2

DIRECTIONS:

Each of the numhered items or incomplete statements in this section is followed by answers or completions of the statement. Select the ONE lettered answer or completion that is BEST in each case. Each multiple choice question is worth 1.5 points.
__ liters. (~

1.

The total volume of blood in the body of a 70 kg man is approximately A. 25-30 B.

D.
2.

2-4

E.

10-15 less than 2

5-6

While the kidneys

IS:

process about 180 L of blood-derived

fluids daily, the amount that actually leaves the body

A. D. 3.

50%, or 90 L 100 L pacemaker

B.
E. potential B.

all of the 180 L

10% of 18 L
of a cardiac conducting potassium ions both Band C

1%, or 1.5 L

The slow depolarization A. calcium ions D. both A and B

fiber is due tn which of the following? sodium ions

I.

E.

4.

The airway between the larynx and the primary bronchi is the: A. pharynx B. bronchiole D. alveolar duct E. laryngeal duct An animal tbat has a predominance A. aquatic D. salt water of very long loops of Henle probably B. terrestrial E. fresh water of: red blood cells none of the above time from each ventricle. cardiac output cannot be determined the flow of blood into the: efferent arteriole loop of Henle lives in a(n) __

trachea

5.

environment. arid

6.

The liquid portion of the blood is composed A. white blood cells D. all of the above

c!y

.J3l,

C.

platelet

7.

This is the volume of blood pumped in ~en A. stroke volume Q1J D. end systolic volume E. An obstruction in the glomerulus A. renal artery D. proximal tubule The common passageway )J larynx pharynx woul~k

C.

end-diastolic

volume

8.

\..B)
E.

C.

afferent arteriole

9.

6.

shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the: B. glottis C. E. esophagus the ventricular cardiac muscle undergoes Treppe isovolumetric system. C. __ contraction. C.

vestibule

10.

11.

During ventricular A. isometric isotonic

ejection,

B. E.

tetanic

(i;)
12.

Which of the following octopuses D. lobsters The partial pressure A. 40 mmHg D. 70 mmBg

animals would you expect to have a closed circulatory B. bivalve mollusks E. none of the above

crayfisli

of carbon dioxide in the interstitial space of peripheral @ 45 mmHg E. 100 mmHg

tissues is approximately: C. 50 mmHg

Dr. Bernard - Animal Physiology - Exam 3 - Fall 2010 - Page 1 of 8

13.

(JYJ
14.

increase in the threshold of the autorhythmic cells of the heart is due to: parasympathetic activity B. sympathetic activity D. neurogenic cells E. none of the above

e.

myogenic cells

@
15.

When the heart is beating at a rate of75 times per minute, the duration of one cardiac cycle is __ second(s). 60175 B 75/60 C. I D. 360017:=\ E. cannot be determined from the information given' In the cardiovascular system, blood pressure is lowest in the A. capillaries, capillaries B. veins, veins veins, capillaries veins, arterioles and highest in the -:-:-:---:-_-.,_ e. capillaries, veins

.l:J
16

Aortic bodies send signals (most directly) to the: A. diaphragm via nerves B. heart via hormones D. diaphragm via hormones medulla ohlongata via nerves

e.

heart via nerves

17

X
18.

X;

Which directly produces vasoconstricti~ erythropoeitin ~ Both A and B ~

angiotensin Both Band

renm

e
e.
ammonia

Which ofthe following is NOT secreted? A. hydrogen ions B. D. drug metabolites

potassium ions glucose

19.

Active expiration is produced by contraction of: A. abdominal muscles diaphragm D. external intercostals A and C

,A

c.

internal intercostals

20.

The fluid in the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule is similar to plasma, except that it DOES NOT contain a significant amount of: plasma proteins hormones B. A. glucose urea E. D. electrolytes Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to all EXCEPT which of the following? e. changes in pH changes in PO, A. changes in pea, all of the above ,y'? / E. D. changes in H'

21.

_)

'. "'\. ,

HK

22.

The blood pressure (BP) of a hypertensive patient is 200/110 mmHg. His heart is pumpmg 6 hters/mlll at 80 L ~ts per minute. The right atrial pressure is 5 mmHg. The stroke volume is: Co E:, b co"' {J2' 75 rnl B. 100 mI C. I liter/min :=15 D. 75 em/sec E. None of the above Err:> Single-unit smooth muscle is found: A. in the iris of the eye () in the uterus E. In the walls oflarge blood vessels

23.

B. D.

at the base of bair follicles in large airways to the lungs

24.

iJJ'

X '6

The factor favoring filtrate formation at the glomerulus is: the colloid osmotic pressure of blood )S the presence of proteins in the blood ff the glomerular hydrostatic pressure

the capsular hydrostatic pressure the absence of proteins in the filtrate

Dr. Bernard - Animal Physiology - Exam 3 - Fall 2010 - Page 2 of 8

,
25. Jill lives with her cat in St. Louis which is close to sea level. She decides to take her cat and spend a month 0 her summer vacation in the mountains outside of Denver (Jill is not an Animal Physiology student). After a week in the mountains, what kinds of changes would you expect to see in Jill's cat as it adapts to the higher altitude? decreased blood pressure B. A. decreased hematocrit decreased alveolar ventilation rate D. C. decreased PO, in the blood decreased PO, in the alveoli The component of the nerve only innervates the sino-atrial node and atrioventricular node of the vertebrate heart. parasympathetic; cardiac B. sympathetic; cardiac sympathetic; vagus D. parasympathetic; vagus None of the above; the heart is myogenic E. The problem of electrical discontinuity caused in the normal heart by the from the ventricles is solved by: having the A-V node function as a secondary pacemaker A. having an ectopic pacemaker B. coordinating electrical activity in the atria with electrical activity C. via the vagus nerve coordinating electrical activity in the atria with electrical activity via the bundle of His coordinating electrical activity in the atria with electrical activity via the Purkinje fibers Each thin filament consists of: a pair of protein strands wound together Jl. chains of myosin molecules C. 6 molecules coiled into a helical structure ..IY. a rod shaped structure with "heads" projecting from each end ). a double strand of myosin molecules connective tissue separating the atria

26.

27.

in the ventricles by connecting them in the ventricles by connecting them in the ventricles by connecting them

28.

29.

F~tions of the respiratory system include all of the following, EXCEPT: ~/ remove some chemicals and produce others )6., control body temperature defend against microbes @ eliminate carbon dioxide from the tissues regulate acidity and alkalinity in the blood

7K

30.

At the onset of ventricular systole, the A-V valves snap shut. This closure is due to: higher pressure in the atria relative to the ventricles B higher pressure in the ventricles relative to the atria higher pressure in the venae cavae relative to the atria ~ . D. higher pressure in the arteries (pulmonary and aorta) relative to the ventricles E. contraction of the small muscles which attach to the valves Jhich of the following features distinguishes cardiac muscle cells from skeletal muscle fibers? ~ The former are mononucleate while the latter are multinucleate. B. Only the latter have T-tubules. C. Only the former have sarcoplasmic reticulum. D. Only the latter require elevated cytoplasmic calcium for excitation-contraction coupling. E. Only the former have mitochondria.

31.

Dr. Bernard - Animal Physiology - Exam 3 - Fall 2010 - Page 3 of 8

32.

Which of the following statements regarding closed circulatory systems is FALSE? A. They function in the transportation of nutrients, hormones, antibodies and salt throughout

the various

ffiI

C.
D.

E.

organ systems within the body. In a closed circulatory system, blood pumped by the heart directly bathes individual cells. They function in thermoregulation. They comprise a heart, arterial system, capillaries and venous system. They are made necessary by the large size of organisms that have them and the large distances between nutrient sources and cells. are moved from blood to nephron by: filtration reabsorption secretion Choices A, B and Care all correct. Choices A and C are correct, but B is not.

33.

,Wastes ~

..--.fl~
C.

--IY.

@
A.

34.

Surfactant: protects the surface of the lungs B. phagocytizes small particulate matter ~ replaces mucus in the alveoli (n) helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing E. is not found in healthy lung tissue Which is greatest? A. the nurrlher of spontaneous action potentials delivered by the AV node B. the number of action potentials spontaneously generated by the AV node the number of action potentials spontaneously generated by the SA node D. the number of action potentials received by the SA node E. They are all the same - no differences.

35.

...
36.

ff;;;

Air moves into the lungs of a giraffe because: ,/ the gas pressure in the lungs is less than outside pressure ~ the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration the thorax is muscular J!f. contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity

Z J"

all of the above

37.

J
38.

The plateau phase of the cardiac muscle action potential is due to: A. the movement of fewer sodium ions across the cell membrane the calcium channels remaining open longer than the sodium channels C. the increased membrane permeability to potassium ion D. a decrease in the amount of calcium diffusing across the membrane E. an increased membrane permeability to sodium ions

If tropomyosin were magically removed from a muscle, then you would expect the muscle to: fiJ contract and stay contracted until it ran out of ATP ~ be unable to have an action potential move down its cell membrane initiate a contraction upon the application of an artificially applied stimulus initiate a contraction upon intracellular application of calcium ,E. be unable to contract no matter what you did

f::
.r5.

Dr. Bernard - Animal Physiology - Exam 3 - Fall 2010 - Page 4 of 8

39,

Sympathetic stimulation of the heart increases cardiac output by:

A. increasing heart rate

@
40,

B. C. D'l

increasing increasing increasing All of the

the rate at which the pacemaker potential depolarizes to threshold the number of cross-bridges that can form during contraction the strength of contraction above are correct.

Ail of the following are true of insects, EXCEPT: A, have a tracheal system for a respiratory system B. inhaled air is typically within I mrn or less of every cell C. have an open circulatory system D, have a peristaltic tube heart @ the primary function of blood is to carry oxygen and carbon dioxide Which of the following is true regarding the cardiac cycle. A. When the atria contract, the pressure within them rise and blood is ejected into the ventricles causing
the semilunar valves to open.

41.

The ventricles contract independently to ensure proper blood flow to the pulmonary and systemic
circuits.

E. 42.

Since blood is' returned to the right atrium first, it contracts before the left atrium. As the ventricles begin to relax, intraventricular pressure falls below the pressures in the aorta and pulmonary trunk. None of the above is true.

The following is a list of some of the structures of the respiratory tree. I. secondary bronchi 11. bronchioles
lit.
IV,

alveolar ducts primary bronchi

respiratory bronchioles alveoli VII, 'terminal bronchioles A~ in which air passes through these structures is: order
VI.
~ IV, I, 1l,.'vU,

v.

v,

Ill,

VI

,~

=c.
~

... .", ... . 11, IV, 1., VB, V, 111, VI

iv, i, ii, V, vii, iii, vi i, iv, ii, v, vii, iii, vi i, iv, II, vii, v, iii, vi

43.

j' .

An increase in the permeability of the cells of the collecting tubule to water is due to: a decrease in the production of ADH ~ an increase in the production of ADH ~ a decrease in the solute concentration of the blood plasma l1, an increase in the production of aldosterone ;& an increase in blood pressure All of the following are true, EXCEPT: The contraction time of a twitch occurs faster than the relaxation time. )f Muscle tetanus usually results from a rapid series of stimuli. C. A twitch lasting 100 milliseconds would be an appropriate time frame. A stimulus given during a twitch can lead to the initiation of a second twitch on top of the first with a magnitude slightly larger than the first. One thing that is happening during the lag time of a twitch is the actin is sliding retative to the myosin. -::

44.

I-

J@

Dr. Bernard - Animal Physiology - Exam 3 - Fall 2010 - Page 5 of 8

45.

lt is true regarding bird respiration that: A. the posterior air sac is a good place for diffusion of oxygen into the blood B. the posterior air sac is made larger by contraction of the bird's diaphragm C. the anterior air sac is made larger by contraction of the bird's diaphragm @ laminar flow rather than valves keeps the air going where it is supposed to )'it is a myth that bird bones have air filled cavities An increase in afferent arteriolar pressure will result in all of the following EXCEPT: an increase in GFR B. an increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure an increase in the osmotic pressure of the glomerular capillaries ..J). a somewhat greater output of urine an increase in pressure in the efferent arteriole

46.

47,

@
48.

Damage to the phrenic nerves of a horse would: A. increase respiratory rate B, increase the volume of a normal inspiration result in decreased alveolar ventilation D. result in greater pressure differences between the lungs and the outside air during inspiration E, have no effect on pulmonary ventilation An isometric contraction is a contraction in which: tension (or force) increases, hut length stays the same B. tension (or force) stays the same, but length increases C. tension (or force) stays the same, and length stays the same D. tension (or force) stays the same, but length decreases E. tension (or force) decreases, and length decreases

...
49,

During inspiration: A. the diaphragm flattens B. the rib cage broadens in all directions the scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles do not playa role until breathing deepens W AandB A, B, and C

s;..

'f5i:

50.

51.

A vertebrate motor unit is: A. a muscle and the motor neurons that innervate it B. a muscle fiber and tbe motor neurons that innervate it a motor neuron and the muscle fibers it innervates D, a motor neuron and the muscle it innervates E, None of the above.

(j;>

All of the following are true, EXCEPT: the vital capacity is the volume of the lungs B. the mammalian lung fills by a process of negative pressure created by the diaphragm C. trachea is part of the dead space D. respiration often involves a significant loss of water E, frogs can do a significant amount of respiration through their skin

52.

Ventilation is easier in air than in water because: A. air has less CO, B. there are more terrestrial plants making oxygen than their aquatic plants J; oxygen diffuses more rapidly in water (9: air is less dense and vi cous than water E. more energy i required to move air than to move water

Dr. Bernard - Animal Pbysiolog

- Exam 3 - Fall 2010 - Page 6 of 8

1.

Explain why muscles become rigid several hours after an animal dies. (5 points)

2.

Draw and completely

label graphs depicting how alveolar pressure, intrapleural

pressure and

the volume of air moved by the lungs change during a normal respiratory

cycle. (6 points)

3.

Name the chambers, and the vessels that exit the mammalian heart as well as the pressures in each chamber vessel, respectively. (6 points)

4.

List the primary functions of the excretory systems. (5 points)

5.

n1>'" 1It.n\ Trace a drop of blood from the time it enters the pulmonary circulation systemic circulation (10 points).

until it leaves the

\~~ ~M:'

6.

Choose one of the following

to answer

A.

List the types of arterial 02 abnormalities points)

(hypoxia) that may be present in mammals,(5

B.
C.

" """iii<" <.O(\C-\'oc'" N List the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle in sequence, beginning with atrial systoie List the nonrespiratory functions of aquatic respirers (5 points)
w

(hint: include the positions of the valves and serially number each event) (8 points)