tIc-f -im-kv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jv

thWw, asmcp tIcfw kmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-n\v Hcp P\-Iob Imsbv

sXmgnepw hnZym-`ym-khpw inev]ime \hw-_ 27 Rmb 10.00 aWnapX ]cn-jv `h, Iq

{]nb krlr-t, thWw, asmcp tIcfw F ap{Zm-hm-Iyapbn-smv tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cnjv Hcp P\-Iob Ims-bv XpS-p-Ibm-Wv. Cy-bpsS ap-{]-tZ-isf At]-nv Db Pohn-XKp-W\n-ehm-cap {]tZ-iamWv tIcfw. Fnepw tIc-fns Cs Ahbpw `mhnbn-te-p hnImkZni-bpw DXvIWvT Df-hm-p-XpXs-bm-W.v AXmWv Cu Ims-bs {]tNmZv \w. kmnI hf-bp-sSbpw D]-t`m-K[m-cm-fn-n-sbpw AS-bm-f tIc-fn-eq-S\ofw ImWmw. AXn-kp kpJ-t`mK kma-{Kn-I Fhn-sSbpw s]cp-Ip-p.-P\kw-Jy-bn sNdn- - sbmcp `mK-sa-nepw AXn-kcmbn amdp-p-ap-v. ]t Cu hn[-ap hnI-k\w D]-cn-ham- - - bXpw Dv s]m-bm-bXp-am-sW bmYmy-n-tev \s \bn-p \nc-h[n Nqp-]eI- I- ImWmw. ]mcn-n-Xn-Ibpw `y-[m-t\ym-ev]m-Z\nse CSnhpw Cu `ojnWn hy- am-pp. IpSn-sh kvt{XmX-p-IfSap Pem-ibfpsS aeo-\n-IcWhpw ay-kv AS- - - - - - -ap Pem-ibhn-`hfpsS timj-Whpw \mw ImWp-p. Ip-Ir-Xy-fpw am^n-bhXvcWhpw - - - - - - Bkq-cambn hf-cp-p.- a-Zyhpw kzhpw tNv \psS kv IS-n-sm-p-t]m-Ip-p. Ans\ ]e-Xpv {]Xn-]m-Zn-m. AXp-sImv asmcp tIcfw thWw. `y-kp-cbp, IpSn-shw e`n-p-, ]mcn-n- XnI XI-bnm, D]-t`m-K{`m-n hoWp-t]m-Im-, kwkvIm-ckamb, Fm-hpw kpc- - - -bp Hcp tIcfw thWw. Cu tIcfw km[y-amWv Fv {]N-cn-n-p-Ibpw AXv bmYmy-amm Bfpw Bi-bhpw Ahpw ko-Icn-p-Ibpw sNp-IbmWv Cu Ims-bvs eyw. 2011 HIvtSm-_ 31\v sshIp-tcw Xriq kmln-Xy-Am-Zan lmfnhv {]ikvX Ncn-{X-]WUnX tUm.sI.-F ]Wn- Ims-bv DZvLmS\w sNvXp. Imsbvs `mK-ambn ]cn-jns Hmtcm taJ-ebpw X-fpsS {]tZ-iv P\-Po-hn-Xs {]Xn-Iq-eambn _m[n-p Hcp {][m\ hnI-k\{]iv\sn ]T\w \Sn AXv ]cn-lcn-m-\p \nt-i cq]o-Icnpw. CXn\mbn HvHc hjw \op-\np _rl-mb Hcp Ims-bv\mWv Bcw-`n-p-Xv.-- hn-hn[ hnj-bfn-embn 16 skan-\m-dp-Ifpw Ims-bvs `mK-ambn Xocp-am-\n-n-p-v.hop-ap- -m-kp-I, Krl-ki-\ Ne-Nn-{X-ta-fI Iem-Pm-YI XpS-n-bhbpw Ims-bvs Bib-{]-Nm-cWns `mK-ambn \Spw. 2012 P\p-hcn 15-ap-X 30 hsc \S-p 2 ]Z-bm-{X--tbmsS - Ims-bvs BZy-Lw kam-]npw. kmaq-lnI hnI-k\n-\p hn]p-eamb Cu P\-Iob Ims- bvs hnP-bn-\mbn Xm-fp-sSbpw kplr-p-Ifp-sSbpw klm-bklIcWw A`yn-p-p. - - - - Imsbvs `mK-ambn hnhn[ hnj-bfn-embn ]Xn-\mdp skan-\m-dp-I \S-m Xocp-am- \n-n-pv tIc-fns ]{mw ]-h-c ]Xn ey-amn \nt-i kan-pI F-XmWv skan-\m-dp-IfpsS eyw. CXn sXmgnepw hnZym-`ym-khpwF skan-\m-dns DSw N-sN-pXn-\mbn Hcp inev]ime ta kqNn-n Xob-Xn-bn \S-m Dt-in-p-p. -- Xm \n-bambpw Cu inev]im-ebn ]s-Sp-Ww. inev]im-ebnse N-Iv klm-bIc-am-Ip Hcp Ipdnv CtXm-sSmw tNp-p. A`n-hm-Z\tfm-sS, - - sI.-Sn. cm[m-Ir-jvW {]kn-U v Sn. ]n. {ioi- P\-dsk-{I-dn

tIcf imkv{X-km-lnXy ]cn-jv

1

thWw asmcp tIcfw kmaq-lnI hnI-k-\-n\v P\-Iob Imsbv sXmgnepw hnZym-`ym-khpw inev]-ime \hw_ 27 Iq ]cn-jv `h

N-bvp Ipdn-p-I
1. hnZym-`ym-k-ns DZm--amb ey- apgp-h AwKo-I-cnp sImpXs Hmtcm hyn-sbbpw kaq-l-n-\v DXv]mZ\ tkh-\-cw-K--fn kzw ]v hln-m-\p {]m]vXnbp--h() Bn-Xop-I FXpw AXn-tesd kp{]-[m-\-amb Hcp eyw BsWv k-Xnt Xocp. B ]v Fm-sW-p-Xv B hyn-bpsS Pa-kn--amb Ignhnt\bpw hmk-\bpw ]cn-io-e\hpw A[zm-\n-m-\p a\pw B{i-bn-n-cn-pw. Hmtcm hyn-bp-sSbpw Ign-hp-Iv hyXykvXw BsWv \ap--dnbmw . imkv{Xw am\-hnI hnj-b- XpS-n-bh ]Tnp ]co--I- ]mkm-Im\pw ]Tn-n-m\pw m\ \nn-Xn-bn Gs-Sm\pw D AmZ-anI Ignhv Ah-bn Hv am{Xw BWv. ]t \psS kvIq hnZym-`ymkw AsXm-gnsI av Hcp Ign-hn-t\bpw AwKo-I-cn-p-n-. {]kvXpX Ign-hn ]ntmw Bb Ipn-Isf Not fit for higher studies F mv Ipn a Fpw an Fpw ap{Z-b-Snv ]pd-m-p-I-bmWv \mw sNp--Xv. Fm ]ns Chsc Fn\v sImmw Fv ]p-sImw Chsc ]Tnn \apv ]d-bm- tXmp-n-. kvIq hnZym-`y-k-ns Dtiw Ipn-Isf DX hnZy`ym-k-n\v Xm-dm-pI am{Xw BsW sXmb Nnm-KXn BWv CXn\v ]nn. CXv amdWw kvIq hnZym-`ym-k-n\v X\-Xmb ey- Dv. AXns\ DX hnZym-`ym-kns taevtm-bva-bn \nv tamNn-n--Ww FmWv 1945 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn \nb-an hnZym-`ymk ]p\: kwL-S\m Inn \nt-in-Xv . kvIq hnZym-`ym-k-ns sshhn-[y-hXvI-cWw BWv Ah Bh-iy-s--Xv. 2. k inm A`n-bms eyw. Ghpw hnZym-`ymkw FXv BW-tm. AXm-bXv, kaq-l-n-se Fm sXmgn-ep-I sNp--hcpw hnZym-`ymkw knn--hBbn-cn-pw. kaq-ln-\se hndIv shn-Ifpw shffw tImcnIfpw av Npa-p--hcpw ]d-nepw ]mSpw ]Wn-sb-Sp-p--hcpw ao]nSn-p-hcpw Cd-n-sh-p--hcpw Fmw hnZym-`ymkw knn--h Bbn-cn-pw. Fv ]d-m AXns Aw FmWv ? Ah-scmw ]Tnw CSbvv hv hn-htcm ]p-hsc ]Tn-nv Not fit for higher studies F kn-^n-v t\Sn-b-htcm Bbn-cn-pw FmtWm? AtXm Ah-cpsS sXmgn, AXv Fv Bbmepw, Ipsd IqSn saambn sNm th hnZym-`ymkw Inn-b-h Bbn-cn-pw FmtWm? CsXms sNm Fn-\mWv hnZym-`ymkw Fm-bn-cnmw Hcp {]Xn-I-cWw ]p-hsc ]Tn-npw CtX sNm Inn-bptm Fm-bn-cnpw ap Nne-cpsS Ia.v hnZym-`ymkw tae-\n ]Wn-sb-Sp-p-Xn \nv c-t\-Sm-\p D]m[n BsW ]gb Nnm-KXn BWv. AXn-sems {]Xn-^-enp--Xv. t\sc adnv , hnZym-`ymkw knn--h Cu ]Wn-I sNp-tm Cu sXmgn-ep-f-IfpsS kzm`mhw amdpw. imkv{Xnsbpw kmt-XnI hnZy-bp-sSbpw {]tbmKw sXmgn-ep-I-fpsS B[p-\n-I-h-XvI-c-W-n-tepw DXv]m-Z-\--aX Db-cp--Xn-tepw sXmgn-en-S-ns am\y-Xbn-tepw sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS hcp-am\ h-\-hn-tebvpw \bn-pw, \bn-Ww Fnte B hnZym-`ymk A]qw BIq. 3. As\ BI-W-sa-n]p hjs hnZy-`ymkw t]mcm. AXv ]{-p-hjw thWw Fn am{Xta kvIq hnZy-`ymkw ]pn-bm-p-tm hnZymn-v ]Xn-s\p hbv XnIn-cn-q. kz-ambn ]Wn-sb-Spv Pohn-m-\p {]mbw BIpw. kvIq hnZym`ymk-ns Ah-km\ cv hjw Ahv XncsSp sXmgn taJ-e-bn Adnhpw sshZKv[yhpw
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{]mtbm-KnI ]cn-Nbhpw t\Sm thn amn-h-bvWw . kaq-l-nse _lp-`q-cn-]--ntbpw hgn CXm-bn-cn--Ww. Db Adn-hp-I t\Sm\pw AXn-\p-thn C\nbpw Ipsd hj- sNe-h-gn-m\pw am\-kn-I-ambpw _pn-]-c-ambpw tijnbpw Xmdpw D Ccp-]tm aptXm iX-am\w t] am{X-amWv DX hnZy-`ym-k-n-tev t]mtI-Xv. _mnbp--h t\cnp sXmgn-en-tepw Pohn-X-n-tepw {]th-in-m t]mIp--h-cmWv. Ahsc AXn-\p-thn Xm-dm-pI F-XmWv hnZym-`ym-k-ns [w. 4. kaq-l-n\v Bh-iy-ap \qdp-I-W-n\ Bbn-c--W-n\p tPmen-I \apv Npp-ap-v. Ch-bn hfsc Ipdv tPmen-Iv am{Xta Ctm Hu]-Nm-cn-I-amb ]cn-io-e\w Dq. _mnsbmw A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-ambn Hmtcm-cp- kzbw ]Tn-p-I-bm-Wv. hv tjmv sam-\nv Bbn ]Wn-sb-Sp-p--h-cn _lp-`q-cn-]w t]cpw sF.-n.sF kn-^n-v D-h-c-. hv tjmp-I-fn A\u-]-Nm-cn-I-ambn \nv takvXn-cn-bpsS Ingppw kv]m\ sImp sImpw sImv ]Wn ]Tn--h BWv. an ]Wn-I-fp-tSbpw Ah CXv Xs-bm-Wv. CXn-s\sbmw Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ym-k-ns `mKw Bn am-Ww.

5. ]s C{X- A-[nIw t{SUp-I ]Tn-n-m kvIqfp-Iv Ign-bptam F tNmZyw hfsc {]kw BWv.-C-s coXn-bn BsW-n Xo-bmbpw ]n . ]s Cu t{SUp-IfpsS {]mIvSn- Fmw icn-bmb sXmgn-en-S--fn Xs BIWw Fv hmtem? Irjn ]Tn-p--h \mnse Ij-Is IqsS \nv Irjn sNbvXp ]Tn-Ww . AXn\v AXym-hiy th Xobdn am{Xw mn ]Tn-m aXn. AXp-t]mse Xs kwKoXw ]Sn-t-hcv \mnse kwKoX hnZq-jn-bp-sStbm, hnZym-stbm ASp-v\nv kwKoXw ]Tn-s . Ahcv Xs IpnIsf hne-bn-cpn t{KUpw \I-s. Cu coXn-bn Hmtcm {]tZ-ipw Fsmw t{SUp-I ]Tn-n-Ww Ahbvv th {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e\w FhnsS sImSpmw Fsmw Xti kzbw `cW m]-\fp-ambn tNv Xocpam-\n-Ww. Ch-bp-ambn _n-n-p tPmenbpw - Ahv Xs sNmw. As\ Hmtcm kvIqfpw AXXp {]tZ-i-hp-ambn ssPh _-ap m]\w Bbn amd-Ww. II sXgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ym-khpw sXmgn hnZym-`ym-khpw tIc-f-n sXgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymkw F hm GsX-nepw sXmgn-ens\ A[n-jvTn-X-amn hnZym`ymk ey- \nd-th-dm {ian-pI FmWv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ifn-av ]Wn km[m-c-Wamb Hcp kaq-ln-, Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xhp-ambn _-sam-p-an-m km[m-cW kvIq hnZym`ymkw \evIn Ipn-Isf ]c--cm-KX sXmgn-en\nv AI-p--Xn\v ]Icw Ifn-av ]Wn-bneqsS Xs A-c-fpw A-fpw tPmsa-{Snbpw `qan-im-kv{Xhpw Ncn-{Xhpw kbkpw Fmw ]Tn-n-m Ignbpw. As-n Bim-cn-]-Wn-bn-ep-sSsbm Ccp-v ]Wn-bn-eq-sStbm Hs CXv sNmw . CXns Aw Bim-cn-bpsS aI\v Bim-cnbpw sIms aI\v sIm\pw Hs BI-W-sav Xocp-am-\-p-I-bm Fnepw Bhn-[-n-ep Btcm-]-W- Db-cm km[yX D-Xp-sImv Cu kao-]\w Cm-ev s]mXp-hmbn kzoIm-cy-am-Im CS-bn-. AtXk-abw Hu]-Nm-cn-I hnZym-`ym-k-ns `mK-ambn Xs Nne k`--fn- Fnepw Nne hnj-b- FsXnepw sXmgn-ens ]m--e-n ]Tn-n-pXv hnZym`ym-k-]-c-ambn t\mn-bmepw A`n-e-j-Wobw Bbn-cn-pw. Kmn-PnbpsS ASn-m\ hnZy-`ymk (Basic Eduction) k-ev]-n Cu Nn-I Dm-bn-cp-p. AXv hfsc hnI-e-ambn tIc-f-n ]co-n-p t\mp-I-bp-mbn . AXns `mK-ambn Ipsd kvIqfp-I-fn s\bvXv D]-I-c-W- Cd-n. Ipsd A[ym-]-Iv ]cn-io-e3

\hpw sImSp-p. ]s AXv \S-m-m ]d-htm \S-n-htm \S-m-n-bhtm Cu k{m-Z-b-ns s]mcp Xncn--dn-bm Ign-bm-Xv sImv kwKXn hen-sbmcp ]cmPbw Bbn Ft ]d-tb-p. Ctm AXns Hm t]mepw hnZym-`ymk cwK-p-\nv ampt]m-bn-cn-p-p. Fm sXmgn hnZym-`ymkw FXv Xmc-X-tat\y eLp-hmb k]w BWv. kvIq hnZy`ym-k-ns `mK-ambn FsX-nepw sXmgn IqSn ]Tn-n-p-I. Fv kmam-\y-ambn ]d-bmw. AXn\v KpcpXzw Iqm-\mbn Nne Nne-tm AXns\ sXmgn-e-[n-jvTnX hnZym-`ymkw Fv sXmbn ]d-bp--Xp-sIm-mWv I^yq-j Dm-Ip-Xv. Fnepw Ctm Am-cmjv{S Xenev vocationalised eduction thsdmcp A-n-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-pXv. CXv t\mp-I. vocationalized secondary eduction refers to a curriculum which remains overwhelmingly general or academic in nature, but which includes vocational or practical subjects as minor portion of the students timetable during the secondary school course . Closely related terms are diversified curriculum ( Psacharopoulos and loxley 1985), work orientation ( Hoppers 1996) Practical subjects in secondary schools ( Lauglo 19985), and Pre- vocational education ( education especially designed to be preparatory for vocational education and training [vet]. Vocationalised Secondary Education Revisited: Jon Lauglo, World Bank, ( 5 Feb.,2004 ... draft , subject to further revision before publication) A paper to be presented to the CIES 2004 conference on Development as freedpm. The role of education. Vocationalization of secondary education in Ghana, A case study by Albert .K. Akyeampong6. September 2002, Prepared for regional Vocational Skills Development Review Human Development Africa Region world Bank F t]-dn Lm\-bnse kvIq hnZy-`ym-kns sXmgn h-cWns ey- Cs\ XpS-p-p. - To expose pupils at the Basic Education level to a range of practical activities in the vacational field in order to make them familiar with, and stimulate theirt interest in, vocational subjects and so give them equal opportunity to choose their future careers in either the technical or genral field; ap-]e cmPy-fnsebpw A\p-`hw ImWn-p-Xv s]mXpsh ]d-m sNp-Xv kvIq hnZym-`ym-k-ns sshhn-[y-h-Xv-c-W-ns `mKw BbmWv CXv sNp-Xv FmWv. AXm-bXv Fm-Ip-n-Ifpw Htc hn[-n-ep--Im-cy- ]Tn-pI F-Xn-\p-]-Icw Hmtcm Ipn-bp-sSbpw A`n-cp-Nnbpw Ignhpw A\p-k-cn-p Imcy- ]Tn-m\p kuI-cy- \Ip-I. Fm-h-scbpw k-I-em-ime hnZym-`ym-k-n\v Xm-dm-Ip-I. F-Xm-bncncpXv kIq hnZym-`ym-k-ns eyw Fv 1993 Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq km \ntbm-Kn Education committe AXns dntmn ]d-n-cp-p. _lp-`q-cn-]w t]pw Pohn-m DXIp sXmgn-ep-I-fn ]cn-io-e\w \Ip-I-bmWv Bhiyw Fv Nqn-mn.( AXv sImv CXv Hcp temI _mv AP BsW sXn-[m-cW th ) ]s Zu`m-Ky-him {]kvXpX \ntiw Bcpw sNhn-sIm-n-. AXns Imc-Ww, Xocp-am-\- FSp-p--hsc kw_-nn-S-tmfw kvIq hnZy-`ymkw FXv k-I-em-ime hnZym-`ym-k-n-te-bvp Xm-sdSpv Xs-bm-Wv. AX-m _lp-`q-cn-]--ns Imcyw CXp-h-scbpw Bcpw Hmm-dn F-XmWv kXyw. ]t Ahcpw kvIqfn hc-Ww-F-nte \psS Ipn-Iv A[ym-]-Icmbn tPmen-Inq. ]s Cu hn`m-K-nev \np Ipn-I \psS Ipn-Iv `ojnWn

BIm\pw ]mSn-. AXn-\p hgn B Ipn-Iv ]mm-Im Ign-bm Hcp hnZym-`ymk k{Zmbw \nev\npI F-Xm-Wv. AXns `mK-am-bn-mWv IjvSnv apXp iX-am\w t] am{Xw ]mm-Ip Hcp hnZym`ymk k{-Zmbw sItaw F anev ChnsS Nnc-Imew hncm-Pn-Xv. Cpw, AXns A]-Zm-\-fv ]mSn-]p-I-gvp--h Ipd-h-.Fm-h-scbpw Pbn-np XpSn-b-tXmsSbmWv kIq hnZym-`ym-k-ns \ne-hmcw Xmgvp-Xp-S-n-bXv FmWv AhcpsS hnem-]w. Bscm-s-bmWv tXmn-cp--h , Bscm-s-bmWv \-\n-e-bn Pbn-n-cp--h Fv ]cn-tim[n-m Cu k{m-Zm-b-ns h-kz-`mhw hy-am-Ipw. hon ]mTw ]d-psIm-Sp-mt\m, \ Syqj \Imt\m Ign-hn-m cn-Xm--fpsS Ipn-I Apw Cpw ]nn-em-Wv. AXm-bXv \ne-hn-en-cp D \oN-Xz-sf Dun Dd-n-p [w BWv hnZym`ymkw \nh-ln-p-Xv. CXv amdntb Xocp. amdWw Fn hnZym-`ym-k-ns sshhn-[yh-cWw A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv. Fm-h-scbpw kh-I-em-im-e-bn-tev Ab-pI F-Xm-h-cpXv kvIq hnZym-`ym-k-ns eyw. Fm-h-scbpw Pnhn-X-n\v Xm-dm-pI F-Xm-h-Ww. ]{-p-hjs kvIq hnZym-`ymkw Fm Ipn-I-fpsSbpw Pam-h-Im-i-amWv Fv {]Jym]n-m Cv tIc-f-n\v Ign-bpw. AXv Ign-bp-tm Nnev Xo-bmbpw Nne hnj-b-fn D]-cn-]T\n-\p A`n-hm-bpw AXn-\p ss[-jWnI tijnbpw AXn-\p-thn A[zm- - \n-m-\p Xm-sd-Sppw Dm-Imw. Dm-IWw. Ahsc AXXp hnj-b--fn IqSp-X ]Tnm hntS-Xv kaq-l-ns Bhiyw BWv. Ah-cn-eq-sS-bmWv \mfs kaq-l-n-\mhiy-amb ]pXnb Adn-hp-I e`ym-am-t-Xv . ]s `qcn-]w t]pw Fs-nepw tPmen t\Sn PohnXw XpS-m-\p XnSpw BIpw. \ tPmen Inm thn-bmhpw Ah XpSv ]Tnm Xm-dm-Ip-I. A-s\-bp--hsc \ tPmen-Iv {]m]vX-cm-p hnZym-`ymkw BWv Ahbvv \tI--Xv.

FmWv \ tPmen-?
IqSp-X hcp-am\w Dm-p tPmen F-XmWv km[m-cW \nh-N-\w. Cv Hcp-]mSv t] tUmIvS BIm\pw Fo-\n-b BIm\pw sFSn s{]m^-j-W BIm\pw Fw.-_n. F _ncpZw FSp-m\pw Hs B{K-ln-p--Xns ]nn B Nn-am-{Xta Dq. Db hcp-am\-tm-sSmw kaq-l-nse \nebpw hnebpw {][m-\-amWv; Ipsd-tms-nepw . PohnX kpc Xo-bmbpw Hcp {][m\ LSIw BWv. Znh-k-q-en-sb-m amk thX\w {][m\w BIp-Xv AXp-sIm-m-Wv. tPmen kml-N-cy-fpw {][m\w BWv. km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn IqSp-X Azm\w Bh-iy-ap--Xpw IqSpX Imes ]cn-io-e\w Bh-iy-ap-Xpw IqSpX sshZKv[yw Bh-iy-ap--Xp-amb tPmen-Iv IqSp-X thX-\hpw AwKo-Im-chpw IntXm-Wv. ]s ]e Imc-W- sImpw AXv As\ kw`-hn-p-n-. CXv Xncp-s-tS--Xm-Wv, ]s AXv hnZym-`ymk hyh-kvYbvIv \np-sImv am{Xw km[y-a-. hnZym-`ym-k-n\p sNm-hp-Xv B[p-\nI kmt-XnI hnZy-bpsS klm-b-tmsS Fm tPmen-I-fp-sSbpw sXmgn kml-N-cy- sa-s-Sp-p-Ibpw DXv]m-Z-\--aX DZv]m-Z-\-aX hn-nv hcp-am\ h\ km[y-am-p-I-bp-am-Wv. Cy-bnse kmaq-lnI kml-N-cynev Nne ]c--cm-KX sXmgn-ep-I-fpsS PmXn sIp-]m-Sp-I t]mm\pw Ah-bpsS B[p-\nI-h-cWw DX-In-tb-pw. sskm-n-Iambn ]d-m Cu am- kaq-ln hp-Ign-m am{Xta kzw A`n-cp-Nn-bv-\p-k-cnv sXmgn-ep-I bphm- Xnc-s-Sp-p Ah Dm-Iq. ]s AXp-hsc Imn-cn-m Bhn-. AXp-sImv anbv-hmdpw t]cv Nne ma sXmgn-ep-I-fpsS ]pdsI t]mIpw Fpw AXv km[y-am-Im--h Bbn-cnpw av sXmgn taJ-e-I-fn-tebvv Xncn-bp-Xv Fpw AwKo-I-cn-t aXn-bm-hq.
5

AXn-cn-s A-s\-bm-sW-n t]mepw hnZym-`ymkw sNt [aw kaq-l-n\v Bh-iy-amb hyXykvX sXmgn-ep-Iv th-Xmb ]cn-io-e-\hpw sshZ-Kvyhpw \IpI F-Xm-Wv. BZy-L--n Ghpw A\p-tbm-Py-am-b-h Ah sXscsSpn Fn-cn-pw. Fnepw, \ sXmgn hnZy-`ymkw t\Sn-b-h \ \ne-bn sXmgn sNbvXp Pohn-p-Ibpw th{X tbmKy-X-bn-msX DX hnZym-`ym-k-n\v t]mb-h ]Wn-In-msX Ae-bp-Ibpw sNp Ah hm Ime-{I-a-n\v sXmgn hnZy-`ym-k-n\v IqSq-X kzoIm-cyX Inpw Fp-I-cp-Xmw. lb skdn L-nse sshhn-[y-h-cWw hmkvX-h-n \psS thmt-j-W lbsk-dn hnZy`ymkw sImv Dt-in-ncp-Xv CXv Xs-bm-Wv. ]t \mw AXns\ \in-n-p. kvSp {]th-i\w Inm--hp ]nhm-Xn Bn amn. AhnsS kbkv ]Tn-m\pw XpSv hopw k-I-em-im-e-bntev t]mIm\pw DX-Ip coXn-bn AXns\ amn adn-p. CXv Xncp-p-I-bmWv BZyw thXv. sXmgn ]Tn-m hcp--bmsf \ sXmgn hnZ-KvZ Bm-\mWp \mw {ian-t--Xv. AXn \nv {i amd-cp-Xv. AXn\v th {]mtbmKnI ]cn-io-e-\w Ign-bp-n-S-tmfw sXmgnen-S-n Xs \IWw. icnpw ]Wn FSp-p--h Xs-bm-IWw ]cn-io-e-I. Ah Xs hne-bn-cp- \Sn t{KUv \I-Ww. Ahsc HmW-ddn Ckvs{S-Ivam-cmbn AwKoI-cn--Ww. AXym-hiyw th Xobdn am{Xta mnev ]Tn-m-m-hq. AXn\v th m^v am{Xta ncw A[ym-]-I-cmbn thq. kaq-l-ns Bhiyw A\p-k-cnv ]pXnb tImgvkpI XpS-m\pw Bhiyw Cm-h \nm-em-m\pw Ign-b-Ww. kaq-l-ns Bhiyw A\p-k-cn-p tImgvkp-I \n-bn-m\pw {]mtbm-KnI ]cn-io-e-\-n-\p sXmgn-en-S- Is-m\pw {]mtZ-inI `c-W-Iq-S--fpsS kl-I-cWw Dm-I-Ww. thmt-j hnjbw ]Tnv t\cnv sXmgn cwK-tbvv IS-p--hv ]nnSv IqSpX ]Tn-Ww Fv tXmn-bm AXn-\p kuIcyw Dm-I-Ww. {]mtbm-KnI A\p-`h k-n\p AwKo-Imcw \In-smv Ahv Untma tImgvkp-Ifn-tebvv s{IUnv \Imhp--Xm-Wv. t]mcm Xobdn hnj-b- IqSn ]Tnv Ahv Untma FSp-m Ign-b-Ww. ]s shmt-j-W tImgvkp-I Untma tImgvkn-\p Ipdp-p-hgn Bbn amd-cp-Xv. Cv thtjW lb skdnbn ]Tn-p Npcpw hnj-b-v ]pdsa kaq-l-n\v B-h-iy-ap \qdp- \qdp hnj-b- ]Tn-n-m Ign-b-Ww. H-hn-j-b-n\v ]Icw kam\ kz`m-h-ap Ipsd sNdp hnj-b- tNv Hcp Iqw Bbn ]Tn-m\pw Ign-b-Ww. DZm-l-c-W-n-\v, sXv Ibw , sXv ]cn-N-cWw, \mfn-tIc kwkvIcWw CsXmw IqSn Hcp kvs]jy-sse-tk-j AXp-t]mse d Smn-n-s\mw d ]cn-NcWhpw tcmK-Nn-Ikbpw - - Fmw ]Tn-n--Ww. Irjn F hn`m-K-n Xs CXp-t]m-ep ]e kvs]jy-ssetkj\p-I thWw. sk-dnXe-nse sshhn-[y-h-c-Ww. lb skdn Xe-nepw sXmgnhn-jb Ds-Sp-mw. ]s AXn-s Dtiyw - sXmgn hnZ-Kv[sc krjvSn-p-I-b-.-a-dnv sXmgnev taJ-e-sb-p-dnv Hcp Ah-t_m[w Dmp-I-bm-Wv. asmcp eyw kbkv , KWnXw XpS-nb hnj-b--fn Xmev]cyw Cm Ipn-Iv Ahbvv ]Icw sXmgn hnjbtfm Iem-Im-bnI hnj-b-tfm FSpv ]Tnm-\p kuIcyw sImSp-p-I. F-Xm-Wv. Fm Fm-hcpw Adn-n-cn-t kbkpw

KWn-Xhpw Ahcpw ]nSn-n-cn-t--Xp-v. AXn-\mbn o-se-hev tImgvkp-Ifpw Ah-bn Xm]cyw D-hmbn . Ase-h tImgvkpIfpw Dm-bn-cn--Ww. Ipn GXp hnjbnemtWm . Ase-h tImgvkvFSp-Xv B taJ-e-bn am{Xta XpSv ]Tn-p-hm Ignbq. Cu ]cn-jvImcw Cv Fkv. Fkv .F.kn Xe-n-ep tXmhnbpw A\m-h-iy-ambn t{KUv Dbn-sm-Sp-p Pbn-n-p-Xpw Hgn-hm-m CXp klm-bn-pw.AXn-t\-m D]cn-bmbn Ipn-Iv Xm]-cy-ap hnj-b--fn tI{o-I-cnv Ah-bn \ Ahmlw t\Sm CXv Dmlw \Ipw. kbtkm, KWn-Xtam Iyq-tdm Hs A seh Bbn FSp-p Ipnbpw Iem ImbnI sXmgn hnj-b- o-seh-en ]Tn-p-Xv Ah-cpsS ka{K hnI-k-\-n\v klm-bn-pw. `c-W-]-c-amb ]cn-jvIm-c- Ccw am- hnP-bn--W-sa-n A[ym-]-Ipw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Ipw CXns kmcw Dsm-m Ign-b-Ww. AXn\v `c-W-]-c-amb Nne ]cn-jvIm-c-fpw IqSn-tb-Xo-cq. Hv, sk-dnbpw shmt-jWl-b skdnbpw Iqn tbmPn-nv Hcp IpSogn BpI F-Xm-Wv. Fn am{Xta Ipn-Iv Cm-\p-k-cWw hnj-b--fpsS tImn-t\-j-\p-I FSp-m Ign-bq.- cv, sk-dn-X-es ss{]adn Xe-n \nv ths-Sp-pI F-XmWv. aq,v kvIqfp-I-fpsS hepw \nb-{n-p-I. Hmtcm mnepw aqtm \mtem Unhn-j-\p-Ifn IqSp-X ]mSn . mnse Ipn-I-fpsS Fhpw \m-Xn IqS-cp-Xv.