Lydia Hall & her Nursing Theory 1

Central Philippine University Iloilo City School of Graduate Studies MAN 601: Theoretical Framework in Nursing Health LYDIA HALLs Care, Core, Cure Model Prepared by: Ira Hope SalongaRN and Ayra Andrea Salvante RN Life History Born in New York City on September 21, 1906 and grew up in Pennsylvania. Graduated at York Hospital School of Nursing on1927, Bachelors in Public Health Nursing on 1932, and earns a Master of Arts degree in 1942 at Teachers College, Columbia University. She was an innovator, motivator, and mentor to nurses in all phases of their careers, and advocate for the chronically ill patient. She promoted involvement of the community in health-care issues. First director of Loeb Center for Nursing She derived from her knowledge of psychiatry and nursing experiences in the Loeb Center the framework she used in formulating her theory of nursing. These experiences might have given her insight in on the distinct roles of nurses in providing care for the patients and how the nurses can be of utmost importance in caring for these patients. Nursing Philosophy based on patient care Development of a mature self-identity that assists in the conscious selection of actions that facilitate growth. Hall viewed becoming ill is behavior. Illness is directed by ones feelings-outof-awareness, which are the roots of adjustment difficulties. Heal can be inferred to be a state of awareness with conscious selection of behaviors that are optimal for that individual. She stresses the need to help the person explore the meaning of his or her behavior to identify and overcome problems through developing self-identity and maturity.

Nursing Caring is the nurses primary function. Professional nursing is most important during the recuperative period. Nursing is identified as consisting of participation in the care, core and cure aspects of patient care. The major purpose of care is to achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate the development of core, i.e. the development of self-identity and selfdirection by the patient.

Nursing Process and Halls Theory Theory Overview Theory developed in late 1960s the age of 16, who were past the acute stage of illness, required a different focus of care than did the acutely ill.

Lydia E. Hall believed that patients over

Metaparadigm Person Client is composed of body, pathology, and person. People set their own goals and are capable of learning and growing. Environment Should facilitate achievement clients personal goals. of the

She demonstrated the effectiveness of

her theory in practice at the Loeb Center.

The three components of her theory are:

Care - based in the natural and biological sciences,

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Includes the intimate aspects of bodily care, and is exclusive to nursing.(Hands on bodily care) based in the social

Core sciences,

Involves the therapeutic use of self, and is shared with other members of the health care team.

teaching activities and 3.) helping the patient meet their needs where help is needed. This aspect provided the opportunity for closeness and required seeing the process as an interpersonal relationship. Hands-on care for patients produces an environment of comfort and trust and promotes open communication between nurses and patients.

- The major purpose of care is to

achieve an interpersonal relationship with the individual that will facilitate the development of the core.

and

Cure - based in the pathological therapeutic sciences

Involves working with the patient and family in relation to the medical care, and is shared with other members of the health care team.(The disease: applying medical knowledge) Cure - The second aspect of the nursing process is shared with medicine and is labeled as the cure.

Defines nursing as care performed by a professional. Patient care only from trained nurses. Care focused on individuals, families and communities.

- Hall comments on the two ways that this

medical aspect of nursing may be viewed. 1.) It may be viewed as the nurse assisting the doctor by assuming medical tasks or functions. 2.) The other view of this aspect of nursing is to see the nurse helping the patient through his or her medical, surgical, and rehabilitative care in the role of comforter and nurturer. Core - The third are that nursing shares with all of the helping professions is that of using relationships for therapeutic effect the core.

Care focused on maintaining optimal health and quality life from birth to end of life.

Care is an ongoing matrix of learning and teaching. *Core, Care and Cure Model Nursing is participation in care, core and cure aspects of patient care, where CARE is the sole function of nurses, whereas the CORE and CURE are shared with other members of the health team.

- Emphasizes

Care - part of the model reserved for nurses

- focused on performing that noble task of

nurturing the patients - motherly care provided by nurses - which may include, but is not limited to: 1.) provision of comfort measures, 2.) provision of patient

the social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual needs of the patient in relation to family, institution, community and the world. - Through the closeness offered by the provision of intimate bodily care, the patient will feel comfortable enough to explore with the nurse who he is, where he is, where he wants to go and will take or refuse help in getting there the patient will make amazingly rapid progress toward recovery and rehabilitation.

Lydia Hall & her Nursing Theory 3

- Hall believed that through this process, the patient would emerge as a whole person. Based on her view of the person as patient, Hall conceptualized nursing as having three aspects, and delineated the area that is the specific domain of nursing, as well as those areas that are shared with other professions. Hall believed that this model reflected the nature as a professional interpersonal process. She visualized each of the three overlapping circles as an aspect of the nursing process related to the patient, to the supporting sciences, and to the underlying philosophical dynamics. The circles overlap and change in size as the patient progresses through a medical crisis to the rehabilitative phase of the illness. In the acute care phase, the cure is the largest. During the evaluation and follow-up phase, the care circle is predominant.

Halls theory delineates definite ideas regarding nursing care being provided for by a professional nursing staff. The acceptance of this philosophy can be seen in the current shift toward professional staffing in many health care facilities, and in growing trends toward BSN as the minimum entry level requirement for professional practice. practicing nursing while completing their educational programmes, instead of practicing as practical doctors. Todays issues of narrowing the divide between nursing education and service, and of using nursing diagnoses as a guide for patient care instead of medical diagnoses support Halls concepts from her theory.

Hall emphasized the concept of nurses

Halls concept has been subjected to a

great amount of testing at the Loeb Center for Nursing. Evidence obtained through research at the center demonstrates that Halls theory does in fact obtain its goal of shortening patient recovery time through concentrates, professional nursing efforts.

Acceptance by the Nursing Community Halls theory is simple and easily understood. The major concepts and relationships are limited and clear. The three aspects of professional nursing are identified both individually and as they relate to each other in the total process of patient care. The language used to define and describe the theory is easily understood and is indigenous to nursing. importance of the total person needing care. It also was the first theory to perceive nurses as professionals and established that care should be given only by trained nurses. Hall also included care of the family in addition to the family, and focused on maintaining optimal health and quality of life

Halls theory has been tested at two

other facilities and has been found to be successful. These facilities still only care for adults mainly those over 65 years of age. The empirical precision of Halls theory continues to be limited and further testing in facilities not caring for adults will still be needed. The theory provides a general framework for nursing, and concepts are within the domain of nursing, although the aspects of cure and core are shared with other health professionals and family members. Although the theory does not provide for the resolution of specific issues and problems, it does address itself to the pertinent and contemporary issues of accountability, responsibility, and professionalism.

Hall's theory was the first to refer to the

Application of the Theory in Practice The theory demonstrates a great impact on the educational preparation of nursing

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students. Hall stated. With early field experience in the center where nursing rather than medicine is emphasized, the student may emerge a nurse first. She believed that nursing centers the student would benefit from experiencing nursing as it is taught to them in the classroom. Despite the shortcomings of Halls theory of nursing, her contribution to nursing practice is tremendous. Her insight into the problems of nursing in the 1960s has provided a base for professional practice in the multidimensional modern domain or nursing in the 1990s.

References: http://books.google.com/books? id=otzkowNBR2MC&pg=PA61&dq=Nursi ng+Theories+5th+Edition&hl=fil&ei=Rg1 KTvioM6vNmAWezKyNCA&sa=X&oi=book _result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CC8 Q6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Lydia %20Hall&f=false http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/ Lydia_Hall_Care_Cure_Core.html Balita, C.E., Ultimate Learning Guide to Nursing Review, 2004, p. 36, Ultimate Learning Series: Philippines