIyJjzpfwJh? wenf;tm;jzifh 'umBuD;&Jht&dyfyJjzpfwJh "mwfyHka&SUrSm 'umBuD;u vufudk
ajrmufvdkuf&if 'umBuD;"mwfyHkuvnf; vufudkvdkufNyD; ajrmufyghrvm;/
'umBuD;/
t&dyfxifxm;wJh "mwfyHkuawmh wynfhawmfvkyfovdk vkdufvkyfrSmr[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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pum;[m rrSefawmhbl;aygh/
'umBuD;/
rrSefygbl; q&mawmf/
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uJ 'umBuD;? rSefa&SUrSmcP rwfwwf&yfygOD;/ uJ ... 'umBuD;&Jh nmbufvufudk
ajrmufNyD; jyefcs vdkufygOD;/ uJ 'umBuD; vkyfovdk rSefxJuvlu vkyfovm;/
'umBuD;/
vkyfygw,f q&mawmf/
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"gwfyHkxJuvlvdk 'umBuD;&Jh t&dyfygyJ/ 'umBuD;u r[kwfygbl;vdkYjiif;Edkifyghrvm;/ 'umBuD;u
jiif;aer,fqdk&if y&dwfxJu vlwa,mufudkac:NyD; ar;&OD;rSmvm;/
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ac:zdkYrvdkawmhygbl; q&mawmf/ rSefxJuvl[m wynfhawmfygyJvdkY wynfhawmf&Jhtajzudk
jyefjyifajz yg&ap q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ OD;yif;jycJhwJh taMumif;jycsufawGt& rSefxJuvl[m wjcm;vlr[kwfbJ
'umBuD;ygyJvdkYqkd&if 'umBuD;udk OD;yif; wrsdK;ar;&OD;r,f/ wu,fvdkY rSefudk OD;yif;u wleJYxkNyD;
cJGvdkuf&if rSefxJuvl[m wcg wnf; aysmufuG,foGm;vdrfhr,f/ tJ'DvdkaysmufuG,foGm;&if
'umBuD;aumwcgwnf;aysmufuG,foGm;rSmvm;/
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wynfhawmfuawmh b,faysmufuG,foGm;yghrvJ q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;/
wjcm;pDvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/ wynfhawmfawmh q&mawmf&Jhar;cGef;awGudk ajzudk
rajzwwf awmhygbl; q&mawmf/ q&mawmfuom Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefaejcif;qdkwJh oabmudk ykdNyD;
xifxif&Sm;&Sm; odjrifem;vnfatmif &Sif;jyygawmh/
q&mawmf/
rSefxJrSmvmxifwJht&dyf[m
Ak'tvdkawmfus
Zmwdy#doaEwzefjyefaewJhoabmeJY
wxyfwnf;yJ/ [dEL0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;wJhoabmeJY vHk;0rwlbl; qdkwmudkvnf; xif&Sm;apw,f/
rSefxJut&dyf[m
Zmwd
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okdYaomf
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t&dyfxifwJhvl[m rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvl vnf; r[kwf? odkY&mwGif wjcm;olvnf;r[kwf qkdwJh pum;udk
'umBuD; oabmaygufNyD r[kwfvm;/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
17
oAnKwPfawmf&Sif Ak'udk,fawmfwkdif jynfhjynfhpHkpHka[mMum;awmfrlwJh Ak'&Jh0g'[m y#dporkym'fw&m;

awmf rSm tajcwnfxm;w,f/ NyD;awmh taMumif;w&m;r&SdbJeJY tusdK;w&m;qdkwm ray:aygufEdkifbl;vdkY
twd tvif; jrGufqdkxm;w,f/ Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaE topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabmeJY qdkifwJh
jyemrSm 'D y#dporkym'fw&m;udk ydkNyD;&Sif;vif;atmif rSefxJuvleJY rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvlawGudk
vufawGYjycJhNyD/ 'Dae&mrSm rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvlu taMumif;w&m;yJ/ rSefxJrSmvmxifwJht&dyfu tusdK;
w&m;yJ 'umBuD;/
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t&dyfeJY rSefa&SUuvl[m wa,mufwnf;yJvdkYqkd&ifrSm;vdrfhr,f/ 'DvdkrqdkEdkifayr,fh rSefxJut&dyf[m rSefa&SU
uvl r[kwfbJ wjcm;vlvdkYvnf; rqdkEdkifbl;/ 'gaMumifh 'Dt&dyfeJY vl[m bmvJvdkYar;&if tckeu
ajymcJhovdk wcku taMumif;w&m;jzpfNyD; wcku tusdK;w&m;jzpf&vdrfhr,fvdkYyJ qkd&r,f/
Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaE topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabm ydkNyD; &Sif;onfxuf&Sif;atmif orkwdopmeJY
y&rw opm qkdwJh w&m;ESpfyg;udkvnf; qef;ppfbdkY vdkao;w,f/ orkwdopmqdkwmu 'Durm
avmuBuD;eJYwuG bHk toD;oD;rSm&SdwJh ow0gawG? w&m;pkawGudk rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,f? pdwf
pwJh w&m;pkeJY jrif? Mum;? erf;? pm;? awGY? xd? cHpm;&wJhtwdkif; trSefwu,f [kwfw,fvdkY ,lqxm;wJh
opmw&m;yJ/ 'Dopmw&m;t& tMuifvlwOD;wa,mufu ig[m igwdkY&Jh ukodkvf aumif;rIaMumifh
igaovdkY&Sd&if
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ajymEdkifw,f/
'gayr,fh
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cEmudk,fkyfaumifBuD;[m olYudk,fol xdef;odrf;Edkif&r,f/ rtdk&bl;? rem&bl;? rao&bl;/ wu,fvdkY
'DcEmudk,fkyfaumifwdkif;rSm rlvADZuwnf;u tdkrif;jcif;? ysufpD;jcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;qkdwJh
oabmawGygvmMuw,fqkd&if 'Dw&m;pkawG[m tedpaygh/ rNrJbl;/ tdkrif;jcif;? emzsm; jcif;? aoqHk;jcif;
qdkwmawGuvnf; 'ku qif;&Jjcif;aygh/ aemufqHk; rtdkatmif? rematmif? raoatmif rvkyfEdkifbl;
qkdwmawGuvnf; tewyJ/ bmrQ tESpfom&r&SdwJhoabmyJ/
y&rwopmurS wu,fh opmw&m;jzpfw,f/ 'Dw&m;t& b,fcEmudk,fkyfaumifrS r&Sdbl;/ b,furm?
b,fbHk&,fvdkYrS r&Sdbl;/ lyuEm? a0'euEm? onuEm? ocFg&uEm? 0dnmPuEm qkdwJh
cEmig;yg;om&Sd w,f/ 'DcEmig;yg;rSty tjcm;aom ow0g&,fvdkYrS r&Sdbl;/ opmav;yg;udk
rodrjrifwJhol? 'DjrifhjrwfwJhw&m; pkudk tav;*krjyKol? em;rvnfolwdkYuom 'Dkyfw&m;awGudk igh&Jh
cEmudk,fvdkY pJGrSwfMuw,f/ 'Dvdk kyfw&m; awGudk igh&Jh cEmudk,fvdkYyJ pJGrSwfMuovdk a0'euEmwkdY?
onuEmwdkY?
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taMumif;w&m;jzpfNyD; ypKyefb0rSm&SdwJh cEmig;yg;u tusdK;w&m;jzpfw,f/ wzef ypKyefb0u
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jzpf&r,f/ 'gayr,fh twdwfb0u cEmig;yg;w&m;awGeJY ,ck ypKyefb0rSm&SdwJh cEmig;yg;w&m;awG[m
twlwlyJvdkYqdk&ifrSm;r,f/ wzef twdwfb0u cEmig;yg;w&m;awGeJY uif;vGwfwJh wjcm;cEmig;yg;
w&m;awGjzpfw,fvdkYqkd&ifvnf; rrSefbl;/ bmjyKvdkYvJqdkawmh ,ck ypKyefb0rSm&SdwJh cEmig;yg;w&m;awGeJY
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r[kwfvm; 'umBuD;/
18
lyuEmw&m;awG? a0'euEmw&m;awG? onuEmw&m;awG? ocFg&uEmw&m;awG? 0dnmPuEm

w&m;awG 'Dw&m;awGxJu b,fw&m;rS rSefxJudk0ifoGm;wm rjrif&bl;/ 'gayr,fh rSefa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvludk
rSefxJrSm wax&mwnf; vHk;0OHk tukefjrifae&w,f/ rSefa&SUuvlubmvkyfvkyf? rSefxJuvlu
wckrusef wdwdusus tukefvkdufvkyfw,f/ b,favmuf vkdufvkyfovJqdkawmh tem;uMunfhaewJh
vluawmif rSef xJuvleJY rSefa&SUuvl[m wa,mufwnf;yJvdkY ajym&w,fr[kwfvm;/ wu,fawmh
rSefxJuvleJY rSefa&SUuvl[m wa,mufwnf;vnf; r[kwfbl;? wjcm;vlvnf; r[kwfbl;/ uJ 'umBuD;?
Ak'0g't& Zmwd y#doaE topfwzefjyefaejcif;oabmudk oabmaygufoGm;NyDvm;/
'umBuD;/
q&mawmf vufawGYOyrmay;NyD; &Sif;vif;jywJhtwGufoabmaygufem;vnfygNyD/
xdkaemuf w&m;emy&dwfxJrS 'umBuD;wa,mufu x ...

'D Zmwdy#doaEaejcif;oabmeJYywfoufvdkY tckvdk em;vnfoabmaygufatmifa[majymjywmudk 'Dwcg
yxr qHk; Mum;em&ygw,f/ Mum;em&wJhtwdkif;vnf; &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnfoabmaygufygw,f
q&mawmf/
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(ar;cGef;&Sif a'gufwm attrf abum bufvSnfhum) uJ 'umBuD;? Ak'0g't& Zmwd
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t0dZmw&m;aMumifh wu,f&Sdw,fvdkY xifjrifaeMu&wJh w&m;awGygyJ q&mawmf/ 'Dw&m;awG[m a&S;
orm;dk;us ,HkMunf,lq vmcJhMuwJhw&m;awGyg/ ,ckawmh uG,faysmufukefygNyD q&mawmf/ wynfhawmf
ar;wJh ar;cGef;udk auseyf&Sif;vif;atmif q&mawmf a[mMum;NyD;ygNyD/ wynfhawmf&Jhar;cGef;udk q&mawmfu
tew&JhoabmeJY &Sif;vif; atmif ajzqdkNyD;ygNyD/ om"k q&mawmf? om"k om"k/
y&dwftm;vHk;onf q&mawmf\ajz&Sif;csufudk oabmusojzifh om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muukefavonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
19
ar;cGef;trSwf (2)
uH\tusdK;w&m;aMumifh Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefae&onf [laomtcsufudk &Sif;jyEdkifygrnfavm
q&mawmf/ xdk uH\tusdK;w&m;onf tMuifyk*dKvfwOD;wa,muf rpkawrD tb,ft&yf? tb,fXmewGif
wnf&Sdaeygoenf;/ uH\tusdK;w&m;udk q&mawmf jyEdkifygrnfavm/
(uH\tusdK; [laompum;ESifh ur0dygu pum;onf twlwlyifjzpfygonf/ rSwfcsuf)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ uH&Jh tusdK;w&m;? wenf;tm;jzifh um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwkdY&Jh

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qdkwm[m uHqkdwJh w&m;&Jh yifudk,f tEko,tm;omvQif jzpfw,f/ taMumif;w&m; wkdif;rSm tusdK;w&m;
&Sdwmcsnf;yJ/ tck a[m'D y&dwfrSm&SdaewJhvlwdkif;vlwdkif;[m twdwfb0u uH taMumif;w&m;aMumifh
pGr;f&nfowdtrsdK;rsdK;? *kPfowdtrsdK;rsdK;? pdwfaeoabmxm;trsdK;rsdK;? tusifhpm&dwtrsdK;rsdK;? ywf0ef;usif
trsdK;rsdK;eJY kyfvuPm trsdK;rsdK; uJGjym;aeMu&w,f/ 'g[m twdwfb0uuH&Jh rsufjriftusdK;w&m;awGyJ/
'DuHw&m;&Jh t"duaphaqmf wdkufwGef;rI[m apwemESifhwuGaom pdwfjzpfw,f/ dk;dk;ajymaeqkdaeuspum;eJY
ajym&r,fqdk&ifawmh ]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} vdkYyJ ac:&rSmaygh/ ,ckrsufjrifavmu w&m;Hk;awGrSmvnf;
]]&nf&G,fcsuf}} udk t"duxm;NyD; w&m;pD&if aeMuwmyJ r[kwfvm; 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/
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,HkMunfhygw,f q&mawmf/ 'DtusdK;w&m;aMumifh tcsdKUu vpmawG? tjrwfawG? qkawG&NyD; wcsdKU
tjypf'PfawGcHMu&wm vnf; rsufjrifudk,fawGYygyJ q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh ,ckrsufarSmufb0&Jh
uHtaMumif;w&m;aMumifh tem*wf b0rSm Zmwdy#doaE topfwzefjyefaejcif; qdkwmudkawmh
r,HkMunfEdkifbJ
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Zmwdy#doaE
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awmh
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tMuifolwOD;wa,mmuf touf&SifaepOfumvtwGif; OD;acgif;xJrSmyJ udef;0yf aeovm;? OD;aESmufxJrSmyJ
udef;0yfaeovm;? tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;? 0rf;Adkuf xJrSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;?
vufawGxJrSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;? olYtem;rSmyJ udef;0yfaeovm;qdkwm odvkdvSygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
tif; 'DcufcJeufeJwJhjyemudk yHkyrmeJY&Sif;jyrSyJ 'umBuD;em;vnfoabmaygufrSmqdkawmh
uH&Jh tusdK;w&m;[m tMuifolwOD;wa,muf rpkawrcsif; rnfonfhae&m? rnfonfhXmerSm
udef;0yfaew,f qdkwm OyrmeJY&Sif;jyr,f/ uJ 'umBuD;? ESvHk;oGif;ayawmh/
Oyrm? vlwa,muf[m ntcsdefpma&;csifw,fwJh/ tJ'Dawmh ol[m za,mif;wdkif wwdkifudkxGef;w,f/
NyD;awmh pm&Gufw&Gufudk,lw,f/ tJ'Daemuf riftdk;xJrSm rifwHudkpdkufNyD; pmwapmifudka&;w,f/ tJ'Dvdk
pma&;NyD;wJhaemuf ol[m riftdk;awG rifwHawGudk odrf;NyD;awmhum rD;rIwfNyD;tdyfvdkufw,f/ pdwfeJYcEmudk,f
qdkwJh rifwHeJYriftdk;udkvnf; odrf;vdkufNyD/ apwemeJYwlwJh rD;udkvnf; Nidrf;vdkufNyD/ aemufqHk; um,uHrIeJY
wlwJh vufuvnf; ra&;awmhbl;/ &yfvkdufNyD/ 'gayr,fh tusdK;w&m;qdkwJh pm[mawmh [kdpm&Gufay:rSmyJ
&Sd aew,f r[kwfvm;/ tJ'DtusdK;w&m;[m ESpfumv&Snfvsm;pGm wnf&SdaeOD;rSmaygh/ tJ'DvdkyJ
uH&JhtusdK;w&m; [mvnf; xdkolaoonftxd wnf&SdaeNyD; Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefaeapwmaygh 'umBuD;/
20
'umBuD;/
'DudprSmawmha&;vdkufwJhpm[mpm&Gufay:rSmwifNyD;usefaecJhawmh rsufjrifjzpfNyD;&Sif;ygw,f
q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh uH&JhtusdK;w&m; udef;0yfwJhae&mXmeeJYywfoufvdkYawmh r&Sif;ao;bl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'gjzifh 'umBuD;udk OD;yif;u ar;&OD;r,f/ 'umBuD; ajzygOD;/
'umBuD;/
rSefygh? ajzyghr,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
av[m b,fae&mrSm udef;0yfaeovJ 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/
b,fae&mrSmrS rudef;0yfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
av[m b,fae&mrSmrS udef;0yfraeaomfvnf; wu,fuawmh &SdovdkyJ uH&Jh tusdK;w&m;
[mvnf; udef;0yfwJhae&mr&Sdaomfvnf; tMuifolwOD;wa,muf pkawonftxd&SdaeNyD; xdkoludk Zmwd
y#doaE wzefjyefaeapw,f 'umBuD;/
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wynfhawmfjzifh q&mawmftckay;wJhOyrmeJYvnf; 'Djyemudk&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;rvnf
ao;ygbl; q&mawmf/ uH&JhtusdK;w&m;aMumifh Zmwdy#doaEwzefjyefae&w,f qdkwJh oabmeJYywfoufvdkY
r,Hk w0uf? ,Hkw0uf jzpfaeygao;w,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dxufxif&Sm;jywfom;wJh Oyrmudk aqmifawmfrlygOD;
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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xkwf& vdrfhr,f/
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xkwfawmfrlyg q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;/
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q&mawmf/
tJ'DbJGYawGudk ajymjyprf;ygOD; 'umBuD;/
'umBuD;/
'DbJGUawGuawmh trfat? yDtdyf(csf)'D? 'Dtuf(pf)pD? 'Dvpf(wf) eJY bm;tuf(wf)avm
bJGUrsm; jzpfygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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'umBuD;/
'DbJGUtm;vHk;udk&zdkY&ef tESpfoHk;q,favmufBudK;pm;cJh&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
tckeu 'umBuD;ajymcJhwJh bJGUig;bJGUvHk;[m 'umBuD;rSm &Sdovm;/
'umBuD;/
wynfhawmfrSm 'DbJGUig;bJGUvHk; &Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;rSm 'DbJGUig;bJGUvHk;eJY ywfoufwJh t&nftcsif;awG&Sdr,fqdk&if tJ'D t&nftcsif;
awGxJu 'Dtuf(pf)pDbJGU (odyHynmyg&*lbJGU) &Jh t&nftcsif;awGudk a&G;xkwfNyD;awmh OD;yif;udk jyprf;yg/
'umBuD;/
(acwcPrQpOf;pm;NyD;aemuf) 'DodyHynmbJGUeJYywfoufwJhvufrSwfudk wynfhawmf xkwfjy
Edkifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
OD;yif;u 'umBuD;[m a'gufwm trfabumvdkY wdwdusus rajymEdkifbl;/ tJ'Dawmh
'umBuD;u pm&Gufpmwrf;awG? vufrSwfawGudk xkwfjyvdkY tydkyJ/ OD;yif;wdwdususvdkcsifwmuawmh
'umBuD;rSm&SdwJh 'D odyHynmyg&*lbJGUeJYqkdif&m t&nftcsif;awGudkom vdkcsifwmyJ/
'umBuD;/
q&mawmf/
'Dvdk 'DbJGUeJYqkdifwJh t&nftcsif;awGudk oD;oefYxkwfEIwfjyzdkYuawmh vHk;0 rjzpfEdkifygbl;
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
21
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;ajymwJhtwdkif;qdk&if'umBuD;tckeuajymcJhwJhbJGUig;bJGUeJY ywfoufwJht&nftcsif;
awG 'umBuD;rSm r&Sdbl;vdkYbJ OD;yif; ,lq&awmhrSmaygh/
'umBuD;/
trSefuawmh wynfhawmfrSm'DbJGUig;bJGUeJYywfoufwJht&nftcsif;awG&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
NAdwdoQ tpdk;&uawmif 'Dt&nftcsif;awG wynfhawmfrSm &Sdw,fvdkY todtrSwfjyKxm;ygw,f/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;u tckvdk tcdkiftrmajym&ifjzifh 'umBuD;&Jht&nftcsif;awG[m 'umBuD;&Jh
OD;acgif;xJrSm &Sdw,faygh/
'umBuD;/
OD;acgif;xJrSmawmh r&Sdygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmvm;/
'umBuD;/
tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh 0rf;AdkufxJrSmvm;/
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0rf;AdkufxJrSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh vufawGxJrSmvm;/
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vufawGxJrSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh 'umBuD;tem;rSmyJvm;/
'umBuD;/
tem;rSmvnf; r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;[m ESpfaygif; 30eD;yg; 'DbJGUig;bJGUeJY ywfoufwJht&nftcsif;awGeJY
jynfhpHkatmifBudK;pm; vmcJh&w,f/ 'Dt&nftcsif;awGeJY jynfhpHkvmwmvnf; ESpfaygif; 20 eD;yg;&SdNyD/
'Dt&nftcsif;awGeJY 'umBuD; [m wu,fjynfhpHkw,fqkdNyD; NAdwdoQtpdk;&u 'umBuD;udk Oya'ynmqkdif&m
aumvdyfausmif;rSm ausmif;tkyfBuD; &mxl;udk ay;tyfcJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'umBuD;[m 'umBuD;&Jh
t&nftcsif;awGudk b,frSmodkavSmif xm;w,fqdkwmudk 'umBuD;rajymjyEdkifbl;/ 'D t&nftcsif; awG
b,frSm udef;0yfaew,f qdkwmudkvnf; rajymjyEdkifbl;/ 'gwGifrubl; 'umBuD;rSm tck&SdaewJh
t&nftcsif;awG[m ,ckrsufarSmufb0rSm 'umBuD;&Jh tm;xkwfrI? BudK;pm;rIwdkYrS ay:xGufvm&wJh
tusdK;w&m;awGyJ/ wenf;tm;jzifhajymr,fqkd&if 'umBuD;&Jh rsufarSmufb0uH&Jh tusdK;w&m;awGcsnf;yJ/
'DtusdK;w&m;awGudk'umBuD;[m aoonfhwkdifatmifcHpm;&r,f/ 'gayr,fh 'umBuD;[m 'DtusdK;w&m; awG
udk jyvnf;rjyEdkifbl;/ b,fae&mrSm olwdkYudef;0yfaew,fvdkYvnf; rajymEdkifbl;/ 'DuH&JhtusdK;w&m;qdkwm
tMuifolwOD;wa,mufaoonftxd xdkolvkyfcJhudkifcJhwJh vkyf&yfrsm; twkdif; olvkyfcJhwm aumif;&ifvnf;
aumif;ovdk? qdk;&ifvnf; qkd;ovdk? aumif;usdK;? qdk;usdK;wdkYudk ay;aewmyJ/ NyD;awmh tckb0rSm
vkyfwJhvkyf&yftvdkuf tem*wfb0rSmvnf; uH&JhtusdK;ay;w&m; aumif;&if vnf; aumif;rGefpGmeJY
Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefae&r,f/ qdk;&ifvnf; 'kuqif;&JBuD;pGmeJY Zmwdy#doaE wzef jyefae&r,f/ uJ
'umBuD;? 'D rjriftyf? rjrifEdkifwJh uH&JhtusdK;w&m;aMumifh Zmwdy#doaE wzef b,fvdk jyefae&w,f
qdkwJhoabmudk em;vnfoGm;NyDvm;/
'umBuD;/
rSefygh? q&mawmf&Jh OyrmaMumifh wynfhawmf 'Djyemudk aumif;aumif;BuD; em;vnf
oabm aygufoGm;ygNyD/ 'D uH&JhtusdK;w&m;eJYywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfrSm oHo,r&Sd? cRif;csufr&Sd ,HkMunf
ygNyD q&mawmf/ 'gwGifrubl;? rSm;,Gif;wJh ordk;us zefqif;&Sif0g'rSm;awGvnf; ajyaysmufukefygNyD
q&mawmf/
22
xdktcsdefwGif y&dwfxJrS zm&pDvlrsdK; 'umwa,mufu x ...
q&mawmf&Jh uH\tusdK;w&m;eJYywfoufwJh todPf? ynmom;ygwJha[majymrIaMumifh trsdK;rsdK;aom

t,ltqrSm;awG? ordk;ustjrifrSm;awG[mtm;vHk; tarSmifxkudkaea&mifjcnfucGif;vdkufovdk uG,faysmuf
ukefygNyD/ 'DtaMumif;w&m;&Sd&if tusdK;[mvnf;rvJGraoG&Sd&r,fqkdwJh jrifhrm;rSefuefvSwJh a'oemudk
b,folurS rcsdK;zsufEdkifbl;qkdwmudkvnf; wynfhawmfwdkY tckdiftNrJ,HkMunfMuygNyD q&mawmf/
xdkaemuf y&dwfxkBuD; w&yfvHk;u om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
23
ar;cGef;trSwf (3)
Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaEtopfwzefjyefaejcif;oabmESifh [dEL0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;oabmwdkYonf
rnfuJhodkY uJGjym;jcm;em;Muoenf;/
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefaejcif;oabm[m y#dporkym'fw&m;ay:

rSm tajcwnfw,f/ ,ckrsufarSmufb0rSm &SdaewJh lyuEm? a0'euEm? onuEm? ocFg&uEm?
0dnmPuEmwdkY[m ,ckb0rSmjyKvkyfcJhwJh uH&JhtusdK;? wenf;tm;jzifh um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwkdY&Jh tusdK;
w&m;jzifh tm;vHk;ysufpD;rS Zmwdy#doaE[m topfwzefjyefaew,f/ 'Dvdk Zmwdy#doaE topfwzefjyefae
wJh ae&mrSm b0a[mif;u 'DajymcJhwJh cEmawGxJu b,fcEmrS ygroGm;bl;/ ,ck rsufarSmufb0rSm
vkyfudkifcJhorQ uHw&m;wdkY[m tusdK;w&m;csnf;yJ/ NyD;awmh ,ck rsufarSmufb0rSm jyKvkyfcJhorQ?
vkyfudkifcJhorQ uHw&m;wdkY&Jh tusdK;w&m;awGeJY Zmwdy#doaEtopfwzefjyefae&mrS ay:aygufvmwJh cEm
ig;yg;w&m;awG[m tem*wfb0rSm rvJTomra&Smifom jzpfay:vm&r,fh tusdK;w&m;awGyJ 'umBuD;/
t0dZmw&m;eJY Oyg'gefw&m;wdkY&Jhavmif;&dyfatmufrSm jyKvkyfaerQ umvywfvHk; 'Dvkyf&yfrsm;
wenf;tm;jzifh uHw&m;rsm;&Jh tusdK;w&m;[m Zmwdy#doaEwzefjyefaejcif;jzpfw,f/ wrsdK;ajymr,fqkd&if
t0dZmeJY Oyg'gef w&m;wdkYudk t&if;cHNyD; vkyfaeMuorQ umvywfvHk; Zmwdy#doaE[m
wzefjyefae&rSmcsnf;yJ/ 'gaMumifh Ak' u 0dyemw&m;udk tBudK;wukwftm;xkwfNyD; 'D t0dZmeJY
Oyg'gefw&m;awGudk jzwfawmufypf&r,f/ aemufqHk; uHw&m;awGudk y,fzsufNyD; aemufqHk; edAmef&atmif
BudK;pm;&r,fvdkY a[mawmfrlcJhwmaygh/ wynfh wa,mufu q&m&Jh yg;pyfu&GwfzwfwJhuAsmvuFmawGudk
q&mu olYyg;pyfxJrS wynfhyg;pyfxJudk ul;ajymif; xnfhay;jcif; rjyKbJeJY &GwfzwfEdkifovkdyJ Ak'0g't&
Zmwdy#doaE[mvnf; wzefjyefaejcif;jzpfw,f/ wenf; tm;jzifhqdk&if rSefwcsyfa&SUrSm&yfaewJhvl&Jh
cEmig;yg;xJrS b,fcEmrS rSefxJudk 0ifroGm;bJ xdkvl&Jh t&dyf[m rSefxJrSm vmxifovdk Ak'0g't&
Zmwdy#doaE[mvnf; b,fw&m;rQ ul;ajymif;jcif;r&SdbJeJY topfwzef jyefaejcif; jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
'gaMumifh [dEL0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;eJY Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaE topfwzefjyefaejcif;wkdY[m
tvGefyif uJGjym;jcm;em;w,f/ [dEL0g't& tw odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfvdkYac:wJhw&m;[m csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;
oGm;wJh ,ck rsufarSmufb0&Jh cEmudk,fxJuaeNyD;awmh aemifb0rSm topfjzpfay:vmwJh cEmudk,fxJudk
ul;ajymif;oGm;&w,fwJh/ 'g[m [dEL0g'udk xlaxmifwnfaqmufaeMuwJh jA[PwdkY&Jh pdwful;eJY
wDxGifcJhMuwJh t,l0g'yJ/ 'D t,l0g'[m tajctjrpfr&SdwJh tay:,HoabmrQomjzpfwJh t,l0g'yJ/
'gaMumifh 'Dtw odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfvdkY ac:wJh w&m;&Jh *kPfowdeJY t&nftcsif;wdkYudk b,folurS
tcktcsdeftxd &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;ajymrjyEdkifbl;/ topfjzpfwJh cEmudk,fxJrSmvnf; b,fae&mrSm 'Dtw
odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfw&m;[m wnf&Sdw,fvdkYvnf; ajym rjyEdkifbl; 'umBuD;/
ajrGwaumif[m olY&Jhta&a[mif;udk qJGxkwfNyD; ta&opfxJrSm topfwzefjyefNyD; 0ifaeovdk? wenf;
tm;jzifh vlwOD;wa,muf[m olY&Jhtusa[mif;udk cRwfNyD; tustopfwxnfudkvJ0wfum tJ'Dtustopf
eJY tvkyfoGm;vkyfovdk tw odkYr[kwf 0dnmOf[mvnf; cEmudk,fta[mif;udkpGefYNyD; cEmudk,ftopfxJrSm
b0opf wzefjyefaew,fvdkY b*0g*DwxJrSm (AdEdk;bk&m;0ifpm;w,fvdkY qdkxm;wJh) &S&Dc&pf&Se bk&m;u
a[mcJhw,fvdkY yl&Pfusrf;jyKq&mawGu a&;om;cJhw,f 'umBuD;/
24
wcg r[mbm&wusrf;xJrSmawmh tZKe u olY&Jh 0rf;uJGnDtpfudkawmfol 'l&da,m'eudk rowfvdkaMumif;

jiif;qefwJhtcgrSm &S&Dc&pf&Sebk&m;u ]]tZKe? tcsif; tZKe owfol&,fvdkYvnf; r&Sdbl;? aool
&,fvdkYvnf; r&Sdbl;/ oifh&Jh tvGefxif&Sm;ausmfMum;wJh av;ndKUudkqJGNyD; oif&Jh tvGef pGrf;yum;
BuD;rm;vSwJh jrm;jzifh 'k&da,m'eudk ypfavavmh}} vdkY trdefY&Sdw,fvdkY a&;om;xm;jyefw,f/ 'D
pum;ESpfcGef;vHk;[m &S&Dc&pf&Sebk&m; udk,fawmfjrwf a[mcJhwJh w&m;csnf;yJwJh/ wcku b*0g*DwxJrSm
ygw,f/ wcku r[mbm&wxJrSm ygw,f/ wckeJYwck[m rudkufnDbl;/ qefYusifaew,f/ trSefuawmh
tajctjrpfr&SdwJh pdwful;csufrsm;? ,lqcsufrsm; om jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
Ak'a[mawmfrlcJhwJh tbd"rmxJrSm pdwfESifhapwoduf ESpf&yfaygif; emrf(53)yg;? tmkH (6)yg;?
tmkHjzpfyGm;ap EdkifwJhkyf (28)yg;? tmkHxif&m 'Gg& (6)yg;? (6)'Gg& rSm (6)tmkHxif[yfwdkif; jzpfay:vmwJh
0dnmOf(6)yg;? wPSm (6)yg;eJY Oyg'gef (4)yg;? tJ'D wPSmeJY Oyg'gefwdkYudk jzpfyGm;apwJh a&aomufjrpf
a0'em(6)yg; ponftm;jzifh ydkif; jcm;xm;w,f/ emrfydkif;rSmvnf; pdwfESifh apwoduf 2rsdK;&SdNyD;
tmHkxif[yfrI? tmHkcHpm;rItvdkuf pdwftrsdK;rsdK; cJGjcm;xm;ao;w,f/ tJ'D[mawGuawmh avmb
t&if;cHwJh avmbrlpdwf (8)yg;? a'got&if;cHwJh a'gorl pdwf (2)yg;? arm[t&if;cHwJh arm[rlpdwf
(2)yg;? aygif; (12)yg;ygyJ/ 'D (12)yg;aom pdwfwdkYudk tukodkvfpdwf vdkY ac:w,f 'umBuD;/
tJ'gtjyif t[dwfpdwf (18)yg;? umraombPpdwf(24)yg;? lypdwf (15)yg;? tlypdwf (12)yg;?
avmukw&m pdwf tusOf; (8)yg;? tus,f(40) pkpkaygif; pdwftusOf; (89)yg; &Sdw,f/
tus,ftm;jzifhqkd&if (121)&Sdw,f/ pdwfeJY ,SOfwJGaewJh apwodufawGuvnf; z (awGYxdrI)? a0'em
(cHpm;rI)? onm (rSwfom;rI)? apwem (aphaqmfrI)? {u*wm (tmHkpkaygif;rI)? ZD0dwd`Ed, (kyfESifhemrfudk
&Sifoefatmifapmifhxdef;rI)? reoDum& (ESvHk;oGif;rI)? 0dwuf (tmHkudk a&SUIapvTwfrI)? 0dpm&
(tmHkqifjcifrI)? tcdarmu (tmHkudkqHk;jzwfrI)? 0d&d, (vHkYvjyKrI)? yDwd (ESpfoufrI)? qE (jyKvkdrI)?
arm[ (awGa0rI)? t[d&du (tukodkvfudkr&SufrI)? taemwy (tukodkvfudk raMumufrI)? O'p (ysHUvGifhrI)?
avmb (wyfrufrI)? 'd|d (t,lrSm;rI)? rme (axmifvTm;rI)? a'go (trsufxGufrI)? m (olwyg;
pnf;pdrfudk remvdkrI)? rp&d, (rdrdpnf;pdrfudk 0efwdkrI)? ukuKp (jyKNyD; tukodkvf? rjyKrdaom
ukodkvfwdkYaMumifh pdwfyifyef;rI)? xde (udk,f\xdkif;rdIif;rI)? rd' (pdwf\xdkif;rdIif;rI)? 0dpdudpm (oHo,&SdrI)?
o'm (,HkMunfrI)? owd (rarhrI)? [d&d (tukodkvfjyK&rnfudk&SufrI)? Mowy(tukodkvf jyK&rnfudk
aMumufrI)? tavmb (pGefYvTwfrI)? ta'go (cspfcifrI)? wMwrZwwm (tv,ftvwf oabm xm;rI)?
um,y'd (udk,f\Nidrf;at;rI)? pdwy'd (pdwf\Nidrf;at;rI)? um,v[kwm (udk,f\ayghyg;rI)?
pdwv[kwm (pdwf\ayghyg;rI)? um,rk'kwm (udk,f\El;nHhrI)? pdwrk'kwm (pdwf\El;nHhrI)?
um,urnwm (udk,f\trIckdifcHhrI)? pdwurnwm (pdwf\trIckdifcHhrI)? um,yg*knwm
(udk,f\uRrf;usifrI)? pdw yg*knwm (pdwf\uRrf;usifrI)? um,kZkuwm (udk,f\ajzmifhrwfrI)?
pdwKZkuwm (pdwf\ajzmifhrwfrI)? orm0gpm (raumif;wmudk rajymjcif;)? ormurE (raumif;aom
tvkyfudk rvkyfjcif;)? ormtmZD0 (aumif;pGm toufarG;jcif;)? ukPm (qif;&Jolukd oem;jcif;)? rk'dwm
(csrf;omrI&olwdkYtwGuf0rf;ajrmufjcif;) tp &Sdonfjzifh (52)yg;&Sdw,f 'umBuD;/
kyf taetm;jzifhvnf; ajr? a&? av? rD; "mwfBuD;av;yg;vdkY ac:aeMuwJh r[mbkwfav;yg;ESifh t&Hkyfao;
(24)yg;? aygif; (28)yg;&Sdjyefw,f/ tJ'DajymcJhwJh pdwf apwodufawG? kyfawGudk wl&mwl&m pkyHkNyD;
zJGUpnf;Munfh vdkufawmh lyuEm? a0'euEm? onuEm? ocFg&uEm? 0dnmPuEm qdkwJh
cEmig;yg;yJ&w,f/ tm,we tm;jzifh zJGU&if (12)yg;&Sdw,f/ "mwftm;jzifh zJGY&if (18)yg;&Sdw,f/ tJ'gawG
tm;vHk;udk tusOf;qHk; xyfNyD; csKyfvdkufawmh emrfeJYkyf (2)yg;om &Sdw,f/
trSeftm;jzifh txufyg kyfemrf(2)yg; ocFg&w&m;awG[m rD;pmESifhqDaMumifh awmufavmifaewJh rD;awmuf
rD;vQHvdk tqufrjywf csKyfNidrf;aeNyD; tqufrjywf awmufavmifaewJh w&m;rQomjzpfw,f/ tpOfxm0&
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
25
wnfwHhcdkifNrJaezdkY rajymxm;eJY? rsufpdwrSdwf vQyfwjyuftwGif;rSmyif uka#wodef;cefY csKyfNidrf;ysufpD;&wJh

w&m;omjzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh tw odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfqdkwJhw&m;u 'Dw&m;awGudk zefqif;w,f?
jy|mef;w,f? jyKjyifw,f qdkwm bmrQ ,kwd,kwmr&Sdbl;qdkwm xif&Sm;aeNyDr[kwfvm;/ 'D tw odkYr[kwf
0dnmOfqdkwJh w&m;[m &Sdvnf; r&Sdbl;/ vltcsdKU&JhpdwfxJrSm &Sdw,fvdkY xifjrif,lqxm;wJh w&m;rQom
jzpfw,f'umBuD;/
tw odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfeJYqkdif&m oabmw&m;ukd yvufESifh y&dwfrEmefacwftwGif;rS &pf(*f)a0'usrf;?
omr a0'usrf;? ck'*Dwusrf;? twm&a0'usrf; pwJh [dELusrf;*efwdkYxJrSm rawGY&bl; 'umBuD;&Jh/
'gayr,fh ausmuf wHk;? ausmufkyfwkdYudk bk&m;toGifxm;NyD; udk;uG,fwJhacwf aemufydkif;usawmhrS
jA[PawGu tw0g' odkYr[kwf 0dnmOfeJYqkdif&m oabmw&m;udk qJGoGif;vmMuw,f/ 'D0g't& y&rwr
(tjrwfqHk;bk&m;ocif) udk,fawmfjrwfudk zefqif;&SiftaeeJY r[kwfrrSefzefwD;xm;NyD; pMum0Vm wckvHk;
twGif;rSm&SdwJh vl? wd&pmef ow0g &Sd&SdorQwdkY&Jh twawG[m 'D y&rwrudk,fawmfjrwf&Jh cEmudk,frS
vGifhpifusaewJh rD;aygufrD;zGm;awG omjzpfw,fvdkY a[mMu? ajymMu? a&;om;Muw,f/ &pf(*f)a0'?
omra0'? twm&a0'usrf;wkdY&Jh yvuf acwftwGif;u yvuftwwfawG? rEmeftwwfawGudk
jzefYcsDaeMuwJh jA[PawG[m y&rwrudk,fawmf jrwf&Jh udk,fpm;vS,fawmfrsm;taeeJY tylaZmf
tuefawmhcHcJhMuw,f 'umBuD;/ tJ'g [dELt,l0g'xJudk tw odkYr[kwf 0dnmOf0g'udk xdk;oGif;vmcJhyHkyJ
'umBuD;/
Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaE wzefjyefvnfaejcif;ESifh [dEL0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;oabmwdkYudk ususee
xifxif&Sm;&Sm;em;vnfoabmayguf&if
'Doabmw&m;ESpfck[m
wckeJYwckt0DpdeJYb0*favmuf
uGmjcm;vsuf &Sdwmudk awGY&ygvdrfhr,f/
a'gufwm/
'D Ak'0g't& Zmwdy#doaEwzefjyefaejcif;oabmeJY [dEL0g't& 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;
oabmwdkYudk q&mawmfu ,ckuJhodkY tajctjrpfupNyD; jyefvnf&Sif;jyawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf 'D jA[P
awG[m olwdkY udk,fusdK;twGuf vlawGtcsif;csif; ZmwdawGudk cJGjcm;xm;ovdk 'Dtw0g'udkvnf; wDxGif
xm;Muw,f qkdwmudk wynfhawmfwdkY xifxif&Sm;&Sm;BuD; odjrifoabmaygufvmMuygNyD q&mawmf/
xdktwGif; y&dwfxJrS 'umBuD;wa,mufu x ...

q&mawmfbk&m;? wynfhawmfwkdYudk,fwdkif [dELbmomudkudk;uG,fMuw,fqkdayr,fh wynfhawmfwdkYudktvGef
aumufuspfyg;eyfvSwJh jA[PawGu a'0usrf;awG[m olwdkYvdkjrifhjrwfwJh jA[PawGeJYomqkdifw,f?
omrefvlawG rudkif&? rxd&vdkY wif;wif;MuyfMuyf wm;jrpfxm;MuwJhtwGuf wynfhawmfwdkY&Jh [dELw&m;&Jh
tajccHjzpfwJh a'0usrf;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY bmrQem;rvnfbJ jzpfMu&ygw,f/ uaeYrSyJ q&mawmfu
tw0g' &Jh t&if;tjrpfudk &Sif;vif;a[majymawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf wynfhawmfwdkY[m tweJY y&rwrwdkYeJY
ywfouf wJh jyemudk em;vnfMuygw,f bk&m;/ 'gaMumifh wynfhawmfwkdYudk zdxm;wJh orm;dk;us
t,ltqawGudk z,f&Sm;awmfrlvdkufNyD; vrf;rSefudk nTefjyawmfrlvkdufwJhtwGuf q&mawmftm; aus;Zl;
txl;wifvSygw,f bk&m;/
xdkaemuf y&dwfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
26
ar;cGef;trSwf (4)
edAmef [laomw&m;onf wu,fyif &Sdygovm;bk&m;/ tu,f &Sdygu xdkw&m;onf tb,frSmenf;/
rnfonfh w&m;ESifhwlygoenf; bk&m;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - bHkbdkifNrdKU yJGpm;BuD; rpwmvuf(uf)'g0g;vm;? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf
t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ 'umBuD;&Jhtar;ykpm[m wcsufckwf oHk;csufjywf ar;cGef;yJ? 'umBuD;&Jh

ar;cGef;udk ajz&mrSm OD;yif;[m wm0efoHk;ckudk wcgwnf; xrf;aqmif&vdrfhr,f/
yxrwm0efu edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&SdaMumif; jyzdkYjzpfw,f/
'kwd, wm0efuawmh edAmef[m b,fae&mrSm&Sdw,f qdkwm jyzdkYjzpfw,f/
wwd, wm0efuawmh edAmef&Jh toGiftjyifvuPmudk azmfxkwfjyzdkY jzpfw,f/
yxrqHk;wm0efjzpfwJh edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&SdaMumif;jyzdkY&m 'umBuD;udk OD;yif;u jyefNyD;
ar;&vdrfhOD; r,f/ uJ 'umBuD;uvnf; ajzygOD;/
q&mawmf/
,aeY urmay:rSm &SdaeMuwJhvlawGtm;vHk;[m toufw&mxdatmif aeMu&yghrvm;/
0g;vm;/
toufw&mxdatmif aeMu&rSm r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
olwdkYwawG bmjzpfukefMuygrvJ 'umBuD;/
wGif q&mawmfu oifykef;ay: wzufrS edAmef[laomw&m; wu,fwrf;wnf&SdaeyHkESifh tjcm;wzufrS

pMum0VmBuD;ESifhwuG pMum0VmBuD;ay:wGif &Sd&SdorQaom ow0gwdkY\ rwnfrNrJazmufjyefwwfonfh
oabmwdkYudk atmufygtwdkif; EdIif;,SOfa&;om;jyygonf/
pMum0VmBuD;
ESifh
qefYusifbufedAmef
1/ aojcif;w&m; &Sd\/
1/ aojcif;w&m; r&Sd/
2/ tdkjcif;w&m; &Sd\/
2/ tdkjcif;w&m; r&Sd/
3/ emjcif;w&m; &Sd\/
3/ emjcif;w&m; r&Sd/
4/ 'kuESifhqif;&Jjcif; &Sd\/
4/ 'kuESifhqif;&Jjcif;wdkYrS uif;Nidrf;onfh wu,fh

csrf;omokc &Sd\/
5/ rwnfNrJ/
5/ wnfNrJ\/
6/ pdwfESifhuHwdkY\ zefqif;rI/
6/ pdwfESifhuHwdkYu rzefqif;/ (tocFw"mwf)
7/ ysufpD;\/ (tedp)
7/ rysufpD;Edkif/ (edp)
8/ tptqHk;&Sd\/ (tm'dteE)
8/ tptqHk; r&Sd/ (tem'dteE)
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
pMum0VmBuD;
27
ESifh
qefYusifbufedAmef
9/ roefY&Sif;acs/
9/ oefY&Sif;\/
10/ arG;zGm;Mu&\/ (Zmwd)
10/ arG;zGm;Mu&jcif;r&Sd (tZmwd)
11/ rodrjrifjcif;?
11/ w&m;rsm; tm;vHk;rS uif;pif\/
pJGvrf;jcif;?
vdkcsifwyfrufjcif;? pdwfqdk;jcif;? Murf;wrf;jcif;?
&efNidK;zJGUjcif; ponfh w&m;rsm; &Sd\/
(t0dZm? Oyg'gef? avmb? a'go)
12/ oHa,mZOfBudK; (10)acsmif;jzifh aESmifzJGYxm;\/
12/ rnfonfh oHa,mZOfBudK;rQ r&Sd/
13/ taESmiftzJGY &Sd\/
13/ vGwfvyf\/
14/ oHo&mtwGif; &Sd\/
14/ oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf\/
15/ t&omrsm; &Sd\/
15/ vGwfajrmufonfht&om wckwnf;om &Sd\/
16/ tmomajyrI r&Sd/
16/ tmomajyvsuf &Sd\/
17/ csdK;ESdrf &\/ (oH0&oabm &Sd\)
17/ csdK;ESdrf r&/ (toH0&oabm &Sd\)
18/ tuefYtowf &Sd\/
18/ tuefYtowf r&Sd
19/ cHpm;jcif; (a0'em)ESifh wyfrufjcif; (wPSm) 19/ a0'emESifh wPSmw&m;wdkYrS vGwfajrmuf\/

w&m; wkdYjzifh tDae\/
20/ wu,fr&Sd (y&rwfr[kwf? rNrJ)
20/ wu,f&Sd\/ (y&rwf)? NrJ\/
21/ pMum0Vmonf wu,fr&Sd
21/ edAmefonf wu,f&Sd\/
q&mawmf/
(txufygtwdkif; oifykef;BuD;ay: a&;om;jyNyD;aemuf ...) uJ 'umBuD;? tck OD;yif;
a&;jyxm; wJh qef;ppfcsuft& edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,fwrf;&Sdw,fqdkwmudk vufcHEdkif&Jhvm;/
0g;vm;/
edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&Sdw,fqdkwJhtcsufeJYywfoufvdkY q&mawmf &Sif;jywJh tcsuf
tm;vHk;udk wynfhawmfvufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fh ow0gawGrSm Zmwdw&m; csKyfNidrf;oGm;&w,f qdkwJh
tcsuf udkawmh wynfhawmf OD;acgif;xJrSm r&Sif;ao;bJ jzpfaeygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh OD;yif;u &Sif;jy&ao;wmaygh/ 'umBuD;? arG;zGm;jcif; (Zmwdw&m;) qdkwm[m
aojcif;&Jh taMumif;w&m;yJ/ edAmefa&mufNyD;rS ow0gwOD;OD;[m zGm;&OD;r,fqdk&if xdkow0g[m ao&rSm
trSefjzpfw,f/ tJ'Dvdk aojcif;w&m;&Sdae&if edAmef[m arG;zGm;jcif;? tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif;qdkwJhw&m;awG
28
csKyfNidrf;&mw&m; r[kwfawmhbl;/ jrpfwpif;[m jrpfzsm;cH&ma'orSm arG;zGm;NyD; jrpf0txd[m 'Djrpf&Jh

woufwmb0yJ/ 'Denf;twkdif;yJ ow0gwOD;OD;&Jhb0woufwm[m arG;zGm;wJhtcgupNyD; aowJhtcgrSm
tqHk;owf&w,f/ 'gaMumifhedAmefqdkwJh w&m;xJrSm arG;zGm;jcif;qdkwJh w&m;r&Sdawmhbl;/ arG;zGm;jcif;eJY ao
jcif;[m BudK;wacsmif;xJyJ/ tpwzufu arG;zGm;jcif;qdkwmjzpfNyD; useftpwzufu aojcif;yJ/ onfhjyif
tcsufwcsufvnf; &Sdao; w,f/ tJ'gu arG;zGm;jcif;eJY aojcif;wdkY[m 'kuw&m;awGvnf;jzpfw,f/
NrJvnf;NrJwJhw&m;awG r[kwfMubl; 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/
q&mawmf&Jh &Sif;vif;csufjzifh arG;zGm;jcif;eJY aojcif;w&m;wdkYtaMumif;udk wynfhawmf
&Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnfygNyD q&mawmf/ edAmefqdkwJh w&m;[mvnf; arG;zGm;jcif;? aojcif;qdkwJh
w&m;wdkY&Jh uif;Nidrf; &m jzpfw,f qkdwmudkvnf; odjrifem;vnfygNyD q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
tck 'umBuD;u edAmefqkdwJYw&m;[m t[kwftrSef&SdaMumif;udk ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY
vufcHygNyD qdkawmh OD;yif;u edAmefqkdwJYw&m;[m b,fae&mrSm&SdygovJ qkdwJh 'kwd,tqifh ar;cGef;udk
ajzMum;& OD;r,f/
txufu OD;yif; &Sif;vif;jycJhwJh tcsuftvufrsm;t& edAmefqdkwJhw&m; udef;0yfzdkY ae&mXme &SdvdkY
rjzpfawmhbl;/ tu,f ae&mXmewck&SdcJhvQif xdkae&mXme&Jh rlvADZw&m;&Sd&r,f/ rlvADZw&m; &SdwmeJY
wNydKifeuf xdkw&m;[m ysufpD;csKyfNidrf;oGm;&r,f/ trSefuawmh edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m yx0D? awaZm?
tmayg? 0ga,m qkdwJh r[mbkwfBuD;(4)yg;eJY bmrQrywfoufbl;/ uif;vGwfw,f/ 'D r[mbkwfBuD;
(4)yg;eJY uif;vGwfvdkufwmeJYwNydKifeuf bmw&m;rQr&Sdbl;/ bmkyf0wKrQr&Sdbl;/ bmtoGifoPmefrSvnf;
r&Sdbl;/ b,fae&mXmerSvnf; r&Sdbl;/ 'D r[mbkwfBuD; (4)yg; pkaygif;jzpfay:&wJhw&m;[lorQrSm ysufpD;
csKyfNidrf;&wmcsnf;yJ/ bmjyKvdkYvJ qkdawmh pwifjzpfay:jcif; (Zmwd)? wdk;wufzGHUNzdK;jcif;? ysufpD;,dk,Gif;jcif;?
csKyfNidrf;jcif; qdkwJh w&m;awG[m 'D r[mbkwfBuD; (4)yg;wdkY&Jh rlvADZu ygvmwJh oabmawGjzpfvdkYyJ
'umBuD;/ 'gudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh edAmef qdkwJhw&m; wnf&SdzdkYtwGuf ae&mXmeqdkwm rvdkbl; qdkwJh tcsuf
[m xif&Sm;oGm;NyD 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/
'Dvdk edAmefqdkwJhw&m; udef;0yfzdkY ae&mXme&,fvdkYr&Sd&if 'Dw&m;[m b,fvdkvkyfNyD; &SdEdkif
yghrvJ bk&m;/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'gjzifh&if 'umBuD;udk OD;yif;u jyefar;&OD;r,f/
0g;vm;/
rSefygh q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
avmurSm ]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m; &Sdygovm; 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/
&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD; 'D ]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;udk jrifzl;ovm;/
0g;vm;/
rjrifzl;ygbl; q&mawmf/ 'Dw&m;[m rjrifEdkif? rjriftyfwJh w&m;yg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh&if 'D ]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;[m &Sdw,fvdkY 'umBuD; b,fvdkvkyfNyD; odygovJ/
0g;vm;/
]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;udk pdwftmHkeJY onmoabmeJY odygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;[m tb,ft&yf? tb,fa'orSm udef;0yfygovJ 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/
]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;[m b,fae&m? b,fXmerS rudef;0yfygbl; bk&m;/ 'gayr,fh
'Dw&m;[m ay:aygufvdkuf? aysmufuG,fvdkuf? wzefay:aygufvdkufeJY tpOfwpdkuf jzpfysufaeygw,f
bk&m;/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
q&mawmf/
29
]]av}} qkdwJh w&m;[m &Sdovm;/
0g;vm;/
]]av}} qkdwJh w&m;[m&Sdygw,f/ 'D avqdkwJhw&m;r&SdbJeJY wynfhawmfwdkY[m touf&Sif
raeEdkif ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD; av ukdjrif&ovm;/
0g;vm;/
rjrif&ygbl; q&mawmf/ av[m jrifEdkifwJhw&m; r[kwfygbl;/
q&mawmf/
av [m&Sdw,fqkdwmudk b,fvdkvkyfNyD; odatmif vkyfovJ 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/
avudk wynfhawmf&JhcEmudk,ftwGif;rSma&m? tjyifrSmyg av&Jhtm;udk prf;oyf awGYxdjcif;
tm;jzifh avqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&Sdw,fqdkwm od&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh ]]av}} [m b,frSm udef;0yfaeovJ 'umBuD;/
0g;vm;/
]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;vdkygyJ q&mawmf/ av[mvnf; tqufrjywf jzpfay:
uG,faysmuf aewJh w&m;ygyJ bk&m;/
q&mawmf/
]]Pfynm}} wdkY? ]]av}} wdkYqkdwJhw&m;awG[m wu,fwrf;&SdygvsufeJY b,fae&m
b,fa'orSm udef;0yfvsuf&Sdw,fvdkY rjyEdkifovdkyJ edAmefqdkwJh w&m;[mvnf; wu,f&Sdaomfvnf;
b,fae&m? b,fa'o rSm udef;0yfw,fvdkY rjyEdkifbl; 'umBuD;/ ]]Pfynm}} qdkwJhw&m;eJY ]]av}} qkdwJh
w&m;wdkY wu,fwrf;&Sdw,f qdkwmudk tmHkcHpm;jcif;? awGYxdjcif;qdkwJh oabmwdkYeJYom odEdkif? em;vnfEdkif
ovdk edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m wu,f&Sdw,fqdkwmudkvnf; t&[wr*f? t&[wzdkvf &aeMuwJh yk*dKvfrsm;&Jh
avmukw&mPf? tmo0u,Pf wkdYjzifhomodjrifem;vnfEdkifw,f/ uJ 'umBuD;? auseyfNyDvm;/
0g;vm;/
auseyfygNyD q&mawmf/ ]]Pfynm}} eJY ]]av}} qkdwJh w&m;awGvkdyJ edAmef qdkwJhw&m;[m
wu,f&Sdaomfvnf; b,fae&m b,fXmerSm udef;0yfw,fvdkY jyvdkYrjzpfEdkifwmudkvnf; oabmaygufygNyD
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'kwd,jyem &Sif;oGm;NyDqdk&if wwd,jyemjzpfwJh edAmef[m rnfonfhw&m;eJY
wlygovJ qdkwJh tcsufudk quf&Sif;Mu&vdrfhOD;r,f/ edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m txufu &Sif;jycJhovdkyJ
'DavmuBuD;eJY owd? t&nftcsif;? toGiftjyif? *kPfvuPmwdkYrSp b,fzufurS rwlbJ
vHk;vHk;qefYusifaewJhw&m; jzpfaeav awmh edAmefudk ,ckawGYjrifaeMuwJh t&m0wKawG? kyf0wKawGeJY
b,fvdkrS EdIif;,SOfjyvdkYawmh rjzpfaybl; 'umBuD;&Jh/ 'gayr,fh Oyrmuav;wckeJYawmh &Sif;jy&vdrfhr,f/
'umBuD; em;axmifayawmh/
0g;vm;/
rSefyg? emvsufyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
a&S;u bk&ifBuD;wyg;&SdowJh/ 'Dbk&ifBuD;[m tjcm;bk&iftqlqlu aMumuf&GHUdkaoNyD;
vufaqmif yPmawG BudKU&avmufatmif bkef;wefcdk;BuD;owJh/ a&T? aiG ausmufoHywjrm;awGqdkwmuvJ
cefYrSef;a&wGufvdkY r&Edkifatmif aygowJh/ ppfonftiftm;uvnf; tvGefBuD;rm;awmifhwif;owJh/ olYudk
vkyf auR;jyKpkMuwJh armif;rrdHuvnf; axmifaomif;rubl;wJh/ tcsuftjyKwf tausmftarmf
awGuvnf; &omrsdK;pHkwJh cJbG,fabmZOf csdKcsOf ,rumawGudk trsdK;aygif;ra&rwGufEdkifatmif pDrHNyD;
yJGawmfrsm; qufo Mu&owJh/ 'Dvdk trsdK;rsdK;aom pnf;pdrfcsrf;omawGudk cHpm;pHpm;ae&wJh bk&ifBuD;[m
waeYusawmh uk|Elem a&m*gpJGuyfvmowJh/ 'Da&m*gpJGuyfvmwmeJYwNydKifeuf bk&ifBuD;[m txufu
ajymcJhwJh pnf;pdrfawGudkvnf; rcHpm;Edkifawmhbl;/ armif;rrdHawGeJYvnf; raysmfyg;Edkifawmhbl;/ aemufqHk;
tmHkig;yg;rSm b,ftmHkrS rcHpm; Edkifawmhbl;/ 'Dpufqkyf&GH&SmzG,faumif;vSwJh a&m*gtwGuf tcsdef&Sdoa&GU
pdwfESvHk; qif;&JEGrf;e,f ae&owJh/ aemufqHk;awmh bk&ifBuD;[m usef;rma&;eJY xD;eef;pnf;pdrfudk
30
vJypf&onftxd usef;rmatmif vkyfr,f qdkNyD; oHEd|mef csvdkufowJh/ tJ'Dvdk oHEd|mef csNyD;wJhaemuf

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awGudkyg qkvmbftjzpfeJY &vdrfhr,f}} vdkY wkdi;fjynftwGif; ausnmvdkufowJh/ oludk,fwdkifuawmh
a&m*ga0'em uif;&Sif;oGm;NyD; t&ifuvdk usef;rmvmwmeJYwNydKifeuf xD;eef;udkpGefYNyD; &aohtoGifeJY
awm&rSD;aeawmhr,f vdkY pdwfudkydkif;jzwfxm;owJh/ 'Dvdkausnmvdkufawmh wkdif;jynftwGif; tvGef
emrnfxif&Sm; ausmfMum;vSwJh orm;awmfBuD;awG[m bk&ifha&m*gudk vma&mufuko MuowJh/ 'gayr,fh
orm;awmfBuD;rsm;pGm[m bk&ifBuD;&Jha&m*gudk aysmufuif;atmif rukoEdkifMu&Smbl;wJh/ aemufqHk;
orm;awmfBuD;wqla&mufvmNyD; bk&ifBuD;&Jha&m*gudk ]]oHk;veJYaysmufuif;atmif ukoEdkifygw,f?
wu,fvdkY oHk;veJYaysmufuif;&if t&Sifrif;jrwf uwdxm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; xD;eef;udkomay;yg/
raysmuf&if uRefawmfrsdK;&Jh OD;acgif;udk jzwfypfygbk&m;}} vdkY avQmufxm;NyD; uko owJh/
'Dorm;awmfBuD;[m wu,fhudk uRrf;usifwwfajrmufwJh orm;awmfBuD;qdkawmh ajymwJhtwdkif;yJ
oHk;vvnf; Muma&m bk&ifBuD;[m yuwdtwdkif;usef;rmoGm;owJh/ a&m*geJYywfoufvdkY bmtikwft&if;rS
r&Sdawmhbl;wJh? 'geJY bk&ifBuD;u olYuwdtwdkif; xD;eef;ESifhwuG &wema&TaiGawGudk orm;awmfBuD;
vufxJtyfNyD; awmxGuf um &aohb0eJY opfwyif&if; 0g;wyifatmufrSm ausmif;ocFrf;uav;aqmufNyD;
w&m;usifhaeowJh/ olY&Jh pdwf"mwf[mvnf; csrf;omokceJY tvGefjynfhpHkaeowJh/ 'Dawmh bk&ifBuD;[m
xD;eef;pnf;pdrfeJYwuG &wem a&TaiGawGxuf usef;rma&;[m wu,fusawmh w,fNyD; tbdk;wef yguvm;
vdkY udk,fawGYodjrifem;vnfvmNyD; ]]atmf ... avmuwGif usef;rmjcif;xuf tbdk;wefwJh &wemum; r&Sdacs
wum;}} vdkY O'gef;usL;vdkufowJh/
(xdkaemuf q&mawmfu rpwm vufu'g 0g;vm;tm; ...)

uJ 'umBuD;? wu,fyJ usef;rmjcif;qdkwJh w&m;[m 'Dbk&ifBuD; O'gef;usL;ovdk vlwOD;wa,muftm; pdwf
"mwftm;jzifh csrf;omokceJY jynfhpHkatmif zefwD;Edkif&Jhvm;/ 'Dw&m;[m trSefaum &Sd&Jhvm;/
0g;vm;/
'Dbk&ifBuD;ajymovdk
wu,fyJ
vlawG&Jh
pdwf"mwfudk
csrf;omokcay;EdkifwJh?
tbdk;jzwfvdkYr& aumif;wJh usef;rmjcif;qdkwJhw&m;&SdaMumif;udk udk,fwdkiftawGYtBuHKeJY 0efcHygw,f
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'gjzifh 'Dusef;rmjcif;qkdwJhw&m;[m b,fvdk yHkyef;oPmef&Sdw,fqdkwmudk 'umBuD;
ajymjyEdkif yghrvm;/
0g;vm;/
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ygbl; bk&m;/ 'gayr,fh 'Dw&m;&Jh tusdK;aus;Zl;udkawmh b,folrQ rjiif;y,fEdkifygbl; bk&m;/
q&mawmf/
tJ 'umBuD; ajymwJhtwdkif; usef;rmjcif;qkdwJhw&m;[m wu,f&SdNyD; 'Dw&m;&Jh
tusdK;aus;Zl;udk vlom;awG[m cHpm;ae&aomfvnf; b,folurQ usef;rmjcif;qdkwJhw&m;[m bmeJYwlw,f?
b,fvdkudkifwG,f prf;oyfvdkY&w,f? b,fvdktbdk;wefw,fqdkwmudk udkifwG,fjyovdkY rjzpfovdkbJ
edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[mvnf; pMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm&SdwJh ow0gteEwdkY cHpm;aeMu&wJh y#doaEae&jcif;?
tkd&jcif;? em&jcif;? ao&jcif; qdkwJh qif;&J'kuawGeJYwuG tjcm;'kuawGuyg vGwfNidrf;atmif zefwD;Edkifwm
uawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m jzLw,f? 0gw,f? eDw,f? ndKw,fvdkYvnf; ajymjyvdkY
rjzpfEdkifbl;/ vHk;w,f? jym;w,f? &Snfw,f? wdkw,fvdkYvnf; ajymjyvdkY rjzpfbl;/ 'Dw&m;udk &wJhvlrSyJ
udk,fwdkifawGYBuHKcHpm;NyD; odtyfwJh w&m;yJ 'umBuD;&Jh/ uJ edAmef[m b,fvdktqif;oPmefeJY jynfhpHkovJ
qdkwJh 'umBuD;&Jh ykpmeJYywfoufNyD; 'umBuD; &Sif;oGm;NyDvm;/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
0g;vm;/
31
rSefyg? q&mawmf ,ckjyvdkufwJh OyrmeJYyJ &Sif;oGm;ygNyD q&mawmf/
xdkaemuf w&m;emy&dwfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
32
ar;cGef;trSwf (5)
todPfonf OD;aESmufxJwGifr&SdbJ [',kyf0wKxJom&Sdonf [laomtcsufudk q&mawmf xifxif
&Sm;&Sm; jyawmfrlyg bk&m;
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - ygarmu a*s? trf? azmhpwm? trfat? trftuf(pf)pD? bHkbkdifwuodkvf
rS odyHynm ygarmu? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
(q&mawmfu ol\ykpmtwGuf tajzudk azmfxkwf&ef ygarmu a*s? trf? azmhpwmtm; atmufygar;cGef;udk

jyefvSef ar;ygonf/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ todPf[m OD;aESmufxJwGif&Sdonf[l 'umBuD; tb,faMumifh ,lq
ygovJ/
azmhpwm/
,ckurmrSm xdyfwef;a&mufaewJh aq;odyHt& OD;aESmufcHGudk cJGjcrf;pdwfjzmMunfhawmh
todPf[m OD;aESmufcHGrSm qHk;wJh taMumawGxJrSm jzpfyGm;w,fvdkY tckdiftvHk awGY&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/ 'D
OD;aESmufxJ&SdwJh taMumawG&JhtrsdK;trnfudk cJGMunfhawmh a0'emaMum? onmaMum? qEaMum?
orm"daMum? a&mifjyefaMum? ynmaMum? aomwaMum? *EaMum? &oaMum? puKaMum? jyefvnf awG;awm
wwfwJh taMum? pHkprf;wJhtaMum? qHk;jzwfwJhtaMum? zaMum? tawG;aMum pwJh taMumawGudk
awGY&ygw,f/
'gwifruao;ygbl;/ tck aemufqHk;ay: pl;prf;csuft& aowJhvlawG&Jh OD;aESmufxJrSm armfawmfum;awG?
rD;&xm;awG? taqmuftODawG tp&SdwJh trsdK;rsdK;aom kyf0wKwdkY&Jh yHkoPmefawG[m "mwfyHkdkufxm;ovdk
ay:aewmudkvnf; awGY&ygw,f q&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh OD;aESmuf[m todPfeJYqkdif&m vIyf&Sm;rItm;vHk;
okd avSmif&m tcef; jzpfw,fvdkY ac:aeMuygNyD q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
jrifxm;wJh? Mum;xm;wJh? eHxm;wJh? t&omcHxm;wJh? awG;awmxm;wJh kyf0wKawGudk
odjrif em;vnf EdkifwJhowd OD;aESmufrSm &Sdovm; 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/
q&mawmf/
'DtmHkawGeJY
awGYxdwJhw&m;awG
odjrifem;vnfEdkifwJhowd
OD;aESmufrSm&Sdygw,f
q&mawmf/
"mwfpuf "mwfjym;awGu oDcsif;qdkoH? pum;ajymoHawGudk odkavSmifxm;ovm;/
azmhpwm/
odkavSmifxm;ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh&if "mwfjym;wcsyfudk,lNyD; bmoDcsif;udk odkavSmifxm;ovJvdkY ar;&if bmoDcsif;udk
odkavSmifxm;w,fvdkY tJ'D "mwfjym;u jyefajymrSmvm; 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/
"mwfjym;[m kyf0wKwckrQomjzpfNyD; odjrifem;vnfwwfwJhowdr&SdwJhtwGuf bmoDcsif;
udk odkavSmifxm;w,fvdkY ajymEdkifwJhowd r&Sdygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
OD;aESmuf odkYr[kwf [',kyf0wK odkYr[kwf rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,fcEm qdkwJh
w&m;awG[mvnf; kyf0wKawGom jzpfawmh odjrifjcif;? em;vnfjcif;qkdwJhowd r&SdMubl;/ 0dnmP"mwf
qdkwJh w&m;rSom odjrifem;vnfjcif;qdkwJhowd &Sdw,f/ tJ'Dawmh 'D 0dnmP"mwf jzpfyGm;vmyHkudk odom
xif&Sm;vmatmif OD;yif;ar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk 'umBuD; ajzprf;ygOD;/
azmhpwm/
rSefygh q&mawmf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
33
q&mawmf/
0dnmP"mwf[m wae&mwnf;rSm jzpfEdkifovm;? ESpfae&mrSm jzpfEdkifovm; 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/
0dnmP"mwf[m wae&mwnf;rSmom jzpfEdkifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
tMuifolwOD;wa,muf[m xdwfvefYwkefvIyfoGm;wJhtcg OD;aESmufxJrSm 'D xdwfvefY
wkefvIyfrI jzpfovm;/ 'grSr[kwf&if [',kyf0wKxJrSm jzpfovm;/ wu,fvdkY cspfcifjcif;? Muifemjcif;
qkdwJh w&m;[m kwfw&ufjzpfay:vmr,f qdk&ifaum OD;aESmufxJrSm jzpfay:vmovm;? [', kyf0wK
xJrSm jzpfay: vmovm;/
azmhpwm/
trSeftm;jzifh [',kyf0wKxJrSmyJ jzpfay:vmygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;/
wu,fvdkY 0rf;ajrmuf&TifjrL;rI jzpfvmjyefawmhaum b,fae&mrSm jzpfay:vmovJ
azmhpwm/
[',kyf0wKxJrSm jzpfay:vmw,fvdkY xifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
wcg a'gotrsuf xGufvmjyefawmhaum b,fae&mrSm jzpfw,fvdkY xifovJ 'umBuD;
azmhpwm/
[',kyf0wKxJrSmyJ jzpfyGm;w,fvdkY xifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
wu,fvdkY tMuifolwOD;wa,muf[m tjcm;olwOD;wa,mufudk cspfcifMuifemrdwJh tcg
rSm ]]ig[m rif;udk OD;aESmufxJucspfw,f}} vdkY ajymovm;? ]]tonf;ESvHk;xJu cspfw,f}} vdkY ajymovm;/
azmhpwm/
tonf;ESvHk;xJu cspfcifw,fvdkY ajymygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
wu,fvdkY rkef;jyefawmhaum OD;aESmufxJu rkef;w,fvdkY ajymovm;? tonf;ESvHk;xJu
rkef;w,f vdkY ajymovm;/
azmhpwm/
tonf;ESvHk;xJu rkef;w,fvdkYyJ ajymygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ tck 'umBuD; ajymovdk cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif;? 0rf;ajrmufjcif;? a'gojzpfjcif;pwJh w&m;
awG[m tonf;ESvHk;xJrSm jzpfyGm;w,fvdkYqkd&if 'Dw&m;awG[m OD;aESmufxJrSm jzpfw,fvdkY qdkEdkifyg
OD;rvm; 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/
q&mawmf tckvdk &Sif;vif;a0zefjyvdkufwJhtwGuf 'D 0dnmPfw&m;[m OD;aESmufxJrSm
pwifjzpfay:wmr[kwfbJ tonf;ESvHk;xJrSmom pwifjzpfyGm;w,fvdkY wynfhawmf odjrifoabmayguf ygNyD
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;[m b,fw&m;rSmrqdk t&if;cHtaMumif;w&m;ESpfyg;&Sdw,f qdkwJh 'dGw0g'
tbd"rm udk vufcH&Jhvm;
azmhpwm/
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taMumif;w&m; ESpfyg;&Sdw,fqdkwJh 'dGw0g'udk wynfhawmf aumif;aumif;BuD;vufcHygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
"mwfzdkeJY"mwfr? wenf;tm;jzifh kyfw&m;eJYemrfw&m;r&SdbJeJY bmw&m;rQ rjzpfyGm;Edkifbl;
qkdwmudkaum oabmwl&Jhvm;/
azmhpwm/
'Doabmw&m;udkvnf; wynfhawmf oabmwlygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'Dtcsufudk oabmusvufcHEdkifvdkY&Sd&if 'umBuD;wkdY&Jhaq;ynmu 'D0dnmP"mwf?
wenf;tm;jzifhtodPfynmeJYqkdif&m kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY&Jhoabmudk avhvmpl;prf;NyD; txift&Sm;
&Sif;vif; azmfxkwfEdkifNyDvm;/
34
azmhpwm/
wdwdusus txift&Sm; r&Sif;vif; razmfxkwfEdkifao;ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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azmhpwm/
wu,fwrf; jynfhjynfhpHkpHk ravhvmrpl;prf;&ao;bl;vdkYbJ qkd&rSmyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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qdkwm[m rSef;qcsufavmufyJ &Sdao;wmaygh/ wdwdusus {uef{u wxpfcs rajymEdkifao;bl;aygh/
azmhpwm/
'DoabmyJ qdkufaeawmhwmaygh q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
oAnKwa&TPfawmfudk &&SdawmfrlNyD; &Sd&SdorQaom w&m;pkwdkYudkvnf; ,xmblwusus
odjrifxm;awmfrlwJh Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf[m kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkYudk jzpfpOf? ysufpOf 'Dw&m;ESpfyg;wdkY&Jh
wyg;eJY wyg; qufpyfaeyHk? trSDo[JjyKaeyHk ponfwdkYudk t<uif;rJh a[mawmfrlxm;cJhw,f/ tJ'Dvdk a[m
awmfrlcJhwJh w&m;awmfawGxJrSm rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? udk,fcEm qkdwJhw&m;awGeJY 'Dw&m;awGeJY
awGYxddkufcwfwJh tqif;? toH? teHY? t&om eJY kyf0wKqdkwJh w&m;awG[m kyfw&m;jzpfNyD; 'Dw&m;awG
tcsif;csif; awGYxd dkufcwfvdkY ay:aygufvmwJh todPfqdkwJhemrfw&m;awG[m [',tdrfrSm jzpfay:
vmw,fvdkY twdtvif; yg&Sdw,f/ 'D todw&m;[m [',ESvHk;tdrfrSm jzpfay:vdkuf? csKyfNidrf;vdkufeJY
tqufrjywf a&tvsOf pD;ovdk jzpfaewJh w&m;yJ/ 0dyemPfeJY ususeeIEdkifrS 'Dobm0udk
jrifEdkifw,f/
,cif 'umBuD;&Jhar;cGef;udk OD;yif; ajzqdkcJhpOfu todynmqdkwm vl&JhcEmudk,ftwGif; b,f
tpdwftydkif;xJrSmrS odkavSmifxm;wmr&Sdbl;/ rD;awmuf[m rD;jcpfqHxJrSma&m rD;jcpfbl;ay:rSm uyfxm; wJh
,rf;jym;xJrSmyg r&SdovdkbJ todPf qkdwmuvnf; rD;jcpfqHeJY ,rf;jym;udkjcpfvdkufrS rD;awmufay:vm
ovdk txufuajymcJhwJh rsufpd? em;? ESmacgif;? vQm qdkwJh w&m;awGeJY tjyiftyrS kyf0wKwdkY&Jh dkufcwfrIrS
[',0wK qdkwJh ESvHk;tdrfrSm jzpfay:vm&wJh w&m;jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
tJ'Dawmh todPfynm[m OD;aESmufxJrSm jzpfyGm;vm&wJh w&m;r[kwfbJ [',kyf0wKqkdwJh ESvHk;tdrfxJ
rSmom jzpfyGm;vm&w,f qkdwJhtcsufudk 'umBuD; oabmayguf vufcHEdkifNyDvm;/
azmhpwm/
q&mawmf ,ck &Sif;vif;ajymjyawmfrlvkdufwJhtwGuf todPfynm[m OD;aESmufxJrSm
pwifjzpfay:vm&w,fqdkwJh
rSef;qcsufudk
wynfhawmf
y,fEdkifNyD;
todPfynm[m
q&mawmftrdefY&Sdawmf rlwJhtwdkif; [',0wKxJrSm jzpfyGm;&w,fqdkwJhtcsufudk oabmaygufygNyD/
'DjyemeJYywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfwkdYtm; ,ckvdk &Sif;vif;a[mjyawmfrlwJhtwGuf y&dwf&Jhudk,fpm;
aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f q&mawmf/
wGif y&dwfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
35
ar;cGef;trSwf (6)
Ak'0g'onf acwfopf odyHynmxufyif jrifhrm;onf[k tb,fuJhodkYaom taxmuftxm; oufao
om"uwkdYjzifh ajymEdkifygoenf; q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - ygarmu a*s? trf? azmhpwm? trfat? trftuf(pf)pD? bHkbkdifwuodkvf
rS odyHynm ygarmu? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'0g'qdkwJhw&m;xJrSm omrefvlom;wdkY&Jh tawGUtBuHKrQomr[kwfbJ urmh

taemufjcrf; odyHynmu rcsOf;uyfEdkif? rcsOf;uyf0HhwJh tvGefjrifhrm;vSwJh tawGYtBuHK? oabmw&m;awGyg
yg0ifaeavawmh 'D0g'[m tawmhfudk us,fjyefYvSygw,f/ prf;oyfcsufrQ? tawGYtBuHKrQ qdkwJh
w&m;awGay: rSm tajcwnfNyD; wpHkwckaom vsmxm;csufwdkYrS aumufEkwfxm;wJh w&m;aot,ltqrsm;?
t&rf;tuef; ,HkMunfrIrsm;udk pkpnf;xm;wJh a'oemrsdK;r[kwfbJ Oym'-0, jzpfjcif;? ysufjcif; qkdwJh
y"meOya'oay:rSm tajcwnfNyD; pMum0Vm wckvHk;twGif; jzpfysufaeMuwJh kyf? emrf? 0dnmOf w&m;
tpkpkudk wckrusef t<uif;rJh odjrifEdkifonfh oAnKw a&TPfawmf&Sif Ak'udk,fawmfjrwfu &Sif;vif;
xkwfazmf a[majymawmfrlcJhwJh a'oemawmfjrwf jzpfw,f 'umBuD;&Jh/
azmhpwm/
rSefyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
wzufuMunfh&if acwfopf odyHynm[m rsm;jym;vSwJh odyHynm&SifawG? tbd"rmq&m
awGu kyfavmuBuD;tay:rSm prf;oyf? pl;prf;? avhvmvdkY&orQtcsufawGay:rlwnfNyD; xlaxmifxm;wJh
ynmw&yfjzpfw,f/ tJ'DvlpkxJrSm c&pfray:rD ou&mZf 546? wenf;tm;jzifh vGefcJhwJhESpfaygif; (2500)
ausmf avmufu *&dwfjynfrSm xGef;um;cJhzl;wJh ao;(vf)(pf) qkdwJh tbd"rmq&mBuD;[m yxrOD;qHk;yJ/
ol[m rD;usnf;cJrS rD;jzpfwmudk MunfhNyD;vQif vQyfppf"mwfoabmudk pwifrSef;qMunfhcJhw,f/ NyD;awmh
&Sd&SdorQaom kyf0wKawG&Jh r[mbkwfw&m;[m a&eJYavjzpfw,fvdkY azmfxkwfa[majymcJhw,f/ tJ'DupNyD;
tEkjrL"mwfudk azmfxkwfjyefw,f/ olYaemufrS odyHynm&SifawGeJY tbd"rmq&mawGu olY&Jh
awGU&SdrSef;qcsufay: tajcwnfNyD; prf;oyfavhvmMujyefw,f/ acwfopfodyHynm[m tck wdk;wufwJh
tqifhudk a&mufaeNyDvdkY qkdwmawmifrS rjynfhpHkao;bl;/ vQyfppf"mwftm;eJY owdwdkY&Jh rlvblww&m;udk
rajymjyEdkifao;bl;/ 'gwifruao;bl;? Ak'0g'vdk pdwfeJYywfoufwJhtcef;rSm wu,fwrf; eufeufeJeJ pl;pl;
&S&SrawGYjrifEdkifao;bl;/ 'gaMumifhAk'0g'[m NyD;jynfhpHkwJhw&m;wckomjzpfwJhtjyif kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;
wdkYeJY ywfoufvdkYvnf; ususee t<uif;rJh odjrifxm;wJhw&m;jzpfwJhtwGuf acwfopfodyHynmxuf
jrifhrm; w,fvdkY OD;yif;u tcdkiftrm ajymqdk&jcif; jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/
q&mawmftcktrdefY&SdwJhpum;[m tbd"rmoabmeJYMunfh&if usdK;aMumif;,kwdeJYjynfhpHkwJh
vuPm&Sdaomfvnf; acwfopfodyHynmxuf Ak'0g'ujrifhjrwfw,fqdkwJhtcsufudk wynfhawmfwdkY Mum;em
vdkygw,fq&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh tckacwf odyHynm&SifawG? ygarmuawG&Jh rsufarSmufrSm q&mawmf ,ck
&J&J0Hh0HhBuD; rdefYawmfrlvdkufwJh ]],aeY urmw0Srf;vHk;u todtrSwfjyKxm;wJh acwfopfodyHynmxuf
Ak'0g'u jrifhjrwfw,f? tvGefus,fjyefYeufeJw,f}} qdkwJhpum;udk ckdifvHkxif&Sm;apwJh om"uw&yfudk
rdefYawmfrlygvdkY awmif;yefyg&ap q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh&if 'umBuD;udk lyaA'eJY ywfoufvdkY OD;yif; ar;vdkw,f/
azmhpwm/
ar;awmfrlyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
vQyfppf"mwf[m b,fvdkoabmjzpfw,fqdkwm wdwdusus ajzprf;yg 'umBuD;/
36
uJhodkYar;vdkufaomtcg ygarmu rpwmazmhpwm tygt0if bHkbdkifwuodkvfrS ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh

ausmif;om;rsm;onf wOD;rsufESmudk wOD;MunfhMuNyD; (5)rdepfrQ tHhtm;oifhum bmrQ rajzqdkEdkifMubJ idkif
oGm;Muygonf/ xdktcg ...
q&mawmf/
uJ 'umBuD;wdkY b,folrQ rajzEdkifMuyguvm;/ (5)rdepfawmif &SdoGm;NyD/ 'umBuD;&Jh
wynfh awG rajymxm;eJY? 'umBuD;udk,fwdkifuyif bmtajzrQ ray;EdkifbJ jzpfaeNyD/ tJ'Dawmh OD;yif;&Jh
ar;cGef;udk OD;yif;udk,fwkdifyJ Ak'udk,fwdkif a[mawmfrlcJhwJh w&m;awmfeJYtnD Ak'a'oemawmfudk tajccH
xm;NyD; jyefajz&wmaygh/ OD;yif;&Jh tajzudkvnf; 'umBuD;wkdYtm;vHk;u 0dkif;0ef;NyD; a0zefbdkY&efvnf;
OD;yif;u awmif;yefvdkw,f/
azmhpwm/
q&mawmftckar;vdkufwJh ar;cGef;udk wynfhawmfwdkYom r[kwfyg? odyHynm&SifxdyfoD;awG
awmif ajzEdkifbdkY&m taMumif;r&Sdygbl; bk&mh/ tJ'Dawmh q&mawmfudk,fwdkifyJ q&mawmf&Jhar;cGef;udk jyefNyD;
ajzjyawmfrlyg/ wynfhawmfrsm; ususee rSwfom;xm;yg&ap/
q&mawmf/
uJ OD;yif;ajymr,fhtcsufawGudk 'umBuD; ususeeom rSwfom;xm;ayawmh/ vQyfppf
"mwf[m trSeftm;jzifh (1) ajr? (2) a&? (3) rD;? (4) av qdkwJh "mwfBuD;(4)yg;wdkY zJGYpnf;xm;wJh"mwfyJ/ 'D
"mwfBuD; (4)yg; rygbJeJY b,fkyf0wKrQ rjzpfay:Edkifbl;/ tck OD;yif;ajymwJhtcsuf[m rSefrrSef tck
vufawGYoabmeJY qef;ppfMunfh&if jzpfygw,f/ vQyfppf"mwfudk vufeJYwkdYMunfh&if acsmarGYwJhoabmudk
awGY&vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D acsmarGYwJhoabmeJY awGYxdwJhoabm[m ajr(yx0D) "mwf&JhoabmyJ/ aemufowd
wckuawmh vQyfppf"mwf rSm toGifoPmef&Sdw,f/ tJ'D toGifoPmef[m a& (tmayg)"mwfoabmyJ/ 'D
a& (tmayg) "mwfrygbJESifh b,fkyf0wKrQ toGifoPmefr&Sdbl;/ aemufowdwckuawmh tJ'D
vQyfppf"mwfudk prf;oyfMunfh&if ylwmudk awGY&vdrfhr,f/ tJ'D ylwm[m rD; (awaZm) "mwf&JhowdyJ/ 'D
awaZm"mwfrygbJESifh b,fkyf0wKrQ rylEdkifbl;/ aemufowdwckuawmh vQyfppf"mwf[m ajzmifhwef; ae
wJhoabmyJ/ 'Dvdkajzmifhwef;aewm[m av (0ga,m) "mwf&JhowdyJ/ 'D av"mwfryg&if b,fenf;eJYrQ
ajzmifhwef;raeEdkifbl;/ 'gudkMunfhjcif;tm;jzifh vQyfppf"mwf[m a&? ajr? av? rD; qkdwJh "mwfBuD;av;yg;wdkY
zJGYpnf;xm;wmjzpfw,fqdkwmudk b,folrQ rjiif;Edkifbl;/ jiif;vnf; jiif;vdkYrjzpfbl;/ 'Dtcsufudk
'umBuD;wdkYu vufrcHEdkifbl;qdkwmudk ckdifvHkwJhtaMumif;jycsufeJY ajymEdkifygw,f/
azmhpwm/
q&mawmf tck trdefY&SdawmfrlvdkufwJh vQyfppf"mwf&Jh oabmeJY owd&,f? 'DvQyfppf"mwfxJ
rSm "mwfBuD;av;yg; yg0ifaew,fqdkwJh tcsuf&,f? 'DtcsufawG[m tvGefxif&Sm;&Sif;vif;vSwJhtwGuf
wynfhawmfwdkY rjiif;Edkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'Dtcsufudk wynfhawmfwdkY aumif;pGm rSwfwrf;wifxm;ygw,f
bk&m;/
q&mawmf/
vQyfppf"mwfeJY ywfoufvdkY OD;yif; ajymjywJhtcsufukd oabmusw,f? vufcHw,fqdk&if
OD;yif;u 'umBuD;udk aemufxyf ar;cGef;wck ar;&tHk;r,f/ 'umBuD; ususee em;axmifNyD; ajzprf;ygtHk;/
azmhpwm/
rSefyg? ajzyghr,f q&mawmf/ ar;awmfrlyg/
q&mawmf/
tck rsufarSmufacwfrSm Munfh&if odyHynm[m tm;vHk;udk zefwD;Edkifw,f/ tck
arSmifae&mu vif;apcsif&if wcgxJ cvkyfuav;udk ESdyfvdkufHkeJY vif;oGm;wmyJ/ txufudk wufcsif
&ifvnf; vQyfppf"mwf avSum;xJu cvkyfuav;wckudk ESdyfvdkufHkeJY wufoGm;Edkifw,f/ ae&m wcku
tjcm; a0;vHwJhae&mwckudk oGm;csif&ifvnf; armif;olrygwJh "mwf&xm;eJY oGm;Edkifw,f/ rdkifaygif;
axmifaomif;ru a0;vHvSwJh t&yf a'orSm &SdwJhvludk vSrf;NyD;pum;ajymcsif&ifvnf; ajymEdkifw,f/
uckefupm;aeMuwJh vlawGudkMunfhcsif&ifvJ jrifEdkifw,f/ rdkifaygif; aomif;eJYcsDNyD; uGma0;wJha'ou
wpHkwa,muf oDcsif;qdkoH? wD;oHudk em;axmifcsif &ifvnf; em;axmifEdkifw,f/ tvGefat;jrwJh &moDOwk
&SdwJhae&ma'o wckudk aEG;atmifvnf; vkyfEdkifw,f/ rdk;&Gmatmifvnf; vkyfEdkifw,f/ rdk;udkvnf; xpfcsKef;
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
37
atmif vkyfEdkifw,f/ yifv,fa&jyifudkvnf; yGufyGufqlatmifvkyfEdkifw,f/ &Sd&SdorQ kyf0wKawGudk aorif;

a&mifjcnfeJY xdk;NyD; jymusatmifvkyfEdkifw,f/ tdk ... tqHk;owfajym&&if acwfopfodyHynm[m xm0&
bk&m;ocifxufawmif wefckd;jym#d[m jyEdkifao;w,f r[kwfvm; 'umBuD;/
azmhpwm/
rSefyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
tJ'DavmuftpGrf;xufjrufwJh 'umBuD;wdkY&JhodyHynm[m tvGefqdk;oGrf;Murf;wrf;,kwfrm
wJh vlwa,mufudk wcgwnf;eJY vlaumif;olaumif;wa,mufjzpfatmif jyKjyifzefwD; ay;Edkifyghrvm;/
azmhpwm/
odyHynm[m ouf&Sdow0gawGtay:rSm bmrQ rvTrf;rdk;Edkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh
vlqkd;vloGrf; vlMurf;wa,mufudk odrfarGYEl;nHhNyD; vlaumif;wa,mufjzpfvmatmif rzefwD;Edkifygbl; q&m
awmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ tckvdk odyHynmu vlqdk;vloGrf;udk vlaumif;olaumif;jzpfatmif rjyKjyif rajymif;vJ
Edkif&if odyHynm[m Ak'0g'avmuf rxufjrufaMumif;? wenf;tm;jzifh Ak'0g'[m odyHynmxuf ydkNyD;
jrifhjrwfaMumif; xif&Sm;jyefNyD/ bmjyKvdkYvnf;qdkawmh Ak'0g'[m qkd;oGrf;kefY&if;vSwJhvlawGudk El;nHh
aysmhaysmif;NyD; vlaumif;olaumif;jzpfatmif jyKjyifajymif;vJay;EdkifHkwif rubl;? jA[mawG? ewfawGudka&m?
vlom;xufyif rdkufrJcufxefvSwJh e*g;awG? bDvl;awG? ,uawGudk aysmhaysmif;El;nHhNyD; oDv orm"d
wnfaqmufcsifvmatmif oGefoifqHk;rEdkifw,f/ uJ 'umBuD;udk aemufxyf ar;cGef;wck ar;&OD;r,f/
*&dwf tbd"rmq&mBuD; ao;(vf)(pf)u pNyD;awmh ,ckacwf odyHynm&SifwdkYjzpfMuwJh qm*sHK;(ef)(pf) wkdY?
rufvDuefwdkYtxd b,fodyHynm&Sifrsm;u odyHeJYqdkif&m tpGrf;owd[m b,ftay:rSm tajcwnfxm;
ovJ/ 'grSr[kwf&ifvJ 'Dvdk urmrSm BuD;pdk;vTrf;rdk;aewJh odyHynm&yf&Jh t"dutaMumif;&if;[m bmvJ
qdkwJhtcsufudk &Sif;vif;azmfjyEdkifcJhygovJ/
azmhpwm/
odyHynm[m obm0rSm jzpfysufaeMuwJh tawGYtBuHKeJY &mpkacwftenf;i,ftwGif;
vlawG&Jh vufawGY pl;prf;avhvmcsufwdkYtay:rSm tajcwnfxm;wJh ynm&yfjzpfavawmh wynfhawmfwkdY[m
odyHeJYqkdif&m tpGrf;owd[m b,ftay:rSm tajcwnfaew,fqdkwmudk &Sif;vif;rjyEdkifbJ jzpfaeygw,f
q&mawmf/ 'gwifrubl;? 'DodyHynm&yf&Jh t"dutaMumif;[m bmvJqdkwJhtcsufudkvnf; r&Sif;vif;EdkifMu
ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
uJ 'gjzifh&if odyH&Jh tpGrf;owdwdkYeJYqdkif&m t"dutaMumif;w&m;wdkYudk Ak'&Jh tbd"rm
oabm t& &Sif;jyr,f/ 'umBuD;wdkY aoaocsmcsm *kpdkuf em;axmifMuNyD; a0zefp&m&Sd&ifvnf;
a0zefMuaygh/ r&Sif;vif;wJh tcsufrsm;&Sd&ifvnf; ar;Muaygh/
oAnKwPfawmf&Sif Ak'&Jhtbd"rmxJrSm &Sif;vif;a[mjyxm;awmfrlwJhtwdkif; ajym&r,fqdk&if odyH&Jh
xif&Sm;wJh tpGrf;owd[m (16)yg; &Sdw,f/ bmawGvJ qdk&if ...
(1) rmaMumjcif;? (2) El;nHhjcif;? (3) zJGYpnf;jcif;? (4) ,dkpD;jcif;? (5) yljcif;? (6) {jcif;? (7) tm;xkwfjcif;?
(8) wGef;uefjcif;? (9) vIyf&Sm;jcif;? (10) kef;uefjcif;? (11) kyfoPmefay:jcif;? (12)
ta&miftqif;&Sdjcif;? (13) teHY&Sdjcif;? (14) t&om&Sdjcif;? (15) MoZm"mwfjzpfjcif;? (16) aMunufjcif;?
'gawG[mwckeJYwck cJGjcm;vdkY r&bJ aygif;pyfzJGYpnf;aeMuwJh "mwfBuD;(4)yg;rS ay:aygufvmMu&wJh
*kPfowdawGyJ/ 'D*kPfowdawGudk olY tpkeJY ol? taMumif;&if;udk&Smr,fqkd&ifvnf; rmaMumjcif;eJY
El;nHhjcif;wkdY[m yx0D"mwf&Jh owdyJ/ zJGYpnf;jcif;eJY ,dkpD;jcif;[m tmayg"mwf&Jh owdyJ/ yljcif;eJY{jcif;[m
awaZm"mwf&Jh owdyJ/ wGef;uefjcif;? vIyf&Sm;jcif;? kef;uefjcif;wkdY[m 0ga,m"mwf&Jh owdyJ/
'D"mwfBuD;av;yg;[m r[mbkwfBuD; av;yg;yJ/
38
tJ'D r[mbkwf"mwfBuD; (4)yg;ay:rSm vHk;vHk;trSDjyKNyD;jzpfyGm;&wJh Oyg'gkyf (4)yg;&Sdao;w,f/ txufu

ajymcJh wJh kyfoPmefjzpfay:jcif;eJY ta&miftqif;&Sdjcif; qdkwm (1) 0Pkyf&Jh owdyJ/ teHY&Sdjcif;qdkwmu
(2) *Ekyf&Jh owdyJ/ t&om&Sdjcif;qdkwmu (3) &okyf&Jh owdyJ/ MoZm"mwfjzpfjcif;eJY
aMunufjcif;qdkwmu (4) MoZmkyf &Jh owdyJ/
(1) yx0D? (2) tmayg? (3) awaZm? (4) 0ga,m? (5) 0P? (6) *E? (7) &o? (8) MoZm qdkwJh 'Dkyf(8)yg;
r&SdbJeJY 'DpMum0VmBuD;vnf; rjzpfvmEdkifbl;/ pMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm&SdwJh ouf&SdoufrJh kyf0wKawGvnf;
rjzpfay:Edkifbl;/ bmowdrQvnf; ray:aygufEdkifbl;/ jzpfay:jcif;? tkdrif;a[mif;EGrf;jcif;? ysufokOf;jcif;
qkdwm 'D t|uvmyfkyfBuD; (8)ckwdkY&Jh rlvADZu ygvmwJh owdawGyJ/
lyaA'? "mwkaA'? euwaA'? yx0DaA' tp&SdwJh kyf0wKawGeJYqdkif&m odyHynmw&yfvHk;udk jzpfyGm;apwJh
t"du taMumif;&if;awG[m obm0"reJY pdwfwdkY aygif;pyfxm;wJh orkXmef (4)yg;yJ/ pMum0VmBuD;
wckvHk;[m 'D orkXmef (4)yg;ay:rSm tajcwnfNyD; jzpfay:vm&wmyJ/ 'D orkXmef(4)yg;&Jh aemufuG,frSm
b,f xm0&bk&m;ocif? b,fzefqif;&SifrS r&Sdbl; 'umBuD;/ 'gayr,fh odyHynm&SifawGu ]]pMum0Vm
BuD;wckvHk;udk 0dnmPfawmfu zefqif;w,f}} qkdNyD; vufcH,HkMunfaeMuw,f/ 'umBuD;wkdYvlpk[m ynm
Pf &ifhoefNyD;om;yk*dKvfawGqdkawmh OD;yif; tck tusOf;csKyf&Sif;jywJh tcsufudk em;vnf oabmayguf
vdrfhr,f vdkY ,lqxm;ygw,f/
uH? pdwf? Owk? t[m& qkdwJh orkXmefav;yg;[m urmavmuBuD;rSm ,aeYxGef;um;aewJh odyHynmqkdif&m
*kPfowdawG&Jh t"dutaMumif;&if;awGyJ/ odyHynm[m owADZuvmyfawGay:rSm rlwnfNyD; vufawGY
avhvmpl;prf;csufawGudk vkyfudkif&w,fqdkwm b,folrQ jiif;qdkEdkifwJhtcsufawGr[kwfbl; qdkwmuawmh
rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'DowADZuvmyfawG[m OwkorkXmefqdkwJh ylrI? {rI&Jh jyKjyifajymif;vJrIr&SdbJeJY
rwnfNrJ Edkifbl;? r&ifhusufEdkifbl;/
aemufwcku 'DowADZuvmyfawGudk b,fvdkyJ ylrI? {rIqdkwJh Owku jyKjyifjyKjyifNyD; BuD;xGm;atmif?
ysufokOf;atmifvkyfvkyf odyHynm&SifwdkY&Jh pdwf"mwfeJY todynmqkdwJh emrfowd? emrftpGrf;rygbJ odyH
ynm[m xGef;um; wdk;wufrvmEdkifbl;/ ,aeYurmrSm tHhrcef; xGef;um;aewJh odyHynm&yf&Jh tpGrf; owd
awGvnf; ay:ayguf rvmEdkifbl; 'umBuD;/
tJ'Dvkd odyHynm&SifawG[m olwdkY&Jh pdwfwefckd;? pdwf&Jhowd? wenf;tm;jzifhqdkvQif odyHynm&Sif&Jh
todPfynmeJY 'DodyHynmqdkif&m tpGrf;owdawGudk prf;oyfazmfxkwfEdkifwmudk rodrjrifMubJ 'D tpGrf;
owdudk ]]r[m0dPfawmf}} odkYr[kwf ]]r[memrfawmf}} u zefqif;awmfrlvdkY jzpfay:vm&w,fvdkY
txiftjrif t,ltqrSm;aeMuw,f/ 'Dvdk txiftjrif t,ltqrSm;wmawG[m odyHynm&SifawGu
avmurSm &Sd&SdorQ kyf0wKudkvufawGYpl;prf;&SmazGEdkifMuayr,fh pdwf&Jhqef;us,fyHk? pdwf&JhtpGrf;owdeJY
ywfoufvdkY aumif;aumif; avhvmpl;prf;EdkifrI rjyKEdkifMuao;vdkYyJ/ wcg txufu OD;yif; ajymcJhwJh
t|uvmyfkyfawG&Jh zJGYpnf;rI? wnfaqmufrI? uJGjym;rI? ysufokOf;rIawGaMumifh? orkXmefw&m;awGaMumifh
kyf0wKawG&Jh owdawG? wefcdk;awG[m jzpfay:vm&w,fqdkwJhtaMumif;eJY pdwf&Jhwefcdk;owdpGrf;tm;
BuD;rm;wJhtaMumif;awGudk rodrjrifEdkifwm [m avmurSm &Sd&SdorQ kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkYudk ,xmblw
usus rjrifatmif zHk;uG,fxm;wJh t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifxkaMumifhjzpfw,f/ oAnKwPfawmf&Sif Ak'
onfomvQif 'DemrfkyfqdkwJh w&m;ESpfyg;udk t&if;cHNyD; jzpfay:xGef;um;vm&wJh avmurSm &Sd&SdorQaom
w&m;wdkY&Jh taMumif;w&m;udk b,f"mwfcJGcef;? b,f zvfjyGefzvfcGuf? b,ftyl"mwf t{"mwfay;EdkifwJh
ud&d,mwefqmrQ rygbJeJY tukeftpif rsuf0g;xifxif odjrifawmfrlEdkifw,f/ 'gaMumifh 'D oAnKw
Pfawmf&Sif Ak'udk,fawmfwdkif a[majymnTefjyawmfrlcJhwJh Ak'0g'[m tjcm;bmomawG? odyHynm
tygt0if ynmtoD;oD;awGxuf jrifhrm;w,fvdkY OD;yif;u tckdiftrm ajymEdkifwmaygh/ uJ 'umBuD;wkdY
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
39
odyH ynm&SifawGu tckOD;yif; a[majymwJhtcsufudk rausrvnfvdkY&Sd&if jyefvnf ar;jref;EdkifMuygw,f/

a0vnf; a0zefEdkifygw,f/
azmhpwm/
tck q&mawmfa[majymwJh tcsuftvufawG[m tvGefrSefuef&Sif;vif;vSygw,f/ wynfh
awmfwdkYtaeeJY jyefvnfar;jref;qef;ppfa0zefbkdY&m rvdkawmhygbl;/ tm;vHk;oabmayguf em;vnfMu
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh q&mawmfudk,fwdkif Ak'bmomtzJGUcsKyfBuD;uwnfaqmufxm;wJh bHkbkdifNrdKU tmeEm
0d[m&rSm ,cif wcg a[mawmfrlzl;wJh emrfkyfw&m; ESpfyg;wdkY&Jhoabmudk wcgxyfNyD; a[mjyawmfrlygOD;
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
,ckvdk odyHynmxGef;um;aewJhacwfrSm odyHynm&SifawGtay:rSm jzLpifoefY&Sif;wJh
apwem eJY ajym&r,fqkd&if olwdkYwawG[m &Sd&SdorQaom kyf0wKwdkY&Jh taMumif;w&m;? tusdK;w&m;?
'Dkyf0wKwdkY&Jh wu,fhjzpfpOf? wu,fh*kPfowdwkdYudk rodMubJ oufrJhkyf0wKwkdY&Jh *kPfj'yfudk vufawGY
pl;prf;&SmazG avhvm Mu&if; vdk&if;udk ra&mufbJ uG,fvGeftedpa&mufMu&wJh emrnfausmf
odyHynm&SifBuD;awGvnf; renf;bl;/ 'Dvdk BudK;&if;yrf;&if; avhvm&if; pl;prf;&if;eJY vdk&if;udkra&mufbJ
vrf;ckvyfrSm uG,fvGefMu&wJh taMumif;&if; uawmh 'DodyHynm&SifawG[m &Sd&SdorQaom kyfw&m;
wdkY&JhjzpfpOf? ysufpOf? *kPf? owd? zJGYpnf;yHk? ysufokOf;yHk pwJh tcsufawGudk odjrifem;vnfrI? wenf;tm;jzifh
t0dZmPf t&if;cHr&SdbJeJY qifuef;awmwdk; vdkufvHpl;prf;aeMuvdkYjzpfw,f 'umBuD;/
tvGef&Sif;vif;vG,fulNyD; odjrifem;vnfEdkifwJh OyrmeJYajym&&if 'D odyHynm&SifawG[m awmifa0S;wacsmif;
eJY vrf;avQmufaewJh rsufrjrif'kudwawGeJY wlaeNyD; rsufrjrif'kudw wa,muf[m oloGm;vmaeus
ae&mXme wckudk awmifa0S;wacsmif;udk toHk;jyKNyD;awmh avQmufwwf? oGm;wwfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvdk
olavQmuf&if; olawGYwJhvl? olYab;rSm&SdwJh taqmuftOD ponfwkdYudkawmh tjcm;olwa,mufudk rar;bJeJY
olrodbl;/ acwfopf odyHynm&SifawGvnf; 'DvdkyJ/ olwdkY&nfpl;xm;wJh avhvmprf;oyfrIudk vkyfudkifvdkY
rNyD;ao;cif vrf; ckvyftwGif;rSm awGYjrif&wJh odyHkyf0wKwdkY&Jh zJGYpnf;yHk? ysufokOf;yHk? taMumif;w&m;?
tusdK;w&m;? *kPf? owd ponfwdkYudk rodrjrifMubl;/ 'D odyHynm&SifawGrSm Ak'a[mawmfrlcJhwJh tbd"rm
Pfawmf? wenf;tm;jzifh 0dZmPfrsm; &Sdxm;Mu&if tckxuf tHhbG,frcef; xl;qef;wJhatmifjrifrIawGudk
&r,fqdkwm ajrBuD;vufcwf rvJGbl;vdkY OD;yif;qkdcsifw,f/ tck urmrSm odyHynm&yfeJY ywfoufvdkY
xdyfwef;tusqHk;jzpfwJh ('kwd, urm ppfBuD; rwkdifrDu a[majymcJhonfh w&m;jzpfygonf/ bmomjyefol)
*smreDjynf[m bmjyKvdkY 'Dvdk odyHynm bufrSm tjcm;wkdif;jynfawGxuf omae&ovJqkd&if *smreDjynfu
a'gufwm aygvf'dkuf wdkYvdk yk*dKvfawGu Ak'tbd"rmudk wzufrS ususeeavhvmxm;MuNyD;
wzufuvnf; odyHynmt& avhvmpl;prf;rIwkdYudk jyKvkyfaeMuvdkYyJ jzpfygw,f 'umBuD;/
wGif ygarmuazmhpwmu w&m;emy&dwfrsm;udk,fpm; q&mawmftm; aus;Zl;wifaMumif;ESifh

aemifvnf; olESifhwuG odyHynm&SifwdkYtm; kyfemrfcEmudk,fwdkYESifhqdkif&m w&m;wdkYudk a[mMum;awmf
rlygrnfh taMumif; avQmufxm;avonf/
40
ar;cGef;trSwf (7)
b0oHo&mwGif tptqHk;r&SdaMumif; xif&Sm;atmif &Sif;vif;awmfrlyg q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - rpwm t,f(rf) 'gl;0g;vm;? vTwfawmfa&SUaeBuD;? bHkbdkifNrdKU? ajzqdkol
- q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ b0oHo&m[m puf0dkif;ozG,f tqufrjywfusifvnfaewJhw&m; jzpfavawmh

tptqHk;r&Sdbl; 'umBuD;&Jh/ 'Dvdk tptqHk;r&SdbJ puf0dkif;ozG,f csmcsmvnfaeayr,fh 'Dpuf0dkif;xJu
xGufEdkifwJh vrf;&Sdw,f/ tJ'DxGufaygufvrf;[m a0'emeJYwPSmtMum;rSmyJ/ rsufpdeJY toGifoPmef? em;eJY
toH? vQmeJY t&om? udk,feJY tawGY? pdwfeJY oabmwdkY&Jh wckeJYwck toD;oD; awGYxddkufcwfrIaMumifh
ay:aygufvm&wJh a0'emudk 0dyemw&m;eJY tqufjzwfNyD; tjrpfjzKwfypfEdkifvdkY&Sd&if wPSmqdkwJh w&m;
udk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;w&m;[m ay:aygufrvmEdkifawmhbl;/ 'DwPSmqdkwJhw&m;[m Oyg'gefqdkwJh
w&m;&Jh taMumif;w&m;jzpfavawmh 'DwPSmudkjzKwfvdkuf&if olY&JhtusdK;w&m;jzpfwJh Oyg'gefqdkwJhw&m;[m
ray:aygufEdkifawmhbl;/ Oyg'gefw&m; ay:rvmEdkifwmeJYwNydKifeuf ZmwdqdkwJhw&m;[m ay:rvmEdkif jyef
bl;/ 'D Zmwdw&m; csKyfNidrf;oGm;wmeJYwNydKifeuf tdkjcif;? emjcif;? aojcif; qkdwJh w&m;awGyg woDwwef;
BuD; jyKwfoGm;& r,f/ 'D 'kuw&m;awGeJY jyGef;wD;aewJh b0w&m;awG csKyfNidrf;wmeJY wNydKifeuf b,fawmhrS
NzdKzsufvdkYr&wJh edAmefqdkwJh w&m;udk &wmyJ/
'gl;0g;vm;/ Ak'[m b0oHo&mrSm tptqHk;r&Sdbl;vdkY a[mwmu 'Db0oHo&mrSm tptqHk; &Sdaomf
vnf; oludk,fwdkif MunfhvdkYrjrif&wJhtwGuf a[mwm r[kwfygvm; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;? Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf rjrifwJh? rodwJh w&m;qdkwm avmurSmr&Sdbl;/ 'gayr,fh 'D
b0oHo&mrSmtptqHk;r&SdwJhtwGufr&Sdbl;vdkYa[mawmfrlcJhjcif;jzpfygw,f/ 'Dtcsufudk 'umBuD; &Sif;&Sif;
vif;vif; odjrifem;vnfvmatmif OD;yif;u Oyrmwckjy&tHk;r,f/ uJ 'umBuD;? OD;yif;udk ausmckdif;NyD;
y&dwfbufudk rsufESmrlvdkufprf;yg/ OD;yif;u OD;yif;bufudk jyefvSnfhvdkYajymrS 'umBuD; jyefvSnfhyg/
(rpwm 'gl;0g;vm;onf q&mawmfajymonfhtwdkif; y&dwfbufodkY rsufESmrlvdkufaomtcg q&mawmf

onf ajrjzLwawmifhudk,l teD;&Sd oifykef;BuD;ay: puf0dkif;BuD;wckudk a&;qJGvdkuf\/ xdkYaemuf rpwm
'gl;0g;vm;tm; q&mawmfu olYbufokdY jyefvSnfhcdkif;vdkuf\)
uJ 'umBuD;? a[m'D oifykef;BuD;ay:u puf0dkif;xJu pwJhae&meJY qHk;wJhae&mudk OD;yif;tm; jyprf;yg/

'gl;0g;vm;/ puf0dkif;wck jzpfaeavawmh tptqHk;&,fvdkY r&Sdygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD; 'Dvdkajymwm[m 'Dpuf0dkif;&Jh tpeJY tqHk;udk rjrifvkdYaygh/
'gl;0g;vm;/ wynfhawmf[m oifykef;BuD;ay:u puf0dkif;udk aumif;aumif;BuD;jrif&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D

puf0dkif;rSm tptqHk;r&SdwJhtwGuf tptqHk;r&Sdbl;vdkY avQmufxm;wmyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'Doifykef;BuD;ay:u tck cPtwGif;urS OD;yif; ajrjzLeJYqJGvdkufwJh puf0dkif;uav;rSmrS
tptqHk; r&Sd&if pMum0VmBuD;wckvHk;udk ywfaewJh b0oHo&m qdkwJh puf0dkif;BuD;rSm b,fhES,fvkyfNyD; tp
tqHk; &,fvdkY &SdEdkifyghrvJ 'umBuD;/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
41
'gl;0g;vm;/ q&mawmf &Sif;vif;a[majymawmfrlvdkufwJhtwGuf b0oHo&m puf0dkif;BuD;rSm tptqHk;

r&SdwJhtaMumif; wynfhawmf aumif;aumif;BuD; odjrifem;vnfygNyD bk&m;/
wGif w&m;emy&dwfwdkYu om"k tEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
42
ar;cGef;trSwf (8)
t0dZm odkYr[kwf tarSmifw&m;onf b0oHo&m\ y"metaMumif;&if;jzpfcJhvQif t0dZmw&m;onf 4if;\
tarSmifxkjzifh b0oHo&mudk rnfuJhodkYjyKjyifzefwD;EdkifygovJ q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - rpwm *sdK&SD? bDat? t,f(vf) t,f(vf) bD? [kdufukwfa&SUaeBuD;?
bHkbdkifNrdKU? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ t0dZmqkdwJh w&m;&Jhtajctaeudk 'umBuD; ususee em;vnfoabmaygufvm

atmif OD;yif; ar;wJhar;cGef;udk ususee pOf;pm;NyD; ajzapcsifygw,f 'umBuD;/
*sdK&SD/
rSefyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
'umBuD;/
tvif;a&mifeJY tarSmifqdkwJh w&m;ESpfyg;[m wBudrfwnf; wcgwnf; jzpfay:vmEdkifovm;
*sdK&SD/
tvif;a&mifeJY tarSmifw&m;wkdY[m wyg;eJYwyg; ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefYusifaeMuwJh w&m;
ESpfyg; jzpfwJhtwGuf wBudrfwnf; wcgwnf; wNydKifwnf; jzpfay:rvmEdkifygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzihf tarSmifw&m;udkjzpfay:apwJh taMumif;w&m;[mvnf; tvif;a&mifyJvm;/ tvif;
a&mifudk jzpfapwwfwJh w&m;uvnf; tarSmifw&m;yJvm;/
*sdK&SD/
tvif;a&mif[m tarSmifw&m;udk jzpfay:apwJh w&m;vdkYqkd&if rrSefygbl; q&mawmf/ wcg
tvif;a&mifudk jzpfapwJhw&m;[m tarSmifw&m;yJqdkvdkYvnf; rjzpfEdkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh tarSmif
w&m;r&SdwJhtcgrSm tvif;a&mifjzpfay:NyD; tvif;a&mifr&SdwJhtcgrSm tarSmifw&m;jzpfay:&w,fvdkY qkd&if
awmh rSefygvdrfhr,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ tJ tck 'umBuD;ajymovdkyJ &Sd&SdorQaomkyfw&m;? emrfw&m;awGudk ,xmblwusus
rqifjcif roHk;oyfEdkif&if? rjrifEdkif&if? t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifw&m;[m vTrf;rdk;wmyJ/ wcg &Sd&SdorQaom
kyfemrf w&m;awGudk tydktvdk? twdk;tqkwfr&Sd olYyuwdtwdkif; aeom;wus MunfhwwfjrifwwfwJh
0dZmw&m; wenf;tm;jzifh tvif;a&mif xGef;awmufwJhtcgrSm t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifw&m;[m aysmufuG,f
oGm;&awmh wmaygh/ 'gaMumifh t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifw&m;[m b,fw&m;aMumifh jzpfw,f/ 'Dw&m;&Jh
t&if;cHtaMumif;w&m;[m [kdw&m;yJ? 'Dw&m;yJvdkY &Smaewm[m MuufOudk tp&Smaeovdk yifyef;NyD; t&m
rxifwJhtvkyfyJ jzpfw,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqdkawmh pMum0VmBuD; w0Srf;vHk;twGif;rSm&SdwJh ouf&Sdow0g
a0ae,sawGudk jzpfay:apwJh taMumif;w&m;[m t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifw&m;yJ/ 'Dt0dZmqdkwJh tarSmif
w&m;u zHk;vTrf;xm;vdkY &Sd&SdorQ ow0gawG[m ouf&Sd oufrJh kyf0wKtvHk;pHkudk y&rwfoabmeJY rjrifbJ
ynwftjrifeJYomjrifNyD; wyfrufNidwG,faeMuwmjzpfw,f/ t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifw&m;udk aysmufuG,f
oGm;atmif wGef;vSefz,f&Sm;ypf EdkifwmeJY wNydKifeuf ow0gtoD;oD;[m wOD;csif; usifvnfepfrGef;wJh
oHo&mqdkwJh puf&[wfxJu vGwfajrmufoGm;MurSmyJ/ wenf;tm;jzifhajym&&if txufu OD;yif; ajymcJh
ovdk t0dZmqdkwJh tarSmifw&m; aysmufuG,fwmeJY wNydKifeuf 0dZmqdkwJh tvif;a&mif vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;
vm&rSmyJ 'umBuD;/
*sdK&SD/
,ck q&mawmf&Jh tvif;a&mifeJY tarSmifw&m;wdkY&Jh Oyrm b0oHo&mudk tarSmifw&m;u
b,fvdkzefwD;w,fqdkwmudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif;BuD; em;vnfoabmaygufygNyD q&mawmf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
wGif w&m;emy&dwfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
43
44
ar;cGef;trSwf (9)
Ak'&Jh edAmefudk c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkY&Jh aumif;uifbHkeef;? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwdkY&Jh O,smOfawmf? [dEL
bmom0ifwkdY&Jh rkwdwdkYuJhodkY yHkoPmefudk a[majymNyD; jyEdkifyghrvm; q&mawmf/ 'DvdkrS rjyEdkifcJhvdkY&Sd&if
edAmef w&m;[m wu,fwrf; &SdEdkifyghrvm; q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - c&pf,mefbkef;BuD; a*s? 0pf(vf)qif? trfat (atmufpzdkYwuodkvf)
c&pf,mef bmom&yf yg&*l? bHkbkdifNrdKU? tufvDzifpwHk;aumvdyf? t*Fvdyfbmomygarmu? ajzqdkol
- q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ tvGefw&mvnf; jrifhjrwf? csrf;omokceJYvnf; vHk;0jynfhpHkNyD; zsufqD;vdkYr&bJ

tpOfxm0&vnf; wnfNrJaewJh edAmefw&m;eJY ,SOfNydKifvdkY&wJhw&m;[m avmurSm r&Sdbl;/ 'gaMumifh edAmef
qdkwJh w&m;udk oufqkdif&m bmomt,l0g'toD;oD;t& a[majymxm;wJh c&pf,mefbmom0ifwdkY&Jh aumif;
uifbHkeef;wdkY? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwkdY&Jh O,smOfawmfwdkY? [dELbmom0ifwdkY&Jh rkwdwdkY qkdwJhw&m;awGeJYawmh
EdIif;,SOfvdkYr&bl;/ 'Dw&m;awGudk omrefvlom;awG&Jh PfeJY pdwful;vdkY&w,f/
Ak'u olY&Jh w&m;a'oemawmfawGxJrSm a[mjyawmfrlcJhwJh edAmefqdkwJhw&m;udk Ak'udk,fawmfwdkifeJY &[Em
yk*dKvfrsm;omvQif txift&Sm;jrifawmfrlEdkifw,f/ ewfawG? odMum;awG? jA[mawGawmif rjrifEdkifMubl;/ 'D
edAmefqdkwJhw&m;udk jrifEdkifodEdkifwJh tajctaeudka&mufzdkYqdkwmuvnf; vG,fulwmr[kwfbl;/ 'Dvdk
odEdkifzdkY&m 1/
emrly y&d*[Pf (pdwfwdkY\wu,fhobm0ESifh kyfwdkY\wu,fhobm0udk ydkif;jcm;odaom
ynm tvif;)
2/
yp, y&d*[Pf (pdwfESifhwuG taxmuftyHhoabmwdkYudk4if;? kyfESifhwuG taxmuftyHhoabm
wdkYudk 4if; ydkif;jcm;odaom ynmtvif;)
3/
oroePf (kyf\jzpfysufrI? emrf\jzpfysufrIwdkYudk rNrJjcif;? qif;&Jjcif;? tpdk;r&jcif;wkdYjzifh
jrifaom ynm tvif;)
4/
O',b,Pf (kyfemrfwdkY\ jzpfysufrIudk Ijrifaom ynmtvif;)
5/
b*FPf (kyfemrfwdkY\ tysufudkom Iaom ynmtvif;)
6/
b,Pf (kyfemrfudk aMumufzG,f Ijrifaom ynmtvif;)
7/
tm'de0Pf (kyfemrfwdkY\ tjypfudk Ijrifwwfaom ynmtvif;)
8/
edAd'gPf (kyfemrfwdkYudk NiD;aiGYaom ynmtvif;)
9/
rkpdwkurswmPf (kyfemrfysufpD;rIwkdYrS vGwfajrmufvkdaom IjrifrI ynmtvif;)
10/
y#docFgPf (wzefvGwfvdkaom IjrifrI ynm tvif;)
11/
ocFglayumPf (jzpfysufrIwdkYudk vspfvsLjyK Ijrifaom ynmtvif;)
12/ tEkavmrPf (atmufuodNyD;aom ynmtvif;ESifh txufqufod&ef ynmtvif;wdkYudk

avsmfpGm Ijrifaom ynm tvif;)
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
45
13/ a*gMwblPf (udavom ayusHrI tquftEG,fjywf avmurS vGwfajrmuf&ef Nidrf;csrf;aom

ynm tvif;)
14/
aomwmywdr*fPf (opmav;yg;udk ,HkrSm;uif;pGm tptqHk;odaom ynmtvif;)
15/
aomwmywdzdkvfPf (txufyg r*fPf\ tusdK;)
16/
ou'g*grdr*fPf (avmb? a'goESifh awGa0rIwkdYudk xyfxyfy,faom ynmtvif;)
17/
ou'g*grdzdkvfPf (txufyg r*fPf\ tusdK;)
18/
tem*grd r*fPf (umr? &m*ESifh pdk;&drfpdwfwkdYudk ukefpifatmify,faom ynmtvif;)
19/
tem*grd zdkvfPf (txufyg r*fPf\ tusdK;)
20/
t&[w r*fPf (udk,fwGif;&efol [lorQwdkYudk t<uif;rJhy,faom ynmtvif;)
21/
t&[w zdkvfPf (txufyg r*fPf\ tusdK;)
22/
ypa0uePf (tzefzefqifjcifwkdif; jrifaomPf)
'DPf(22)yg;udk & &r,f/ Ak'eJY olY&[EmawG[m 'DPf(22)yg;udk &&Sdxm;wJhtwGuf edAmefqdkwm odjrif

em;vnfawmfrlMujcif;jzpfw,f/
0pfvqif/
edAmefqdkwJhw&m;udk q&mawmfa[majymawmfrlwJhtwdkif; rnfonfhyHkoPmef? ta&mif
tqif; &Sdw,fqdkwmudk a[majymzdkY cJ,Of;w,fqdkwJhtcsufudk vufcHygw,f/ 'gayr,fh edAmefudk rodEdkif
rjrifEdkifMuwJh vlom;wdkYudk edAmefudk vdkcsifvmatmif edAmefqdkwJhw&m;rSm b,fvdk *kPfowdeJY t&nftcsif;
&Sdw,fqdkwmudkawmh Ak'eJYolY&[EmawG[m a[majymvdkY rjzpfEdkifaybl;vm; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
edAmefqdkwJhw&m;udk rodEdkif rjrifEdkifMuwJh vlom;awGtm; edAmef[m b,fvdkyHkoPmef?
ta&miftqif; &Sdw,fqdkwmudk b,fvdkyJ a[majymaomfvnf; 'DPfynmawGudkrS &rxm;vdkY&Sd&if rodEdkif
rjrifEdkifMubl;/ 'gayr,fh 'Dvlom;awG odjrifem;vnfEdkifavmufwJh edAmef&Jh *kPfowdawGudkawmh Ak'
udk,fawmfwkdifu a[mawmfrlcJhygw,f/ tJ'D *kPfowdawGuawmh 1/
edAmeH tocFwH (edAmef[m a&? ajr? av? rD; qdkwJh r[mbkwf"mwfBuD;av;yg;wkdY aygif;pyfzJGYpnf;
wnfaqmufxm;wJh w&m;r[kwfwJhtwGuf jyKjyifajymif;vJrIrS uif;pifjcif;)
2/
edAmeH edpH (edAmef[m wnfNrJrI&Sdjcif;)
3/
edAmeH y&rokcH (edAmef[m wPSm? Oyg'gef pwJh w&m;awGudk jzpfyGm;apwJh a0'emw&m;awGrS
uif;pifwJh taumif;qHk;aom csrf;omokceJY jynfhpHkjcif;)
4/
edAmeH "l0H (edAmef[m zefqif;xm;wJhw&m; r[kwfbJ tNrJ&SdwJh w&m;jzpfjcif;)
5/
edAmeH 0drkwd&m (edAmef[m vGwfajrmufwJht&omeJY vHk;0jynfhpHkjcif;)
6/
edAmeH okbH (edAmef[m tvGefwifhw,fjcif;w&m;eJY jynfhpHkjcif;)
7/
edAmeH 0da&m"dorwH (edAmef[m 1500 udavomw&m;awG? kyf? emrf? cEmw&m;wdkYrS
ay:aygufvmwJh a0'emw&m;awG? 'kuawGtm;vHk; uif;vGwfjcif;) qkdwJh (7)yg;aom w&m;awGyJ jzpfw,f/
0pfvqif/
Ak'eJY &[Emudk,fawmfjrwfrsm;udk,fwdkif odjrifem;vnfxm;wJh edAmefqdkwJhw&m;udk olwdkY
udk,fwdkif wdwdusus a[majymawmfrlMuygvsufeJY omrefvlom;rsm;u 'DedAmefqdkwJhw&m;udk em;rvnfEkdif
46
Mubl; qkdwJh tcsufudkawmh wynfhawmfwdkYtaeeJY oabmraygufEdkifbJ jzpfaeMuygw,f q&mawmf/

'gaMumifh 'DjyemeJY ywfoufvdkY wynfhawmfwdkY em;vnfoabmaygufoGm;atmif &Sif;vif;jyawmfrlygOD;
q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
edAmefqdkwJhw&m;eJY ywfoufvdkY Ak'udk,fawmfwdkif a[mawmifrS omrefvlom;wdkY&Jh Pf
rsufpdeJY b,fenf;eJYrS rodEdkif? em;rvnfEdkifbl;qdkwJhtcsufudk &Sif;vif;oGm;atmif 'umBuD;udk Oyrmwck
xyfNyD; jy&vdrfhOD;r,f/
(xdkaemuf q&mawmfu ygarmu 0pfvqiftm; atmufygar;cGef;rsm;udk ar;ygonf/)
q&mawmf/
tu,f arG;uwnf;u rsufpdrjrifwJh vlwa,mufudk 'Dy&dwfxJac:vmNyD;
'umBuD;u tJ'D rsufpdrjrifwJhvludk ae&Jh tvif;a&mif[m b,fvkdyHkoPmef&Sdw,f? b,fvdk ta&miftqif;
&Sdw,f qkdwm udk tJ'Dvl odjrifem;vnfvmatmif &Sif;jyEdkifyghrvm;/
0pfvqif/
'Dvl[m arG;uwnf;u rsufpduG,faewJholqdkawmh aea&mifjcnf[m b,fvdkta&mif?
b,fvdkyHkoPmef&Sdw,fqdkwmudk olodjrifem;vnfEdkifatmif &Sif;jyEdkifr,f r[kwfygbl;/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkdawmh
'D arG;uwnf;u rsufpduG,fvmwJh vl[m wynfhawmfudk aea&mifjcnf[m wdkovm;? &Snfovm;?
El;nHhovm;? Murf;ovm;? xlovm;? yg;ovm;? vHk;ovm;? jym;ovm;? jrifhovm;? edrfhovm;?
ajzmifhovm;? aumuf ovm;? vufeJYprf;vdkY xdvdkY&ovm;? r&bl;vm; pwJh ar;cGef;awGudk ar;NyD;
wynfhawmfu b,fvdkyJajzajz ol[m em;vnf oabmaygufrSm r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/ aemufqHk;
olar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk rajzEdkifawmh wynfhawmf[m vufavQmhvdkuf&HkyJ &SdawmhrSmyg q&mawmf/ 'D
rsufpdrjrifwJhvludk ae&Jhta&mif[m b,fvdk oabm&Sdw,fqkdwmukd odjrifem;vnfEkdifatmif
tvGefuRrf;usif em;vnfwJh orm;awmfeJY rsufpdudk jrifvmatmif ukoay;ygrSjzpfrSmyg q&mawmf/
tck q&mawmfar;wJhar;cGef;udk ajz&Sif;&if;eJY aea&mifjcnf&Jhobm0eJYywfoufvdkY arG;uwnf;u
rsufpduG,f vmwJh vludk b,fvdkyJ&Sif;jyjy odjrifem;vnfrvmEdkifovkdbJ edAmef&Jhoabm obm0udk Ak'&Jh
&[EmawG udk,fwdkifu b,favmufyJa[ma[m omrefvlom;awG[m em;vnfzdkY? oabmaygufzdkY
rjzpfEdkifbl; qdkwJh tcsufudk wynfhawmf &Sif;vif;oabmaygufygNyD q&mawmf/
wynfhawmf ArmjynfrSm ESpfaygif;rsm;pGm aecJhpOftcgu 'D edAmefeJYywfoufwJhjyemudk q&mawmfBuD;awG?
ynm&Sdyk*dKvfBuD;awGudk avQmufxm;cJhzl;ygw,f/ olwdkYu 'Djyemudk &[Emyk*dKvfrsm;om &Sif;vif;
a[majym Edkifw,f/ edAmeftaMumif;udk odcsif&if rdrdudk,fwdkif r*if&Spfyg;udk usifh&r,fvdkY ajymMuygw,f
q&mawmf/ q&mawmfu arG;uwnf;u rsufaphuG,fvmwJhvl&Jh OyrmeJY&Sif;NyD; a[majymawmfrlvdkufrSyJ
wynfhawmf[m edAmefqdkwJhw&m;&Jhoabmudk em;vnfoabmaygufvmu wynfhawmf&JhpdwfxJrSm
umv&Snfvsm;pGm IyfaxG; aewJh jyem[m &Sif;vif;oGm;ygawmhw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
ckeu OD;yif;a[mcJhovdk arG;uwnf;u rsufaphrjrifwJhvludk aea&mif[m b,fvdk
ta&mif tqif;&Sdw,f? b,fvdk yHkoPmef&Sdw,f? b,fvkdowd&Sdw,f qdkwmudk b,favmufyif
&Sif;jy&Sif;jy puKESpfuGif; tvif;r&ojzifh aea&mif&Jhoabmudk b,fenf;eJYrS em;vnfoabmaygufrSm
r[kwfovkd Ak'ESifh &[Emt&SifjrwfwdkYom odjrifem;vnfEdkifwJh edAmefqdkwJhw&m;&Jh oabmESifh
tESpfom&udkvnf; t&[wr*f t&[wzdkvfPfudk r&rcsif; rodEdkif? oabmraygufEdkifbl; qkdwmudk
tm;vHk; em;vnf oabmaygufMu apcsifw,f/ 'Dw&m;udk em;vnfoabmaygufvdkwJh tMuifol wOD;
wa,muf[m t0dZmtarSmifxkudk jrLrQ rusefatmif z,f&Sm;ypf&vdrfhr,f/ 'D t0dZmw&m;udk y,f&Sm; ypfzdkY
&ef vnf; r*if&Spfyg;w&m;udk wu,fwrf; rqkwfrepf tm;xkwf&ygvdrfhr,f/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
47
(ae&mwGif y&dwfxJrS 'umBuD;wa,mufu rwfwwf&yfvsuf)
q&mawmfbk&m;? wynfhawmfwdkY tdEd,jynfeJY ArmjynfrSm&SdMuwJh tar&duef omoemjyKawGu edAmefqdkwm

bmrQr[kwfbJ tm;vHk;zsufqD;ypfwJhw&m;vdkY a[majymaeMuavawmh 'DuaeY q&mawmf a[mawmfrlvdkufrS
yJ wynfhawmfwdkY[m edAmefqdkwJhw&m;[m olwdkYajymovdk tm;vHk;udk zsufqD;ypfwJhw&m;r[kwfbJ
wu,fhudk csrf;omokc tjynfht0&SdwJhw&m;rSef; em;vnfoabmaygufMu&ygw,f q&mawmf/
wGif y&dwftm;vHk;u om"ktEkarm'em jyKMuavukefonf/
48
ar;cGef;trSwf (10)
Ak'udk,fwdkifu tjcm;olrsm;uJhodkY ZeD;ESifhom; &Sdygvsuf avmb? a'go? wPSm? rme? t0dZm ponfh
w&m;wdkYrS uif;pifEdkifygrnfvm; q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - c&pf,mefbkef;BuD; a*s? 0pf(vf)qif? trfat (atmufpzdkYwuodkvf)?
c&pf,mef bmom yg&*l? bHkbkdifNrdKU? tufvDzifpwHk;aumvdyf? t*Fvdyfbmomygarmu? ajzqdkol q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'rSm ZeD;vnf;&Sdw,f/ om;vnf;&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh Ak'[m omrefvlom;

wa,mufomjzpfNyD; bk&m;qdkwJhbJGYxl;eJY rnfonfhenf;eJYrQ rxdkufwefbl; qdkwJhpum;[m Ak'&Jh odyH
enf;uswJh tbd"rmw&m;awGudk rodem;rvnfMuwJh c&pf,mefbkef;BuD;rsm;u Ak'bmomudk rESpfNrdKUwJh
oabmeJY a[majym 0g'jzefYaeMuwJhpum;omvQif jzpfygw,f/
tvGefjrifhjrwfwJh? NydKifzufr&SdwJh? tvGefpifMu,fjrifhjrwfwJh? oAnKwa&TPfawmf&SifAk'eJY Ak'tjzpfudk
a&mufatmif usifhaepOftcgu Ak'tavmif;tvsmeJY tvGefuGmjcm;vsuf&Sdw,fqdkwJh tcsufukd olwdkY[m
vHk;0 rodem;rvnfMubl;/
ZeD; ,aomf"&mrif;orD;eJY om;awmf &m[kvmwdkYeJY eef;roHk;aqmifrSm aysmfpHaecJhwJh a*gwrrif;om;?
wenf;tm;jzifh od'wrif;om;[m Ak'&Jhtavmif;tvsm? Ak'jzpfzdkY&efBudK;pm;aewJh tMuifvlom;wa,mufyJ
jzpfcJhw,f/ ol[m ormorK'tjzpfa&mufatmifavhusifh,l&r,fhrif;om;wyg;yJjzpfw,f/ Ak'udk,fawmfwdkif
r[kwfao;bl;/
Ak'qdkwm bmvJvdkY qkdwmudk uGufuGufuGif;uGif; xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jrifvmatmif OD;yif;u atmufyg
tcsuf tvufudk &Sif;jyzdkY vdkvdrfhr,f/
Ak'tjzpfudk vdkvm;awmifhwNyD;usifhoHk;wJhvludk Ak'tavmif;tvsmvdkYac:w,f/ 'D Ak'tavmif;tvsm[m 1/
rdrd&Jh pnf;pdrfOpmudk rajymeJY? toufudkyif vmNyD;tvSLcHr,fhvl&Sd&if ay;urf;pGefYBuJr,fqkdwJh 'ge

yg&rD?
2/
toufyif taocHNyD; apmifhxdef;tyfwJh oDvudk apmifhxdef;ygr,f qdkwJh oDvyg&rD?
3/
pnf;pdrfOpm[lorQwGif omrefvlom;wdkY twyfrufqHk;jzpfwJh xD;eef;pnf;pdrfudkyif pGefYy,f

awmxGufjcif;? wenf;tm;jzifh pnf;pdrfOpm&wem qdkwJh w&m;pkwdkYrS vGwfajrmufatmif
kef;xGuf wJh eduryg&rD?
4/
toufpnf;pdrfcsrf;omudkyif yrmPrjyKbJ trSefw&m;udkom udk,fpm;jyKwJh opmyg&rD?
5/
&Sd&SdorQaomw&m;udk [kwfwdkif;rSef&mtwdkif; cJGjcm;pdwfjzmNyD;odEdkifwJh todPfudk qnf;yl; wnf

aqmufwJh ynmyg&rD?
6/
touftdk;tdrfpnf;pdrf[lorQudk yrmPrxm;bJ ork'&myifv,fBuD;udkyif vufypful; pGefYpm;0Hh

aom rqkwfrepfonfh ZJGvHkYvxkwfrI 0D&d,yg&rD?
7/
rdrd&Jh om;orD; ZeD;udkomru rdrd&Jhtoufudkyif vkyfBuHowfjzwfrnfhol jzpfyap? rnfuJhodkYrQ

rwkHYjyefbJ onf;cHwJhtusifhudk wnfaqmufwJh cEDyg&rD?
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
49
8/
&Sd&SdorQaom ow0gwkdYudk rdrd\&ifaoG;&ifESpf om;orD;tppfwdkYuJhodkY cspfcifMuifemjcif; pdwf"mwf

udk wnfaqmufonfh arwmyg&rD?
9/
rdrdjyKtHh[k &nfrSef;xm;wJh jrifhjrwfwJhta&;udpt00udk aqmif&Guf&mwGif rnfonfh ab; tE&m,f

ESifh &ifqdkif&apumrl rqkwfrepfvkyfudkifwJh tavhtusifhudk wnfaqmufwJh t"d|meyg&rD?
10/
rnfolYudkrQ cspfvnf;rcspf? rkef;vnf;rrkef;wJh vGefuJwJhpdwf"mwfrsdK;udk rarG;jrLwwfwJh Oayum

yg&rD/
tJ'D yg&rD(10)yg;udk jznfhqnf;cJhNyD; jynfhpHkwJhtcsdefa&mufrS? aemufqHk;Ak'tjzpfokdY a&mufr,fhb0usawmhrS

tvGefjrifhjrwfNyD; tusifhodumeJY jynfhpHkvSwJhrdcif&Jh0rf;MumwdkuftwGif;rSm y#doaEaecJhw,f/ 'g[m Ak'
tavmif;tvsmwdkY&Jh usifhxHk;yJ/
'DusifhxHk;twdkif;yJ Ak'tavmif;awmf a*gwrrif;om;[m r,fawmfrm,m&Jh 0rf;xJrSm y#doaEwnfNyD;
arG;zGm; awmfrlcJhw,f/ tJ'Daemuf tcsdefwef t&G,fa&mufvmawmh ,aomf"&mrif;orD;eJY pkvsm;&pfywf
vufxyf xdrf;jrm;NyD; om;awmf&m[kvm zGm;jrifjyefw,f/ tJ'Dtcgu a*gwrrif;om;[m Ak'tjzpfudk
ra&mufao;bl;/ Ak'&Jh tavmif;tvsmrQom jzpfw,f/ tJ'DaemufrSm xD;eef;pnf;pdrfeJYwuG avmuDpnf;pdrf
t00udk pGefYy,fNyD; awmxGufawmfrlw,f/ awmxJrSm (6)ESpfwdkifwdkif omrefvlom;wdkY pdwful;xJrSmyif
rxnfh0Hhavmufatmif tvGefjyif;jyif;xefxef usifhawmfrlw,f/
vGefcJhwJh b0tqufqufu jznfhqnf;wnfaqmufcJhwJh (10)yg;aomyg&rDt[kefeJY a*gwrrif;om;tjzpfeJY
(6)ESpfwkdifwdkif jyif;jyif;xefxefusifhcJhwJh tusifht[kefjzifh 0gqdkvjynfhaeY 'kwd,nOfh,HwGif opmav;yg;
jrwf w&m;udk q&mr&SdbJ tvdkvdk t<uif;r&SdodjrifawmfrlcJhw,f/ tJ'DtcsdefupNyD; Ak'tjzpfudk
a&mufawmfrlw,f/ wenf;tm;jzifh opmav;yg;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlw,fqdkwm avmb?
a'go? wPSm? rme? rdpm tp&SdwJh t0dZmw&m;[lorQudk jrLrQrusefatmif okwfoify,f&Sm;Edkifawmfrljcif;
jzpfw,f/ 'Doabmudktjyefjyefaumuf,lr,fqdk&if 'Dt0dZmw&m;udk jrLrQrusefatmif ry,fzsuf r&Sif;vif;
EdkiforQ b,folrQ opmav;yg; jrwfw&m;udk txift&Sm; rodEdkifbl;? rjrifEdkifbl;/
'gaMumifh Ak'[m avmb? a'go? wPSm? rme? 'd|d qdkwJh w&m;awGrSruif;bl;qkdwJhpum;[m vHk;0 ,kwd
,kwm uif;rJhwJh pum;omvQifjzpfw,f/ 'Dpum;[m Ak'qdkwJhpum;&Jh teuft"dym,fudk rodwJhvlrsm;&Jh
ajympum;omvQif jzpfw,f/
Ak'rSm tarqdkwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? tazqdkwmvnf; r&Sdbl;? r,m;vnf;r&Sdbl;? om;vnf;r&Sdbl;? vlYavmu?
ewfavmu? jA[mavmuqkdwJh avmuawGxJrSm Ak'eJY EIdif;tyf,SOftyfwJh yk*dKvf wa,mufrQr&Sdawmhbl;/
ol[m vl? ewf? jA[m ow0gtm;vHk;wdkY&Jh OD;wdkufylaZmf&m q&mjzpfvmawmfrlw,f/
Ak'tavmif;tvsmtaeeJY b0aygif; toacsFwdkifatmif (10)yg;aom yg&rDawmfjrwfudk usifhawmfrlcJh
&wmu taMumif;w&m;? aemufqHk;b0rSm q&mr&SdbJ tvdkvdk opmav;yg;jrwfw&m;udk ydkif;jcm;xifxif
odjrifawmf rljcif;u tusdK;w&m;? wzef Ak'tjzpfu taMumif;w&m;? tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkYudk
odjrifawmfrljcif;u tusdK;w&m;? wzef tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkYudk odjrif&jcif;u taMumif;w&m;? edAmef
w&m;udk &awmfrljcif;u aemufqHk;tusdK;w&m;yJ 'umBuD;/ 'DtcsufawGudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh taMumif;ESifh
tusdK;w&m; wdkY&Jh oabm a&m? Ak'qdkwm bmvJqdkwJhtcsufudkyg em;vnfoabmaygufEdkifygw,f/
0pfvqif/
,ck q&mawmf&Sif;vif;a[majymawmfrlrSyJ wynfhwdkY[m Ak'qkdwm bmudkac:w,f/ Ak'
qdkwm b,fvdk*kPft&nftcsif;eJYjynfhpHk&w,f/ Ak'jzpfatmifbmawGvkyf&w,fqdkwmudk em;vnf oabm
aygufMuNyD; wynfhawmfwdkY OD;acgif;xJrSm pJGaewJh t,ltqrSm;rsm;[m ajyaysmufuif;pif oGm;&ygw,f
q&mawmf/
50
wGif vma&muf w&m;emMuonfhy&dwfu om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
51
ar;cGef;trSwf (11)
Ak'udk,fwdkif tedpa&muf&NyD; aemufxyfwzef jyef &SifrvmEdkifbJvsuf Ak'tm; teEPfawmf&Sif?
twkr&Sd wefcdk;awmf&Sif[k rnfodkYac:Edkifygrnfenf;/
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak' y&dedAmefjyKwmudk omrefvlwdkY uG,fvGeftedpa&mufwJhoabmeJY ,lqjcif;

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(2)
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(3)
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(4)
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(5)
opmav;yg; w&m;awmf?
52
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tBuD;tuJjzpf tkyfpdk;jcif;jzifh aus;Zl;jyKwwfaom t"dywdypnf;? a&S;a&S;aompdwf (89)
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(7)
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53
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vdkygvdrfhr,f/ tJ'D tar;ykpmawGudk 'umBuD;u ajzqdkapvdkygw,f/
(uJhodkY q&mawmfu rdefYjrGufawmfrlNyD;aemuf atmufygar;cGef;udk pwifar;ygonf/)
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54
q&mawmf/
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w&m;eJY qkdif&m w&m;tcsdKU[m arSmifxJrSmyJ &Sdaeao;w,faygh/ [kwfovm; 'umBuD;/
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urmausmfc&D;vSnfhvnfol okawoeyk*dKvf ygarmu *dk;&pf(cf) &Jh rSwfwrf;t& OD;yif; ,ck
&Sif;vif;jyyghr,f/ 'umBuD; *kpdkufNyD; em;axmifapcsifygw,f/
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a[majymcsufrsm;}} ( The untold teachings of the Christ by Prof. Goldricke 1925) qkdwJh
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Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
55
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]trSefw&m;} udk rawGYawGYatmif&SmBuHrnf[k oEd|mefcsvdkuf\/ xdkaemuf uREkfyfonf bk&m;&Sdcdk;ausmif;
xJrSxGuf NrdKUawmfrS xGufcGmvmcJh\/ ig;rdkif ajcmufrdkifausmfcefYvrf;avQmufrdaomtcg c&D;oGm;ukefonf
wpk ESifhawGY\/ olwdkY\0wfpm;qif,ifyHkrSm a&[l'DvlrsdK;rsm;ESifhuJGjym;jcm;em;vsuf&Sd&m olwdkYonf
wkdif;wyg;rS vma&mufMuonfh ukefonfrsm; jzpf&rnf[k owdjyKrd\/ odkYESifh olwdkYteD;odkYcsOf;uyfvdkuf&m
uHtm;avsmfpGm olwdkY acgif;aqmifESifh awGYNyD; olwdkYtm; "rnfonfht&yfrS rnfonfhudpjzifh vmMuoenf;}}
[k ar;jref;vdkufygonf/
56
xdktcg c&D;oGm;ukefonfrsm;\acgif;aqmifrsm;u olwdkYonf wdbufjynfrSjzpfaMumif;? wdbufjynf

om;a&rsm;? OD;csdKrsm;ESifh xl;qef;onfhypnf;rsm;udk a*skqvifNrdKUrS a&TaiG ausmufoHywjrm;ESifh tjcm;
tbdk;wefaq;0g;wdkYESifh zvS,f&efvmMuaMumif; ajymjy\/ uREkfyfonf acgif;aqmif\ pdwfaeoabmxm;
udk oabmusrdojzifh pum;ajym&if;qkd&if;ESifhyif avmu tcsdKUvlwdkYu qif;&J? tcsdKUu kyfacsm? tcsdKUu
tusnf;wef? tcsdKUu usef;rm? tcsdKUu csnfheJYvsuf tb,faMumifh rnDrrQarG;zGm;Muoenf; [laom
a&[l'Dbkef;BuD;rsm;tm; yxrqHk;ar;onfh ar;cGef;udk ar;Munfh\/
xdktcg ukefonftzJGUacgif;aqmifu ]]tdk cspfvSpGmaomoli,f? vlom;rsm;teuf tcsdKUu qif;&J? tcsdKUu csrf;om? tcsdKUu ynm&Sd? tcsdKUu
ynmrJh? tcsdKUu kyfacsm? tcsdKUu tusnf;wef? tcsdKUu usef;usef;rmrm? tcsdKUu tiftm;csnfheJY tjzpfjzifh
wOD;ESifh wOD; toGifrwlbJ arG;zGm;Mu&onfrSm twdwfb0u um,uH? 0pDuH? raemuHwnf;[laom ur
owdwdkYaMumifhyifjzpf\/ kyftqif;tm;jzifh vSyacsmarGY vSyaom t0wfwefqmwdkYudk 0wfqifNyD;vQif
rSef a&SUwGif &yfvdkufaomtcg vSyusufoa&&SdaomtoGifoPmefonf xifvmum kyftqif;tm;jzifh
qdk;0g; pkwfjywfa[mif;EGrf;aom t0wfwdkYudk 0wfqifxm;olwa,mufonf rSefa&SUwGif &yfvdkufaomtcg
tkyfqdk; usufoa&,kwfvSonfh toGifoPmefonf xifvmbdouJhodkY tcsdKUvlom;wdkYonf twdwf
b0u urowdaumif;Muojzifh pnf;pdrfOpmcsrf;omMu\/ kyftqif;oPmefvSMu\/ ynmPf
xufjrufMu\/ usef;rmoefpGrf;Mu\/ udk,fvuft*Fg jynfhpHkMu\/ touf&SnfMu\/ tcsdKUvlom;wkdY
um; twdwfb0u urowd nHhzsif;MuaomaMumifh qif;&JEGrf;yg;Mu\/ tkyfqdk;tusnf;wefMu\/
todPfuif;rJhxHkxdkif;Mu\/ tiftm;csnfheJYMu\/ udk,ft*Fg rjynfhrpHkcsdKUwJhMu\/ uJhodkY vlom;
tcsif;csif; wOD;ESifh wOD; uJGjym;jcm;em;Mu&jcif;rSm txufuajymcJhouJhodkY twdwfb0u urowd tqdk;
ESifhtaumif;t&om jzpf\/ rnfonfh xm0&bk&m;? odkYr[kwf a,[dk;0g\ zefqif;rIaMumifhrQ r[kwfacs/
wenf;tm;jzifh Oyrm ay;&aomf O,smOfrSL;wa,mufonf csdKarT;aomtyifudk pdkufvQif csdKarT;aom toD;
udk pm;& cg;aomtyif udk pdkufvQif cg;aomtoD;udk pm;&bdouJhodkY jzpf\}}
ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;u ajzvdkufonfhtajzudk Mum;vdkufaomtcg uREkfyfonf tvGef0rf;omtm;&jzpf
um olYtm; ]]rnfola[mMum;onfhw&m;wkdYudk vdkufemygoenf;}} [k ar;rd\/
xdktcg ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;u - ]]tdk cspfvSpGmaomoli,f? uREkfyfum; Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf a[mMum;
awmfrlaom w&m;udkomvdkufemusifhoHk;\/ Ak'udk,fawmfjrwfonf avmuoHk;yg;wGif ynmt&SdqHk;
jzpfonf/ tvHk;pHkaom w&m;wdkYudk t<uif;rJhodawmfrlonfh oAnKwa&TPfawmf&Sifvnf; jzpfonf/
"rpMumw&m;&Sifvnf; jzpfonf/ opmav;yg; w&m;awmfudkvnf; ydkif;jcm;xifxif odjrifawmfrlonf/
teEPfawmf? teEwefcdk;awmf&Sifvnf; jzpfawmfrlonf}} [k jyef ajzMum;\/ xdktcg uREkfyfonf Ak'
udk,fawmfjrwf a[mMum;awmfrlonfh w&m;a'oemwdkYudk vdkufemusifhoHk;vdkvSojzifh uREkfyf\rdwfaqGopf
ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;tm; uREkfyfudk wdbufjynfokdY ac:aqmif q&mawmfBuD;wyg;xH tyfESHay;yg&ef
awmif;yefvdkuf\/ uREkfyfu uJhodkY awmif;yefvdkufaomtcg ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;u - ]]tdk oli,f?
uREkfyfonf oifhtm; uREkfyfwkdYwdbufjynfodkY ac:oGm;vdkyg\/ odkY&mwGif oifonf touft&G,ftm;jzifh
tvGefEke,f rdbESpfyg;wdkY\ tkyfxdef;jcif;rS ruif;vGwfao;ojzifh oif\rdbrsm;udk,fwdkif oifhtm;
uREkfyf\ vufwGif;odkY rtyfESHorQ uREkfyfonf oifhtm; wdbufjynfodkY ac:roGm;Edkifyg}} [k
jyefajzqkdygonf/
wGif uREkfyfu ]]tdk rdwfaqG ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;? udpESifhywfouf pdk;pOf;rQ rpdk;&drfygvifh/ uREkfyfonf touf
t&G,f tm;jzifh tvGefEke,fvSaomfvnf; todynmESifhywfoufaomtcg rEke,fyg/ &mxl;XmeE&tm;jzifh
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
57
jrifhrm;olwOD;jzpfygonf/ uREkfyf\ cefYnm;x,f0gvSonfh0wfpHkESifh txdrf;trSwfvufpGyfwkdYudkMunfhyg/

uREkfyfonf NrdKUrS a&[l'Dbkef;BuD;rsm;xJwGif tcsKyftjcmjzpfygonf/ uREkfyfonf uREkfyfrodrjrifcJhzl;
onfh a,[dk;0g\ rlrrSefaomw&m;wkdYudk rkef;wD;&GH&SmvSojzifh opmw&m;udk r&&atmif? rawGYawGYatmif
&SmazG avhvmrnf [laom qHk;jzwfcsufjzifh uREkfyf\ausmif;udk pGefYcGmcJhol jzpf\/ tu,fom uREkfyfonf
oifESifh ,ckuJhodkYrawGYcJhygu opmw&m;udk&SmazG&ef awmBuD;rsufrnf;xJodkY a&mufaernfjzpf\/
xkdYaMumifh uREkfyf onf oifESifh awGYonfjzpfap? rawGYonfjzpfap? oifu ac:onfjzpfap? rac:onf
jzpfap? NrdKU a'orS trSefrkcs xGufcGmrnf jzpfonf/}}
ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;onf uREkfyf\ &J&ifhwdusaompum;ESifh jyif;xefaomqHk;jzwfcsufwdkYudk Mum;aom
tcg uREkfyftm; wdbufjynfokdY ac:oGm;&efESifh wdbufjynfodkYa&mufaomtcg ol udk;uG,fqnf;uyfonfh
q&mawmfBuD;xH tyfESHay;&ef oabmwlav\/
uHaumif;axmufyHhojzifh c&D;oGm;ukefonfwkdYonf xdkaeYrSmyif wdbufjynfodkY jyefMu&ef pDpOfxm;Muaom
aMumifh uREkfyfonf csufcsif;yif olwdkYESifhtwl wdbufjynfokdY vdkufoGm;cGifh&cJh\/ (4)vMumrQ tvGef
jyif;jyif;xefxefESifh c&D;Murf;ESifcJhMuNyD;aemuf uREkfyfonf wdbufjynfawmifydkif; rGefbkef;awmfBuD;ausmif;?
ausmif;xdkifq&mawmf t&Sift&d,ykwr[max&f xHodkYa&mufcJh\/ uREkfyfonf wdbufbmompum;udk
rwwfuRrf; aomfvnf; c&D;oGm;ukefonfacgif;aqmifBuD;\ tultnDjzifh t&Sift&d,ykwr[max&fjrwf
\ ajcawmf&if;wGif ckdvHIvdkaMumif; avQmufxm;EdkifcJh\/
q&mawmfr[max&fjrwfonf uREkfyftm; tprf;oabmjzifh (6)vwdwd ol\ajcawmf&if;wGif ynm
oifMum; ay;um apmifhMunfhcJh\/ xdktcsdefumvtwGif; uREkfyfonf wdbufbmomudk avhvmcJh\/ (6)v
aphaom tcg r[max&fjrwfonf uREkfyf\ qEjyif;jyrIudk ,HkMunfpdwfcsum uREkfyftm; oHCmtyg; 30
ausmfESifh tvGefBuD;rm;vSonfh y&dwfa&SUarSmuf omraP ZD0ud&dw [laombJGU (a[jAbmomt&
]]a,I c&pfawmf}}) jzifh &SifomraPtjzpfESifh omoemhabmiftwGif;odkY oGwfoGif;csD;jrifhawmf rlav\/}}
]]wdrfjrKyfaeaom c&pfawmf\a[majymcsufrsm;}} [laomusrf;onf pmrsufESmaygif; (600)ausmf&Sd&m xdk
usrf;*ef wckvHk;udk ukefatmif OD;yif;[m tBudrf (20) xufrenf; a[m&r,fjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh usefwJh
tydkif;udk tusOf;csKyfNyD; a[myg&ap/
omraP& ZD0ud&dw (odkYr[kwf) &SifomraP[m 7ESpfESifh6vwkdifwdkif &SifomraPwdkY vdkufemusifhoHk;
&rnfh usifh0wfodumwdkYudk ususee xdef;odrf;cJhavawmh &Sift&d,ykwr[max&fjrwfu touf (20)
t&G,fodkY a&mufwJhtcgrSm &[ef;awmftjzpf Oyor'g jyKay;awmfrlowJh/
&[ef;awmf &Sifud&dw [m pdwftm;vnf; xufoef? Ak'&JUw&m;udkvnf; tvGef,HkMunfudk;pm;awmfrlwJh
twGuf pmayy&d,wfudkvnf; wzufu oiftHusufrSwf? wzufu orxw&m;wdkYudk avhvmtm;xkwfae
awmh rMumrDtwGif;rSm psmeftbdnmOfawGudk&NyD; wefcdk;awGudk jyEdkifvmowJh/ olY&JUq&mawmf t&Sift&d,
ykw uvnf; &[Emwyg; jzpfavawmh c&pfawmf&JU tem*wfta&;udk odjrifawmfrlw,fwJh/
c&pfawmf[m tvGefqdk;0g;wJh aojcif;w&m;eJY awGUBuHK&r,fh ta&;udk jrifawmfrlowJh/ 'gaMumifh
&[ef;awmf ZD0ud&dw u olYt&yf olYXmeodkY jyef&ef tcGifhawmif;awmh tcGifhrjyKbJ jiif;qefaeowJh/
'gayr,fh wBudrfrQ omr[kwfbJ tBudrfBudrf tzefzefavQmufxm; awmif;yefavawmh ]]tdk cspfom; ZD0ud&dw? cspfom;[m atmufygtcsufawGudk vdkufemusifhoHk;r,fqkd&if cspfom;tm;
oGm;cGifhjyK r,f/ q&mawmfvdkvm;wJhtcsufawGuawmh
58
(1) tu,f a&[l'DvlrsdK;rsm; (odkYr[kwf) oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;uoifhtm; wHawG;rsm;axG; HIUcsuJh&Jh

Muonfhwkdifatmif? cJtkwfrsm;ESifh aygufonfhwdkifatmif? qJa&;wdkif;xGmonfhwdkifatmif cspfom;u
cspfom;\ psmef tbdnmOfwefcdk;udk toHk;jyK rwHkYjyefygESifh/
(2) tu,f wpHkwa,mufaomolu oifhtm; r[kwfrrSef rw&m;ojzifh pGyfpJGonfhwkdifatmif cspfom;u
yuwd wnfNidrfaomoabmESifh onf;cH&rnf jzpf\/
(3) tu,f wpHkwa,mufaomolu oif\rsufarSmufrSmyif Ak'udk,fawmfjrwfudkvnf;aumif;? w&m;
awmfjrwfudkvnf;aumif;? oHCmawmft&SifjrwfwdkYudkvnf;aumif;? oGm;ykyfavvGifh rw&m;ojzifh ajymonfh
wkdifatmif enf;y&d,m,fudk oHk;vsuf olwdkY\rdkufrSm;rIudk odjrifvmatmif a[majymnTefjy&rnf jzpf\/
taMumif;aomfum; olwdkYonf bmrQrodrjrif em;rvnfMuom jyKrlMujcif;jzpf&m olwdkYtm; tjypfrS
tcGifh vTwf&rnf jzpf\/
(4) tu,f wpHkwa,mufaomolu txiftjrifvJGrSm;onf&Sdaomf em;vnfvmonfhwdkifatmif Oyrm
Oyar,s rsm;udkaqmifum a[majym&Sif;vif;&rnfjzpf\/
(5) rnfuJhodkYyifjzpfap? oifhtm; uefYvefYqefYusifjyKvkyfaeMuonfh oif\&efolrsm;tm; rkef;wD;jcif;?
a'go jzpfjcif; ponfh t&dyfvuPmwdkYudk rjyygESifh/
(6) oifonf tcgrvyf rarhravsmhaompdwf"gwfESifh psmeftbdnmOfw&m;wdkYudk yGm;rsm;ygav/ arwm
ur|mef; udk yGm;rsm;um urmavmuBuD;w0Srf;vHk;udk oif\arwmukPmw&m;jzifh vTrf;rdk;ygap/
(7) tu,f wpHkwa,mufaomol (odkYr[kwf) vlwpku oifhtm;dkufESufowfjzwfapumrl aoonf
txd todw&m;uif;rJhpGm rdkufrSm;olwdkYtay:wGif arwm? ukPmw&m;rsm; yGm;rsm;um aemufqHk;
aoonfhtcsdeftxd Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf\ *kPfawmfw&m;udk tcgrvyf qifjcifatmufarhygav/ okdYrSom
vQif oifonf aoonf\tjcm;rJh tvGefcsrf;omokcESifh jynfhpHkaom jA[mhbHkodkY a&mufrnfjzpf\/
cspfom;? oifonf tcsuf (7)csufudk vdkufemusifhoHk;ygrnf[k uwday;cJhvQif oifonf a&[l'D
vlrsdK;rsm; tm; rnfonfhenf;ESifhrQ rjyKjyif rajymif;vJEdkifrSef;udk odvsufESifh tcGifhay;&acsrnf/ oifonf
oa&vvlrsdK;rsm;tm; jyKjyifEdkifaomfvnf; olwdkYonf oif\w&m;rsm;udk txiftjrifrSm;um oif
uG,fvGefNyD;aemuf oifa[majymonfhw&m;wdkYxJrS (1) cspfcifMuifemjcif;? (2) ukPmyGm;rsm;jcif;? (3)
av;pm;jcif;? (4) Oayum jyKjcif;? (5) onf;cHjcif;? (6) tjypfrScGifhvTwfjcif; (7) BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfjcif;
ponfh tcsuftvufwdkYudkom qufvufxdef;odrf; oif\emrnfjzifh bmomt,l0g'w&yfudk
xlaxmifMuvdrfhrnf}} [l trdefY&Sdum t&d, ykw rax&fjrwf[m ZD0u&dw tm; jyefcGifhjyKvdkufw,f/
ZD0u&dwuvnf; olY&JUq&mawmf trdefY&SdawmfrlwJh tcsuftvufawGudk aoonftxd vdkufemusifhokH;
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tJ'Daemuf ,k',mNrdKUrSm c&pfawmf yxrOD;qHk; w&m;a[mwJhtcgrSm w&m;emolawGu a,[dk;0g
bk&m;ocif udk,fawmfjrwf&Jh w&m;awGr[kwfbJ Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf a[mwJhw&m;awGom jzpfw,fvdkYqkdNyD;
olYudk 0dkif;NyD; ykwfcwf ajymqdkMuw,f/ a*skqvifeJY bomvD[efNrdKUawGrSma[mjyefawmhvnf; 'Dtwdkif;bJ
jzpf&jyefw,f/ olwdkYu ola[mwJhw&m;awG[m b,favmufyJaumif;aumif; wenf;enf;eJYwdkufzsufum
HIUcsykwfcwfMu owJh/
'DvdktjzpftysufeJY&ifqdkif&wJhtcgrSm c&pfawmf[m olY&JUq&m t&d,ykwrax&fu olYudkrSmvdkufwJh
y&d,m,f oHk;&r,fqdkwJhpum;udk trSwf&NyD; ola[mwJhw&m;[m a,[dk;0ga[mwJh w&m;rsm;jzpfaMumif;?
ol[m a,[dk;0g&Jh om;awmfjzpfaMumif;jzifh vSnfhpm;NyD; ajymvdkufowJh/ trSefuawmh ol[m y&d,m,f
oHk;&r,fqdkwJh pum;udk t"dym,ftaumufrSm;NyD; ,ckvdkvSnfhpm;vdkufjcif;jzpfw,f/ 'DvdktvSnfhpm;
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
rSm;vdkufwJhtwGuf c&pfawmf[m
towfcHoGm;&owJh/
59
vuf0g;uyfwdkifrSmuyfNyD;
a&[l'Dbkef;BuD;rsm;eJY
a&mrvlrsdK;wdkY&Jh
c&pfawmf[mwefcdk;jym#d[mawGudkjyEdkifayr,fh a&[l'DvlrsdK;awGeJY a&mrvlrsdK;awG&Jh ESdyfpufrIawGudk aoonf

txd wnfNidrfpGmeJYyJ cHoGm;&Smw,f/ ol[m olY&JUq&mu rSmvdkufwJhtwdkif; rnfonfh psmeftbdnmOfudkrQ
roHk;wJh wu,fhtmZmenfyk*dKvfyDyD aojcif;w&m;udk &ifqdkifoGm;cJhw,f/ 'gaMumifh a&[l'DvlrsdK;awG[m
c&pfawmfvdk olawmfaumif;wa,muf&Jhtoufudk &uf&ufpufpufowfjzwfrdMuwJhtwGuf ,aeYtxd udk,fh
wdkif;jynf&,fvdkY vufndK;xdk;jyp&m wdkif;jynfr&Sdbmr&SdeJY uavu0 jzpfaeMu&wmaygh/
tJ'D ygarmu rpwm*dk;&pf(cf)awGY&Sdxm;wJhrSwfwrf;t& c&pfawmf[m xm0&bk&m;ocif&Jh om;awmf r[kwf
bl; qdkwJhtaMumif;udk aumif;aumif;BuD;vufcHEdkifNyDr[kwfvm;/ 'gayr,fh olu - ]]uREkfyfum; xm0&
bk&m;ocif a,[dk;0g\om;awmfjzpfonf}} [laom pum;udkajymum a&[l'DvlrsdK;awGeJY oa&v vlrsdK;
awGudk olYw&m;udkvkdufemMuNyD; olYaemufodkYvkdufvmatmif y&d,m,foHk;cJhw,f/ 'gayr,fh olY&JU
q&mawmfu edrdwfzwfvdkufwJhtwkdif;yJ olY&JUaemufvdkufawGu olY&JUa[majymcsufawGudk wrsdK;wzHk olwdkY
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]]uREkfyfonf a,[dk;0gxm0&bk&m;ocif\ "ra[mif;udk y,fzsufNyD; "ropfudkwDxGifonf/ uREkfyfonf
bk&m; wefaqmif;a[mif;udk NzdKzsuf bk&m;wefaqmif;opfudk wnfaqmufonf/ uREkfyfonf ta&awmfudk
jzwfvSD;bmomt,l0g'a&;&mt& uifyGef;wyfonfh xHk;wrf;"avhudk wDxGifonf}} [laom c&pfawmf&Jh
oHk;cGef;aom pum;wdkYudk olY&hJaemufvdkufrsm;u rSm;,Gif;wJh teuft"dym,fjzifh aumuf,lcJhMuw,f/ 'gay
r,fh 'Dpum;awGudk Munfhjcif;tm;jzifh olY&JU bmomt,l0g'[m a,[dk;0g&Jh bmomt,l0g'eJY vHk;0 rwl
aMumif;udk txift&Sm;odjrifEdkifygw,f/ 'gayr,fh c&pf,mefbmom0ifawGu 'gudk em;rvnfMuao;bl;/
oabmraygufMuao;bl;/ c&pfawmf&Jh oGefoifa[majymcsufawG&Jh teuft"dym,fudk em;rvnfMu
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txufu OD;if;a[majymcJhwJh wu,fhwdus[kwfrSefwJh oufaoom"uawGtjyif c&pfawmf[m xm0&
bk&m;ocif&Jh om;awmf r[kwfaMumif;udk aemufxyf oufaoom"u jyygOD;r,f/ xm0&bk&m;ocif&Jh
w&m; awGeJY c&pfawmfa[mwJh w&m;awG&Jh jcm;em;csufawGudk wu,fwrf; pDppfMunfh&if c&pfawmf[m
xm0& bk&m;ocif&Jh &efol? wenf;tm;jzifh qefYusifoljzpfaMumif;udk vG,fvifhwuleJY odjrifEdkifygw,f/
"ra[mif;usrf;pmxJrSm xm0&bk&m;ocifu tjA[rftm; ]]tu,f oif\rsufvHk;udk wpHkwa,mufaomolu xdk;azmuf ,loGm;cJhonf&Sdaomf xdkol\ rsufvHk;
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62
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64
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a[mxm;wJh tcsufawGeJYyJ ckdifvHkvSygNyD/
wGif w&m;yJGobmywdyk*dKvfonf xkdif&mrSx y@dwflumv*sDtm; ...
]]uREfkyf[m y@dwfBuD;tm; tmrcHcsuf oHk;csufeJY oifar;vdkwJhar;cGef;udk q&mawmftm; ar;cGifhjyKw,f/
'gaMumifh 'DtmrcHcsuf oHk;csufteuf wcsufcsuf oifazmufzsuf&if a[m'D q&mawmf&Jhw&m;yJGudk
vma&muf zsufwJhtaeeJY w&m;pJG&vdrfhr,f/ y@dwfBuD;u q&mawmfar;wJhar;cGef;udk [dELusrf;pmrsm;t&
rajzqdkbJ w&m;yJGrSxGufoGm;r,fqkd&if y@dwfBuD;[m ay;xm;wJhtmrcHcsufawGudk csdK;zsufwJhtaeeJY w&m;
pJGqdkzdkYyJ &Sdygawmhw,f}} [k ajymav\/
xdktcg y@dwflumv*sDu ...
]]obmywdvlBuD;rif;? uREfkyfay;xm;wJh tmrcHcsufawGudk uREkfyf ,ckvdk trSwfrxif csdK;zsufrdwJhtwGuf
0rf;enf;ygw,f/ uREkfyf[m q&mawmfar;wJh ar;cGef;rsm;udk ususee ajzqdkygawmhr,f/ q&mawmfuom
qufvufNyD; ar;vdk&m ar;ygawmh}} [k jyefajzav\/
wGif q&mawmfu qufvuf ...
]]y@dwfBuD;? OD;yif;aemufqHk;ar;wJh ar;cGef;udkom jyefNyD; ajzyg}}
y@dwfBuD;/
ygw,f/
rSwfwrf;t&qkd&if &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m Ak'bmom&[ef;awmftjzpfeJY (3)ESpfaexdkifcJhzl;
q&mawmf/
'gjzifh&if &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m bmjyKvdkYAk'omoemhabmifrSxGufNyD; tdEd,jynf ajrmuf
ydkif; wuodkvfjynfudk oGm;&wmvJ/
y@dwfBuD;/ ol[m Ak'omoemhabmiftwGif;rSm BuD;av;wJhtjypfwckckudk usL;vGefrdvdkY omoemh
abmif rS ESiftxkwfcH&wmeJY wlygw,fq&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
6v 7v ausmfausmf ajcvsifc&D;jyif;ESifNyD; bm&nf&G,fcsufeJY tdEd,jynf ajrmufydkif;udk
oGm;&w,fvdkY ,lqovJ y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/
jzpfygw,f/
'Dvdk ajrmufydkif;tdEd,udk 'kuqif;&JcHNyD; oGm;wmuawmh oeEew&m;awmfudk a[mzkdY
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
q&mawmf/
65
'DoeEew&m;udk b,folYqDu olavhvmoifMum;oGm;wmvJ y@dwfBuD;
y@dwfBuD;/ &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m 'D oeEew&m;udk &S&Dukrm&vdvmbw qDrSm avhvmoifMum;

ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
ukrm&vdvmbw[m wuodkvfjynf Ak'wuodkvfausmif;awmfBuD;rS q&mawmfa[mif;
r[kwfzl;vm;/
y@dwfBuD;/
q&mawmftrdefY&SdwJhtwkdif;yJ [kwf[efwlygw,f bk&m;/
q&mawmf/
&S&Dukrm&vdvmbwa&m? &S&D&Sefu&usmv,a&m ESpfOD;pvHk;[m Ak'omoemhabmifu ESif
xkwfcHMu&awmh Ak'bmom&Jh wu,fh&efolBuD;awG jzpfoGm;Muw,f r[kwfvm;/
y@dwfBuD;/
'Dvdkvnf; jzpfEdkifygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
&S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m a0'Eomoemudk xlaxmifzkdY&m b,folYqDu tcsuftvufawGudk
&ovJ y@dwfBuD;
y@dwfBuD;/ &S&D&Sefu&usmv,[m a0'Eomoemudk xlaxmifzkdY&m tcsuftvufawGudk &S&Dukrm&
vdvmbwqDu &wmyJ jzpf&rSmyg q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
tJ'D tcsuftvufawG[m bmawGvJ/
y@dwfBuD;/
wynfhawmf rodygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
y@dwflumv*sD? 'Dukrm&vdvmbwqDu &S&D&Sefu&usmv, &wJhtcsufawG[m wjcm;
r[kwf/ Ak'udk,fawmfwkdif a[mawmfrlcJhwJh rZdredum,fxJrS w&m;awGjzpfw,f/ rZdredum,feJY wax&m
wnf;yJ jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dawmh Ak'[m [dEL0g'xJu taumif;qHk; tqDtESpfawGudk Ak'u wwfuRrf;wm
r[kwfbl;qkdwm xif&Sm;aeNyD/ Ak' a[mawmfrlxm;wJh w&m;awGudk [dELt,l0g'u NrdKxm;wmom
jzpfw,f/ 'D Ak' a[mawmfrlxm;wJh w&m;awGudkom ukrm&vdvmbwu &Sefu&usmv,udk ,lay;wmyJ
jzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh [dELbmom0ifawGu &Sefu&usmv,udk a0a&m"eAk' (kyfzsufxm;wJhAk') vdkY
ac:Muwmaygh/
Ak'bmom0ifawGu oydwfarSmufypfvdkufvdkY tdEd,jynfawmifydkif; x&pfAef'&rfNrdKUu xGufcGmoGm;NyD;wJh
aemuf &Sefu&usmv,[m Ak'&Jh t,l0g'udk zsufqD;zdkY? rsdK;rjyKwf jyKwfatmifjzKwfypfzdkY opm
"d|mefjyKvdkufyg w,f/ tJ'Daemuf tepubk&if&Jh rdzk&m;udkolYbufygvmatmif qJGaqmifum tepu
bk&ifudk tqdyfauR;NyD; towfcdkif;w,f/ tepubk&ifudk 'DvdkvkyfBuHNyD;wJhaemuf rdzk&m;BuD;eJY jA[P
vlrsdK;rSL;rwfawG&Jh tultnDeJY rdzk&m;BuD;&Jh *kkvnf; jzpfvmw,f/ [dELt,l0g'eJYqkdif&mrSmvnf;
tBuD;tuJ jzpfvmw,f/ orkdif;t& ajym&&if &Sefu&usmv,[m rdzk&m;BuD;qDu Ak'bmom
&[ef;awmfawGeJY Ak'bmom Oyoum? OyouDawG udkyg owfjzwfuGyfrsufypf&r,fqdkwJh trdefYawmfudk
&atmif,lNyD; tJ'Dvdk trdefYxkwfNyD;wJhaemuf tESpf 20 ausmfausmf ESpfq,fhig;ESpfavmufMumwJhtcg
Ak'bmom &[ef;awmf2oef;eJY Ak'bmom0ifawGudk &uf&uf pufpuf owfjzwfypfvdkufwJhtwGuf
aemufqHk; Ak'&Jh t,l0g'[m tdEd,jynfrSm aysmufuG,foGm;&owJh/
Ak'[m [dEL0g'&Jh tqDtESpfawGudk aumif;pGmwwfuRrf;w,fqkdwJhpum;[m r[kwfrSefwJhtjyif Ak'&Jh
t,l0g' xJrS w&m;a'oemwdkYudkom tvGefyg;eyfusifvnfvSwJh &Sefu&usmv,u [dELbmomxJudk
qJGoGif;cJhwm awGudk ,ckvdk om"utudk;tum;awGeJY txift&Sm;jyNyD;wJhaemuf Ak'&Jh t,l0g'eJY
[dELt,l0g'wkdY[m ajzmifhajzmifhBuD; qefYusifwJhtaMumif; atmufygtcsuf (25)csufudk rlwnfNyD;
&Sif;vif;azmfjyygOD;r,f/
66
Ak'0g'
[dELt,l0g'
1/ t0dZm[lorQudk vHk;0 y,fzsufawmfrlNyD;jzpfwJh 1/ y&rwr0dnmOfawmf?

Ak'udk,fawmf?
2/ tew?
2/ tw? odkYr[kwf 0dnmOf?
3/ opmav;yg; w&m;awmf?
3/ opmw&m; r&Sd?
4/ r*if &Spfyg;?
4/ r*ifw&m; r&Sd?
5/ tbd"rm w&m;awmf?
5/ tbd"rmw&m; r&Sd?
6/ y#doaE wzefjyefae&jcif;?
6/ 0dnmOful;ajymif;jcif;?
7/ bk&m;udk,fpm;vS,fawmf r&Sd?
7/ bk&m;udk,fpm;vS,fawmf &Sd?
8/ pwkorkXme kyfoabmt& jzpfjcif;?
8/ zefqif;&Sif (&d,edrme) udk,fawmfu

zefqif;jcif;?
9/ edAmefw&m;?
9/ rkwdw&m;?
10/ udk,fhudk,fudk nOf;yef;rI r&Sdjcif;?
10/ udk,fhudk,fudk nOf;yef;rI &Sdjcif;?
11/ kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm; ajymif;vJ 11/ kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJrI

rIrsm;
ESifh &Sif;vif;rI r&Sdjcif;?
12/ t&rf;tuef;,HkMunfrI?
uif;pifjcif;
t,lonf;rIwdkYrS 12/ t&rf;tuef;,HkMunfrI?

jyGrf;wD;aejcif;?
13/ *gxmrE,m;rsm; r&Sdjcif;?
t,lonf;rIwdkYjzifh
13/ *gxmrE,m;rsm; &Sdaejcif;?
14/ todPfynm (0dZm)w&m;ay:wGif tajcwnf 14/ t&rf; tuef; ,HkMunf udk;uG,frI?

tyfonfh ,HkMunfrI?
15/ y#dporkym' w&m;awmf&Sdjcif;?
15/ y#dporkym' w&m;awmfr&Sdjcif;?
16/ vufawGY0dyem w&m;&Sdjcif;?
16/ qkawmif;? qk,lrI &Sdjcif;?
17/ orxESifh 0dyemw&m; yGm;rsm;tm;xkwfjcif;? 17/ a,m*Dw&m; tm;xkwfjcif;?

18/ a0zefjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;trIwkdYudk jyKcGifhay; 18/ a0zefjcif;? ar;jref;jcif;wkdYudk jyKvkyfcGifhrjyK?
xm;jcif;?
19/ twif;tMuyfudkifrI? trdefYay;rI rygjcif;?
19/ twif;tMuyfudkifrIESifh trdefYay;rI ygjcif;?
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
67
Ak'0g'
[dELt,l0g'
20/ taMumufw&m;? tajrmfw&m;wdkYrS uif;pif 20/ taMumufw&m;? tajrmfw&m;wdkY&Sdjcif;?

jcif;?
21/ (1500) udavomw&m;rS uif;pifjcif;?
21/ rkef;wD;jcif;? wyfrufjcif;? rSm;,Gif;jcif;?

0dZmw&m;? udk,fhudk,fudk txifBuD;jcif;? rSm;,Gif;
pGm ,lqjcif; ponfh w&m;rsm;&Sdjcif;?
22/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmESifh orm;dk;ust,ltqwkdYudk 22/ xHk;wrf;pOfvmESifh orm;dk;ust,ltqwkdYudk

tav;*k trIrxm;jcif;?
vkdufemjcif;?
23/ ZmwftrsdK; ponfwkdY a&G;cs,frIr&Sdjcif;?
23/ trsdK;Zmwf ponfwdkY&Sdjcif;?
24/ ,mZfylaZmf yojcif;udk wif;wif;MuyfMuyf 24/ vlom;ESifh wd&pmefwdkYudk ,mZfylaZmf yo

wm;jrpfjcif;?
&jcif;?
25/ vlewfjA[m ow0gtm;vHk; avhvmusifhoHk; 25/ [dELusrf;*efrsm;udk jA[PtEG,f0ifwkdYomvQif
&rnfh w&m;rsm;?
avhvmcGifh&Sdjcif;?
uJ txufyg rl(25)csuft& Ak't,l0g'eJY [dELt,l0g'wkdY[m wckeJYwck vHk;0qefYusifvsuf&Sdw,fqdkwm

xif&Sm;oGm;ygNyD/ 'Dtcsuf xif&Sm;oGm;wmeJYwNydKifeuf Ak'bmom&Jh &efolawGu Ak'[m [dELt,l0g'&Jh
tqD tESpfawGudk aumif;aumif; uRrf;usifwwfajrmufNyD; tJ'D tqDtESpfawGudkom azmfxkwf a[majym
vsuf &Sdw,f qdkwJhtcsuf[m vHk;0tajctjrpf r&Sdbl;qdkwmudk txl;ajymzdkY vdkawmhr,frxifawmhbl;
y@dwfBuD;/
y@dwfBuD;/ Ak't,l0g'eJY [dELt,l0g'wkdY rnfa&GUrnfrQtxd uJGjym;jcm;em;vsuf&Sdw,fqkdwmudk
,ckvdk Mum;em&wm[m yxrqHk;tBudrfyJ jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh q&mawmfa[mwJhtcsufawG[m
tvGefcdkifrmvSwJh twGuf wynfhawmf em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; ,ckvdk xifxif&Sm;&Sm; &Sif;vif; a[majym
awmfrlwJhtwGuf tvGef aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f q&mawmf/
68
ar;cGef;trSwf (14)
Ak'onf oAnKwa&TPfawmf&SifjzpfygvsufESifh 0denf;odumyk'fwkdYudk wBudrfwnf;ESifh tm;vHk;tNyD;
tb,fhaMumifh rynwf rjy|mef;awmf rlygoenf;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - rpwm bmbmq[pf? zefqDodk;arG;pufydkif&Sif? rmvbmukef;jrifh?
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ tvHk;pHkaomw&m;wdkY&Jh twdwfujzpfpOf? ypKyeftajctae? tem*wf

wGifjzpfrnfh tvm;tvm pwJh tcsuftvufwdkYudk t<uif;rJh odjrifawmfrlwJh twkr&Sda&TPfawmfBuD;vSwJh
Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf[m udk;uka#rQaom0denf;odumyk'fwdkYudk wcsdefwnf;? wcgwnf;eJY jy|mef;vdkufr,fqdk&if
b,fvdktusdK;w&m;rsdK; ay:xGufvmr,fqdkwmudk aumif;pGmodjrifxm;awmfrlwJh twGuf 'D 0denf;
odumyk'fBuD;i,fwdkYudk taMumif;rJh rjy|mef; rowfrSwfbJ xm;cJhjcif;jzpfw,f/ tcgtm;avsmfpGm ta&;udp
ay:aygufvmrSom oufqkdif&m jypfrIudkusL;vGefwJh &[ef;wyg;yg;udka0zefqHk;rNyD; aemufaemif oHCm
wzJGYvHk; tvm;wljypfrIudkrusL;vGefrdatmifom 0denf;odumyk'fudkowfrSwfjy|mef;awmfrlcJhw,f 'umBuD;/
zefqD/
0denf;odumyk'ftm;vHk;udk wcgwnf;ESifh tNyD;owf jy|mef;vdkufwJhtwGuf rvdkvm;tyfwJh?
tusdK;rJhwJh tjzpfrsdK;udk jzpfapvdrfhr,f qdkwJhpum;udk wynfhawmf r&Sif;vif;bJ jzpfaeygw,f q&mawmf/
wynfhawmf em;vnfoabmaygufatmif &Sif;awmfrlygOD;/
q&mawmf/ 'DudpeJY ywfoufvdkY 'umBuD;udk OD;yif;jyefNyD;ar;&OD;r,f/ OD;yif;ar;wJhar;cGef;awGudk
ajzMum;&if;eJYyJ 'umBuD; r&Sif;wJhtcsufawG[m &Sif;vif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f/
(odkYajymNyD;aemuf q&mawmfu)
'umBuD;wdkYrSm bHkbdkifNrdKU pufHkydkif&Sifrsm;tzJGY qkdwJh tzJGY&Sdw,f r[kwfvm;/
zefqD/
rSefyg q&mawmf/ wynfhawmfwkdYrSm pufHkydkif&Sifrsm;tzJGY &Sdygw,f/ wynfhawmf[m 'DtzJGYrSm
tzJGY0if wa,mufjzpfygw,f/
q&mawmf/ ta&;udpay:aygufvmwJhtcg rMumcPqkdovdk 'umBuD;wdkYtzJGYu pnf;rsOf;Oya'opfawG
udk owfrSwfjy|mef;w,f r[kwfvm;/
zefqD/
rSefyg? ta&;udpay:wkdif; pnf;rsOf;Oya'opfawGudk owfrSwfjy|mef;&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;wdkYtzJGYrSm Oya'pnf;urf; (70)ausmf (80)avmuf &Sdw,fr[kwfvm;/

zefqD/
pnf;urf;Oya' (80)avmuf&Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'D (70)ausmf (80) avmuf&SdwJh pnf;urf;Oya'udk 'umBuD;wdkY toif; xlaxmifpuwnf;

u tukefvHk; bmta&; bmudprQ ray:bJeJY owfrSwfypfvkdufw,fqkd&if 'umBuD;wdkYtoif;rSm
toif;om; OD;a&[m enf;r,fxifovm;? rsm;r,fxifovm;/
zefqD/
pnf;urf;Oya' (80)avmufudk wBudrfwnf; wcgwnf;eJY toif;zJGYzJGYcsif; owfrSwf jy|mef;
vdkufr,f qkd&if wynfhawmfwdkYtoif;xJ b,folrS 0ifr,f r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
69
q&mawmf/ tJ 'umBuD;wdkY&Jh (80)avmuf&SdwJh pnf;urf;Oya'awGudk wcgwnf;eJY tukefvHk;jy|mef;vdkuf

&if toif;om;wa,mufrS &SdrSmr[kwfbl;qdkawmh (9)uka#avmuf&SdwJh 0denf;odumyk'fawGudk
wBudrfwnf;? wcgwnf;eJY tNyD;jy|mef;vdkufr,fqdk&if Ak'&JhomoemhabmiftwGif;udk 0ifr,fhvl &SdygOD;
rvm;/ 'Dvdkjzpfay: vmr,fh tusdK;w&m;udk BudKwifodjrifxm;wJhtwGuf Ak'u 'Davmufrsm;jym;vSwJh
0denf;odumyk'fawGudk wcgwnf;eJY tNyD; rjy|mef;wm jzpfw,f 'umBuD;/ 'DavmufeJYyJ 'umBuD; &Sif;vif;
oabmayguf em;vnfoGm; NyDvdkY OD;yif;uawmh ,lqrdw,f/
zefqD/
rSefyg? t&Sifbk&m;ay;wJh OyrmeJYyJ 'Djyemudk wynfhawmf &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnf
oabmayguf oGm;ygNyD bk&m;/
70
ar;cGef;trSwf (15)
Ak'onf udoa*gwrDtm; ol\ uG,fvGeftedpa&mufoGm;aom om;i,fESifhywfouf w&m;a[mawmf rl
&mwGif rkom;pum;qdk&m ra&mufaybl;vm;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - rpwm t,f(rf) at? rlvm? 0wfvHkawmf&? bHkbdkifNrdKU? ajzqdkol q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'tavmif;tvsm[m uyfuymaygif;ra&rwGufEdkifatmif (10)yg;aom

yg&rDwdkYudk jznfhqnf;aeawmfrlpOfumvuyif r[kwfrrSefwJhpum; wcGef;rQ rajymqdkcJhzl;bl;/ [kwfrSefwJh
pum;qdkvQif toufudkowfr,fvdkY Ncdrf;acsmufxm;awmifrS r[kwfrrSefwJhpum;udk rqdkcJhbl;/ tJ'Davmuf
odumyk'fudk apmifhxdef;cJhwJh Ak'[m oAnKwa&TPfawmf&NyD; t0dZm[lorQudk z,f&Sm;um Ak'tjzpf
a&mufcgrS rkom;pum;udk qkdzdkY rajymxm;eJY? [kwfrSefwJhpum;udkawmif tv[ taMumif;rJhoufouf
ajymqdkawmfrrlawmhbl;/ tck 'umBuD; odvkdwJhtcsufudk &Sif;vif;oGm;atmif OD;yif;u 'umBuD;udk
ar;cGef;tcsdKU ar;&vdrfhr,f/ OD;yif;ar;wJh ar;cGef;awGudk ajz&if;eJYyJ 'umBuD;odvdkwJhtcsufudk &Sif;vif;
oabmayguf oGm;vdrfh r,f/
(uJhodkYajymNyD;aemuf q&mawmfu)
'umBuD;rSm om;orD; b,fESpfa,muf&SdovJ/
rlvm/
wynfhawmfrSm uav;(5)a,muf &Sdygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;&Jhuav;awG armfawmfum;awG? ,mOfawG tvGefIyfwJhvrf;ay:rsm; wcgwcg xGuf

xGuf roGm;Mubl;vm;/
rlvm/
wcgwavrS xGufxGufoGm;Muwmr[kwfygbl; bk&m;? aeYwkdif;vkdvdkyJ xGufxGufoGm;Mu
ygw,f bk&m;/ tJ'DvdkxGufxGufoGm;wJhtcg wynfhawmfu olwdkYudk y&d,m,foHk;NyD; acsmufvSefYxm;&
ygw,f bk&m;/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD; uav;awGudk vrf;ay:wufwufNyD; rupm;atmif b,fvdk y&d,m,fawGrsm; oHk;NyD;
acsmufvSefYovJ 'umBuD;/
rlvm/
wynfhawmfu olwdkYudk vrf;ay:rSm wcgwav bDvl;BuD;waumif vmwwfw,f/ tJ'D
bDvl;BuD;[m vG,ftdwfBuD;wvHk;udkvnf; vG,fvG,fvmwwfw,f/ wcgwav uav;awGudkawGY&if
olYvG,ftdwfxJ zrf;xnfhoGm;NyD; olYae&ma&mufwJhtcg vnf*kwfawGudk csdK;csdK;pm;wwfw,f/ wcgwav
usawmhvnf; wynfhawmfu xef;yifavmuft&yfjrifhwJh bDvl;waumif[m avQmufavQmufvmNyD;
uav;awGudkawGY&if zrf;um twif;rsdKwwfw,fvdkY ajymjyygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'gjzifh 'umBuD; uav;awGudk vdrfvdrfajymwmayghav/
rlvm/
'gu y&d,m,fygbk&m;/ rkom;ajymwJhoabmeJY vdrfwm r[kwfygbl; q&mawmf/ 'Dy&d,m,f
rsdK; udkawmh rdbrsm;u om;orD;awGtay:rSm? q&mrsm;u wynfhawGtay:rSm? tpdk;&uawmif wcgwav
jynfolvlxk tay:rSm aumif;apvdkwJh qEeJY toHk;cs&ygw,f q&mawmf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
71
q&mawmf/ tJ tck 'umBuD;ajymwJhtwdkif;yJ? r[mukPmawmf&Sif vl? ewf? jA[m ow0gwdkY&Jh rSDcdk

qnf;uyf&m jzpfawmfrlwJh Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf[m r*fzdkvf &oifh&xdkufolawGeJY awGYwJhtcgrSm wa,mufpD
wa,mufpD&Jh 0goem txHkudkvdkufNyD; xdkufoifhwJh y&d,m,fudk oHk;awmfrlw,f/ udoa*gwrD&Jh udprSm
vnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ? udoa*gwrDudkb,fvdktuRwfw&m;&atmifvkyf&yghrvJvdkY pOf;pm;awmfrlNyD; oleJYudkufnD
wJh y&d,m,fudk oHk;jcif;tm;jzifh Zmwd? Z&m? Asm"d? r&P qkdwJhw&m;udk wcgwnf;eJY txift&Sm; em;vnf
oGm;atmif vkyfawmfrlvdkufwmyJjzpfw,f/ 'umBuD;&JhpdwfxJrSm xifaeovdk vdrfvdkufwm r[kwfbl;/
'D&nf&G,fcsufeJY Ak'udk,fawmfjrwfu ]]cspforD; udoa*gwrD? oif\om; aoqHk;onfhtwGuf rylyif
raMumifhMuvifh? oif\om; toufjyef&Sif&eftwGuf ESrf;aphvufwqkyfpmcefY&vQif awmfayNyD}} vdkY
rdefYawmfrljcif; jzpfw,f/ tJ'Dtcgusawmh udoa*gwrDu ]]tb,fuJhodkYaom ESrf;aphvufwqkyfpmrQudk
vdkawmfrlygoenf; t&Sifbk&m;}} vdkY jyefNyD;avQmufxm;ar;jref;jyefw,f/ 'Dtcgusawmh Ak'udk,fawmfjrwf
u ]]tdk cspforD;? ,lcJh&rnfh ESrf;aphvufwqkyfpmcefYum; tjcm;t&yfrS r[kwfyg/ trdaomfvnf;aumif;?
tzaomfvnf;aumif;? tbdk;aomfvnf;aumif;? tbGm;aomfvnf;aumif;? om;aomfvnf;aumif;?
orD;aomfvnf;aumif;? ajr;aomfvnf;aumif;? jrpfaomfvnf;aumif;? wlaomfvnf;aumif;? wlraomf
vnf;aumif;? tapcHrdef;raomfvnf;aumif;? tapcHa,musfm;aomfvnf;aumif;? wOD;wa,mufrQ rao
aMu rysufpD;zl;onfh tdrfrSjzpf&rnf/ uJhodkYaom tdrfwtdrfrS ESrf;aphvufwqkyfpmrQ&onfESifh
wNydKifeuf tjrefjyefvmcJhavmh/ oif\om; toufjyef &SifaptHh}} vdkY rdefYawmfrlvdkufw,f/
tJ'Dvdk rdefYawmfrlpOfu Ak'u udoma*gwrD[m b0tqufqufu jznfhqnf;cJhwJhyg&rDt[kefeJY csufcsif;
aomwywdr*fudk qkdufNyD; tJ'Db0rSmyJ t&[wr*f? t&[wzdkvf a&mufr,fholjzpfaMumif; aumif;pGm
odawmfrlw,f/ 'gayr,fh oludk,fwdkif vlraozl;wJhtdrfudk avQmuf&SmNyD; rawGYrS ]]ow0g[lorQ[m
arG;vQif ao&r,f}} qkdwJh oabmudk txift&Sm; em;vnf,HkMunfvdrfhr,fqdkwmukd odxm;awmfrlw,f/
wu,fvdkY Ak'[m tJ'Dtcgu 'Dy&d,m,fudkroHk;bJ ]]tdk cspforD; udoa*gwrD? aojcif;w&m;udk b,folrQ
rvGefqefEdkif wum;? oif\om;onf tb,fenf;ESifhrQ toufjyef &Sifvdrfhrnfr[kwfacs}} [k wJhwdk;
rdefYawmfrlvdkufvQif udoa*gwrD[m om;&JhaZmeJY &ifuJGemusNyD; i&JbHkuszdkYom &Sdawmhw,f/ 'gaMumifh
Ak'u vlraozl;wJhtdrfu ESrf;aphvufwqkyfpmcefYudk t&Smcdkif;jcif;jzpfw,f/ 'DESrf;aph r&EdkifwJhtcgusawmh
udoa*gwrD[m olY&Jh rSm;,Gif;wJhtcsufudk oljrifNyD;awmh olYuav;udk vkwfwdkif;ukef;rSmpGefYum olYqDudk
w&m;a&at; wdkufauR;awmfrlygvdkY vmNyD; awmif;yefavQmufxm;vdrfhr,f/ 'DtcgrSm w&m;wyk'f
a[mvdkufHkeJY edAmefa&mufzdkY vrf;aMumif;ay:wufrdNyD; &[Emr jzpfvdrfhr,fvdkY jrifawmfrl xm;w,f/
aemufqHk; Ak'&Jh y&d,m,faMumifhyJ Ak'jrifawmfrlxm;wJhtwdkif;yJ udoa*gwrD[m edAmefudk &oGm;w,f
r[kwfvm;/ tJ'Dawmh 'umBuD;u Ak'udk,fawmfjrwfu udoa*gwrDudk vdrfvnfvSnfhjzm;NyD; rkom;
ajymw,fvdkY pGyfpJGcsif ao;ovm;/
rlvm/
wynfhawmf rlvuwnf;u Ak'a*gwru udoa*gwrDudk vdrfvnfNyD; rkom;pum;
ajymw,fvdkY pGyfpJGvdkwJh qE r&Sdygbl; q&mawmf/ wynfhawmfrSm Ak'u bmjyKvdkY 'Dae&mrSm udoa*gwrDudk
]]aojcif;w&m;rS b,folrQ vGwfatmif rajy;Edkifbl;}} vdkY wkdufdkufra[mawmfrlbJeJY ]]vlraowJhtdrfu
ESrf;aphvufwqkyfpmcefYom &SmcJh/ oif\om; toufjyef&Sifaphr,f}} vkdY vSnfhpm; &wmvJvdkY oHo,0ifvdkY
q&mawmfudk avQmufrdjcif; jzpfygw,f/ ,ckawmh wynfhawmfrSm &SdaewJh oHo, &Sif;oGm;wJhtjyif Ak'&Jh
PfynmBuD;rm;vSyHkudk em;vnf oabmaygufNyD; ,cifuxufyif ydk MunfndK rdygw,f bk&m;/
72
ar;cGef;trSwf (16)
Ak'onf tcsdKUtar;ykpmwkdYudk tb,fhaMumifh rajzqdkbdoenf;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - a0'usrf;? euwfusrf;? yl&Pfusrf; ponfh [dELusrf;*efwdkYudk
uRrf;usifonfh jA[PEG,f0if y@dwf lumv*sD? bHkbkdifNrdKU? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf
t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'[m olYacwf olYvufxuftwGif; bmomt,l0g'toD;oD;rSm ay:ayguf

aewJh tvGefxif&Sm;wJh tar;ykpm (14)yk'fudk oAnKwa&TPfawmf&Sif Ak'u ajzqdkawmf rrlcJhwmawmh 'D
tar;ykpmawGudk ajzqdkvdkYtusdK;r&Sdbl;/ 'Dtar;ykpmawG&Jh tajzudkodvdkYvnf; jrifhjrwfwJh? t0dZmuif;wJh
b0udk a&mufroGm;bl;/ NyD;awmh 'Dtar;ykpmawG[m todPfynmt& tvGefjrifhrm;vSwJhtwGuf
t&[wr*f? t&[wzdkvf ra&mufrcsif; b,folrSvnf; em;rvnfEdkifbl;/ aemufqHk;tcsufuawmh Ak'
&Sifawmfjrwf[m ow0gwOD;wa,muftwGuf tu,faumif;usdK;okceJYjynfhpHkwJhpum;rSom a[mawmfrlavh
&SdwJhtcsufyJ/
oAnKwa&TPfawmf&Sif Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfu rajzqdkbJ xm;cJhwJh tar;ykpm (14)ckuawmh ...
1/ (u) uymBuD;onf tpOfwnfNrJoavm/ (c) rwnfNrJbJ ysufpD;oGm;oavm/ (*) wnfvnf;wnfNrJ?
ysufpD;vnf; ysufpD;oavm/ (C) rwnfvnf;rwnfNrJ? rysufpD;vnf; rysufpD;bl;avm/
2/ (u) uymBuD;onf umvtydkif;tjcm;tm;jzifh oufwrf;&Sdoavm/ (c) uymBuD;onf umv tydkif;
tjcm;tm;jzifh oufwrf;r&SdNyDavm/ (*) uymBuD;onf umvtydkif;tjcm;tm;jzifh oufwrf;vnf;&Sd?
r&Sdvnf; r&SdNyDavm/ (C) uymBuD;onf umvtydkif;tjcm;tm;jzifh oufwrf;&Sdonfvnf;r[kwf? r&Sdonf
vnf; r[kwfNyDavm/
3/ (u) Ak'onf y&dedAmefjyKNyD;onfh tjcm;umv &Sdao;oavm/ (c) r&SdawmhNyDavm/ (*) &Sdvnf;&Sd?
r&Sdvnf;r&SdNyDavm/ (C) &Sdonfvnf;r[kwf? r&Sdonfvnf;r[kwfNyDavm/
4/ (u) toufESifh cEmudk,f [laom w&m;ESpfyg;onf twlwlyifavm/ (c) 4if;w&m;ESpfyg;onf wuJG
wjym;pDavm/
'Dtxufygar;cGef;awGeJYywfoufvdkYajymqdkajz&Sif;&mrSm Ak'udk,fawmfwdkif rZdredum,fxJrSm a[mawmfrl
cJhwJh tcsdKUtcsuftvufawGudk tenf;i,fudk;um;NyD; ajymvdkygw,f/ tJ'Dudk;um;vdkwJh Ak'&Jh pum;awG
uawmh ]]tu,f Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfudk,fwdkifu yxrqHk; uymBuD;onf xm0&wnf&Sdrnfavm? acw
,m,DrQomwnf&Sdrnfavm? uymBuD;onf tptqHk;&Sdonfhw&m;avm? r&Sdonfhw&m;avm? toufESifh
cEmudk,fwdkYonf wckwnf;aom w&m;avm? odkYwnf;r[kwf wckESifhwckuJGjym;jcm;em;oavm? Ak'
&Sifawmfjrwfonf y&dedAmef jyKNyD;aemuf &Sdaeao;oavm ponfh ar;cGef;wdkYudk ra[mMum;rD Ak'
&Sifawmfjrwf\ omoemhabmiftwGif; r0ifvkdolum; tar;ykpmwkdYESifh ywfouf Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfu
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onfh olwa,mufudk orm;wa,mufu ukrnfjyK&mwGif aq;0g;tukto rcHrD ]uREkfyftm; jrm;ESifh
ypfvkdufaomolonf rSL;rsdK;rwfEG,f xJrSavm? rif;rsdK;rif;EG,fxJrSavm? aus;uRefvlwef;pm;xJrSavm?
xdkol rnfolrnf0genf;? rnfolYrsdK;dk;xJrSenf;? t&yfjrifhoavm? t&yfedrfhoavm? tvHk;t&yf redrfhrjrifh
xJrSavm} ponfhar;cGef;wdkYudkar;NyD; tcsuftvufwkdYudk rod&orQ uREkfyf\cEmwGif;rS jrm;udk tEkwfrcH
[kqkd&if; tqdyfwufum aooGm;&ol uJh okdYyif jzpfacsonf/}}
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
73
txufu Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf rdefYawmfrlcJhwJhpum;Munfh&if tjcm;bmrQravhvm rusifhoHk;bJ 'Djyem

(14)ck&Jh tajzudkom &SmaeMuwJh bmomtoD;oD;rS vlawG[m rnfrQrdkufrJw,fqkdwmudk txift&Sm;
odjrifEdkifw,f/ 'DvlawG[m tqdyfvl;wJhjrm;udk tcRwfrcHbJ 'Djrm;udk ypfwJhvl&JhtaMumif; ar;jref;ae&if;eJY
aooGm;&r,fh vlrsdK;xJuyJ/ 'Dtar;ykpmawG[m edAmefa&muf&ma&mufaMumif;w&m;om r[kwfw,f? tvGef
cufcJeufeJvSwJhjyemawGjzpfw,f/ omref&Sif;vif;a[majymjyHkeJY vlomrefrsm; em;vnf oabmaygufzdkY
tvGefcufcJvSw,f/ 'DudpawGudk t0dZmw&m;[lorQudk ckwfxGify,f&Sm;xm;NyD; jzpfwJh Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf
omvQif t<uif;rJhvHk;0OHkodjrifem;vnfawmfrlw,f/ edAmefa&muf&ma&mufaMumif;w&m;udk tm;rxkwfbJ
'DjyemawG twGuf tajz&&m&aMumif; BudK;pm;wm[m tvGeftbdk;xdkuf tbdk;wefvSwJh tcsdefawGudk
tv[ jzKef;wD;ypfvkdufwmyJ jzpfr,f/ 'D tar;ykpmawGudk Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfu wpHkwa,mufaomoltm;
a[majymawmfrlonfhwdkifatmif xdkolonfr*fPfzdkvfPfudk&xm;olr[kwfu em;vnfEdkifoabmayguf
EkdifrSm r[kwfbl;/ 'gaMumifhvJ Ak'udk,fawmfjrwfu 'Dtar;ykpmawGudk rajzMum;bJ aeawmfrlwmaygh/
'Dae&mrSm y@dwfBuD;vdk usrf;*efpmayawGudk wwfajrmufuRrf;usifxm;wJh yk*dKvfwOD;u 'DedAmefa&muf&m
a&mufaMumif;twGuf bmrQtaxmuftulrjzpfwJh 'Dar;cGef;awGudk oAnKwa&TPfawmf&Sif vl? ewf?
jA[m qdkwJh ow0goHk;yg;wdkY&Jhq&mjzpfwJh Ak'u ajzqkdawmfrrlwmudk Ak'[m 'Dar;cGef;awGudk ajzqdkEdkifpGrf;
r&Sd vdkY ,lqjcif;[m tvGef0rf;enf;zG,faumif;aeNyD/ aemufwcku 'Dar;cGef;awGtwGuf tajzr&&atmif
vdkufvH&SmazGavhvmHkeJY pdwf&Jhcsrf;omrI? udk,f&Jhcsrf;omrIwdkYudk &Edkifr,f? r&Edkifbl; qkdwmudkyJ y@dwfBuD;
udk,fwkdif odjrifem;vnfxm;vdrfhr,fvdkY OD;yif;u ,lqxm;w,f/
y@dwfBuD;/ wynfhawmf[m Ak'u 'Dtar;ykpm(14)yk'fudk tb,fhaMumifh rajzqdkawmfrlrSef; odyg
vsufeJY wrifoufouf Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfudk HIUcsvdkwJhoabmeJY ,ckvdkar;jcif;r[kwfyg/ 'gayr,fh
tvHk;pHkaom w&m; wkdYudk xdk;xGif;odjrifem;vnfawmfrlwJh Ak'[m 'Dykpm(14)ydk'fudk tb,fhaMumifh
a[mawmfrrlbJ csefxm;cJh& ovJ qdkwJhtcsufudk pdwfxJrSm r&Sif;vif;wmeJY ar;jref;avQmufxm;jcif;
jzpfygw,f q&mawmf/ wynfhawmf[m Ak'&Jh tvGefBuD;rm;wJh Pfawmfudk MunfndKvSygw,f q&mawmf/
wGif y&dwftm;vHk;u om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavukefonf/
74
ar;cGef;trSwf (17)
emrfw&m;wdkY\oufwrf;onf rnfrQ Mum&Snfygoenf;/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - a'gufwm ,efuwfa&mif;? yg0,f(vf)ukrPD? vrifwefvrf;? bHkbdkifNrdKU?
ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf a[mawmfrlcJhwJh tbd"rmw&m;awmft& ajym&r,fqdk&if

pdwf[m b,favmufvsifjrefpGmvIyf&Sm;EdkifovJqdk&if tvGefwdkawmif;vSwJh vQyfwjyuftcsdefuav;twGif;
rSmyif tBudrfaygif;uka#wodef;jzpfay:csKyfNidrf;Edkifw,f/ pdwf"mwf wcgwcg vIyf&Sm;pOfumvtwGif;rSmyif
Oyg'f (pwifjzpfay:jcif;)? XD (wdk;wufBuD;xGm;jcif;)? bif (csKyfNidrf;jcif;) &,fvdkY tqifhoHk;qifh&Sdw,f/
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pdwuP vdkYac:w,f/ 'gaMumifh pdwuPwck&Jhoufwrf;udktcsdefumvtydkif;tjcm;tm;jzifh b,favmuf
&Snf w,f qkdwmudk b,fvdkrS wGufcsufwkdif;wmvdkYawmif rjzpfEdkifbl;/
kyfw&m;&Jh vIyf&Sm;rIuawmh pdwf"mwf&JhvIyf&Sm;rIxuf tcsdefumvtm;jzifh ydkNyD;&Snfvsm;w,f/ b,favmuf
ydkNyD; &Snfvsm;ovJqkd&if pdwf"mwftBudrfaygif; (51)Budrf vIyf&Sm;wJh tcsdefumvtwGif;rSm kyf"mwf
(17)Budrf vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJw,f/ 'Dvdk kyf"mwfu (3)q ydkNyD; tcsdef&Snfvsm;pGm vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJw,fvdkY
qkd&ayr,fh 'D kyf"mwf vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJrIudk rDatmif b,fu&d,meJYrQ wkdif;wmvdkYr&Edkifbl;/
'Dvdk pdwf"mwfeJY kyf"mwfwdkY&Jh vsifjrefpGmvIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJwJhtaMumif;udk Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfu vGefcJhwJh
ESpfaygif; (2560)ausmfavmufu a[mcJhwmudk ,ckacwf odyHynm&yfu b,fkyfw&m;rS wnfNrJw,fvdkY
r&SdaMumif;? kyfw&m;[m tNrJwrf; vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJvsuf&SdaMumif;udk 0efcHaeHkrQrubl; toHkyfawG[m
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Edkifw,fvdkY ajymaeNyD/ 'gaMumifh emrfeJYkyfwkdY&Jh vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJrI[m b,favmufjrefw,fqdkwmudk
ajymaezdkY vdkr,f rxifawmhbl;/
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wwfwJh kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY&Jh jzpfpOfobm0udk Ak'eJY &[Emyk*dKvfwkdYuom wdwdususjrifEdkif? xifEdkif
w,f/ bmjyKvdkY omrefrsufaph? omrefPf? omrefud&d,mwdkYeJY rjrifEdkif? rodEdkif? em;rvnfEdkifovJqkd&if
'Dw&m;awG[m tjywftawmufr&Sd pOfwkduf? qufwkduf jzpfaewmuwaMumif;? tvGefvsifjrefjcif;u
waMumif;? qifjcifoHk;oyfavhvmolawG&Jh Pfynmudkvnf; t0dZmtarSmifwkdufu zHk;tkyfxm;wmu
waMumif;wkdYaMumifh jzpfw,f/ 'D emrfw&m;wdkY&Jh vsifjrefwJht&Sdefudk odjrifem;vnfcsif&if t0dZmw&m;udk
ydkifonfhwdkifatmif r*if&Spfyg;udk usifhzdkY vdkw,f/
a&mif;/
q&mawmfu ,ckvdk Ak'&Jhtbd"rmudk odyHynmESifh axmufcHudk;um;NyD; &Sif;vif;a[majym
awmfrlwJhtwGuf wynfhawmf[m emrfw&m;? kyfw&m;wdkY&Jh vIyf&Sm;rI? ajymif;vJrIwdkY[m b,favmuf
vsifjrefw,f qkdwmudk aumif;pGm em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; aus;Zl;wifvSygw,f bk&m;/
wGif y&dwftm;vHk;u om"ktEkarm'em ac:Muavonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
75
ar;cGef;trSwf (18)
]]cspfom; &[ef;wkdY? tmHkajcmufyg;um; &m*rD;? a'gorD;? arm[rD; wnf;[laom rD;awmufrD;vQHwkdYudk
jzpfyGm; ap toifwkdYtm; tNrJwrf;awmufavmifvsuf &Sdacsonf}} [k a[mawmfrljcif;tm;jzifh Ak'onf
&[ef;wdkYudk owfjzwf&modkY ra&mufapbl;avm/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - rpwm uuf&SfrD,mqif;? t,f(rf)at? t,f(rf)tuf(pf)pD?
ausmif;tkyfBuD;? tm(vf)qm aumvdyfausmif;? bHkbdkifNrdKU? ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ r[mukPmawmf&Sif Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf&Jh arwmw&m;[m uymavmuwckvHk;&Jh

ta&SU? taemuf? awmif? ajrmuf qkdwJh t&yfav;rsufESmvHk;udk ysHUESHYvsuf &Sdw,f/ 'D ysHUESHUwJhae&mrSmvnf;
vlrsdK;ra&G;? bmomra&G;? tom;a&mifra&G;? t0gtjzLra&G;? ESmacgif;tcReftjym;ra&G;? t,kwf? tvwf?
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twGif; &Sd&SdorQaom vl? ewf? jA[m ow0gawGtmm;vHk;tay:rSm olY&Jhr[mukPmeJY arwmw&m;awmf
wkdY[m ysHUESHY vsuf&Sdw,f/ 'gaMumifh tmHkajcmufyg;[m rD;awmufrD;vQHBuD;rsm;ozG,f awmufavmifvsuf
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aMumifhomjzpfw,f/ wenf;tm;jzifh ajcmufyg;aom tmHkwdkYaMumifh rD;awmufrD;vQHrsm; awmufavmif
&w,f qkdwJh w&m;udk uJh&JhHIUcsrdMuvdkY ysufpD;Mu&wmjzpfw,f/ 'gaMumifh olwdkYwawG ysufpD;MuwmeJY Ak'
a[mawmfrlwJhw&m;eJY bmrQ rywfoufygbl; 'umBuD;/
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ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh wynfhawmf pdwfxJrSm&SdwJh oHo,uawmh rajyaysmufao;ygbl; bk&m;/ bmjyKvdkYvJ
qkdawmh Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfuom 'Dw&m;udkra[m&if 'D&[ef;awG[m aoG;pdrf;yGufyGuftefNyD; ysufpD;ukefMu
rSm r[kwfbl;vdkY wynfhawmf&Jh OD;acgif;xJrSm pJGaevdkYyg/ 'gaMumifh wynfhawmfudk 'DoHo, uif;&Sif;oGm;
atmif xyfNyD; &Sif;vif;awmfrlygOD; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ 'umBuD;&JhpdwfxJrSm udef;atmif;aewJh oHo,udk &Sif;oGm;atmif OD;yif; aemufxyf&Sif;jy
OD;r,f/
teEwefcdk;awmf&Sif teEPfawmf&Sif Ak'[m 'Dw&m;awmfudk ra[mrDuwnf;u olY&Jha&SUarSmufrSm a&muf
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awGUBuHK&r,fh tjzpftysufawG? 'Dw&m;tm;vHk;udk xifxif&Sm;&Sm;odjrifawmfrlw,f/ 'gwifruao;bl;? ol
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[m wcgwnf;eJY t&[wr*feJY t&[wzdkvfudk a&mufukefMuvdrfhr,fqdkwmudkvnf; Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf[m
odxm;awmfrlw,f/ 'Dvdk aoG;pdrf; yGufyGuftefNyD; ysufpD;ukef&r,fh &[ef;awGudk rysufpD;&atmif wm;jrpf
vdkY rjzpfovdkbJ t&[wr*f? t&[wzdkvf udk a&mufukefMur,fh waxmifaom &[ef;awGudkvnf;
r*fw&m;? zdkvfw&m;udk r&atmif wm;vdkY rjzpfbl; qdkwmudk Ak'u odawmfrlw,f/ 'D&[ef;awG[m olwdkY
udk,fwdkif twdwfumvujyKvkyfcJhwJhw&m;twdkif;jzpfMu&wJhtwGuf b,folurS0ifrpGufEdkifbl;/ a&SmifuGif;
vdkYvnf; r&bl;/ 'gwifrubl;? 'D aoG;pdrf;yGufyGuftefNyD; ysufpD;Mu&wJh &[ef;awG[m ,ckb0
wGifr[kwfbl;? aemif tem*wfumvrSm yGifhMur,fh Ak'&SifawmfjrwfawG&Jh vufxufrSmvnf; 'Dw&m;udk
76
a[mNyD;wJhtcgrSm ckvdkyJaoG;pdrf;yGufyGuftefNyD; uymw&mwdwd ysufpD;Mu&vdrfhOD;r,fqkdwmudkvnf; odjrif

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Mu&wm r[kwfbl;qkdwmudk 'umBuD;&Sif;vif;oGm; avmufNyDvdkYxifw,f/
qif;/
'D&[ef;awG[m twdwfb0awGwkef;u olwdkYjyKvkyfcJhwJh uHaMumifh ,ckvdk ysufpD;Mu&w,f
qkdwmudkawmh wynfhawmf oabmaygufygNyD q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh 'Dw&m;udk Mum;NyD;wJhaemufrS bmvdkY
tckvdk ysufpD;&w,fqkdwmudk wynfhawmf r&Sif;bJ jzpfaeygw,f/
q&mawmf/ 'Dvdkjzpf&wmuawmh olwdkYwawG[m 'DrGefjrwfwJhw&m;&Jh
rSm;,Gif;wJh t"dym,feJYaumuf,lNyD; HIUcsuJh&JhcJhMuvdkYyJ jzpfw,f/
tvGefaumif;wJhtESpfom&udk
qif;/
,ck q&mawmf trdefY&SdvdkufwJhtcsufudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; em;vnfoabmraygufao;ygbl;
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wa,muf twGufvnf; tusdK;&SdrSmyJ r[kwfvm; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ uJ 'umBuD;? tpmt[m&qkdwm vlwdkif;twGuf touf&SifapNyD; aumif;wJhtusdK;udk
jyKovm;/
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aumif;wJh? rGefjrwfwJhw&m;udk tqdk;vdkY ,lqMuwJh &[ef;rsm;twGuf ab;'kutE&m,f jzpfukefMu&
wmaygh/ uJ 'umBuD;? 'DudpeJYywfoufvdkY &Sif;oGm;NyDr[kwfvm;/
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ygw,f/ 'gwifruao;bl;? wynfhawmf avQmufxm;ar;jref;wJh ar;cGef;twGuf wynfhawmf &nfrSef;
xm;wmxuf auseyf &Sif;vif;avmufwJh tajzudk &wJhtwGuf txl; 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om jzpfrdygw,f
bk&m;/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ qkdawmh wynfhawmf[m vyfuaemif? uvuwm;? Ak'*g,m? oD[dkVf pwJh
a'orsm;u &[ef;awmfrsm;udk avQmufxm;Munfhwkef;u olwdkYu ]]Ak'[m 'D&[ef;awGudk aoapwm
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r&Sif;vif;vdkYjyefavQmufwJhtcgrSm ]]OD;yif;wdkYajymwm[m trSefyJ/ 'umBuD; vufcHEdkif&if vufcHaygh}} vdkY
om jyefajzMuygw,f q&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh t&Sifbk&m;&Jh tajzudk oabmusjcif; jzpfygw,f/
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Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
77
ar;cGef;trSwf (19)
Ak'0g'[m opmw&m;ay:rSm t&if;cHxm;wJh opm0g'jzpfw,fvdkY tb,fhaMumifh ,lqygovJ q&mawmf/
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ Ak'&Jh0g'[m opmw&m;ay:rSm tajcwnfxm;wJh bmomt,l0g'jzpfwJh

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riJhuGuf? rnmwmbJ [kwfwdkif;rSef&mudk wdwdvif;vif;eJY bGif;bGif;BuD; ajym&ygvdrfhr,f/ 'gaMumifh
wu,frSefuefwJh w&m;udk odvdkemvdkMuvdkY ,ck 'Dae&mrSm vma&mufpka0;MuwJh 'g,um? 'g,dumr
tm;vHk;udk OD;yif;u b,f bmom? b,ft,l0g'udkrQ raxmufrnmbJ a[majymwJhtwGuf pdwfvuf
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aygif; (29)rsdK;udk (22)ESpfausmfausmf avhvmvdkufpm;NyD;rS opm0g'udk awGY&Sd&vdkY 'D opm0g'udk vufcHum
tvGefpdwftm;xufoefvSwJh A&if*sD bmom0ifwa,muftjzpfu Ak'&Jh omoemhabmifxJ0ifNyD; omoemh
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tJ'Dawmh ,ck OD;yif;a[mr,fh w&m;udkvnf; rdrdwdkY&Sd&if;bmomt,l0g'tpJGtvef;awGudk acw
ajzazsmuf xm;NyD; pdwfoabmxm;BuD;BuD;eJY Mum;emum b,fbmom? b,ft,l0g'tay:rSmrS bufrvdkuf
bJ wu,fwrf; ajzmifhrwfrSefuefwJhESvHk;om;eJY a0zefydkif;jcm;NyD; em;axmifMur,fqkd&if tvGefrGefjrwfvSwJh
opmw&m; udkvnf; odjrifem;vnfoGm;Muvdrfhr,fvdkY OD;yif; ,HkMunfarQmfvifhygw,f/ tck OD;yif;
ajymcJhwJh oabmeJY em;axmifr,fqkd&if opmw&m;eJY ywfoufvdkY OD;yif;&Sif;vif;jyr,fhtcsufawGaMumifh
pdwfxJrSm taESmuft,Suf rjzpfHkwifru pMum0VmBuD;eJYwuG ow0gtm;vHk;tay:rSm vTrf;rdk;BuD;pdk;aewJh
opmw&m;eJY ywfoufwJh taMumif;tcsufawGudkvnf; aumif;aumif;BuD; odjrif oabmaygufoGm;MurSm
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wcsdefwnf;rSmyif ,ck tar;ykpmudk avQmufxm;ar;jref;wJh rpwm uuf&SfrD,mqif; udkvnf; 'g,um
'g,dumr taygif;u aus;Zl;txl;wifzdkY aumif;vSygw,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqdkawmh vlom;trsm;pk[m
rddk;zvm bmomt,l0g'tpJGtvef;awG&SdaeMuawmh rSefuefwJhw&m;udk rSefuefwJhtwdkif; ajymwma[mwm
udk rMum;vdk? em;raxmifvkdMubl;/ tJ'Dawmh OD;yif;[m 'umBuD;qif;uom 'Dar;cGef;udk rar;jref;cJhvdkY
&Sd&if 'D opmt,l0g'eJYywfoufvdkY a[mjzpfrSm r[kwfwJhtwGufyJ/
OD;yif;[m uymhbmom t,l0g'aygif; (29)rsdK;udk avhvmvdkufpm;cJhzl;awmh Ak'&Jh0g'[m tjcm;bmom
t,l0g' (28)rsdK;vdk w&m;ao oabmw&m;awG? t&rf;tuef;,HkMunfrIawG? rddk;zvmudk;uG,frIawGay:rSm
tajccHxm;wJh bmomt,l0g'r[kwfbJ wu,fhpdwf? cEmudk,f? pMum0VmwdkYeJY ywfoufwJh odyHynm&yf
ay:rSm wnfaqmufxm;wJh bmomt,l0g'jzpfw,fvdkY &J&JBuD; tckdiftrm ajym0Hhqkd0Hhw,f/
'Dt,l0g'[m ...
(1) 'kuopm? (2) ork',opm? (3) r*opm? (4) eda&m"opm qkdwJh opmw&m; (4)yg;ay:rSm tajcwnf
xm;wJh w&m;jzpfw,f/
wcg 'Dopmav;yg; w&m;awmfudk atmufyg zsufqD;ajymif;vJvdkYr&wJh (16)yg;aom w&m;rsm;tjzpf cJGjcm;
xm;jyefw,f/
78
(1)
taMumif;tusdK;oabm?
(2)
rlvtaMumif;w&m;eJY xdktaMumif;w&m;udk y,fzsufonfh oabm?
(3)
y#dporkym'foabm?
(4)
tnrnoabm?
(5)
uroabm? tusdK;ay;jcif;eJY tusdK;ray;jcif;oabm
(6)
emrfESifhkyfw&m;wdkY\ vIyf&Sm;rIoabm?
(7)
tedp? 'ku? tewoabm?
(8)
edpESifh y&rwfoabm?
(9)
obm0"r (jzpfjcif;? ysufjcif;oabm)?
(10)
obm0xufvGefuJonfh oabm (jzpfjcif;? ysufjcif;wkdYrS uif;vGwfonfhoabm)?
(11)
tusdK;w&m;ESifh cHpm;rIoabm?
(12)
okcESifh 'kuoabm?
(13)
aESmifwwf zJGYwwfonfhoabm?
(14)
vGwfajrmufjcif;oabm?
(15)
vGwfvyfjcif;oabm?
(16)
qJGaqmifjcif;oabm?
'gaMumifh pMum0VmBuD;wckvHk;eJY tJ'D pMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm&SdwJh ow0gawG? cyfodrf;aomw&m;awG[m

txufu ajymjycJhwJh opmav;yg;w&m;xJrSm tBuHK;0ifMuwJh (16)yg;aom w&m;oabmrsm;t& jzpfMu&?
ysufMu&w,f/ 'Dw&m;oabmawGrSty pMum0VmtwGif; &Sd&SdorQaom ouf&SdoufrJhw&m;wdkYudk zefqif;
EdkifwJh? zsufqD;EdkifwJh w&m;&,fvdkY r&Sdbl;/
'g[m vGefcJhwJh ESpfaygif; (2500)ausmf? (2600)avmufu Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfa[mawmfrlcJhwJhtwdkif;yJ/ tJ'D
w&m;udk ,ckacwfrSm ay:aygufxGef;um;aewJh odyHynm&yfu [kwfrSefaMumif; axmufcHvsuf&Sdw,f/ odyH
ynmt& qkd&if avmurSm rnfonfhkyfw&m;rS aemufwcPodkY tajymif;rcHbl;/ tvGefao;i,fwJh qD;ESif;
aygufuav;uaeNyD; tjrifhrm;qHk;ow0gtxd tvGefvsifjrefwdkawmif;vSwJh tcsdefumvtwGif;rSmyif
kyfuvmyfawG[m jrLuav;rsm;tjzpfjzifh vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJvsuf&Sdw,f/ pdwfw&m;uqkd&if kyfw&m;awG
vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJwmxufawmif ydkjrefao;w,f/ b,favmufjrefovJqkd&if wpuefYtwGif;rSm tBudrf
aygif; (1000) uaeNyD; (15000)xd vIyf&Sm;ajymif;vJvsuf&Sdw,f/ 'gayr,fh 'D pdwfw&m;? kyfw&m;
awG[m wckwnf;xif&avmufatmif tvGefvsifjrefNyD; OD;yif;wdkY 'umBuD;wdkY&Jh todPfudkvnf; t0dZm
tarSmifwdkufu ydwfzHk;xm;awmh 'Dajymif;vJvIyf&Sm;wJh oabmobm0udk rjrifEdkifbJ jzpfaeMu&wmaygh/
odyHynmeJY 'D obm0udk prf;oyf pHkprf;zl;wJh vlawGuawmh 'DtcsufudkvufcHMuygvdrfhr,f/
uJ tck pMum0VmBuD;eJY 'DpMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm &SdorQ ouf&SdoufrJhw&m;awGeJY ywfoufvdkY Ak'&Sifawmf
jrwfudk,fwdkif a[mawmfrlcJhwJh tcsuftvufawG? odyHynm&Sifrsm; pl;prf;&SmazGvdkY awGY&SdwJhtcsuftvuf
awG? tJ'gawGtm;vHk;udk acwz,fxm;NyD; OD;yif;eJYwuG 'g,um? 'g,dumrtm;vHk; atmufygtwkdif;
qifjcif avhvm oHk;oyfMupdkY/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
79
(1) tu,f zefqif;ol&Sd&if zsufqD;olvnf; &Sd&r,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkd&if zefqif;wm[lorQ[m

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a&SmifuGif;vdkY r&wJh obm0yJ/
(2) tu,f zefqif;&SifwOD;wa,muf &Sdr,fqkd&if tJ'Dzefqif;&Sif[m wpHkwckudk taMumif;jyKNyD; pwif
jzpfay:&r,f/ tJ'Dvdk wpHkwckudk taMumif;jyKNyD; pwifjzpfyGm;&wJh w&m;[lorQ[m aemufqHk; ysufpD;&
rSmyJ/ 'gvnf; vl? ewf? jA[m ow0g[lorQ a&SmifuGif;vdkYr&wJh obm0yJ/
(3) tu,f zefqif;&Sif[m wpHkwckaomtaMumif;w&m;aMumifhjzpfay:&w,fqkd&if pMum0VmBuD; wckvHk;
eJY 'DpMum0VmBuD;twGif;rSm&SdMuwJh ouf&SdoufrJhw&m;pkawGuvnf; 'DtaMumif;w&m;udk tpJGjyKNyD; jzpf&
r,f/ 'DtaMumif;w&m;[my#dporkym'fw&m; wenf;tm;jzifh taMumif;tusdK;qufw&m;omvQifjzpfw,f/
(4) 'D taMumif;tusdK;qufw&m;rSm taMumif;w&m; (12)yg; eJY tusdK;w&m; (1)yg; yg0ifvQuf&Sdw,f/
(5) tJ'DtxJrSm t"dutaMumif;u t0dZmw&m;yJjzpfw,f/ 'Dt0dZmw&m;aMumifh jyKjyifzefwD;wwfwJh uH
w&m; ay:vm&w,f/ 'D jyKjyifzefwD;wwfwJh uHw&m;udk t0dZmw&m;u zHk;vTrf;xm;wJh rsufapheJY
Munfhawmh zefqif;&Sif&Jh zefqif;jcif;vdkY xifaeMuw,f/ tJ'D t0dZmw&m;udk z,f&Sm;okwfoif
ypfvdkufwmeJY wNydKifeuf 0dZmPfvdkufNyD; ol? ig qkdwJh ow0gr&SdaMumif;? pMum0VmBuD;&,fvdkY
r&SdaMumif; odjrifNyD; kyfw&m;? emrfw&m; wdkY&Jh tqufrjywf 'vpyfvIyf&Sm;? jzpfay:? ysufokOf;? ajymif;vJ
aeMuwmawGudkom awGYjrif&vdrfhr,f/ trSeftm;jzifh kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wkdY&Jh wzGm;zGm; jzpfay:?
ysufokOf;? ajymif;vJaejcif;[m jrpfa&tvsOfvdkyJ/ jrpfa&tvsOf[m cPuav;rQ rwnfNrJaomfvnf;
vlawGu 'Djrpfa&[m tpOfxm0& wnfNrJaew,fvdkY txiftjrifvJGaeMuw,f/ jrpfxJu tvsOfrjywf
pD;qif;aewJha&tvsOfudk y,fxkwfvkduf&if bmrQ rusef awmhovdkbJ ol? ig up pMum0VmBuD; wckvHk;
xJu tpOfwpdkuf jzpfvkduf? ysufvdkuf? ajymif;vJvdkufjzpfaeMu wJh kyfrIefYawG? kyfuvmyfawGudk
y,fxkwfvdkuf&ifvnf; bmrQrusefawmhbl;/
(6) ow0gawGeJY pMum0VmBuD;wckvHk;[m trSefpifppftm;jzifh t0dZmw&m;u vSnfhpm;xm;vdkY olyJ? igyJ?
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bmeJY wlovJ qkd&if y&dwfw&yfvHk;udk vSnfhpm;NyD; r[kwfwmudk t[kwfvkyfNyD; jyaewJh rsufvSnfh
q&mBuD;yJ/ 'gaMumifh 0dyemPfudk tpGrf;ukef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfNyD; ,xmblwPfudk &atmif
vkyfzdkYvdkw,f/ 'D,xmblwPfudk &vdkufwmeJY wNydKifeuf ol? ig? ow0gupNyD; pMum0VmBuD;ygrusef
bmrQr[kwfyg uvm;vdkY odjrifvmvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk jrifvmwmeJYwNydKifeuf tvHk;pHkaom kyfw&m;awG?
emrfw&m;awG&Jh rNrJrIawGudk jrifvmNyD; 'Dw&m;pkawGxJrS vGwfajrmufvmcsifvdrfhr,f/ tJ'Dvdk 'Dw&m;awG
xJrS vGwfajrmufatmif wu,fBudK;yrf;tm;xkwfwJhtcgusawmhrS vGwfajrmufa&;w&m;? edAmefw&m;udk
&vmr,f/ 'Dw&m;[m vlom;awGudkrajymxm;eJY? ewf? jA[mawGuawmif rjiif;EkdifwJh obm0 jzpfw,f/
(7) t0dZmw&m;udk t&if;cHNyD; olol igig ow0gawG jzpfvm&w,f/ 'Djzpfvm&wJh ow0gawG[mvnf;
tjzpfw&m;&Sdovdk tysufw&m;eJY qHkMu&w,f/ 'ghaMumifh &Sd&SdorQ ow0gawG? kyfw&m;awG? emrfw&m;
awGudk y&rwfusus jrifr,f? tJ'Dvdk y&rwfPf 0ifvmwmeJYwNydKifeuf t0dZmtarSmifxk[m wcgwnf;
uG,faysmufoGm;&r,f/ 'D t0dZmw&m;uG,faysmufoGm;wmeJYwNydKifeuf y#doaEae&jcif;? tkd&jcif;? em&jcif;
qkdwJh w&m;awGrS uif;pifvGwfajrmufoGm;r,f/ wenf;tm;jzifh edAmefudk a&mufoGm;r,f/ 'Dobm0[m vl?
ewf? jA[m[lorQawGxJu b,folrS rjiif;Edkif ry,fEkdifwJh obm0yJ/
Ak'a[mawmfrlcJhwJhw&m;awGudkvnf; rudk;um;? odyHynm&Jh &SmazGazmfxkwfrIudkvnf; tm;rudk;bJ obm0
"rtwGif;u wu,fhjzpfpOfjzpf&yfawGudk wdwdusus? rSefrSefuefuefavhvmNyD; qifjcifoHk;oyfvdkufwmeJY
80
wNydKifeuf txufu OD;yif;ajymcJhwJh owKcscsuf (7)csuf[m xGufay:vmr,f/ 'gayr,fh aemufqHk; 'D

owKcscsufawG[m Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf a[mawmfrlwJh w&m;awGeJY xyfwlxyfrQ wlaewmudk awGYMu&w,f/
wcg 'D owKcscsuf (7)csuft& Munfhjyefawmh 'DpMum0VmBuD;eJYwuG ol igup ow0g&Sd&SdorQawG[m
uG,faysmufoGm;&wmaygh/ 'Dw&m;awGtm;vHk;[m tNrJwef; jzpfay:ajymif;vJvIyf&Sm;aewJh kyfw&m;?
emrfw&m;pkyJ/ tJ'Dawmh 'Dw&m;awGudk zefqif;w,fqdkwJh zefqif;&Sifudk,fawmfjrwfvnf;r&Sdawmhbl;/
tJ'Dawmh 0dZmynm&yfeJY wxyfwnf;udkufnDaewJh Ak't,l0g'omvQif rSefuefaMumif; xif&Sm;vmr,f/ Ak'
uvnf; ololigig ow0gqdkwmr&Sd? kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;wdkY&Jh jzpfysufajymif;vJ vIyf&Sm;rIwkdYom&Sdw,fvdkY
a[mawmfrlcJhw,f/ trSeftm;jzifh 'D kyfw&m;? emrfw&m;awG[m tqufrjywf jzpfyGm;aeMuvdkY? tjzpf
tysuf tajymif;tvJ tvGefjrefvGef;vdkY? aemufwckuawmh vlawGrSm t0dZmtarSmifw&m;u zHk;vTrf;
xm;vdkY 'Dw&m;awGudk vlawG u rjrifEdkif rxifEdkifbJ jzpfaeMu&w,f/ 'Dw&m;awGrS vGwfajrmufatmif
opm (4)yg;w&m;udk wcgwnf; xifatmif jrifatmif IEkdifMuvdrfhr,f/ 'g[mAk'&Jh tvdkawmfyJjzpfw,f/
'ghaMumifh urmhtjcm;bmomt,l0g' (28)yg;eJY Ak'&Jht,l0g'[m rwlbJ uJGjym;jcm;em;aewmyJ jzpfw,f/
'ghaMumifh opm(4)yg;ay:rSmtajcwnfxm;wJh Ak'0g'vdkY OD;yif; &J&J0Hh0HheJYckdifckdifrmrmajym0Hhw,f/ w&m;ao
0g'? t&rf;tuef;,HkrI? rddk;zvmxHk;wrf;pOfvmt& udk;uG,fqnf;uyfrIawGom tajcwnfxm;wJh tjcm;
bmomawG[m opmt,l0g'r[kwfbl;vdkY wzufuvnf; OD;yif;u &J&JBuD; ajymvdkufygw,f/ 'Dy&dwf
xJu b,folrqdk tck OD;yif;ajymwmudk rauseyf&if a0zefzdkY zdwfMum;ygw,f/
qif;/ q&mawmf ,ck a[majymwJh todPfeJYvnf;,SOf? odyHynmeJYvnf; udkufnDqDavsmfvSwJh w&m;
aMumifh wynfhawmfwdkYtay:rSm zHk;aewJhtarSmifw&m;[m rD;I;wefaqmifatmufrSm aysmufuG,foGm;ovdk
jzpfNyD; 'Dow0gawG? ouf&SdoufrJh kyf0wKawGeJY ywfoufvdkY tjrifrSefudk&Muygw,fq&mawmf/ 'gaMumifh
q&mawmf&Jhw&m;udk a0zefzdkY&ef rvdkygbl; bk&m;/ q&mawmftm; ,ckvdk a[majym&Sif;jywJhtwGuf aus;Zl;
wifvSygw,f bk&m;/
wGif w&m;emy&dwfrsm;u om"ktEkarm'em jyKMuavukefonf/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
81
ar;cGef;trSwf (20)
Ak'\ bkef;awmf? PfawmfESifh Ak'\ "mwfawmf arGawmfwkdYudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfjcif;tm;jzifh rnfuJhodkY
aom tusdK;aus;Zl;wdkYudk cHpm;&ygoenf;/
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ teEPfawmf? teEwefcdk;awmf? teEbkef;awmf&SifjzpfwJh Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf&Jh

bkef;awmf? PfawmfeJY arGawmf "mwfawmfwkdYudk wu,fwrf; ,Hk,HkMunfMunf apwem o'gw&m;
xufxuf oefoefeJY udk;uG,fqnf;uyfMuwJhvlawG[m tusdK;aus;Zl;tm;jzifh ESpfrsdK;cHpm;Mu&ygw,f/ 'Dvdk
cHpm;Mu&wJh aus;Zl;w&m;ESpfrsdK;rSm wrsdK;u ,ckrsufarSmufb0rSmyJ ab;Oyg'ftE&m,fuif;w,f? vmbf
vmb &Tifw,f? ulnDapr,fhvl aygw,f? vlcspfvlcifrsm;w,f? ewfjA[mawGuvnf; cspfcifapmifha&Smuf
w,f? Nidrf;csrf;om,mNyD; okccsrf;omeJY ae&wwfw,f? aemufwrsdK;uawmh aemifwrvGefb0rSm vlYbHk?
ewf bHk? jA[mhbHkrSm usifvnf&NyD; csrf;omokceJY jynfhpHk&wJh tusdK;aus;Zl;yJ/
qif;/
Ak'ukd,fwdkifu y&dedAmefjyKxm;awmfrlygvsufeJY 'DvlawG[m q&mawmftrdefY&Sdovdk tusdK;
aus;Zl;awGcHpm;&r,fqdkwmudk wynfhawmf em;rvnfEdkifbJjzpfaeygw,f/ q&mawmf qufNyD;
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tusdK;cHpm; &ovm;/
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rD;arT;wJhvluom tusdK;trsdK;rsdK;cHpm;&NyD; rD;uawmh tusdK;aus;Zl;rcHpm;&ygbl; q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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qif;/
wcgNidrf;vdkufvdkY aooGm;wJhrD;[m aemufwcgjyefNyD;awmh &SifrvmEdkifygbl;/ aemufwcg
xyfoHk;zdkY rD;topf wzefarT;&ygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
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qif;/
rD;jcpfqHeJY rD;jcpfbl;udk jcpfNyD; rD;&atmif vkyfMuygw,f q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/
rD;[m rD;jcpfqHxJrSm &Sdovm;? 'grSr[kwf&ifvnf; rD;jcpfxJrSm &Sdovm;/
qif;/
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q&mawmf/
rD;[m b,ft&yf b,fa'ou xGufvmwmvJ 'umBuD;/
82
qif;/
rD;[m b,ft&yfuvmw,fvdkY ajymvdkYrjzpfEdkifygbl; q&mawmf/ 'gayr,fh ausmufcJESpfckudk
yGwfvdkuf&if? opfom;ajcmufESpfacsmif;udk yGwfvdkuf&ifawmh rD;[m xGufvmwmygyJ q&mawmf/
q&mawmf/ rD;awmufjzpfvmwJhtwGuf rD;rSm bmrQtusdK;r&SdovdkbJ y&dedAmef jyKawmfrlNyD;jzpfwJh Ak'
&SifawmfjrwfrSmvJ olYudk o'gw&m;eJY MunfndKwJhvlawG b,fvdkyJ MunfndKMunfndK? b,fvdkyJ ylaZmfylaZmf
bmrQ tusdK;r&Sdygbl;/ rD;arT;wJhvl[m rD;udk trsdK;rsdK; toHk;csNyD; trsdK;rsdK;tusdK;&Sdovdk Ak'udk MunfndKNyD;
ylaZmf oum&jyKwJhvlawGrSmvnf; ,ck ypKyefb0rSmvnf; tusdK;&Sdw,f/ aemifwrvGefb0rSmvnf;
tusdK;cHpm; &w,f/ rD;[m wcgNidrf;vdkufvdkY aysmufuG,foGm;NyD;wJhaemuf aemufxyfwBudrfjyefNyD; rvm
ovdkbJ Ak' [mvnf; y&dedAmefjyKNyD;aemuf 'DrNrJwJh? 'kuqif;&Jjcif;jzifh jynhfESufaewJh? tESpfom&r&SdwJh
'DurmBuD;qDudk b,fawmhrS jyef<uawmfrl rvmawmhbl;/ rD;[m Nidrf;NyD;wJhaemuf b,fae&m b,fa'orSm
oGm;NyD;aew,f qkdwm wdwdusus r&SdbJ rodbJeJY wkwfESpfacsmif;udk yGwfvdkufwJhtcgrSm rD;yGifhNyD;
awmufvmovdkyJ Ak'[m y&dedAmefjyKNyD;wJhaemuf b,fae&m b,fa'oudk a&mufoGm;w,fqdkwm
rodrjrifEdkifaomfvnf; Ak'udk wu,fMunfndKwJh o'mwJh vlwOD;wa,mufu Ak'a[mawmfrlcJhwJhw&m;udk
oabmaygufvdkufwmeJY wNydKifeuf Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfudk tJ'Dvl[m zl;jrifvdkuf&wmeJY twlwlyJ/
tJ'Dvl&JhpdwfxJrSm Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf <uvmawmfrlwmyJ/ bmjyKvdkYvJqkdawmh Ak'&Sifawmfjrwfudk,fwdkifu
y&dedAmeokwfxJrSm ]]cspfom; tmeEm? igbk&m; y&dedAmefjyKNyD;aemuf igbk&m;tm; rjrif&bl;?
rzl;&awmhbl;vdkY ratmufarhESifh? igbk&m; a[mawmfrlcJh wJh r*if&Spfyg;w&m;awmfudk igbk&m; a[mawmfrl
cJhwJhtwkdif; oabmaygufem;vnfol[m igbk&m;udk zl;jrif& vdrfhr,f}} vdkY a[mcJhvdkYyJ/
'gaMumifh Ak'&Sifawmfjrwftay:rSm r,drf;r,dkif ckdifNrJvSwJh o'mpdwf? ,HkMunfpdwf? MunfndKpdwfeJY Ak'&Jh
*kPfawmfeJY Ak'&Jh arGawmf "mwfawmfwdkYudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfylaZmfwJholawG[m OD;yif;txufu a[mcJhwJh
twkdif; tusdK;aus;Zl;cHpm;&vdrfhr,fvdkY OD;yif;u ,HkMunfpdwfcspGmeJY? oHo,pdwfuif;pifpGmeJY a[m0Hhajym0Hh
ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh Ak'tay:rSm ckdifckdifNrJNrJ rMunfndKbJ? ,HkMunftm;udk;jcif; r&SdbJ Ak'&Jh*kPfawmfawG?
bkef;awmfawGudk &GwfqdkHk&GwfqdkaevdkYawmh txufu OD;yif;ajymcJhwJh tusdK;aus;Zl;awGudk cHpm;&rSm
r[kwfbl;/ uJ OD;yif; ,ck a[majymvdkufwJh tcsufeJYywfoufvdkY r&Sif;wJh? em;rvnfwJh tcsufrsm;
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q&mawmf ,ck &Sif;vif; a[mjyawmfrlwJh tcsufawGeJY ywfoufvdkY bmrQ r&Sif;wm
rvif;wm r&Sdygbl; bk&m;/ oHo,vnf; r&Sdygbl; bk&m;/ ,aeYrSpNyD; wynfhawmf[m
q&mawmfa[mvdkuf wJhtwGuf Ak'tay:rSm wu,fhudk ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY o'mw&m; xufxufoefoefeJY
Ak'&Jh *kPfawmf? wefcdk;awmfeJY "mwfawmf arGawmfwdkYudk udk;uG,fqnf;uyfygawmhr,f bk&m;/
Ak'0g'jyemrsm;
83
ar;cGef;trSwf (21)
[dELbmom0ifwdkY&Jh rkwdw&m;? c&pf,mefbmom0ifwkdY&Jh aumif;uifbHkeef;? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwdkY&Jh
y&pf(pf)xm;? Ak'&Jh edAmefqdkwJh w&m;awG[m tcsif;csif; b,fvdkuJGjym;jcm;em;ygovJ q&mawmf/
(ar;jref;avQmufxm;ol - A,f(vf)csef? ukefonfyJGpm;BuD;? t,fvDzifpwkef;t0dkif;? bHkbdkifNrdKU?
ajzqdkol - q&mawmf t&Sift&d,"r/)
q&mawmft&Sift&d,"r/ bmomt,l0g' trsdK;rsdK;udk udk;uG,f,HkMunfqnf;uyfaeMuwJh vltrsdK;rsdK;

vma&muf Mum;emaeMuwJh w&m;yJGBuD;rSm 'Dvdk ta&;BuD;NyD; IyfaxG;vSwJh ar;cGef;wckudk ajzMum;zdkY&ef
udp[m OD;yif;twGuf tvGef wm0efBuD;av;vSygw,f/ bmjyKvdkYvJ qkdawmh OD;yif;u 'Dar;cGef;udkajzwJh
ae&mrSm tvGefrGefjrwfvSwJh opmw&m;udkt&if;cHNyD; bmomt,l0g'toD;oD;&JhaemufqHk;&nfrSef;csufudk
a0zef oHk;oyfNyD; a[majym&r,fqdkawmh tcsdKU bmomt,l0g'udk xdcdkufoGm;r,fhta&;udk BudKwifjrifrd
vdkYygyJ/ 'gaMumifh ,ckw&m;yJGudkvma&mufMuwJh t,l0g'toD;oD;0if ynm&SifawG[m ,ck OD;yif;
ajyma[m&Sif;vif;r,fhtcsufawGeJYywfoufvdkY pdwfxJrSm b,fvdkrS tmCmww&m;rxm;MubJ ,kwd,kwm
usus rSm;w,f rSefw,fqdkwmudk qHk;jzwfNyD;,lMur,fvdkY uwday;Mu&ifjzifh OD;yif;u 'Dar;cGef;udk ajz&Sif;
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wnGwfwnf; ay;tyfMuaomtcg q&mawmfu atmufygtwdkif; qufvufa[mMum;awmfrlavonf/)
Ak'&Sifawmfjrwf a[mawmfrlcJhwJh edAmefw&m;eJY [dELbmom0ifwkdY ,HkMunfaeMuwJh rkwdw&m;? c&pf,mef

bmom0ifwkdY ,HkMunfaeMuwJh aumif;uifbHkeef;? r[mar'ifbmom0ifwkdY&Jh y&pf(pf)xm; w&m;awG[m
rEdIif;tyf? r,SOfomatmif uGJjym;jcm;em;vsuf&SdMuygw,f/ edAmefrSty tjcm;w&m;awG[m 'DpMum0VmBuD;
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rajymeJY? b,fpMum0VmeJYrQ rywfoufawmhbl;/ 'Dw&m;awGudk OD;yif;u c&pf,mefbmom0if wdkY arQmfrSef;
aeMuwJh aumif;uifbHkeef;upNyD; aemufqHk; edAmefw&m;yg wckNyD;wck &Sif;vif;ajymjyyghr,f/ 'DvdkajymjywJh
ae&mrSmvnf; olYqkdif&mqkdif&mt,l0g'eJYqkdif&musrf;*efawGudkudk;um;NyD;a[majymyghr,f/ 'grSom 'umBuD;
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84
teEwefcdk;awmf&Sif xm0&bk&m;ocifudk,fawmfjrwf[m tcsdefumv&Snfvsm;pGm wOD;wnf; pHpm;aeawmfrl

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bHkeef;BuD;wck ay:aygufvmap/ aumif;uifbHkeef;xdyf igbk&m;ocifudk,fawmf pHy,fawmfrl&ef tvGef
w&m cefYnm;x,f0gawmfrlvSonfh yvifawmfwck ay:aygufvmap/ xkdyvifawmf\ a&SU vuf0J? vusfm
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csrSwfawmfrlvdkufowJh/ tJ'Dvdkvnf; t&Sifudk,fawmfu trdefY&Sdawmfrlvdkufa&m wrefawmf (18)uka#vnf;
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-------------------------------
pmdkufNyD;aeY/ c&pfou&mZf 2009 ckESpf? rwfv (20)&uf? jrefrmou&mZf 1370 jynfhESpf

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tdEd,w&m;0efBuD;csKyfa[mif;
a'gufwm a t? trf? abum M.A., Ph. D., D. Litt.,
Bar-at-Law, D. Sc., M.L.C., u ar;
q&mawmf OD;t&d,"r-bDat (Ak'0d[m& bHkbkdif)
ajzqdkaom

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