Verbs descr|b|ng trends

Mean|ng verb noun Verb |n past s|mp|e Verb |n future s|mp|e

Co down
1o uecrease
1o lall
1o urop
1o uecllne
1o lunge (blg change)
1o lummeL (blg change)
A decrease
A fall
A drop
A decllne


uecreased
lell
uropped
uecllned
lunged
plummeLed
1here |s forecast that
shows
p|anned to be
there w||| be
there |s expected to be
Is forecast to
Is expected to
Lk
Is forecast to decrease
Is expected to lncrease
w||| remaln Lhe same
1here |s forecast that
shows wlld flucLuaLlons
1here |s expected to be a
growLh
1here w||| be a levellng off
aL
p|anned to be a Lrebllng ln
Co up
1o lncrease
1o 8lse
1o Crow
1o uouble
1o 1reble
1o 8ockeL (blg change)
An lncrease
A 8lse
CrowLh
uoubllng ln+noun
1rebllng ln+noun

lncreased
8ose
Crew
uoubled
1rebled
rockeLed
no change
1o Level off
1o 8emaln Lhe same
1o 8emaln sLable
1o sLablllze
A levellng off aL



Leveled off
8emalned Lhe same
8emalned sLable
sLablllzed
ConsLanL change
1o llucLuaLe
1o be erraLlc
A flucLuaLlon ln

llucLuaLed
Was erraLlc
poslLlon
1o reach a hlgh/peak of
1o reach a low of
A hlgh of
A low of
8eached a hlgh of
8eached a low of


mean|ng ADI]ADV
Sma|| change SLeady/ SLeadlly SllghL/ sllghLly Cradual/ gradually

Large change Conslderable/conslderably sharp/sharply dramaLlc/dramaLlcally slgnlflcanL/slgnlflcanLly



Sentence structure
ADIADV patterns 1|me hrases

(Sb+v+ADI+N) 1here was a substant|a| |ncrease |n students |n 2006
Irom 2000 to 200S
Irom 1S0 to 200 un|ts
In 2006
Ior S years
Start|ng |n 1901 and end|ng |n 202S
8etween 2000 and 200S
Dur|ng the per|od from 2000 to
200S
Cver a per|od of 17 years
8eg|nn|ng |n 2000

(Sb+v+ADV) 1he number of students |ncreased substant|a||y |n 2006
Introduct|on
What k|nd of f|gure?
What does |t do? What does |t show? Where d|d |t happen? When d|d |t happen?
L|ne graph
8ar chart
1ab|e
|e chart
d|agram
Shows
lllusLraLes
uescrlbes
resenLs
8eveals
rovldes lnformaLlon
abouL
1he number/quanLlLy of
1he amounL of
1he change ln
1he percenLage of Pow
many/how much
1he process of
1he sLages ln
ln Lhe uk
All over Lhe world
ln Lurope
ln Asla eLc

uurlng Lhe perlod of 10 years
Cver Lhe perlod from 2000 Lo
2006
Cver Lhe decade (10 years)
lrom Aprll Lo SepLember

Introductory express|ons
lL ls clear from
lL can be seen from
as lL ls shown by
as lL ls lllusLraLed by



Lhe graph/Lable/charL LhaL



Crder|ng
1o descr|be graphs 1o descr|be process
1 1he
beg|nn|ng

llrsLly lnlLlally 1he perlod began wlLh aL
Lhe beglnnlng of Lhe perlod
Steps]sequences
1he flrsL
1he second
1he nexL step]stage ls
A furLher flolsbloq
1he flnal cleooloq
sbloq
wosbloq
pollsbloq

outes
lrom here lL passes]trave|s]moves
a|ong]through]v|a a plpe to a chamber

2 Cont|nuat|on

1hen secondly afLerwards laLer on
afLer LhaL furLher nexL
lrom here Lhere are Lwo posslble rouLes
lf Lhe sample ls approved Lhen lL moves on Lo
lf Lhe sample falls Lhe LesL Lhen lL
3 the end

llnally Into]to a conta|ner]chamber where]|n
wh|ch]dur|ng wh|ch (th|ngs happen)
4 summar|z|ng overall Lo sum up summlng up ln
general concludlng
and Lhe cycle/process beglns agaln
1rans|t|ona| phrases
Lxamp|e Contrast add|t|on resu|t agreement referr|ng
lor example for
lnsLance namely
speclflcally
Powever alLhough
Lhough unllke buL
neverLheless ln
conLrasL Lo on Lhe
conLrary on Lhe
oLher hand
ln addlLlon
addlLlonally
furLhermore
moreover Lo add Lo
LhaL
1herefore Lhus
hence as a resulL
due Lo Lhls
consequenLly
lndeed obvlously
undoubLedly
Accordlng Lo Lhe
graph
1urnlng Lo
8egardlng
As for
Compar|son
neutra| Comparat|ve Super|at|ve equa||ty
regu|ar 8lg
beauLlful
8lgger (Lhan)
More/less beauLlful (Lhan)
1he blggesL
1he mosL beauLlful As
blg/beauLlful/good/llLLle
as

Lhe same as
|rregu|ar Cood
8ad
lar
LlLLle
Many/much
8eLLer
Worse
larLher/furLher
Less
more
1he besL
1he worsL
1he farLhesL/furLhesL
1he leasL
1he mosL

roport|ons
Well over
More Lhan
!usL over
AbouL
8oughly
ApproxlmaLely
AlmosL
!usL under
Less Lhan
Well under
a quarLer
a Lhlrd
LwoLhlrds
LhreequarLers
of




1he lncome ls from agrlculLure
1he money was spenL on books
larmers are loslng money
Marrlages end ln dlvorce
1he coffee harvesL ls exporLed

Palf
all
1
23
233
of

1he ma[or|ty
A m|nor|ty
Most
Not much]many
Very ||tt|e]few
araphras|ng
O graph llne graph
O charL bar charL
O dlagram flgure
O shows lllusLraLes (or compares lf
Lhe graph ls comparlng)
O proporLlon percenLage raLe
O lnformaLlon daLa
O Lhe number of Lhe flgure for Lhe
quanLlLy of
O Lhe proporLlon of Lhe flgure for
O people ln Lhe uSA Amerlcans
O from 1999 Lo 2009 beLween 1999
and 2009
O from 1999 Lo 2009 over a perlod of
10 years
O how Lo produce Lhe process of
produclng
O ln Lhree counLrles ln Lhe uk lrance
and Spaln (le name Lhe counLrles)
O newupLodaLe
O modernconLemporary
O lnformaLlondaLa
O every yeareach year annually
O every day dally each day
O 10 years a decade
O 100 yearscenLury
O Men and womenmales and females
O Pours and mlnuLesLhe amounL of
Llme
O Lhe sLages ln Lhe process of
O dlfferenLvarlous
O reglonarea
O producLlonproduclng
O caLegoryLype
O sysLemneLwork
O LrlpLravel
O peopleresldenLs dwellers
lnhablLanLs clLlzens populaLlon
O Lype of Lravelmode of Lravel
O aged 63 and overaged 63 or more
O #Lhe number of# or #Lhe quanLlLles
of##how many#
O Lhe changes ln how __ changed
O aged 1818 years old
O abouL 3approxlmaLely 3
O llfe cycle of sLages ln Lhe llfe of
O ln newLownln Lhe clLy of newLown
O leveldegree