n|story Cf arentera| 1herapy

1637 llrsL recorded ln[ecLlon ln anlmals

Slr ChrlsLopher Wren
1833 llrsL subcuLaneous ln[ecLlons of drugs uslng hypodermlc needles
ur Alexander Wood
1920s roof of mlcroblal growLh resulLlng ln lnfecLlons
ur llorence SelberL
1926 lncluslon ln Lhe naLlonal lormulary
1933 AppllcaLlon of freeze drylng Lo cllnlcal maLerlals
1944 ulscovery of eLhelyne oxlde
1946 CrganlzaLlon of arenLeral drug AssoclaLlon
1961 uevelopmenL of lamlnar alr flow concepL
1963 uevelopmenL of 1oLal arenLeralnuLrlLlon(1n)
1970's Lo daLe Lmergence of novel drug dellvery sysLems/ paLches
/lmplanLs lonLophoresls LargeLed dellvery
1980's Lmergence of Pome PealLh Care and aLlenL ConLrolled
Analgesla concepLs
1982 lnsulln and bloLechnology producLs
aslcs of arenLeral uosage forms
W WhaL ls arenLeral ?
arenLeral dosage forms are Lhose admlnlsLered dlrecLly
lnLo body Llssues raLher Lhan vla allmenLary canal (oLher Lhan
lnLesLlne)
lL ls uerlved from Creek ( Lo avold Lhe lnLesLlnes" )
ara eslde LnLeron lnLesLlne
1hree lmporLanL rouLe of admlnlsLraLlon
1 SC ( 2ML)
2 l/M ( 2ML 3ML)
3 l/v (Plgh)
ouLe of AdmlnlsLraLlon
antages Cf arentera| |n|strat|on
lasLesL meLhod of drug dellvery (eg cardlac arresL asLhma shock)
vlable alLernaLlve Lo unsuccessful oral Lherapy
uncooperaLlve nauseous or unconsclous paLlenLs
Less paLlenL conLrol (le reLurn vlslLs)
Local effecL (eg denLlsLry anaesLheslology)
rolonged acLlon (eg lnLra arLlcular sLerolds lM penlclllln)
CorrecLlng serlous flulds and elecLrolyLe lmbalance
|saantages Cf arentera| |n|strat|on
AdmlnlsLered by Lralned personnel only uslng asepLlc procedures
aln on ln[ecLlon
ulfflculL Lo reverse an admlnlsLered drug's effecLs
ManufacLurlng and ackaglng requlremenLs
CosL
needle sLlcks