sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= %^)^%)^^

g]jf/ egf,}
g]jf/L xf]Og
g]jf/ efiffsf]
cf}krfl/s gfd
g]kfn efiff xf]
jif{ !, c+s %,

g]kfn ;Dat\ !!#@ s5nfuf !%

November 24, 2011

@)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

clGtd e]63f6df

pGgtL rf}w/L

tfnaGb, s}nfnL

km]l/ e]6f}n
+ f gfds g]kfnL
rnlrqdfaf6 clego ofqf u/L
rlr{t ag]sL gflosf dlgiff
sf]O/fnf alnj'8df efFl;g' eof]
/ kms{g' ePg . alnp8
ahf/df laSg 5f8]kl5 kms{g' t
eof] t/ lgs} l9nf eO;s]5 .
ca km]l/ alnp8 g} hfg' ePsf]
5 t/ o; kfnL rnlrqdf
clego ug{ xf]Og, Wofg / of]u
l;Sg . -x]g'{\;\ # k]hdf_

o;nfO{ zflGtk|ltsf] cfkm\gf] w}ot{ fsf

sf/0f g]kfnsf] zflGt k|lqmof cfhsf]
;dembf/L ;+ej ePsf] atfPsf
5g . hgd'lQm ;]gfsf b]z e/Lsf
;ft} l8lehgxdf /x]sf !( xhf/
^ ;o @ hgf of] 4 fx dWo]
/fhgLlts ;Demf}tfn] ^ xhf/ %;o
hgf dfq ;]gfdf hfg kfpg] ePkl5
cfhsfn c:yfoL lzlj/xdf
5nkmnsf] sfo{Ao:ttf klg a9]sf]
5 . ;]gf ;dfof]hgdf ;dembf/Lsf]
;lx kfng ug]{ klg hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
of]4fxn] atfPsf 5g .

sf] sf] hfG5g ;dfof]hgdf <

kmf]6f] M g]jfM 6fOD;

ljleGg SofG6f]gd]G6df /x]sf

Pg] s kf -dfcf] j fbL_ sf
hg;]gfxdWo] s}nfnLlhNnfsf]
tfnaGbl:yt SofG6f]gd]G6df /x]sf
hg;]gfx clxn] ;fyLefO{aLr wLt
d?Gh]n dL7f dL7f s'/f u/]/ Jo:t
x'g yfn]sf 5g\ . sf]xL ;dfof]hgdf
hfg], sf]xL k'g:yf{kgf / sf]xL
:j}lR5s cjsf;df hfg] ePkl5
cj o;/L a:g kfpg] 5}gf} / ef]ln
e]6 x'g] xf] ls xf]Og s] yfxf clxn]
g} s'/f u/f}+ eGg] efjgf;lxt o;/L
;do latfpg yfn]sf x'g\ .
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4f tyf
sdf08/x clxn]sf] ;Demf}tfn]
cfkm'xnfO{ Pp6f lgsf; lbP kl5
sf]lx ;dfo]fhg, sf]xL Kofs]h / sf]lx
:j}lR5s cjsfz hfg] sf/0f ubf{
b}lgs Ps cfkf;df a;]/ ld7f ld7f
ukm ul/x/x]sf e]l6G5g .
SofG6f] g d] G 6leq sf] x L
;dfof]hgdf hfg] cfkm\gf ;fyLnfO{
t 76\of}nL kf/fdf g]kfnL ;]gfdf
/x] s f laleGg bhf{ s f gfdn]
lh:sfO/x]sf klg e]l6G5g . hlt
hlt glhs hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4f
Ps cfkf; 5'lg] lbg glhlsb} 5
Tolt Tolt g} hgd'lQm ;]gfx Ps
cfkf;df a;]/ lbgx/ latfO{/x]sf]

d"No M?= %

e] l 6G5g . hgd' l Qm ;] g f ;ftf}

l8lehg ax'lj/ of]4f :d[lt la|u]8
;xhk'/, s}nfnLsf sDkgL lht]Gb| slkn_ eG5g\ cj xfdL laleGg
7fpFsf 5f}+ k"j{ klZrd htf klg 5f}+
km]l/ xfd|f] o:tf] e]6 gx'g klg ;S5 .
of] lar g} /dfO{nf] ug]{ lbg xf] .
kfFr aif{bl] v c:yfoL lzlj/df
a:b} cfPsf Pg]skf -dfcf]jfbL_
kf6L{ s f hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf] ;] g f
;dfof]hg tyf k'g:{ yfkgf ;DaGwL
cfz+sf ;dfKt ePsf] 5 . ut !%
sflt{sdf k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd
e/fO{ lgjf; afn'jf6f/df ;]gf

;dfof]hg tyf k'g:{ yfkgf ;DalGw

ePsf] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf]
;xdltkl5 hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf
;DaGwdf /x]sf] lautb]lvsf] cf+zsf
;dfKt ePsf] xf] .
lautsf si6s/ lbgxdf
pgLxnfO{ /fHon] ;dfof]hg gug]{
xf] ls jf o'4df g} kmls{g' kg]{ xf]
eGg]h:tf laleGg cfz+sf /xFb}
cfPsf] lyof] . ;]gf ;dfof]hg tyf
k'g:{ yfkgf;DaGwL ePsf] /fhgLlts
;xdltn] cfhef]ln hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
c:yfoL lzlj/df rxnkxn a9\gs
' f
;fy} 3/labfdf uPsf, ;'Ts]/L

of}gsdL{xsf] r+un' df
;'Gb/ kf]v/f

b'uf{ clwsf/L
kf]v/f
ef/tsf 7"nf zx/df h:t}
g]kfndf klg rf}la;} 306f b]xJofkf/
x'G5 eGg] s'/f ;'Gbf kTofpg ufx|f]
knf{, t/ g]kfnsf] ko{6sLo gu/L
kf]v/fdf o:t} 5 . km/s olQ xf]
ef/tdf /]8nfO{6 Pl/of tf]lsPsf]
7fpFdf b]xAofkf/df ;+nUg o'jtLnfO{
Joj;fo ;~rfnsn] vl/b laqmL
u5{g, eg] kf]v/fdf Joj;foL /
o'jtL ldn]/ wGbf ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
kf]v/fsf] afUn' a;kfs{, hfNkf/f]8,

Go'/f]8, ;[hgfrf]s If]q, n]s;fO8

nufotsf If]qdf @$ ;} 306f
b]xAofkf/ x'g] u5{ .
To;f] t k|x/L k|zf;gnfO{
klg ToxfF b]xJofkf/ x'g] u/]sf] yfxf
gePsf] klg xf]Og . t/ lgoGq0f t
k/} hfcf]; k|x/L k|zf;gn] yfxf kfP
klg sfgdf t]n xfn]/ r'k nfu]/
a;]sf] 5 .
t/ of}gsdL{ dlxnfx? o;
k] z f rfxgf / OR5fn] geO{
afWotfjz nfu]sf] atfpF5g\ . sf]xL
>Ldfg\sf] ckx]ngf, sf]xL ul/jL clg
afFsL # k]hdf

labfdf /x]sf dlxnf of]4f / laleGg

sfd laz]ifn] aflx/ /x]sf klg
wdfwd c:yfoL lzlj/df kms{g
yfn]sf 5g\ . ;]gf ;dfof]hg /
k' g { : yfkgf ;DjGwL ePsf]
;dembf/Ln] sof}+ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
of]4f pT;flxt agfPsf] 5 . o;
sfo{nfO{ clwsf+zn] ;sf/fTds
eg]sf 5g\ eg] s]xL hgd'lQm ;]gfsf
of]4fn] o;nfO{ cfTd;d{k0fsf] ;+1fdf
lbb} cfPsf 5g . ;]gf ;dof]hgnfO{
cfTd;dk{0fsf] ;+1f lbg]sf]] ;+Vof
eg] lemgf] dfqfdf /x]sf] 5 .
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fxn]

hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;a} of]4f

;dfof]hgsf nflu o'jf k':tfsf] a9L
xfjL x'g]5 . @& aif{ pd]/eGbf
tnsf of]4fx ;dfof]hgsf nflu
laif]z k|fyfldstfdf kg]{5g eg]
dlxnfsf] ;+Vof k|df0fLs/0fdf hlt
lyP Tof] eGbf Psbd Go'g dfq
;dfof]hgdf hfg]5g . To:t} b]ze} /L
/x]sf ;ft} j6f l8lehgaf6 :j:y
/x]sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf ;+Vof hgd'lQm
;]gf ;dfof]hgdf hfg tof/ /x]sf]
hgd'lQm ;]gf >f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 .
;]gf ;dfof]hgdf hfg ;a} ;+Vof
of]Uo eP klg s]xL dfq ;]gfdf hfg
kfpg] lg0f{on] cfkm'nfO{ lg/f;
agfPsf] atfpb} ;ftf} l8lehg
ax' l j/ of] 4 f :d[ l t la| u ] 8 sf
sfo{jfxs sdf08/ bn l;+x gfy
of]uL eG5g zflGtsf nflu laif]z
;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{o k"0f{ kdf
kfngf ug]5
{ f}+ .
To:t} ;] g f ;dfof] h gdf
afFsL # k]hdf

jif{ ! c+s %, @)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= !(*)%(^)

k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e6\6/fO{sf]

g]jf/efiffdf ;+jf]wg
;DkfbsLo

/fHo k'g;{/+ rgf cfof]u

cGttM /fHo k'g;{/+ rgf cfof]u u7g ePsf] 5 .
/fHo k'g;{/+ rgf cfof]usf ;DaGwdf ;du| cWoog
u/L b'O{ dlxgfleq ;/sf/nfO{ k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] DofG8]6
5 . g]kfnsf] nflu gofF ;+ljwfg agfpg ;+ljwfg;efsf]
lgjf{rg eO{ o;n] sfd ul//x]sf] nfdf] ;do eof] .
o;sf] ;fy{stf eGg' gofF ;+ljwfgsf] dfq} xf] . t/
;efsf] Wofg cGt cGt} axlsg' g]kfnsf] b'ef{Uo g} xf] .
/fHo k'g;{/+ rgf cfof]u ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|so[ fsf] kl5Nnf]
ljsf; xf] . nfdf] ax; / ljjfbkl5 cGttM of] cfof]u
u7g ePsf] 5 .
gofF g]kfndf b[li6sf]0f klg gofF g} x'g' kg]{
t8\sf/f] cfjZostf xf] . gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf ckgfOg]
b[li6sf]0f ;a}sf] Pp6} gePsf] cj:yfdf ljleGg ljifox?
5nkmnsf ljifo ag]sf] xf] . tLdWo] Ps /fHo k'g;{/+ rgf
klg xf] . ;+ljwfgtM g]kfn ;+3Lotfdf hfg] t eof] t/
;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/ s] x'g] xf] eGg] ;DaGwdf Pp6}
b[li6sf]0f 5}g . o; cj:yfdf cfof]u g} u7g x'g'
k/]sf] xf] .
cfof]un] lg0f{o g} ug]{ geO{ /fHo k'g;{/+ rgf
;DjGwdf ;du| cWoog u/L ;/sf/nfO{ k|ltj]bg
a'emfpg] dfq} xf] . t/ cfof]udf lgo'Qm ;b:ox?sf]
k[i7e"ldn] klg efjL k|ltj]bg s:tf] cfpg] eGg] cg'dfg
ug{ ;lsg] ePsf] 5 . d]/f] uf]?sf] afx} 6Ssf eGg]
c8fg lng' x'Gg . Pp6f lgisif{df t k'Ug' g} kb{5 t/
Tof] lgisif{ ;dfwfgd'vL x'g' k5{, g ls GnfO{ cem
lgDTofpg] . b[li6sf]0fdf km/flsnf] t x'g} k5{ . cfkm\gf]
b'gf] ;f]em\ofpg] / c?nfO{ xf]Rofpg] k|jl[ Qn] cGttM
Gs} l;h{gf ub{5 . o; ljifodf 5nkmn ug}{ kg]{ kIf
g]jfM /fHosf] ;Ldf\sg xf] . o;cl3 k|:tfljt
g]jfM/fHosf] ;Ldf\sg j:t';+ut 5}g . hftLo
hg;+Vofsf] cg'kftdf klg ldNb}g . ;du|ddf x]bf{
Tof] b[li6sf]0f b'O{ kIfLo b]lvG5, Pp6f xr'jfsf] cWoog
/ csf]{ g]jf/ hflt dfly k"jf{ux| . o:tf] pbfx/0f cGo
kIfx?df klg b]Vg kfOG5 . oL s'/fx?df klg cfof]un]
Wofg lbg' kb{5 .
;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf w]/} kIf :ki6 eP/ s]xL kIfn]
c8\sfPsf] klg atfOG5 . o;/L c8\lsPsf ljifodf
/fHo k'g;{/+ rgf klg xf] . ca cfof]u u7gn] ;Gb]z
lbPsf] 5, of] klg ;'lNemg]5 . / gofF ;+ljwfg g]kfnL
hgtfn] kfpg] 5g\ .

jf:tjdf
uPsf] Gx"bF a]nf
g]jf/x? aLr cfP/
k|wfgdGqL 8f=
afa'/fd e6\6/fO{n]
g]jf/ efiffdf
af]Nbfv]/L dfq
g]jf/x?n]
ax'eflifs /fHosf]
dx;'; ug{ kfP

;'/z
] dfgGw/
g]kfn ;+jt !!#@ Gx"bFsf]
pknIodf o;kfnL v'nfd+rdf ePsf]
d"n sfo{jm| ddf k|dv
' kfx'gfsf ?kdf
cfpg' ePsf k|wfdGqL 8f= afa'/fd
e6\6/fO{n] g]jfM efiff -g]jf/efiff,
g]kfnefiff_ af6 ug{' ePsf] ;+jf]wg
g]jf/x? aLr tfl/km j cfnf]rgf b'O6}
ljifo eO/x]sf] 5 . cfnf]rgf u/]sf
dWo] s]xL n]vs ;fyLx?n] jxf+n] g]jf/
efiffaf6 efif0f ug{' ePsf] sf/0fn]
g]kfn ;+jt\ eg]sf] g]jf/x?sf] dfq
;+jt\ xf] e] ;Gb]z uof] egL l6Kk0fL
u/]sf] kfOof] . of] jf:tjdf uxg ?kn]
lrGtg ug{k' g]{ ljifo xf] . k|wfgdGqL
e6\6/fO{sf] efif0fnfO{ ;fob c? sltn]
oxL cfFvfn] x]/s
] f] x'g ;S5 . To;}n]
o; ;jfndf xfd|f] ;xL b[li6sf]0f x'g'
kg]{ clt cfjZos 5 . jf:tjdf
xfdLn] efiff ;dfgtfsf] ;jfndf
u/LcfPsf] cfGbf]ngsf] l:kl/6 ge'/]
o:tf] b[ l i6sf] 0 f lgd{ f 0f ePsf]
x'g;S5 .
;aeGbf klxnf t s;}n] klg
g]jf/ efiffaf6 ;+jf]wg ub{f v]/L dfq
g]jf/x?sf] nflu x'g ;Sb}g . To;df
klg k|wfgdGqL h:tf] dflg;n] u/]sf]
;+jf]wg h'g Pp6f ;d'bfosf nflu
dfq xf] e] x'g g} ;Sb}g . g]kfnL
efiffn] af]ns
] f] s'/f /fli6o x'G5, g]jf/
efiffn] af]Nof] eg] /fli6o x'bF g} e]
wf/0ff xfd|f] lbdfuaf6 lgsfn]/ k\mofSg'
kb{5 . k|wfgdGqL e6\6/fO{n] g]jf/
efiffaf6 ;+jf]wg u/]sf] sf/0f+ g]kfn
;+jt\ g]jf/x?sf] dfq eof] e'sf] cy{
g]kfn ;+jtnfO{ /fli6o ;+jt agfpg]
xf] eg] pxfFn] g]kfnLd} ;+jf]wg ug{' k5{
e] cfu|x u/]sf] eof] . of] xfd|f] lubLdf
c klg sfod eO/x]sf] gf]s/
dfgl;stf xf] . xfdLn] t of] bfjL ug{'
k5{ ls k|wfgdGwL xf]; jf sf]xL klg
;/sf/L kbflwsf/L / /fi6sf gfddf
;+jf]wg ug]{ s'g} klg /fli6o dxTjsf]
s'/f g]kfnL efiffaf6 dfq xf]Og g]jf/
efiffaf6 klg cleJoQm x'g' k5{ . g]kfn
;+jt /fli6o ;+at xf] e]sf nflu
g]kfnL efiffaf6 g} e' k5{ e] 5}g .
g]jf/ efiffdf af]n]/ klg g]kfn
;+jtnfO{ /fli6o ;+jt xf] e' x'G5 .
k|wfgdGqL g]kfnL efiffaf6 ;+af]wg
u/]g To;df ca g]kfn ;+jt\ /fli6o
;+jt ePg e] xf] eg] b]zsf] s'g}
klg ljifo /fli6o x'gs
' f] nflu g]kfnL
efiff g} k|of]u ug{' k5{ eg] xfdLn] g}

elg/x]sf] eof] . jf:tjdf xfd|f]

cfGbf]ng eg]sf] g]kfnL efiff af]ns
] f]
s'/f dfq /fli6o ePsf] x'bF g} . g]jf/
efiffdf af]ns
] f] s'/f klg /fli6o x'g'
k5{ e] xf] . efiff ;dfgtfsf cfGbf]ng
eg]sf] klg oxL g} xf] . ;a} efiff ;dfg
x'gk' 5{ e] of] cfGbf]ngsf] d"n pb]Zo
xf] . olb ;a} efiff ;dfg xf] eg] Pp6f
efiffn] af]ns
] f] s'/f /fli6o x'g] / csf]{
efiffn] af]ns
] f] s'/f hftLo x'g] eGg]
x'bF g} . hftLo k|zu+ df af]ns
] f] xf] eg]
h'g efiffn] af]n] tfklg hftLo g} x'G5
/fli6o k|;u+ df af]ns
] f] s'/f h'g;'s}
efiffn] af]n] tfklg /fli6o g} x'G5 .
g]kfnL efiffn] dfq af]Nbf /fli6o x'G5,
g]jf/ efiffn] af]Nbf g]jf/x?sf] dfq
x'G5 e] s'/f xfdLn] g} ug]{ xf] eg]
;a} efiff ;dfg x'g' k5{ e] xfdLn]
cfGbf]ng u/]sf] cy{ s] < g]kfn ;+jtsf]
;jfndf k|wfgdGqLn] h'g af]Ng' eof]
pQm af]Ngsf nflu pxf+n] g]jf/ efiff
k|of]u ug{' eof], g]jf/x?sf] nflu uj{sf]
s'/f xf] . t/ pQm lbg efif0fdf xfdLn]
Wofg lbg' kg]{ eg]sf] pxfsf] efiff xf]Og
efif0fsf] sG6]G6 xf] . pxfFn] g]kfn
;+jtnfO{ ;/sf/L Sofn]G8/df k|of]u
ug]{ g]kfn ;+jt k|of]u ug]{ ;DaGwdf
Pp6f cfof]u u7g ug],{ g]kfn ;+jtsf
k|jt{s z+vw/ ;fVjfsf] gfddf Pp6f
k|lti7fg u7g ug]{ e] h'g 3f]ifgf
ug{' eof] Tof] dxTjk"0f{ xf] . of] tLg j6}
3f]if0ff pxfFn] g]jf/x?sf] nflu dfq
ug{' ePsf] xf]Og . of] jxf+n] /fi6sf]
nflu u/]sf] 3f]ifgf xf] . g]jf/ efiffn]
;+jf]wg u/]sf] sf/0f+ pQmlbg pxfFn]
u/]sf] of] 3f]if0ff /fHon] kfngf ulb{g
e kfpFbg} .
k|wfgdGqL e6\6/fO{ b]zsf ;a}
efiff ;dfg xf] e] kIfjfbL xf] . Pp6f

dfq efiffnfO{ dfq ljz]if clwsf/

lbP/ csf]{ efiffnfO{ bf];f| ] bh{fsf] efiff
agfP/ /fVg] kIfdf x'gx' ' . b]zsf]
;a} efiff / hfltnfO{ /fHon] ;Qfdf
;dfg clwsf/ x'gk' 5{ e] pxf+n] bz
jif{ nfdf] hgo'4 ug{e' Psf] xf] . cfkm"n]
klxn]bl] v /fVb} cfPsf] of] dfGotfnfO{
Jojxf/df ;d]t b]vfpgsf] nflu g}
pxf+n] pQmlbg g]jf/x?n] u/]sf]
sfo{jm| ddf g]jf/ efiffn] g} ;+jf]wg
ug{' ePsf] xf] . JolQmut ?kn] t
pxfnfO{ xfdLn] g]jf/ efiff af]Ng' k5{
e] slxn] klg s/ ug{ ;Sb}gf},+ t/
Ps hgf k| w fgdGqLsf] ?kdf
g]jf/x?aLr cfpFbf g]jf/ efiff g} af]Ng'
k5{ e] cfu|x ug]{ xfd|f] clwsf/
;d]t xf] .
JolQmsf] ?kdf pxf+n] g]kfnL
Pp6f afx]s c? s'g} klg efiff ga'g\ '
xf]nf t/ k|wfgdGqLsf] ?kdf pxf+n]
g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ /fi6 efiff a'g\ ' k5{
pQm efiffaf6 af]ns
] f] s'/fnfO{ u|x0f
ug{ ;Sg' k5{, pQm efiffn] cfk\mgf]
cleJolQm lbg' ;Sg' k5{ . Ps
ax'eflifs d'ns
' sf] k|wfgdGqLdf x'g'
kg]{ /fli6o rl/q eg]sf] oxL xf] . b]zsf
;Dk"0f{ efiff /fHosf sfo{sf/L
k|wfgdGqLn] a'5
\ g\ e'sf] cy{
JolQmn] a's
] f] e] xf]Og, /fHon]
a's
] f] xf] . /fHon] t b]zdf ;a}
efiffaf6 af]Ng' k5{, b]zdf ;a} efiffn]
eg]sf] s'/f a'g\ ' k5{ . o;nfO{ g}
ax'eflifs /fHo elgG5 . jf:tjdf
Gx"bF ;df/f]xsf a]nf g]jf/x?sf] aLr
cfP/ k|wfgdGqL 8f= afa'/fd e6\6/fO{n]
g]jf/ efiffdf af]Nbf dfq xfdL
g]jf/x?n] klxnf]kN6 ax'eflifs /fHo
dx;'; ug{ kfof}+ . pQmlbg 8f=
e6\6/fO e] JolQm+n] g]jf/ efiff af]ns
] f]
xf]Og :jod /fHo cfP/ g]jf/ efiff
af]ns
] f] xf] . /fHo / g]jf/efiff aLr
x/fPsf] ;DaGwnfO{ k|wfgdGqL 8f=
e6\6/fO{n] hf]8g' ePsf] xf] . of]
uf}/jsf] s'/f dfq xf]Og, P]ltxfl;s
;Gbe{ klg xf] . slt s'/fdf sltkon]
ca e6\6/fO{n] b]zdf ;a} efiffdf
;+af]wg ug{ ;Snfg\ < egL k|Zg ug{
yfn]sf 5g\ . TolQa]nf xfdLn] hjfkm
lbg'k5{ ha;Dd pgL k|wfgdGqL
eO/xg5g\, Tolta]nf;Dd ;Sg' g}
k5{ .
-n]vs g]kfnefiffsf] b}lgs
;GWof6fOD;sf ;Dkfbs x'gx' G' 5,
;f]xL b}lgsdf k|sflzt n]vsf]
cg'jfb_

g]jf/ p4/0f
u'vf{ hflt -v;, du/ tyf
u'?_ g]kfnLleq kb{5, u'vf{ leq
g]kfnL c6fpFbg} . >L % k[YjLgf/fo0f
zfxsf g]tT[ jdf u'vf{ hfltn] To;
;dosf g]kfnL -g]jf/_ nfO{ ljho
u/]/ gofF /fHo agfP tfklg o;
g]kfnL hfltsf nlnt snfTds
;Eotf / ;+:s[ltaf6 k/flht eO{
sf7df8f}d
+ f /fhwfgL u/L :jod\
g]kfnL ag]sf lyP . o; t/x;+u
u'vf{x?sf] ;fF:s[lts k/fho /
g]kfnLsf ;fF:s[lts ljhon] of] g]kfnL
/fi6 ag]sf] xf] . -afa'/fd cfrfo{,
g]kfnsf] k|frLg d"n ;+:s[lt ;+:s[lt,
jif{ !, c+s ! -g]kfn ;fF:s[lts ;+3,

>Lk~rdL _
000
g]jf/ ;d'bfo tfdf, du/,
u' eg]h:tf] Pp6} g:n jf Pp6}
/utsf] hflt xf]Og . g]jf/leq cfo{
g:nsf x klg 5g\, d+uf]n d"nsf
klg 5g\, c:6f] b|fle8 d"nsf klg
5g\ . To;} u/L wd{cg';f/ klg
g]jf/x? ;a}sf] Pp6} wd{ 5}g . clg
g]jf/x? ;a}nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd ;+oQ
' m
;+:s[ltn] afFws
] f] ePklg wfld{s d"nsf]
;+:s[lt Pp6} xf]Og . g]jf/x?sf] ;+oQ' m
;DklQ cyf{t ;a} g]jf/x? ;a}nfO{
Psh'6 agfpg] dfWod efiff xf] . g]kfn
efiffefkL eGg' g} g]jf/ eGg' xf] .

g]jf/x? Pp6} efiffkl/jf/sf] hflt

xf] . oxL sf/0fn] g]jf/x?sf lglDt
efiff /x] hflt /xG5 eGg] egfOsf]
;fy{stf /x]sf] 5 . oxL sf/0fn] g]jf/
Ps hflt xf]Og, /fi6 xf] eGg] s'/fdf
klg ;Totf 5 . g]jf/ hfltsf] ljsf;
ePsf] 7fpF g]kfnd08n jf g]kfn
vfN8f] xf] . To;f] ePsf]n] g]jf/ hfltsf]
s'g} PsnfO{ k"jh
{ eGg' ;fGble{s
5}g . ljleGg d"nsf / ljleGg
hfltsf dfG5]x?sf] ;lDd>0f /
;fF:s[lts ;+of]hgn] g} g]jf/ hfltsf]
ljsf; ePsf] xf] .
-dfl0fsnfn >]i7, kln:yf,
k"0ff{s
\ ^_

jif{ ! c+s %, @)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

O{R5f hgfPsf 5g\ eg] yf]/} ;+Vofn]

b'j} hgf ;]gfdf hfg rfx]sf 5g\ .
;]gf ;dfof]hgdf >Ldfgx hfg]
ePkl5 sof} + s f >Ldltxn]
cfkm'x ;]gfdf ;dfof]hg guP/
3/ Aojxf/ rnfpg] atfPsf e5g\ .
;ftf}+ l8lehg ax'lj/ of]4f :d[lt
la|u]8df /x]sf a6flnog ;x
sdf08/ sf]lknfn] ;]gf ;dfof]hg
hfg O{R5f hgfPsf 5g\ . pgsL
>LdtL ;+uLtfn] cfkm\gf] Ps aRrf
eO{ ;s]sf]n] aRrf x]/larf/ u/]/
3/ Aojxf/ wfGg] atfOg\ .
To:t} hgd'lQm ;]gfdf >Ldfg
>Ldlt b'j} hgf sfo{/t /x]sf
of]4fxn] eg] ;dfof]hgdf hfg
b'jn
} ] O{R5f hgfPsf 5g . c5fdsf
;'lbk / pgsL >LdtL /fh'n] eg]
b'j} hgf ;]gfdf hfg tof/ /x]sf]
atfP . ;'lbk eG5g xfd|f] ;]gfdf
>Ldfg >Ldltsf] km/s km/s hfg] ;a} k|sf/sf] dfkb08 k"/f
u/]sf 5f}+ . To;}n] xfdL b'j} hgf
O{R5f
hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fxdWo] ;]gfdf hfg tof/ ePsf xf}+ .
>Ldfg >Ldlt b'j} ;]gfdf sfo{/t n8fs'df v';L / lrGtg
/x]sf 5g . ltgLx dWo] c+lwsf+;
d' n ' s lbg k| l tlbg
>Ldfgn] ;]gf ;dfof]hgdf hfg c:tJo:t aGb} uPsf] /

hfgsf nflu cfGtl/s kdf

hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;a} l8lehgn]
;a]{If0f u/]sf 5g\ . ;a]{If0fdf
hgd' l Qm ;] g fsf] slt ;+ V of
;dfof]hgdf hfg of]Uo 5, slt hgf
;dfof]hgsf nflu hfg O{R5's 5g\,
slt Kofs]h lng tof/ 5g\ / slt
:j} l R5s casfzdf hfg
rfxG5g\ eGg] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ ;a]I{ f0f
u/]klg slt s'g lng vf]H5g To;sf]
af/] v'nfOPsf] 5}g . hgd'lQm ;]gf
;ftf} l8lehgdf /x] s f]
k|dfl0fs/0fdf of]Uo /x]sf] # xhf/df
sl/j @ xhf/ hgd'lQm ;]gfsf of]4fn]
;dfof]hgdf hfg rfx]sf], Go'g
;+Vofn] Kofs]h lng rfx]sf], sltkon]
:j}lR5s cjsfz rfx]sf] af6flng
sdf08/ x:t axfb'/ zfxL -;'hg_
n] atfpg'eof] .

kmf]6f] M g]jfM 6fOD;

clGtd e]63f6

;+ljwfg;d]t aGg g;s]/ ;+ljwfg

;efsf] Dofb yKb} uO/x] s f]
cj:yfdf ;/sf/n] u/]sf] lg0f{ok|lt
hg;]gfx lgs} pT;flxt b]v]sf
5g\ . sltko hgd'lQm ;]gfn] cj
d'ns
' df lyrf]ldrf] gxf];,\ bnxdf
;'wf/ cfcf];\ / k'gM g]kfnL hgtfn]
xltof/ p7fpg gk/f]; eGg] cfzf
JoQm u/] . pgLxn] ;/sf/sf]
lg0f{o ;lx ePsf], cj zflGt k|lqmof
:yfkgfsf] af6f] v'ns
] f] atfP . ;]gf

;dfof]hgsf ljifodf cfkm"eGbf klg

o'4sflng cj:yfdf c+u e+u ePsf
xsf] ljifodf a9L lrGtf
b]lvG5 . clwsf+z hg;]gfxn]
/fHon] pgLxsf jf/]df :ki6 vfsf
Nofpg g;s]sf] atfP . c+ue+u
ePsfxsf] klxn] plrt
k'g:yf{kgf ug'{ kg]{ / /f]huf/L
Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ atfP . pgLxn]
cfkm"x ;dfof]hg geP;Dd s'g}
JolQm ljz]ifsf] geO{ kf6L{sf] ;]gf

/x]sf]n] JolQm;+u hf]8]/ x]g'{ unt

x'g] atfP . lzlj/df /x]sf sfv]
/ b' w ] afns lnPsf dlxnf
hg;]gfx eg] ;]gfdf hfg] OR5f
ePklg :jf:Yosf sf/0f hfg
gldNg] x'Fbf b'lvt ag]sf lyP .
pgLxn] :jf:Yodf ;d:of gcfpg]
eP cfkm"x klg ;]gf ;dfof]hg
x' g ] atfPsf lyP . tfnaGb
l8lehg cGt/ut em08} *))
dlxnf hg;]gfx 5g\ .

of}gsdL{xsf] r+un
' df ;'Gb/ kf]v/f
clzIffsf sf/0fn] dlxnfx? o;
k]zfdf nfu]sf x'g\ . o; k]zfdf
;+nUg dfofsf] !$ jif{sf] pd]/df
ljjfx ePsf] lyof] . lzlIft ePklg
>Ldfg\n] ue{df 5f]/L 5 eg]/ pgnfO{
3/af6 lgsfnL lbPsf lyP . t/
pgsf] ue{df 5f]/f lyof] . xfn pgL
cfkm\gf] 5f]/fsf] nfngkfngsf nflu
kf]v/fsf] Pp6f /]i6'/]i6df cfj4
l5g\ . d h:tf xhf/f} dlxnfx?
cfcfkm\ g f] afWotfn] o;/L
/]i6'/]i6df sfd ug'{ k/]sf] 5 pgL
elG5g\ xfdL sfd u5f}+ t/ ;dfhn]
>Ldfgn] 5f]8]sf] eg]kl5 g/fd|f]
gh/n] x]5{ . a9\bf] dxFuLnfO{
;fdfGo sfdsf] sdfO{ n ] y] U g
g;s]kl5 o; k]zfdf nfu]sf] pgL
atfpF l 5g\ . pgn] of} g k] z f
ckgfPsf] kfFr dlxgfdfq eof] . !)
dlxgfsf] 5f]/fsf ;fy pgn] b}lgs
of}gKof;L u|fxsx?sf] tLvf{ d]6fpg]
ul5{g\ .
kf]v/fdf b]x Aofkf/ ug]{
xf]6n / /]i6'/]G6x?sf] leqL ?kdf
;+u7g 5 . pgLx?sf] b//]6 klg
k|fo Pp6} lsl;dsf] 5 . ljxfg /
lbpF;f] Ps 306fsf nflu Pp6L
o'jtL lng]n] b'O{ ;o ?k}of dfq
lt/] k'U5 . k'/} Ps /ftsf nflu
o'jtL a'ls ug]{ xf] eg] slDtdf
Ps xhf/ ?k}of lbg' k5{ . lbpF;f]
Ps hgfsf nflu b'O{ ;o ?k}of
lnP/ b]xAofkf/ ug]{ o'jtLn] Ps
;o ?k}of kfpFl5g\ eg] k"/} Ps
/ft a;]jfkt pgn] kfFr ;o ?k}of
kfpFg] u/]sf] b]x Jofkf/df ;+nUg
Ps o' j tLn] atfO{ g \ . xf] 6 n
;~rfnsx?sf] klg oxL /]6 xf]
pgL elG5g\ t/ xf]6n ;~rfnsn]
sf]7f k|of]u u/] jfkt yk /sd
lnG5g\ .
k|x/L clwsf/Lsf cg';f/
kf] v /fsf] d' V o ko{ 6 sLo :yn
n]s;fO8sf !% b]lv @) j6f

xf]6nx? b]xAofkf/ u/fP/} rn]sf

5g\ . tL xf]6nx?n] cfkm} o'jtL
/fVb}gg\ t/ sf]7f lbG5g / s;}n]
rflxof] eg]df kmf]g u/]/ af]nfO{
lbG5g\ . k|x/L clwsf/L eG5g\
To:tf xf]6nn] sf]7fsf] kfFr ;o
?k}of / o'jtLsf] Ps xhf/ ?k}of
eg]/ !% ;o ?k}of lng] u5{g\ .
n]s;fO8eGbf aflx/sf xf]6nn] eg]
lbp;f] / ljxfgdf Ps 306f sf]7f
k|of]u u/]df Ps ;o ?k}of / /fte/
sf]7f lnPdf tLg ;o ?k}of lng]
u/]sf 5g\ .
of}g k]zfdf /xL /]i6'/G] 6df
sfd ug]{ csL{ dlxnf x'g\ ;? . xfn
pgL klRr; jif{sL pgL ljjflxt
x'g\ . b'O{ ;GtfgsL cfdf pgL elG5g\
PSnf] Hofg eP h] u/]/ klg kfNg]
lyP t/, cfkm\gf] /utsf] gftfnfO{
tf]8g\ g;s]/ xf]6ndf sfd ug{ afWo
ePsL x'F . dfof h:t} pgL klg
xf]6ndf nfu]sf] * dlxgf dfq ePsf]
5 . pgn] xf]6n
] n] cfkm"nfO{ dlxgfsf]
( xhf/ lbg] u/]sf] klg atfOg\ .
u|fxssf] dfu cg';f/ eg]sf] 7fpFdf
hfg] xf] eg] Tof]eGbf a9L x'GYof],
t/ xfdL hfF b } g f} pgL elG5g\
u|fxssf] dfu cg';f/ lx8\g] eP
lbg d} @ xhf/;Dd sdfpg
;lsG5, .
;?sf] k|d
] ljjfx ePklg #
jif{cl3 ;f}tf NofP/ pgLx?nfO{
gx]/]kl5 5f]/fx?sf] nfngkfng /
lzIfflbIffsf nflu of] k]zf c+ufn]sf]
pgL atfpFl5g\ . s]xL ;do dhb'/L
sfd u/]sf pgL elG5g\ dhb'/L
u/]sf] sdfO{n] sf]7f ef8f ltg{kg]{,
vfgf vfg'kg]{, 5f]/f5f]/L k9fpg'kg]{
gk'uk] l5 afWo eP/ of] k]zf /f]hs
] f]
x'F .
;?nfO{ cfkm\gf] gfd n]Vg klg
cfpFbg} . d}n] xb};Ddsf] sfd kfP
@ xhf/ @% ;o xf] . Tolt k};fn]
dnfO{ vfg klg k'Ub}g, clg s] ug]{

< pgL k|Zg ul5{g\ . pgn] cfk"mh:t}

kf]v/fdf o:tf] k]zfdf nfu]sf] w]/}
dlxnfx? /x]sf] atfO{g\ . pgn] of]
sfdn] cfkm\gf] hLjgdf gofF kl/jt{g
gcfpg] / ef]ln 5f]/fx? 7"nf ePkl5
cfkm}nfO{ 3[0ff ug]{ 5g\ eGg] s'/f
klg yfxf 5 . hLjg rnfpg ;Sg]
s'g} klg sfd kfOg pgL ylK5g\
5f]/fx?nfO{ k9fpg / Vjfpg k'Ug]
sfd ug{ kfP of] sfd ev{ / }
5f]l8lbGy] .
k'?ifn] h] u/]klg ;dfh r'k
/xG5 t/ dlxnfn] >d u/]/ cfkm\gf
;GtfgnfO{ kfngkf]if0f u/] klg of]
;dfhn] ;xg g;Sg] / s'/f sf6\b}
lx8\g] u/]sf] ;?sf] tLtf] cg'ej
5 . cfkm\gf >Ldfgh:tf k'?ifxn]
ubf{ dlxnfx? of] k]zfdf xf]ldg afWo
/x]sf] pgsf] wf/0ff 5 . dnfO{ o:tf]
sfd u/]sf] d]/f] cfkmGtn] yfxf kfP
eg] /fd|f] x'Fb}g, /ftel/ lgGb|f klg
nfUb}g logLx?s} af/]df ;f]Rbf;f]Rb}
pgn] slnnf cfkm\gf b'O 5f]/fnfO{
b]vfpFb} elgg\k9\g] a]nfsf @

5f] / fx?sf] k9fO{ n fO{ d vf] : g

rfxGg . ToxL k'?if h;n] bf];|f]
ljjfx u/]/ cfh dnfO{ of] cj:yfdf
NofO{ k'ofof] Tof] ;dfhdf /fd|f]
JolQmdf ulgG5, ;? elG5g\ xfdL
dlxnfx? cfkm\gf ;GtfgnfO{ ef]s}
/fVg g;s]/ o:tf] k]zfdf xf]ldg
afWo x'G5f} xfdL g} ;dfhdf sn+s
7xl/G5f} .
kf]v/fsf] afUn' a;kfs{df
dfq slDtdf kfFr j6f xf]6ndf
b]xAofkf/ x'G5 . kf]v/fleq k|ToIf
/ ck|ToIf ?kdf s/La kfFr bh{g
xf]6n tyf /]i6'/]G6 Jofj;flos
?kdf b]xAofkf/df nfu]sf] k|x/L
k|zf;gnfO{ yfxf 5 . s]6LnfO{
sfdbf/sf ?kdf /fVg kfOGg eGg}
ldNb}g k|x/Lx? eG5g\ . To:tf]
wGbfsf ;~rfnsx?n] k|x/L k|zf;g
tyf rf;f] /fVg] ;+3 ;+:yfnfO{ klg
df]6} /sd lbP/ wGbf l6sfO{ /fv]sf]
>f]tn] atfof] . k|x/LnfO{ klg
Joj;fodf ;+nUg Joj;foLn] /sd
lbg] u/]sf 5g\ .

afUn' 8 a;kfs{ s f Ps
:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] eg] /fHonfO{
s'g} s/ ltg{ gkg]{ b]xAofkf/af6
dgUu] kmfO{bf x'g] ePsfn] To:tf
Joj;foLn] k|z:t /sd v'jfpg
;S5g\ . t/ k|x/Ln] eg] k};f lnPsf]
c:jLsf/ u5{ .
;? / dfofsf] h:t} ldgf gfd kl/jt{g_ sf] klg cfkmg} syf
5 . ldgfnfO{ klg >Ldfg\n] 5f]l8
lbPsf x' g \ . 3/kl/jf/n] klg
3/af6 lgsfn] clg dfOtLn] klg
3/ u/]/ vfg ;lsg eg]/ cfpg}
lbPgg\ ldgf elG5g\ 3/ / dfO{t
b'j} 7fpFaf6 x]nf kfPkl5 d of}g
Joj;fodf nfu]sf] x'F . pgn] cfkm\gf]
s'/f 3/ / dfO{t s;}n] g;'Gg]
u/]kl5 afWo eP/ 3/ 5f8\g' k/]sf]
b'v];f] kf]lvg\ . d}n] c? k]zf klg
c+ufNg vf]hs
] L lyPF, PSnL dlxnfnfO{
3/ ef8fdf klg glbg], lbPklg
;dfhn] g/fd|f] s'/f ug]{ u/]sf] pgL
elG5g\ . pgL b]x Jofkf/df nfu]sf]
b'O{ jif{ k'Uof] .

jif{ ! c+s %, @)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

g]jf/ e"ldsf kdf g]kfnd08n

g]kfefiff syf

aDa}sf] sf]7Ldf
/fhf zfSo

/ftf] afbn cfsf;df

u'lN6/x]sf] 5, ev{/} nufOlbPsf] ;kmf
n'uf nufP/ /ftf] df6f] kf]ltPsf] e'Od{ f
3l;|b+ } aRrfx? /f]OlbP h:tf] . vf]nfdf
n'uf wf]P/ kmls{/x]sL u|fld0f o'jtL
em}+ ;"o{ ;d'ba| f6 lj:tf/} dfly pbfpFb}
u/]sf] 5 . 7Ls7Ls}sf b'Or
{ f/ j6f
8' + u fx? hfqf x] / ] / kmls{ / fv] s L
If]qLgLnfO{ lh:SofPh:t} /l;of uLt
ufpFb} cfcfkm\gf] k|efj kfg{ x'UnL
gbLsf] b[io /Tgkfs{sf o'jfo'jtLx?
h:t} r~rn eO/x\of] . cl3lNt/sf
dlGb/xdf cfd/f] jfgf], cfdf/f]
afgf] eGb} s/fO/fv]sf] :t'lt uLt
h:t} u'lGh/x\of] . o;/L snsQfsf]
Pp6f xf]6nsf] sf]7faf6 6f9f ePklg
cl3lNt/} b]lvPsf] x'UnL gbL;Fusf]
n;k;df x/fO/fv]sf] d, k5fl8sf]
cfjfhn] d eml:sPF .
afa'hL Ps ax't cfR5] efn'
ldnf x} . rn]u+ ] g cfh <
c;d'r efn' cfR5] x} <
d]/f] ;fyLsf] cfjfh klg
lgl:sxfNof] . cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ /ftf] kfb}{
oL b'j}sf] cg'xf/ x]b}{ u/]+, Pp6L
l5lNnPsL o'jtLn] lv;L6\o/" L ub}{
lh:SofO/x] h:tf] . n+u/" a'hf{df a"h{
lnPh:t} ;fyLn] dl;t} ;f]Wof] .
nf} hfg] xf]Og < lxhf] o;nfO{
VofnVofndf dfq} eg]sf], cfh t
;fFRr} vf]h/] } NofP5 .
x]/ efO, d t gfOF . efO/fd
bfO / lblnkx?nfO{ nfUg", d t gfO{F .
b[9 x'bF } eg]sfn] xf]nf ;fyLn]
sjfkmdf x8\8L ;Dem\of] .
hfg] eP ;a} hfg] . ltdL
Ps hgf dfq c;n dfG5] eP/ a:g
;fyLefO{sf] aLrdf ldNb}g .
;fyLsf] srsrn] dnfO{ klg
emsf]{ nfUof] .
xf] O g, ltdLx? rflxF b f]
grflxFbf] larf/ gug"{ . dnfO{ ljZjf;
ug",{ d s;}nfO{ elGbg .
d]/f] of] s'/f ;'g/] ;fyLx?
;lsPsf] cfuf] h:t} lzlyn eP .
xf]6nsf] sf]7fdf ;/;kmfO ug]{ cwj};]
AjfO klg xfd|f] s'/fsfgL a'em]sf] h:tf]
u/L af]Nof] .
cfknf]u hfgf glx+ rfxftf x}
tf] 7Ls x} . sf]O aft glx+ x} .
AjfOsf] s'/fn] ;fyLnfO{ a]dHhf
nfUof] ls s'GgL, lbO;s]sf] arg lkmtf{
glng] lx;fan] af]Nof] .

glx+ glx+ glxF ! xd nf]u h?/

cfh hfo]u+ ] . cfh /ftsf] hfo]u+ ]
t'Dxf/L ;fy, 7Ls x} <
xfdLn] xfd|f] hLjgnfO{ slxn]
Go" dfs]6{ df t slxn] 8nxf}hL /f]8sf]
nLudf kfOnf rfln/fVof}+ . SnfOa
/f]8sf] 5]pdf 7]; nfu] h:t} ev{/sf]
o'jtL uf}g ;f8L nufO/fv]sL a|fDx0fL
cg'xf/sf] Pp6L o'jtL nDk;f/ k/]/
d/]sf] zj b]lvof] . d em:s]+ . cf7
bz xft k/ Pp6f b/f]uf xftdf n7\7L
lnP/ ;'/Iffy{ al;/fv]sf] lyof] .
a6'jfx? 6f9}af6 af6f] ttfO/fx],, jf:tf
g} g/fvL . xfdL t sf7df8f}d+ f s]xL
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kl//fv]sf] 5 .
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a]ns
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kfs{df xfd|f] kfOnf nlDsof] .
l/S;fjfnx rfs' d f lem+ u f
elGsPh:tf] xfdLnfO{ 5f]Kg cfOk'u] .
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uof}+ . kfnfSs lklnSs aln/fv]sf]
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bf}l8/x\of] . slxn] r'/r
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k;nx?sf] nfOg . blngdf ;fk|fx?
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a]Rb} ubf{ h:t} ugfpg] plQs} . af6f]

nfdf] /x] 5 . 6+ s ] Z j/sf] ahf/
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ub}{ /f]lsof] .
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rf]s;Dd hf]l8Psf] Pp6f nfdf]
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xfpefp k9\g dg nfUof] . t/ pgLx?nfO{
s] k9\g,' pgLx? cfkm}n] k9\g lbO/fv]
h:tf] v'Nnf . ufnf kf]n/] cfof] . ;'ss
] f]
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eof] d]/f] . ;fyLx?n] cfkm"nfO{ dg
k/]sfx Pp6L Pp6L u/L 5fg]/ nu] .
af6f]df l7+u ple/xFbf dnfO{ Pp6Ln]
;fFRr} tf/0f /fv]h:tf] u/L tfg]/ nuL] .
d}n] cfkm\gf] c:jLs[lt klg hgfpg
;lsgF . sd]/f] nufO/fv]sf] Pp6f sf]7fdf
aLrsf] uf/f]df hf]l8g] u/L /fv]sf]
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vf6 . vf6df ;kmf ;]tf] tGgf / kbf{
b]v/] dnfO{ Pp6f ;fyLsf] sf]7fsf]
;Demgf eof] . clnslt klg e2fkgf
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sf]7fdf rfFk nufP/ gflr/fv]sf] h:tf]
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dg nfu]g, s] u/f}+ s] u/f}+ eof] .
p;nfO{ ToxfFaf6 efUg dg
nfU5 . af/Lsf] xfjf;Fu 3'Dg dg
nfU5 . kxf8sf] xfjfl;t ;fOgf] hf]8g\
dg nfU5 . lIflthdf jf; a:g dg
nfU5 . t/ Tof] ljj;, lk+h8fdf
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el/P/ cfof] . cfsf;, k[YjL /

lIflthel/ cfkm\gf] /fHo sfod ug{

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a]nf em;u x'g] u/L crfgs cfjfh
cfof] .
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x} . jx afx/ v8f x} .
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cfO{ rf/ ?k}of dfU5 .
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alS;; lbgnfO{ eg]/ km]l/ dfuL .
ca t kfOtfnfb]lv g} /L; p7]/
cfof] .
lstgf k};f rflxP t'Dx] . P];f
t+u s/gf cR5f glx+ x} . O; t/x
u|fxs nf]uf]s
+ f] b'Mv b]gf a'/f sfd
x} .
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s] aDs],+ p;n] klg plQv]/} Pp6f
la8L ;NsfP/ ;'O;
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dnfO{ jfs\jfsL g} cfof] . p;nfO{
d]/f] hLpdf 5'g glbO{ cln k/ x6]/
d cfkm}n] n'uf km'sfNg yfn]+ . p;n]
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km'sfn]/ vf6df kN6]nuQ} la+8Lsf]
w'jF f p8fpFb} s'/f lgsfNg yfnL .
cfk bz ?k}of d'em] alS;;
lblhPuf tf] d} + cfksf] ax' t
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x]b{} cd/fjtLnfO{ Ogf/df v;fn]/
gSsnL /fhs'df/L x'g vf]h]sLn]
dnfO{ ;Gt'i6L lbg] < t}klg dnfO{
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lj:tf/} p;sf] gfd ;f]w+] . cln ems]/{

hjfkm lbO{ .
;fo/f afg' .
s:tf] g;'xfpFbf] gfd . p;sf]
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l;nfO/fv]sf] kfOG6 h:tf] eof] . p;n]
Ps b'O{ c+uh
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sf/0f d}n] c+uh
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How much you have
studied miss?
p;n] luNnf u/] em}+ u/]/ hjfkm
lbO{ .
xdf/f tf] af]l8{ eL oxL+ x}
cf}/ nlh eL oxL+ x} .
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t];f{PF .
t'Dxf/f sf]xL gxL+ x} <
p;n] k'Ug] u/L hjfkm kmsf{O{ .
oxL xdf/f b'lgof x} .
sf]6o\ fO{ sf]6o\ fO{ ;f]lw/fv]sfn]
p;nfO{ emsf]{ nfUof] ls s'GgL, af]nL .
sfd s/f] cf}/ hfcf] . d]/f
lbdfu dt vfcf] .
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a]dHhf nfUof] . d]/f] cg'xf/ slt
/ftf] eof] s'GgL, a|f lagfsf] pgsf]
gf\uf] z/L/df d]/f] cfFvf k'Uof] .
p;sf] z/L/df d]/f] cfFvf u'Rrfh:t}
u'lN6/x]sf] a]nf p;sf] k]6df bfofFafofF
nfdf] nfdf] 3fpsf] /]vf b]v+] . Tof]
3fpsf] /] v fx?df d] / f] cfF v f
clNem/fv]s} a]nf ;fo/f afg' crfgs
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hfcf] .
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rf]/ kqm]h:tf] d em;\u ePF . p;sf]
3fpsf] bfu / :jefj b]v/] cdnlkQ
3fF6L;Dd k'uh
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nDk;f/ k/]/ dl//x]s
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vfkf h:t} tftf] xfjf lgsfnL lztn
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x]bf{xb] {} d aflx/ k'u,+] /ftf] ;"o{ 8fF8fkfl/
lanfPsf] cfuf]sf] d':nf]h:t} .

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jofRj+u' b' .

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dfl;s ;a} kfOG5 .

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Yj x] dfM wsfM wfo] d;M .
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lhtM lGxkf}, jfMkf}, no\kf}

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hLjgn] ult lnO;s]sf] lyof] . o;
wfld{s ;Dk|bfon] sLlt{k/' df uh
xfn]kl5 ;f]xL;Fu ;DjlGwt hfqfx
klg rnfpg' :jfefljs s'/f xf] . nfv]
SjMy}u' syf klg kl5 dfq} hf]l8Psf]
x'g' w]/} ;+ej 5 . of] lsDjbGtL dfq}
xf] t;y{ o;nfO{ P]ltxfl;s k"0ff{s
\ L
gegL lsDabGtLs} ?kdf k|:t't ul/g'
kb{5 . lsDjbGtL syfx klg cd"t{
;fF:s[lts ;DkbfcGtu{t g} kb{5 .
g]jfM 6fOD;

kf/ldtf k| w fgf
emfGgsf] nfluM
lhDa" clnslt, lh/f u]8f
!@ lrof rDrf, /ftf] v';f{gL l;+uf]
5 j6f, a];f/ !$ lrof rDrf,
t]n ! 6]an rDrf .
ksfpg] ljlwM
k|];/ s's/df t]n ttfP/
a];f/ cf]O/L;s]kl5 df;' /fv]/
e'6g\ ] . df;'sf] /ftf]kgf ;a} uPkl5
n;'g cb'jfsf] k]i6 /fv]/ Psl5g
e'6L;s]kl5 ;Dk"0f{ d;nf /fv]/
rnfpg] / kfgL ;f9] b'O{ ln6/ /fv]/
ksfpg], ha;Dd 5fnf uNb}g .
kvfn]/ t]ndf e'6]sf] df5f
df;'df ld;fP/ !) ldg]6 dw'/f]
cfFrdf ksfpg] . sfutLsf] /;
ld;fpg] . df;'sf] ;"k cGbfhL ;f9]

Ps ln6/ hlt afFsL geP;Dd

ksfpg] / ;]nfpg 5f]8g\ ] . Psl5g
;]nfPkl5 eP df6f] jf lzzfsf] efF8f]
geP l:6nsf] af6fdf ;"k vGofpg] .
Pp6f Kofgdf t]n ttfP/ hL/f,
lhDa", v';f{gL km'/fP/ a];f/ xfNg]
/ ;"kdfly emfGg] . !@ 306f hlt
TolQs} /fv]kl5 hD5 . ca vfgsf]
nflu tof/ eof] .
gf]6M of] kl/sf/ ljz]if u/]/
hf8f] df};ddf tof/ ul/G5 . o;
kl/sf/df xl/of] /+u b]vfpg ;fusf]
kft xfn]/ ksfpg] / kl5 ;fu
lgsfng] k|rng klg 5 . ljz]iftM
g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] of] k/Dk/fut
kl/sf/ 7fpFcg';f/ leGgfleGg}
ljlwaf6 klg ksfOG5 .

kf]v/fsf k|l;4
;+ u Lt1, snf /
;+:s[ltsf ;+/Ifs Pj+
efiff;] j L ;j{ 1 dfg
k| w fgf\ u sf] ut
cfOtjf/ Ps ;df/f]xsf
aLr afv+ ba" gfds
g] k fnefiffsf] Ps
;flxlTos ;+ : yfn]
;Ddfg u/] s f] 5 .
kf]v/fsf] e}/j6f]nl:yt
e}/j ;fF:s[lts ;+/If0f
;ldltsf] ejgdf
cfof]lht ;f] sfo{qmdsf
nflu sf7df8f} + a f6
;flxTosf/x? k'u]sf
lyP .
g]kfnefiff ;flxTodf syf ljwfsf] ljsf;sf nflu cufl8 a9\b}
u/]sf] afv+ ba"n] sf7df8f}+df dfq geO{ b]zsf ljleGg 7fpFdf 3'DtL
syf uf]i7Lx? ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . ba"sf cWoIf nId0f /fhj+zLsf
cg';f/ ba"sf] d'Vo p2]Zo syf ljwfsf] ljsf; ePklg cu|hx?nfO{
;Ddfg ug]{ / pxfFx?af6 cflzif lng] k/Dk/f ePcg';f/ of] ;Ddfg
sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] .
cWoIf nId0f /fhj+zLsf] ;efkltTjdf ePsf] ;f] ;Ddfg
sfo{qmddf k|dv
' cltyLsf ?kdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf]v/fsf GofofwLz
ljZjDe/ k|;fb >]i7n] kfg;df bLk k|Hjng u/L ;Ddflgt JolQmTj
k|wfgsf] clegGbg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . o;/L g} ;Ddflgt JolQmTj
k|wfgf\unfO{ sf7df8f}+af6 k'u]sf ;flxTosf/x?n] vfbf cf]9fpg'sf
;fy} cfkm\gf s[ltx? pkxf/ r9fPsf lyP eg] afv+ ba"n] a]tfnLn]
u'F7L bf];Nnfn] cf]9fO{ ;Ddfg u/]sf] lyof] .
;f] sfo{qmddf af]Nb} k|d'v cltyL GofofwLz >]i7n] ljleGg
sf/0fn] dft[efiffaf6 al~rt x'g' k/]klg o:tf] sfo{qmddf ;l/s x'g
kfpFbf cfkm\gf] hft / dft[efiffsf ;DjGwdf w]/} hfgsf/L kfPsf] eGb}
v'zL JoQm ug'{ eof] .
o;cl3 ;Ddfg sfo{qmdsf nflu sf7df8f}+af6 k'u]sf] ;d"xn]
cfOtjf/ a]n'sf g} kf]v/fl:yt :jf:Yo lzIff tflnd s]Gb|sf] ;ef
sIfdf Ps syf uf]i7Lsf] klg cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . ;f] uf]i7Ldf
syfsf/x? /fhf zfSo, ;/:jtL t'nfw/, nId0f /fhj+zL, uf]ljGbdfg
>]i7, z/b s;fM, s]bf/ l;t', a'4 g]jfM, Zofd cfzf, ltns sfo:y,
s[i9feQm af]8,] eutbf; >]i7, ;'lhtf dxfh'nufotn] cf\cfkm\gf syfx?
jfrg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf syf ;flxTosf ;DjGwdf cGtlqm{of
klg ePsf] lyof] .

jif{ ! c+s %, @)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

ckmufgL dlxnfsf] clwsf/df r'gf}tL

bf] x f ckmuflg:tfgdf
sfo{/t a]nfotsf b'Oj{ 6f ;xfotf
Ph]G;Ln] ljut bz jif{df lgs}
;kmntftkm{ pGd'v ePsf] ckmufgL
dlxnfsf] clwsf/ km]l/ Psk6s

;\s6df kg{ yfn]sf] hgfPsf 5g\ .

cS;kmfd / PS;gP8n]
u/]sf] cWoogdf ckmuflg:tfgdf
t}gfy cGt/f{li6o ;}lgsxsf] lkmtL{
/ tflnjfgL zlQmx;F u sf]

/fhgLlts ;f} b fafhLsf sf/0f

ckmufgL dlxnfnfO{ /fhgLlts
cfwf/df sdhf]/ cj:yf cfOk/]sf]
hgfOPsf] 5 .
cS;kmfdsf] k| l tj] b gsL
;xn] l vsf n' O ; xfgssn]
tflnjfgLx ;QfRo"t ePkl5sf bz
jif{df ckmuflg:tfgdf dlxnfsf]
clwsf/df w]/} k|ult ePsf] cn
hlh/fnfO{ atfOg\ . ljutdf s]
ePsf] lyof] / s] ug'k{ 5{ eGg] s'/fdf
;f]rljrf/ ug]{ ;do cfPsf] pgn]
atfOg\ .
ljBfno hfg] pd] / sf
cfwfeGbf a9L s]6Lx cyf{t\ @&
nfv s]6Ln] lzIffsf] cj;/ kfPsf
5g\ . cS;kmfdsf lglDt lzIffdf
ePsf] of] a9\bf] kx'Fr tflnjfgL
zf;gsfnsf] kfFr jif{df eGbf lgs}
a9]sf] b]lvPsf] lyof] . tflnjfgLn]
s]6Lxsf] lzIffnfO{ k"0f{tM lgif]w
u/]sf lyP .
/fhgLlts kdf /fli6o
;+;bsf] em08} @* k|ltzt :yfg
dlxnfsf nflu k|fKt 5 . cf/If0fsf
sf/0f dlxnfsf] ;\Vof ;+;bdf
a9]sf sf/0f ;+;bdf dlxnfsf]
;\Vofsf cfwf/df ckmuflg:tfg
ljZjd} em08} ;a}eGbf cu|0fL /fi6df
cfpF5 .
t/, cS;kmfdsf] k|ltj]bgdf

;+rf/ dfWoddf 5fPsL ;'sL

of+ug' . Dofgdf/sf klqsf /
Dofu]lhgsf] d'Vo k[i7b]lv lnP/
x/] s 6] l nlehg sfo{ q mddf
k|hftGqjfbL g]t[ cf;f ;'sLs}
tl:a/ / ;dfrf/n] :yfg kfpg
yfn]sf] 5 .
of+u'g ;fKtflxs hg{nsf
jl/i7 ;Dkfbs sf] lngn] eg],
klqsfsf] Joj;fo /fd|f] x'g'df oL
dlxnfsf] xft dxTjk" 0 f{ 5 .
Dofgdf/ ;/sf/n] clxn]
;~rf/dfWodnfO{ s]xL v'nfkg
lbPsf] 5 / o;s} kmfObf lnOPsf]
pgn] atfP . lng eG5g\, klxn]
xfd|f] ^ xhf/ skL ahf/df hfGYof]
eg] clxn] !) xhf/eGbf a9L hfg]
u/]sf] 5 .
k| h ftGqjfbL g] t [ ;' s Ln]
;f]daf/ o; jif{ ;+;bsf nflu x'g]
pkr'gfjdf pDd]bjf/L lbg] k'li6
u/]sL 5g\ . of] lg0f{on] Dofgdf/sf
hgtfdf d'n'sdf ;'wf/ x'g] cfzf

a9] s f] 5 . cfwf ztfAbL;Dd

Dofgdf/ ;]Go ;/sf/sf] lj/f]w
u/]sf] uLt, lstfa, sf6'g{ / snfdf
;]G;/ x'g] u/]sf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs

;a} k|sf/sf kmf]6f]skL d]l;gx? vl/b ug'{

k/]df tyf kmf]6f]skLsf kf6{;x\ ?nufot
clkm; ;fdu|Lsf nflu ;Dks{ /fVg'x[ f];\ .

:yfgdf ;'sLsf] gfd lgs} sddfq

lng] ul/GYof] . gf]a]n ljh]tf ;'sL
!% jif{ gh/aGbdf /lxg\ . ut jif{
gf]e]Da/ dlxgfdf pgL l/xf ePsL

;"rgf
pRr lzIff kl/ifb\ ;fgf]
lydLaf6 ;fgf]lydL SofDk;
;Dd hfbf sdnf d}gfnLsf]
dfOu|;] g ;lxt cGo
sfuhkqx? ePsf] Jofu
x/fPsf]n] kfpg' x'g]
dxfg'efjx?n] lgDg 7]ufgfdf
lkmtf{ ul/lbg' ePdf plrt
k'/:sf/ k|bfg ul/g]5 .
;Dks{

sdnf d}gfnL
kmf]g g+=M (*$!#%!$@)

ckmuflg:tfgdf a9\bf] lx+;fsf sf/0f

dlxnf clwsf/sf If]qdf cfufdL
lbgx Tolt ;xh gx'g] ;\s]t
b] l vPsf] hgfOPsf] 5 .
c;' / Iffaf6 ;a} e Gbf a9L
hf]lvddf kg]{ dlxnf g} x'G5g\ eGg]
wf/0ff /fVg] xfgssn] lx+;fsf sf/0f
ckmuflg:tfgsf Ps s/f]8 %)
nfveGbf a9L dlxnfnfO{ g}
hf]lvddf kfg]{ atfpFl5g\ .
cfufdL bz jif{df xfd|f]
hLjg s:tf] xf]nf < ckmufgL
dlxnfsf] hLjg klxNo} sl7g
eO/x] s f] 5, cS;kmfdsf]
k|ltj]bgsf ;xn]lvsf cf]hf{nf
c;|fkm g]dftn] atfOg\ . sfg'gL
b[li6sf]0faf6 k|lti7fsf] nflu x'g]
xTof / afn ljjfx lj/f]wL sfg'gsf]
sfof{ G jogdf ;d:of cfpg]
b]lvO;s]sf] 5 .
k| l tj] b gdf *& k| l tzt
dlxnf zf/Ll/s, of} g jf
dgf]j}1flgs lx+;f jf hah{:tL
ljjfxaf6 k|tfl8t eO/x]sf] hgfOP
klg of] sfg'gnfO{ #$ j6f k|fGtdWo]
!) j6fdf dfq sfof{Gjog ul/Psf]
5 . o; kl/0ffdn] 7"nf ;x/ /
u| f dL0f If] q df a;f] a f; ug] {
dlxnfaLr b]lvPsf] 7"nf] lje]bsf]
vfN8f]nfO{ k|i6 u/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf
pNn]v 5 .
lyOg\ .
;'sLsf] kf6L{ g]zgn lnu km/
8]df]qm];L -PgPn8L_sf k|jQmf Gofg
ljgn] kqsf/nfO{ eg], xfd|L g]t[
cf ;f ;' s Ln] pkr' g fjdf
pDd]bjf/L lb+b} 5g], t/ clxn] g}
pgL s'g If]qaf6 r'gfjdf pDd]bjf/L
lblG5g eg]/ eGg ldNb}g .
PgPn8Ln] ;g\ !(()df
cfdr'gfjdf 7"nf] hlt xfl;n u/]sf]
lyof], t/ Dofgdf/sf] ;}Go zf;sn]
lgjf{rgsf] of] kl/0ffdnfO{ c:jLsf/
ub}{ b]zdf ;}Go zf;g nfu" u/]sf]
lyof] . To;kl5 ;'sLnfO{ pgs}

k|ltj]bgn] xldb sf/hfO{sf]

k| z f;gn] /fhgLlts nfesf]
abnfdf dlxnfsf] clwsf/nfO{
ltnf~hnL lbg] h:tf] k|jl[ Q b]vfkg'{
lrGtfhgs /x]sf] cf}+NofPsf] 5 .
;g\ @))( df l;of kl/jf/ sfg'gdf
x:tfIf/ u/] k l5 sf/hfO{ d fly
cGt/f{li6o hutaf6} tLj| bafa
k/] s f] lyof] . o; sfg' g df
anfTsf/nfO{ j}wtf lbOPsf] cf/f]k
dfgjclwsf/ ;d"xxn] nufpFb}
cfPsf 5g\ .
b]zleq / aflx/af6 rf}tkmL{
bafa k/]kl5 sf/hfO{ ;f] sfg'gnfO{
;+zf]wg ug{ afWo ePsf lyP . pgn]
sfg'gdf ;d]l6Psf k|fjwfgk|lt
cfkm"nfO{ Tolt hfgsf/L gePsf] eGb}
Ifdf dfu]sf lyP .
aflnsfx cWoog ug] {
ljBfnodfly lg/Gt/ cfqmd0f
eO/xg] / tflnjfg lgolGqt
If]qxdf dlxnfxsf] lxF8\8'ndf
lgs} cj/f] w ePsfn] ljb| f ] x L
;d" x x;F u dlxnf clwsf/sf
ljifonfO{ ;f}bfafhL ug{] OR5f
sf/hfO{ ;/sf/n] b]vfpg yfn]sf]
eGb} clwsf/sdL{xn] lrGtf k|s6
ul//x]sf 5g\ .
ckmufgL dlxnfx zflGt
rfxG5g\, xfdLnfO{ km]l/ 3/leq}
yGSofpg] lsl;dsf] zflGtsf] s]xL
cy{ 5}g, g]dft elG5g\ .
;+jfbbftf
-cfO{=kL=P;\=Pg\=kL=cfO{_
3/leq gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] lyof] .
;'sLsf] kf6L{n] ut ;ftf /fhgLltdf
lkmtf{ cfpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] .
Dofgdf/df clxn] klg ;Qf d'Vo
?kaf6 ;]gfsf] xftdf /x]sf] 5, t/
;/sf/n] ;'wf/sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] 5 .
;'wf/sf] 3f]iff0ffkl5 cd]l/sfn]
ljb] z dGqL lxnf/L lSnG6gnfO{
Dofgdf/sf] e|d0fdf k7fpg] 3f]if0ff
ul/;s] s f] 5 . %) jif{ k l5
klxnf]k6s cd]l/sL ljb]zdGqL
Dofgdf/sf] e|d0f ub}{l5g\ .
/f]o6;{

jif{ ! c+s %, @)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= !(*)%(^)

&

Hofk' zAbsf] cy{ / P]ltxfl;stf

a;Gt dxh{g
g]jf/ ;d'bfoleqsf cg]s
hftLo ;d"xx?df Hofk" klg Ps xf] .
;+VofTds / u'0ffTds kdf o;
hfltsf] cx+ dxTj ePsf] s'/fdf b'O{
dt gxf]nf . ;fdflhs lyrf]ldrf,]
cfly{s tyf r]tgfsf] cefjsf sf/0f
t'ngfTds kdf cGoeGbf kL5l8g'
k/]sf] o; hfltnfO{ s'g} a]nf x]ob[li6n]
x]l/GYof] . t/ ;dfhsf ljlzi6
JolQmTjxn] cfkm\gf] gfd;Fu} of] zAb
em'08\ofpg yfn] kl5 / )$^ ;fnsf]
/fhgLlts kl/jt{ g kl5sf
;+3;+:yfx?n] o; zAbsf] ;j{q k|of]u
ugf{n] aNn Hofk" zAbn] Jofkstf
kfpg' s f ;fy} nf] s lk| o tf klg
sdfPsf] b]lvG5 .
;dosf] kl/jt{ g n] o;
;d'bfosf JolQmx? klg w]/} If]qdf
5l/g k'us
] f 5g\ / tt\tt\ If]qdf
sfo{ s'zntfsf ;fy} cfkm\gf] cl:tTj
klg b]vfpg ;kmn ePsfn] Hofk"
;d'bfok|lt x]l/g] b[li6sf]0fdf kl/jt{g
cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;nfO{ Hofk" ;d'bfon]
lnPsf] km8\sf] jf o'ufGtsf/L 36gfsf]
kdf lng ;lsG5 . t/ klg cGo
;d'bfodf dfq geO{ :jo+ pRr kb:y
tyf u0odfGo Hofk" JolQmTjxdf
g} klg of] Hofk" zAbsf ;DaGwdf
e|d /x]sf] kfOG5 . k|:t't n]v o;}
zAbsf] ;]/f]km]/f]df /xL s]xL lrGtg
dgg ul/G5 .

Hofk" zAbsf] Jo'TklQ / cy{

s'g} klg zAbsf] cy{ To;sf]
Jo'TklQdf lglxt x'G5 . cy{lj:tf/
jf ;+s'rgsf qmddf dfq Jo'TklQ
df}g a:g] u5{ . Hofk" zAbsf
af/]df oxfF y'k}| n]lvPklg o;sf]
Jo'TklQsf af/]df ;Gtf]ifhgs kdf
3flTnPsf] kfOGg . o;sf] Jo'TklQsf
;DaGwdf eGbf cy{df g} a9L
cndlng] u/]sf] kfOG5 . / clwsf+z
-Hofk" tyf u}/ Hofk" n]vsx_ n]
cYof{pg] u/]sf] Pp6f cy{ xf], Hof
eg]sf] sfd / slxNo} sfd g;lsg]
;Fw}+ a]k"m;{lbnf /xg] sd{zLn hflt
ePsf]n] o; ;d'bfonfO{ Hofk"
elgPsf] xf] . To;cg';f/ Hofk"sf]
k" cIf/ k"/f sf] ;+lIfKt k
dflgPsf] a'lemG5 t/ hfltjfrs
zAbsf] Osf/ jf psf/ bL3{ /fVg]
g]kfnL efiffsf] Jofs/0fLo lgod dfq
ePsf]n] of] Hofk" zAbdf bL3{ k"
k|of]u ePsf] s'/f x]Ssfdf /fVg'
kb{5 . oxL hfltjfrs gfdnfO{ o;
hfltn] af]Ng] g]kfnefiffdf x|Zj k'
cyf{t\ Hofk' zAb k|of]u x'g] ub{5 .
t;y{ sfd slxNo} g;lsg,]
a]km";{lbnf, sdz{Lnh:tf cy{x
v]tL ls;fgLdf nfUg]sf] sfdsf]
k| s [ l t;F u dfq ldNb5, tL t
cfn+ s fl/s zAbx? dfq} x' g \ ,
Oltxf;;Fu s'g} n]gb]g 5}g . cyjf
Hofk" ;d'bfonfO{ v]tL ls;fgL
sfddf nfUg xf}:ofpg] / sfd dfq}
u/fpg] rnfvL xf] ls eGg] cfz+sf
ug{ g;lsg] klg xf]Og .
Hofk" zAbsf] Jo'TklQ s;/L
eof] / o;sf] cy{ s] xf] eGg] k|Zg
p7\g' :jfefljs xf] . sf7df8f+}
pkTosfsf cflbjf;Lsf kdf
g]jf/leq klg Hofk" ;d'bfonfO{
lnOG5 . :jo+ oxL ;d'bfo klg
cfkm"x g]kfn pkTosfsf cflbjf;L

xf}+ eGg] bfjL] u5{g\ . cflbjf;L xf}+

eg]/ bfjL ug{] o; ;d'bfosf]
rfnrngdf o;sf] emns gkfOg]
xf]Og . tL s'/fx s] s] x'g\ jf
To;df s] s] x'g ;Sb}g eGg] cnUu}
ljifo xf] / cg' \ ; Gwfg tyf
5nkmnsf] Tof] csf]{ kf6f] x'g ;S5 .
Hofk" hflt sf7df8f} +
pkTosfsf cflbjf;L x'g\ eGg] klxnf]
/ cx+ cfwf/ :jo+ Hofk" zAb g} xf] .
o;sf nflu s]xL xhf/ jif{ cl3;Ddsf]
Oltxf;df kms]/{ cWoog ug{' kb{5 .
O{zfeGbf kfFr ;o jif{cl3 cyf{t\
uf}td a'4 -O{k=" %^#$*#_ eGbf
lgs}cl3 g} blIf0flt/af6 ljleGg
hftLo ;d' b fosf dfG5] x sf]
cfjthfjt sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf a9\bf]
dfqfdf x'GYof] . o; s'/fsf] pNn]v
kl5sf ljleGg u|Gyx?dWo] sf}l6Nosf]
cy{ z f:q,
af} 4
u| G y
;jf{ : tLjfbljgo;" q tyf cGo
u|Gyxdf ePsf] kfOG5 . o;/L
cfjthfjt ubf{ub}{ sf]nL, zfSo,
j[lHh, lnR5lj cflb ;d'bfox oxL+
a;f]af; ug{ yfn] . a'4sf] hLjgsfndf
g} klg tL hftLo ;d'bfox? g]kfn
pkTosfdf :yfoL a;f]jf; u/L oxL+
3'nldn x'g yfln;s]sf] hfgsf/L
kfOG5 . o;/L jfx\o ;dfh;Fusf]
:jfefljs ;Dks{n] logLxsf] k|efj
tTsfnLg g]kfn jf g]jf/ ;dfhdf /
tTsfnLg g]kfn jf g]jf/ ;dfhsf]
k|efj ltgLx?df kg{' :jfefljs klg
xf] . o; k|sf/ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf;
Tolt a]nf g} eO;s]sf] a'lemG5 .
g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljsf; k|so[ fdfly
cWoog ubf{ x]Ssf /fVg' kg]{ s'/f s]
/x]sf] 5 eGbfv]/L g]kfn pkTosfdf
klxNo}bl] v ljsl;t x'bF } cfO/x]sf] Ps
k|sf/sf] ;Eotfdf ljno x'g cfPsf
cGo hftLo ;d'bfox?n] ;Eotfsf]
Oltxf;nfO{ cem kl/is[t ub}{ o;nfO{
pRr agfpg] sfo{df ck"j{ of]ubfg
lbP . ljno eP/} klg s]xLn] cfkm\gf]
k"j{ klxrfgnfO{ s]xL dfqfdf hf]ufPsf
klg lyP . cfkm"x?n] NofPsf] ;Eotf
g]kfnsf] ;Eotf;Fu 3'nldn u/fP/
g]kfn jf g]jf/ ;EotfnfO{ pRr
agfpg] / ToxL ;Eotfdf cfkm"
a;Le"t x'g yfn] . logLx? oxL gofF
ljsl;t jf d"ndf :yflgo ;Eotfdf
uf}/jflGjt x'g yfn] . cfkm"x? k"/}
dfqfdf oxfF 3'nldn eP/, g]jf/s}
?kdf klxrfg agfP/ klg cfkm\gf]
Oltxf; gla;]{sf] Pp6f HjnGt
pbfx/0f Hofk" zAb xf] .
oxfF s f] e" l ddfly k' / fgf
lgjf;Lxsf] jr{ Z j ePsfn]
;Ddfg:jk ltgLxn] oxfFsf
cflbjf;LxnfO{ e"ldk'qsf] cy{df
Hofk' eGg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . Hofk"
/ e"ldk'q b'O{ leGg efiffsf] Pp6}
cy{ nfUg] zAb ePsf] bfjL o;
n]vssf] 5 . Hofk' sf] k' ;+:s[t
efiffsf] k'q jf kfnL efiffsf] k'Q
zAbsf] :yflgos/0f xf] . uf}td
a'4n] hg;fwf/0fn] af]Ng] efiff k|of]u
ug]{ qmddf kfnL efiffn] k|>o kfPsf]
/ To;eGbf afx]s ljlzi6 If]qdf
;+:s[t efiffs} k|of]u x'g] u/]sf]
tTsfnLg ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts
cWoogaf6 yfxf x'G5 . uf}td a'4sf]
hLjgsfndf kfnL efiff
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;Dks{ efiffsf] kdf

kfnL / ;+:s[t
efiffsf k|of]ustf{x
sf7df8f}d+ f cfPkl5
oxfFsf cflbjf;L jf
e"ldk'qxnfO{ ;xh
kdf ;Ddfg ub}{
Hofk'Q jf Hofk'q
eGg] qmddf Hofk'
eGg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 .
;+:s[t efiffdf Hof
zAbn] k[YjL jf e"ld
hgfpg] x'G5 .
ljsf; ePsf] lyof] . kfnL / ;+:s[t
efiffsf k|of]ustf{x sf7df8f}+df
cfPkl5 oxfF s f cflbjf;L jf
e"ldk'qxnfO{ ;xh kdf ;Ddfg
ub}{ Hofk'Q jf Hofk'q eGg] qmddf
Hofk' eGg yfn]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+:s[t
efiffdf Hof zAbn] k[YjL jf e"ld
hgfpg]
x' G 5 . (Apte
1959:224) .

Hofk' ;d'bfosf] Oltxf;

g] j f/ leqsf] k" / } Hofk"
;d'bfonfO{ ls/fFt ju{sf kdf
lrgfpg dg k/fpg]x klg 5g\ .
sf]xL ls/fFtkl5 cfPsf lnR5ljx
g} xfn Hofk"sf] kdf lrlgPsf]
dfGotf /fVb5g\ . g]kfnL ;dfhsf]
ljsf;sf] cWoogn] tL dfGotfx?sf]
v08g ub{5 . o;} ;DjGwdf s]xL
rrf{ ul/+ b f g] k fnL ;dfhsf]
ljsf;nfO{ a'em\g ;lsg] ePsfn] oxfF
To; af/]df yk cWoog x'g' kg]{
b]lvG5 .
Oltxf;sf] cWoogsf
;fdu|Lx?af6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf
k|jz
] ug{] klxnf] jf cflbjf;L hflt
ls/fFtx? x}gg\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 5 .
ef/tLo e"efuaf6 cfo{xf/f
wkfOPkl5 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf
z/0ffyL{sf kdf k;]sf ls/fFtxn]
cfkm\gf] 5'} klxrfgnfO{ hf]ufpg'sf]
;f cl3b]lv ljsf; x'bF } cfO/x]sf]
oxL+sf] ;dfhdf ljno ePsf] b]lvG5 .
afa'/fd cfrfo{n] pNn]v ug]{ u/]sf]
g]kf/ jf g]jf/ ltg} hflt x'g\ h'g
cflbjf;Lx? / ls/fFtx ljno eP/
ag]sf] xf] . -@))(, @)^)M^#_ . ljno
x' g ] qmddf :yflgo ;dfhdf
ls/fFtxsf] k|efj kg'{ klg :jfefljs
dfGg ;lsG5 . To;/L k|efljt x'gx]
Hofk" g} x'g\ eGg] s'/f dfly pNn]lvt
s'/faf6 k'li6 x'G5 . cyf{t\ k|flrg
u|Gyx?df pNn]lvt ls/fFt hflt g]kfn
pkTosfdf k;] / oxLsf
cflbjf;Lx?df ljno eP/ uPsf] /

To;sf] lgs}kl5 dWosfn / To;kl5

lnlvt j+zfjnLxn] ;d'Rr kdf
ls/fFt gfpF lbPsf] b]lvG5 . h;nfO{
cfrfo{n] g]kf/ ju{sf ls/fFt eg]sf]
a' l emG5 / log} g] k f/ ju{ s f
ls/fFtxnfO{ g} kl5 cfpg] cg]s
hfltn] ;Ddfg ub}{ e"ldk'qsf kdf
Hofk' eGg yflnof] / cfhko{Gt Hofk"
hflt jf ;d'bfosf kdf sf7df8f+}
pkTosfdf Ps k|dv
' ;d'bfosf]
kdf a;]sf 5g\ . cyf{t,\ k|frLg
cflbjf;L / ls/fFt b'O{ ;d'bfo olt
3'nldn eof] ls ca tL b'Oa{ Lr
ljefhg u/]/ x]g}{ g;lsg] eO;s]sf]
5.
j} z fnLdf
lnR5lj
u0f/fHodfly duw ;fd|fHosf] xdnf
x'gc
' l3 g} g]kfndf lnR5ljnufot
cg]s ;d'bfosf] a;f]af; eO;s]sf]
lyof] . j}zfnL cfqmd0fsf] ;o jif{kl5
dfq g] k fnsf] /fHo Joj:yf
ls/fFtxsf] xftaf6 aflxl/Psf]
b]lvG5 . o;af6 s] a'em\g ;lsG5
eg] j}zfnLdf xf/]sf lnR5ljxn]
g]kfndf ls/fFtxnfO{ x/fP/ /fHo
xTofPsf] geO{ lj:tf/} cfkm\gf] k|efj
a9fP/ /fHo Joj:yfdf xft xfn]sf]
b] l vG5 .
lnR5ljsflng
clen]vxdf k|o'Qm u}/ ;+:s[t
zAbx clxn] klg g]jf/ ;d'bfon]
af]Ng', lnR5lj ;EotfeGbf km/ssf]
cflbd ;+ : s[ l t jt{ d fg g] j f/
;d'bfodf hLljt} x'gh
' :tf b[i6fGtn]
oxL+ ljsf; eO/x]sf] ;Eotfdf
ls/fFtnufot lnR5lj, aHhL jf
j[HhL, sf]nL, zfSo cflb ;d'bfo
;lDd>0f ePsf] jt{dfg ;fdflhs
;+/rgfaf6 klg a'em\g ;lsG5 .
k|fKt lnR5ljsflng clen]vxdf
klg ls/fFtxsf] pkl:ylt kl5;Dd
g} b]Vg kfOG5 -dxh{g @)^@M*_ .
cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts clwsf/x vf];/]
lnPkl5 klg ls/fF t ju{ s f
g] j f/xsf] lnR5lj ju{ s f

g]jf/xdfly k|ltzf]wfTds efjgf

/x]sf] s'g} ;+st] k|fKt x'g ;ls/x]sf]
5}g . o:t} lnR5lj ju{sf g]jf/xn]
klg ls/fFt ju{sf g]jf/xnfO{
ckdfg jf lt/:sf/ u/]sf] s'g} klg
nIf0fx b]lvg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .
a? clen] v df ls/fF t x?nfO{
;Ddfghgs :yfg g} lbPsf] kfOG5 .

pk;+ x f/

Hofk" hfltn] k|of]u ug]{ afhf

lwd]sf] ljsf; dfgj ;Eotfsf]
piffsfndf g} ePsf] s'/f cGoqsf
afhfxsf] ljsf;;Fu t'ngfTds
cWoog ubf{ yfxf x'G5 . ;do /
;Eotfx;Fu ;dfof]hg ub{} cfh;Dd
o;nfO{ hflto k/Dk/f / ;+:s[ltsf]
kdf hLljt} /fVg] sfd sf7df8f+}
pkTosfsf Hofk" ;d'bfon] ub}{
cfO/x]sf] 5 . Tolt nfdf] Oltxf; lwd]
afhfdf kfOG5 h'g n/t/f] s'/f xf]Og .
em x]bf{ lwd] afhf Hofk" ;d'bfosf]
dfq b]lvP klg ;Eotfsf] b[li6n] of]
;d:t dfgj hfltsf] cd"No lglw
xf] . To:tf] lglwsf ;Djfxs Hofk"
hfltk|lt ;d:t dfgj ;d'bfo C0fL
x'gk} 5{ . g]jf/ snf / ;+:s[ltsf
cWo]tf d]/L :n;/ Hofk" ;d'bfosf]
d'Sts07n] k|z;
+ f ub{l5g\ / cfkm\gf]
k' : tsdf ctLtsf s' / fxsf]
cWoogsf nflu Hofk" ;d'bfo Pp6f
em\ofn g} ePsf] dGtJo lblG5g\
(Slusser 1998 :12) t/ o:tf
lglwxsf ;+jfxs Hofk" ;d'bfodfly
cfhef]ln 7"nf] r'gf}tL klg gePsf]
xf]Og . Psflt/ o; ;d'bfo cfkm\g}
Oltxf;af6 a]va/ 5g\ eg] csf]l{ t/
Oltxf;nfO{ tf]8d/f]8 ug]x{ klg
plQs} 5g\ . o; ;d'bfonfO{ Psfkl
cfkm\ g f] k/Dk/fut lglwxsf]
;+/If0fdf nfUg' k/]sf] 5 eg] csf]
l{ t/ ljZj e"d08nLs/0fsf] rk]6fdf
o:t} ;d'bfox lklN;g] ePsf]n] of]
;d'bfo rgfvf] x'g' k5{ eGg] dxz"z
x'G5 .

jif{ ! c+s %, @)^* d+;L/ * ut] ljxLaf/

;ftfsf] /flzkmn
d]if M ;ftfsf] ;'?df ;Gtfg, dftflktf, ;DkQL

tyf gf]s/L;Fu ;DalGwt tgfj x'g ;Sg]5 . ;ftfsf]

dWodf gofF Jofkf/ tyf lgjf; :yfg kl/jt{gsf]
nflu z'e ;do /xg]5 . ;ftfsf] cGTodf u|x xfgLsf]
k|efjaf6 dfgl;s tgfj x'g ;Sg], k]6 tyf x[bo /f]u . /fhgLlt
tyf gf]s/Ldf b'3{6gfsf] of]u k/]sf] 5 .

j[if M

;ftfsf] ;'?df hLjg ;fyL tyf Jofkfl/s

;DaGw cg's'n g/xg ;S5 . /Strfk, cflb /f]usf
sf/0f xfgL . ;ftfsf] dWodf gf]s/L, sfo{Ifq, pRrlzIff
tyf wfld{s sfo{snfkdf ;xefuL eOg]5 . k}t[s wgaf6 nfe
k|fKt x'g] . ;ftfsf] cGtdf ;Gtfg, dftflktf tyf wg;Fu ;DalGwt
lrGtf x'g ;Sg] .

ldy'g M ;ftfsf ;'?df rf]/L, b'36{ gf, tyf cUgLaf6

xfgLsf ;+st] . v]n lrlsT;f, ;}lgs, k|x/L tyf e"ld;Fu
hf]l8Psfx?nfO{ ;kmntf k|fKt x'g] . ;ftfsf] dWodf
;DkQL, dftf tyf lrlsT;f;Fu ;DjlGwt ljifodf tgfj . ;ftfsf]
cGtdf sfg'g, xf]6n, u/uxgf, ;Gtfg, ljjfx tyf pRr lzIff ;Fu
;DalGwt z'e 36gf x'g ;Sg] .
ss{6 M ;ftfsf] ;'?df v]n, u/uxgf, snf tyf

ldl8of, lrlsGT;f ;Gtfg ;DaGwLt z'e 36gf x'g

;Sg] . ;ftfsf] dWodf ljjfx, gofF ;DkQL, kmnfd tyf
;Ld]G6h:tf a:t'af6 nfe x'g ;Sg] . ;ftfsf] cGtdf wg, kl/jf/
tyf :jf:Yo;DaGwL tgfj x'g ;Sg] .

l;+x M ;ftfsf] ;'?df kl/jf/, :jf:Yo tyf ;DkQLdf

tgfj x'g ;Sg] . ;ftfsf] dWodf jfxg, ;DkQLsf] vl/b,

;fdflhs k|lti7fdf j[l4 x'g] . ljjfxcflb sd{sf] nflu
z'e . ;ftfsf] cGtdf x[bo tyf rd{ /f]un] b'v lbg ;Sg] ;+efjgf .

sGof M ;ftfsf] ;'?df k}t[s ;DkQL, ljjfx jf

k|]d ;DaGw tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL tgfj x'g ;Sg] .

;ftfsf] dWodf ;Gtfg tyf /f]lsPsf] wg k|flKtsf]
of]u /x]sf] 5 . ;ftfsf] cGtdf ;fyLefO{, gf]s/L tyf nufgLsf]
nflu k|lts"n ;do /x]sf] 5 .

t'nf M ;ftfsf] ;'?df hUuf hldg, ;DkQL, v]n

tyf lrlsT;f If]qaf6 ckf/ wg k|fKt x'g ;Sg]

;Defjgf . ;ftfsf] dWodf kl/jf/ tyf dftflktf,
;DkQL tyf 7]s]bf/L cflb sfo{If]qaf6 ;kmntf k|fKt
x'g]5 . ;ftfsf] cGtdf nufgL, gf]s/L tyf /fhgLlt tyf /f]usf]
ck/]zgsf nflu ;Dej eP;Dd ;do cln k/ ;fg'{ plrt x'g]
5.

j[lZrs M ;ftfsf] ;'?df lzIff, v]n, e"ld, v]tLkftL

tyf wd{ If]q;DalGwt z'e 36gf x'g ;Sg]5 . ;ftfsf]

dWodf ;Gtfg tyf wfld{s ofqfsf] of]u . sfuh,
sk8f cflb /rgfTds If]qaf6 nfe k|fKt x'g] 5 .

wg' M

;ftfsf] ;'?df ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ult tyf

dgsf] efjgfdf lgoGq0f ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .
;fyLefO{ tyf k|]d;DaGwdf wf]sf k|fKt x'g ;Sg]5 .
;ftfsf] dWodf gf]s/L tyf lgjf; :yfg kl/jt{g
gug'{ g} j]z x'g5
] . ;ftfsf] cGtdf gf]s/L tyf :jf:Yodf xfgL sf]
of]u /x]sf] 5 .

ds/ M ;ftfsf] ;'?df dftflktf, hLjg;fyL;Fu

;DaGwLt tgfj x'g ;Sg]5 . vfgkfg tyf ofqfdf ;+od

ckgfpg' h?/L 5 . ;ftfsf] dWodf lzIff, hLjg;fyL
tyf Jofkf/sf sf/0f efUof]bo x'g;Sg] 5 . ;ftfsf] cGtdf ;DkQL,
k}t[s wg, gf]s/L tyf /fhgLltdf ljz]if nfe k|fKt x'g]5 .

s'De M

;ftfsf] ;'?df bfDkTo hLjg, Jofkfl/s

;DaGwdf tgfj x'g ;Sg] . :yf:Yo;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of
cfpg ;Sg] . ;ftfsf] dWodf lj/f]wLx?dfly ljho k|fKt
x'g] t/ rf]/L cflb 36gfsf sf/0f xfgL x'g ;Sg] . ;ftfsf] cGtdf
lzIff, cfoftlgof{t tyf ljb]z udgaf6 efUof]bo x'g;Sg]5 .

dLg M ;ftfsf] ;'?df /f]u tyf lj/f]wLx?dfly ljho

k|fKt x'g]5 . lzIff, Jofkf/, tyf k}t[s wgaf6 nfe

k|fKt x'g]5 . ;ftfsf] dWodf ;Gtfg tyf dftfsf]
:yf:Yosf] lrGtf x'g]5 . ;ftfsf] cGtdf wfld{s :ynsf] ofqf
x'g;Sg] . ldqju{ tyf k|d] ;DaGwdf wf]sf x'g ;Sg] . s;}nfO{ ;fk6L
glbg' g} plrt x'g5
] .

sf=lh=k|=sf=b=g+= !(*)%(^)

s;}sf] a|s
] ck, s;}sf] s'6fs'6
lalsgL un{sf] ?kdf
lrlgPsL gflosf ?kf pkfWofon]
cj lalsgL gnfpg] uhjn]
3f]if0ff u/]sL 5g\ . lalsgLsf]
x6 kmf]6f]n] ubf{ df/fdf/
lkmNddf ckm/ cfPsf] jtfpg]
pg} gflosf sfd gkfP/ Ps
l/ofln6Lzf]sf] hh eP/
lx+l8/x]sf] klg s;}jf6 l5k]sf]
5} g g\ . csf] { t km{ s;} n ]
kmf]6f];6' sf] nflu ckm/ ugf{;fy
slt k};f cfpg] / slt lbg]
h:tf k|Zg pgn] t];f{pg
yfn]sL 5g\ .
klxnf k} ; f lt/] /
kmf]6f];'6 ug]{ pg} df]8n
gflosf oltv]/ cd]l/sfjf6
kms{ g f;fy k} ; f lnP/
kmf]6f];6' u/fpg vf]Hg'sf]
k5fl8 st} cd] l /sfdf
h:t} g]kfndf klg a9L
Jofj;flos x'g yfn]sL kf] x'g ls
eGg] cfz+sf a9\g yfn]sf] 5 .
)))
x6 gflosf ;'ifdf sfsL{ /
lgb]z
{ s ;'bz{g yfkf jLrsf] nj
clkmo;{df xfn cfP/ a|]s ePsf]
5 . ;' i fdfsf] nflu vNtLdf
lnlkl:6s ;d] t jf] s ] / lx+ 8 \ g ]
;'bz{gsf] cflzsLkgnfO{ ;j}n]
dfg]s} lyof] . lnle 6'u]8/ a6
xha]G8 PG8 jfOkm g6 OlyS;sf
oL x6 hf]8Lsf] cl3Nnf] xKtf dfq

a|s
] ck ePsf] xf] . Tof] klg ;'ifdfsf]
tkm{jf6 jfgj] . ;'bz{gsf] s'g}
sd]G6 cfO/x]sf] cj:yf eg] 5}g\ .
of] cj:yfdf oL x6 hf]8Lsf] nj
a|]sck s]jn :Sof08n dfq xf] ls
of oyfy{ klg xf] < o:t} ;'Ggdf
cfPsf] 5 .
)))
csf]t{ km{ gflosf /]lhgf pk|t] L
/ lgb]z
{ s zf]let j:g]t jLr s]
s:tf] ;+jGw lyof] / 5 < Tof] o;}
eGg ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g\ . slxn] x6

nj;{sf] ?kdf ldN5g\ t

slxn] nf]Ug]:jf:gL h:tf]
u/]/ tyfgfd ufnL u/]/
emu8f klg u5{g\ . chj
b'lgofFsf oL uhjsf hf]8L
jLr cl3Nnf] xKtf klg
df/fdf/ emu8f eof] . Tof]
klg zf]letn] lgb]z
{ g ug{
nfu]sf] lkmNd b'nxf/fgLdf
/]lhgf gc6fpg] ePkl5 .
zf] l etsf] x/] s
lkmNddf /]lhgf c6\g} kg]{ .
gc6\d
] f df/fdf/ . c6\k] l5
r'krfk . /]lhgfsf] o:t}
afgL 5 . of] jfgLn] zf]let]
x}/fg gjg]sf klg xf]Ogg\ .
t/klg, /]lhgfsf] cufl8
alnsf] as/f h:t} x'G5 .
o:tf] lsg e}/x]sf] 5 <
s;}nfO{ klg yfxf 5}g\ .
)))
o;} xKtf b'O{ gofF gflosf
cg'isf 9sfn tyf ;'ldgf l3ld/]n]
;GofF; 3f]iff0ff u/] . Rfflxg] eGbf a9L
grflxg] xf]xNnf x'g] tyf sfd
u/] c g' ; f/ bfd gkfOg] /
cleefjsx?n] klg Jofks cfklt
hgfPsf] sf/0f b]vfP/ cg'isf /
;'ldgfn] lkmNdnfOg 5f8\s
] f] bfjL u/]sf
5g\ . pgLx? cj lkmNd 5f8]/
k9fO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] ;f]rdf /x]sf
5g\ .
g]jf 6fOD;

dlgiff sf]O/fnf Wofg ug{ alnp8df

alnp8jf6 l/6fo8{
eP/ xfn g]kfndf g} /x]sL
gflosf dlgiff sf]O/fnf
PsfPs alnp8 kms]{sL
5g\ . Tof] klg alnp8sf
lkmNddf wdfwd v]Ngsf]
nflu cjZo xf] O g\ .
ToxfFl:yt Wofg tyf of]usf]
Vofltk| f Kt jfglg;
o'lge/l;6Ldf HjfOg x'g
uPsf] ;dfrf/;| f ] t n]
jtfPsf] 5 . ut z'qmjf/sf] d'DjO{
k\mnfO6jf6 ToxfF k'us
] L dlgiff !
dlxgf pt} j:g] ePsL 5g\ .
! dlxgfsf] j;fO{df pQm
o'lge/l;6Ldf Wofg tyf of]uf l;Sg]
ePsL 5g\ . o'lge/l;6Lsf k|frfo{
>LcDdf eujfg;Fu xfn ToxfF Wofg
tyf of] u f l;ls/x] s L dlgiff
alnp8jf6 l/6fo8{ eP/ kms]{b]lv
tgfjdf b]lvPsL lyOg\ . ;f]xL
tgfj jLr ;d|f6 bfxfn;Fu k/f/
;fn ljjfx jGwgdf afFlwPsL
dlgiffsf] bfDkTo hLjg Tolt
;'vb atfOG5 . h;n] ubf{ k|fo
a]r}gdf b]lvPsL dlgiff ssgLsf]
cf]zf] tkf]jgdf klg a]nfa]nfdf
Wofg l;Sg hfg] u/]sf lyP .
cf]zf]sf] cfbz{ tyf Wofg
of]ujf6 ;d]t k|efljt dlgiffn]
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