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Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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BP%1
#RB0% #&+~&
2L-75.
3-u _ M0 M:
4S4= &6
:`\ %&L4%53M%
%,
%LL
%\'
L45
6
Li
s 7
=LLwB0+
tu\'&%,+#%1
R5.
3-<'#+-+-7
C4
%5=<6 #7
R5.
3-uBP2
,#,#%
C{!
A
%LL
%6
ioff + iampl*exp[-(t-td)*df]*sin[2*3.14*freq*(t-td) +
+ 3.14*Phase/180] ,
td < t < TSTOP
:`\ %&L4%53M%
s 7
'7L%,
%,+-
T ?- :`_E
D
? g?
? g?
? g?
s 7
=LLwB0+
tu\'&%,+#%1
R5.
3-
_%,2';(~&
2+ 9w)*%
F5+-8
+-%1)*7
F)*
]_^`2'
C C4=
t : TY ? W g Y*\t
C4t W YAt g ??T
C4t D :xW YAt g ??T D ?
CDRvuG ::]T ? DvG :] I T 2t T 2tW:
RB8W
RB8W:
SBqr
?
SBCT@??$
RB7K
CPY W
g ??$WJt T :Ci2I g ??$W g ??$W T g r5A ]
K
vu
%,+-+M
*B#7
t
t
C)
C)
+ +-
%,
%LL
%\'
Li7
+-
L
D *B0
s 7
' 7L%,
%,+-
T ?M :`_E
D
T ? :`8E=D
44
vu
%,+-+M
*B#7
t
t
C)
B d
B
7
F6=
7
J<name> <d> <g> <s> <model> [<area>
>]
<d> <g> <s> = nodurile corespunzatoare drenei, grilei si sursei
<model>
= numele modelului
<area>
= factor de arie
Exemple:
JIN 100 1 0 JFAST
J13 22 14 23 JNOM
+ 2.0
K***
- bobine cuplate
Forma generala:
K<name> L<name> < L<name> >* <coupling>
K<name> < L<name> >* <coupling> <model> [<size>]
L<name>* = numele bobinelor cuplate
M
<coupling> = factor de cuplaj 0 K =
1
L1 + L2
<model> = numele modelului. Se poate defini bobina, neliniara, cu miez
feromagnetic, cu histerezis.
<size> = factor de scala pentru aria transversala a bobinei neliniare.
Exemple:
KTUNED L3OUT L4IN .8
KXFR1 LPRIM LSEC .99
KXFR2 L1 L2 L3 L4 .98 KPOT_3C8
L*** bobina
Forma generala:
L<name> <+node> <-node> [model] <value> [IC=<initial>]
<+node>, <-node> = nodurile pozitiv si negativ
45
Exemple:
LLOAD 15 0 20mH
L2
1 2 .2e-6
LCHOKE 3 42 LMOD .03
LSENSE 5 12 2uH IC=2mA
M ***- tranzistor MOSFET.
Forma generala:
M<name> <d> <g> <s> <sub> <mdl> [L=<value>] [W=<value>]
+[AD=<value>] [AS=<value>] [PD=<value>] [PS=<value>]
+[NRD=<value>] +[NRS=<value>] [NRG=<value>]
57*B'#
)*+M=[NRB=<value>]
7
%i$ $%&%
,
/ <d>, <g> <s>, <sub>= nodurile
sursei i substratului
6 1 !"
#6&(,#,#%
G
Exemple:
M1 14 2 13 0 PNOM L=25u W=12u
M13 15 3 0 0 PSTRONG
M2A 0 2 100 100 PWEAK L=33u w=12u AD=288p AS=288p PD=60u PS=60u
+ NRD=14 NRS=24 NRG=10
Q*** - tranzistor bipolar
Q<
< name>
> <c>
> <b>
> <e>
> [<
<subs>
>] <model>
> [<
<area>
>]
<c> <b> <e> = nodurile corespunzatoare colectorului si bazei
<subs>= nod al substratului ( optional )
<model> = numele modelului
<area> = factor de arie
Exemple:
46
Q1 14 2 13 PNPNOM
Q13 15 3 0 1 NPNSTRONG 1.5
Q7 VC 5 12 [SUB] LATPNP
R*** - rezistor
Forma generala:
R<name> <+node> <-node> [<model>] <value>
<+node>, <-node> = nodurile pozitiv si negativ
<model> = numele modelului
<value> = valoarea rezistentei in
Exemple:
RLOAD 15 0 2k
R2 1 2 2.4e4
R*** N1 N 2 <VALUE> <MNAME> <L= LENGTH> <W = WIDTH>
S*** - intrerupator controlat in tensiune
Forma generala:
S<name> <+node> <-node>
<+control>
<-control>
#7%<'$)*%,+M%,.
/P%
+-%,.;<model>
=%,
+74# '+-#,#%
<+node>,
<-node>
=
5
+ 1 5$
+719!"
$#%&('$)*%,+-%,./0%
+-%1.2&(+-
SBP%1#
%%
F
8
command Uc
<model> = numele modelului
Exemple:
S12 13 17 2 0 SMOD
SRESET 5 0 15 3 RELAY
Forma general :
T<name><A+><A-><B+><B->Z
=<value>[TD=<val> | F=<val>[NL=<val>]]
47
<A+>, <A-> =
!Q%,\'
3-=575+-%-Bw+M%5
Forma general :
V<name> <+node> <-node> [[DC] <value>] [AC <mag> [<phase>]]
+ [ <transient> ]
]_^:'%53-%%&CB#
+FB0%,%7=5#25&
=uB#PB0=%,
'
+-==5#7
+
I***.
Exemple:
VBIAS 13 0 2.3mV
VAC 2 3 AC .001
VACPHS 2 3 AC .001 90
VPULSE 1 0
+ PULSE(-1mV 1mV 2ns 2ns 2ns 50ns 100ns)
V3 26 77 DC .002 AC 1
+ SIN(.002 .002 1.5MEG)
W*** -
i
+ =
4M5w"
Forma general :
W<name>
<+node>
<-node> <vname> <model>
F 8
9!"
$#%&('$)*%,+-%,./0%
+-%1.2&(~
+ #'+M4#,#%
.
!"
#6&CB#0B0% (+-
SBP%1#
=57%5#7
+'7)*%,
+M(%16=
5\
1 !"
#6&(,#,#% g
Exemple:
W12 13 17 VC WMOD
WRESET 5 0 VRESET RELAY
X*** - subcircuit
48
Forma generala:
X<name> [<node>]* <sname> [PARAMS: <<par>=<val>*>]
<node>* = nodurile la care este conectat subcircuitul
<sname> = numele subcircuitului. Acesta este definit asfel:
SUBCKT <sname> [<node>]*
..........
ENDS <sname>
Examples:
X12 100 101 200 201 DIFFAMP
XBUFF 13 15 UNITAMP
3. Liniile de comand
Forma general :
.AC [LIN][OCT][DEC] <points> <start> <end>
B0(.%)*=L-5.
3-
&%,
%0*'=5+-.uB0#x'
5 g
[LIN], [OCT],
[DEC]
'%,
+4B79!"
#4#<'#
5+-CI&+-+M'
+#J.%
+-<G#C-\*'
5+M.('
+#J.%
-+
Example:
.AC LIN 101 10Hz 200Hz
.AC OCT 10 1KHz 16KHz
.AC DEC 20 1MEG 100MEG
F54 $!w
4iSS
Forma general :
.DC [LIN] <varname> <start> <end> <incr> [<nest>]
.DC [OCT][DEC] <varname> <start> <end> <points> [<nest>]
.DC <varname> LIST
#<value>*
=
7[<nest>]
+-#,#%%,
'
+<+-
RB0%,#
CB0#;5#7
+
<varname>
=
5#% .7<.%&)*
[LIN],
+M[OCT],
4#,#% [DEC]
B +-4+i
$9!".$%&
%,
%,3-%u/0%L4%,
('
+#J.7
+-$4#1#%
'%,
+4B79!"
#4#<'#
5+-('
+#J.7%=
7+-#,#% '
+&4#;57CB0
L5=
%1)*
%,
5w9!"'*B#=%,
576
+M<'
+#x.7=
7+-#,#%
*B+&9!Q,+
7+-_%,
'
+54#% '7+4#B0<.%&)*
G#C : !Q
%1)* '
+&4#;x%iB+-=<.7% .,#Q<.$%%
+-$4#1#% .
Exemple:
49
,
. END
.ENDS -
0
4 5 SRS-iiu
F6=
7
.ENDS [<name>]
<name> = numele subcircuitului
Exemplu:
.ENDS 741
.FOUR
-Analiza Fourier
Forma general :
.FOUR <freq> <output
L-5.
3-
var>*
5$\'$
+-%L-#
+-
<freq>
=
#+' #+_.qN\!O.%&y% '
+4# 572B0J */+-x
&%1)* # % V5*B+-x
%1)*
.INC SETUP.CIR
.INC C:\\PSLIB\\VCO.CIR
.LIB - Utilizarea unei biblioteci de modele si subcircuite
Forma
general
!
#:.LIB
[<name>]
%,y 7%%i %,
5,#RB0%,. 5& 5
' %,
5%,'
NOM.LIB
Exemple:
.LIB
.LIB OPNOM.LIB
.LIB C:\\PSLIB\\QNOM.LIB
.MC -Analiza Monte Carlo
Forma general :
.MC <#runs> [DC][AC][TRAN] <opvar> <func> <option>*
<#runs> = numar de simulari Monte Carlo
[DC] [AC] [TRAN] = tipul de analiz
=%*/0%,7('
+4#;57CB0=L45=
%Z)* A 2+-=(&
<opvar>
L-#
59!Q=L-#marimile
53-%='%&5+-(.7%{7%,6%&8=%*/0%,7('
+#2=y3M%,
AOtJ5A C-\[ C :]
Exemple:
.MC 10 TRAN V(5) YMAX
.MC 50 DC IC(Q7) MIN LIST
.MC 20 AC VP(13,5) RISE_EDGE(1.0) LIST
OUTPUT ALL
<type>
CAP
IND
RES
D
NPN
PNP
Tip
condensator
bobina
rezistor
dioda
tr.bipolar NPN
tr.bipolar PNP
51
Q***
J***
J***
M***
M***
B***
K***
S***
W***
N***
O***
LPNP
NJF
PJF
NMOS
PMOS
GASFET
CORE
VSWITCH
ISWITCH
DINPUT
DOUTPUT
tr.lateral PNP
JFET canal N
JFET canal P
MOSFET canal N
MOSFET canal P
GaAsFet canal N
miez neliniar
/0%
<param>
parametri la valorile <value
.
+#=5#x<value>
+-&
3M[< tol>]
+-1"-~&setarea
J' 5
anumitor
+-
vu4)*=%iB+-<'+7%_5
9+-.(+M%,'#7%
%iB'$)*%,+-%1.C/0%
#
** pentru rezistor
Nume
R
TC 1
TC 2
TCE
R***
Unitate
Val. predefinita
1.0
_
C-1
0.0
0.0
C-2
/0 -
0.0
E DF C E(<:
Nume
C
VC1
VC2
TC1
Parametru
coeficient de amplificare pentru
capacitate
coeficient liniar de tensiune
coeficient patratic de tensiune
coeficient liniar de temperature
52
Unitate
-
Val.predefinita
1.0
V-1
V-2
0 -1
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
TC2
C-2
0.0
<valoare> = CNOM.C.(1+VC1.
3-+VC
2).[1+TC1(T-TNOM)+TC2(TTNOM)2]
%% 2.
CNOM = valoarea capacit
la temperatura TNOM
~
TNOM = valoarea nominal a temperaturii. Se poate specifica n linia de comand
.OPTIONS
= tensiunea pe condensator
T = temperatura
IL1
IL2
TC1
TC2
Unitate
-
Val.predefinita
1.0
A-1
A-2
0 -1
C
0 -2
C
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
2
2
<valoare> = LNOM*L*(1+IL
).[1+TC
(T-TNOM)+TC
2(T-TNOM) ]
%,
#5+M1
.i+IL
3-%<2.i+-\
'+# 1=
FJE A
LNOM
FxE A =!"valoarea
+-\'+# <
%,
T = temperatura
**
'
+#B
#
D 76+&%%
b)*%iB+-
3-$
b)*%iB+-
3-
L4L
+-
RB0%,#
==5
+7 '
+&4#B+-7
$
+-
RB0%,#
==5
+7 '
+&4#B+-7
L4L
-x8
1-x8
N N<'
+#B
#
-x8
x
- _
5 =
4Mw>0iSS (
5 =
4Mw
vC
%1+-+-
s
? g?
vC %1+-+-
D 76+&%
b)*%iB+-
3-$
b)*%iB+-
3-
L4L
5 #
+=5
+& '
+4#B+-7$
5 #
+=5
+& '
+4#B+-7
L4L
53
\
=
D76+&%
5 #7
+uB0+#73-%
b)*%-Bw+M
3-=%5
5L4%&5%
+=6%iB0%
+-%,2';<+
`)*%,+
5'5%,+-+-
53M%,#
%%
'+-
+-%&,#%
53M%,#
%%
5L4%&5%
+#= 77
%
5+-%1.
^:'
+<+-2'+&#=5#7
+#,#%
CB0+# 3-%&
5L4%&5%
+b)* +L4%&5|
^:'
+<)* 6$+SL%5|
5L%5%
+'
+&4#;L42#=5'5%,+M3-%%
~
x'7%1)*7
%15+-
+M
RB0%,#
=uBw+&'#
7
5#7
+#<+-
RB0%,#
CB+7'#
vC
%1+-+-
t
:
s
s
?
?
gr
T g ?$] Y
DF76+7%% $8,+-_%iB'$)*%,+M%,.uBw#
+')*
+-3-% ~
;+-%1#J~&
Jy%,y% L% g
Exemple:
.MODEL RMAX RES (R=1.5 TC=.02 TC2=.005)
.MODEL QDRIV NPN (IS=1e-7 BF=30)
.MODEL DLOAD D (IS=1e-9 DEV 5% LOT 10%)
F
S5 [ *
)
*w
*[ 4
F6=
7
.NODESET
iSR
F
g
9!"
#
+M4#,#%%,
'
+<+-
RB0%,#
CB0#;5#7
+5
5
RB+-%,+&#%uBw# PB0=<)* 6$+
%,.19! L-5.
3-<'
+#;5uB0(+-%1'*B+-uB#'%16
+M85
+7%,y# 3-%=L4%57%
B#0BP=b)* +# +-$+-5%15#%1+#,#% g
54
.OP
Forma general :
.OP
w 8
tinuu
.OPTIONS - Optiuni
Forma general :
.OPTIONS [<fopt>*] [<vopt>=<value>*]
3
<fopt>,<vopt> = op iuni care nu cer sau cer atribuirea unor valori <value>
Acestea_sunt:
B0(+M%,'7*BP5<+-%,2'%=55#
,
%,
%5=
+-=%,
B#y5%15#%1+-C/0% '76+&%%5*B+-7
. / %iB+-)*=%,
%%=%,
;L%i/0%=<y%,y&%+-5%&
.
&%iB+-)*
+-=
%1
+7
-
+-%1'*/+-<+-y1#
#7%$
- >- B#'7%,
&%iB+-
- -
B#'7%,
&%iB+-<'76+&%&{,#1#%
-,
B#'7%,(' %,
7
#+M6+M
-,b
+M%,'7*/w+M(.&%=%L7%,+-_'3-%,#
%
= -. ! .,# B05 %,2y<.7=7%%yRB0,# +-('
+#25#
+ g s
(
( J
\!
(#.
(
!
!
A!
7
%
%
=
%
L
#
)*7
uB#PB0% '
+&4#;%iB':)*%,+-%,.!
A 1
E : g
s 7<' L4%,
%,+-=*Bw+M ? g ?
. 1# B05 %,2y(.7
,#
%,%%5
,#1#% '
+#;%iB'$)*%,+M%,.!
A 1
E : g s 7
DR L4%,
%,+-=*Bw+M;@T ?? g ? g
.
,
#
A 1
E : g s &
B05 %,2y(.7
7 %,%%5
,#,#% '
+#;%iB'$)*%1+-%,.!
'7L%,
%,+M
*B+-6@T ?? g ? g
.,#
B05 %,2y(.7
,#%
A Ci2$5
$#5+-
3-<%,
%,
55' +-+-=(#
%
+# % g s 7<' L4%,
%,+-=*Bw+M;T g ? ] T W g
.1#
B05 %,2y
#6#
6^`%1 $6%iB %,+-73-%%
'
+# +M4%,
7' g B g L g
-.
,
.
!
s 7
.x!
.,#
.x!
.,#
. ! .,#
+&
)*%1+-7%,#V
.
1- C!
! .1#
&3-%,
L%i/0%#,#%=%*/0%,7**~
x
#8=55+MuI.7('7L%,
%,+M5?:K
,
,
]_^`2'
:xE
] E xE A E A(]8G_E
G_! g ?T
g E
DF CwE<>
: t (( u8
] SG_!(T W# u_
] !#
g E
DF CwE<>
,
,
*$Q%
F6=
7
* 4 54
[<opvar>*]
56
7 ) #,+M+-[DC],[AC],[NOISE],[TRAN]
Exemple:
.PRINT DC V(3) V(2,3) V(R1) IB(Q13)
.PRINT AC VM(2) VP(2) VG(5) II(7)
.PRINT NOISE INOISE ONOISE DB(INOISE)
R#
53-%
tBB:Ii^K
:
(\Ii^K
:
bI&^ K
] uDI&^ K
GE
I&^K
GE
"@T ?`Ii^K
A Ii^K
DI&^K
=Ii^K
C A
Ii^K
Ii^K
D =Ii^ `K
:Ci2I&^K
(1
E :Ii^K
t
2I&^K
t t=\Ii^K
tub(t=\Ii^K
`Ii^K
B I&^ K
tCs
Ii^K
A :I&^K
A C-\Ii^K
AOt xI&^ K
: 2
%L%53-%&
I&^ K
TIi^ ?$KP ?`Ii^! ?$K7 TI&^ ?$K
^ >
,
RIi^K
`Ii^K
6 #,#,#% ^
L4)*uI&~
; K
1#%`^
'+-(7=
1#%`^
'+-
%16 %1
==,#%`^
~
+-w)*%7
#'x'
+&4#\^6I-%1
6B7K
I&^ K
B0%,
\^[^J~
x %
%
5`B8^R[^J~
x%&
%
+-
\^[^J~
x7%
%
5+M
x^R*~
x %
%
55+M
x^R*~
x %
%
7%,.+-=,#%`^J~
x'4+5#;yRB05%iB0
%,
+- $=,#%`^J~
;%,
+M4.1#L4%1
%,+'
+#;yRB05%iB0
.7<#
%=,#%`^J'
%1
+-.,#L%,
%,+'
+4#;yRB05%iB0
.7=L45+-%1.
=,#%`^2%,
;%,
+M4.1#L4%1
%,+'
+#;yRB05%iB0
6%1
%,2# '43M%% ==,#%`^
6^%,\#'43-%&%7=
1#%`^
Exemple:
.PROBE
.PROBE v(2) I(R2) VBE(Q13) VDB(5)
.PROBE/CSDF
G5&*/P% ) #,+-+<B0 0#
\#+-%%Z) 9
9
%,# 75?t 5?M{75;^'*B B0%
g : u
*Bw+Mx#
,
w
iSR
"+ )R %$
Exemplu:
.SENS V(9) V(4,3) I(VCC)
.STEP -
F54 $!w
{
58
Forme generale:
.STEP [LIN] <varname> <start> <end> <incr>
.STEP [OCT][DEC] <varname> <start> <end> <points>
.STEP <varname> LIST <value>*
[LIN], [OCT],[DEC], LIST - se variaza variabila <varname> liniar, pe
B0#x~
x'#
5+M .,#qNBw'5%L4%&5+-(~&
2&%iB+-
octave, peB+-decade
4+i
$9!".7%=(~&
5'#+{/0%SBPL 90/P%1+S&(.7%y%&
<incr> = incrementul
<points> = num rul de puncte
Exemple:
.STEP VIN -.25 .25 .05
.STEP LIN I2 5mA -2mA 0.1mA
.STEP RES RMOD(R) 0.9 1.1 .001
.STEP TEMP LIST 0 20 27 50 80
.STEP PARAM X 1 5 0.1
.SUBCKT - Definirea unui subcircuit
Formele generale:
.SUBCKT <name> [<node>*] [PARAMS: <par>[=<val>]* ]
<name> = numele subcircuitului
<node>* = nodurile extreme ale subcircuitului. Niciunul nu poate fi zero.
PARAMS: <par> [ = <val>]* - setarea unor parametri
Exemple:
.SUBCKT OPAMP 1 2 101 102
.SUBCKT FILTER IN OUT PARAMS: CENTER, WIDTH=10KHz
.TEMP - Temperatura
Forma generala:
.TEMP <value>*
/
<value>* = valorile temperaturii pentru care se dore te analiza circuitului
Exemple:
.TEMP 125
.TEMP 0 27 125
54i4i4SRSS4SRS *$
w
iSR
F6=
7
" )R
%$&" 3 %$
'.w9!".7%y%&
=%*/0%,7
%,'RB759!"
#
+M4#,#%
5#% . <' )*%,
+-(.%y%=
%1
+
Exemple:
.TF V(5) VIN
59
Forma general :
.TRAN[/OP] <pstep>
[<noprint>
'*<ftime>
B#<+-%,2'J
'
+#257u[<ceiling>]]
BP=L%i/0)*(7[SKIPBP]
) #,+-+&#
<pstep>
=
Li+M%,6
!"+-%,2'#L%,
'
+#;5uB0
*/+-=
%Z)*(+7
)*%,+M%&
'7%,
+i !"+-%1\'#%1
%,+-% '
+4#;57CB0=7*/+-
L%i/07(7) #,+-+M
5%%,
$ !
5 %,3-%%&8%, %1+-%=L%, %,+-=%, ;%, %%=%,.0B08&6 +M
[SKIPBP] = folosirea
=5%,75#%,+{B0#25&5#+-=L4 `B0%,
2B0+-7%=%,
;%,
%&
=5
g C
Exemple:
.TRAN 1nS 100nS
.TRAN/OP 1nS 100nS 20nS SKIPBP
.TRAN 1nS 100nS 0nS .1nS
.WATCH -
!w<4i
F
F6= 7
:
.WATCH [DC] [AC] [TRAN] <<varname> <l, h>>*
[DC], [AC], [TRAN] = tipul analizei
#(.%y%%SI' 9
=<+7%.%y%bK_/0%&%,6%1+-
<varname> <l, h> =
B0=%,
L%&u/0%SBw# '%&
Exemple:
.WATCH
.WATCH
.bR*$iQ*4i 4
.WIDTH
- =
7
F6
?
w"-0i
4Rbi0
-
")S5 4 $
.
1 !O
##_\5
2L4%Z^`+_'
+# %,
%%&\ %,
L4%i/0%#_2%*/0%,7 g DF+-2L4%~
+
]_^`2'
g C Ebv !
5?
60
!Y
V&%!Y
V
%& g T g T g
B,
KQ]R! T s\V
y KQ
] S!9Ws\V
5K $ !9W V
!9W:s2V ] !9WFN C V
C"! ! T t2V[ !"
! T
!" ! T V"R!9W V
%& g T g W g
(' 7.
.!-
R AB 0 =
:`=+-6%,
+-$4#5 %1.
+<+-
RB0%,#
%,
+<y
<Bt g
DF
+#;+-6%1
<7)*%iB+-
+-%5%,.
+-b*),+bBP<'*B0%,.%Z)*)*
5%,75#%,+&# g
61
U g
1
b) #,+-=5#+-%&%
I1 + I3 = I2
2I1 2I 3 = 0
2I = 2I + U
1
# 3
I2 = 1A
%,
x#1+-%,
5#+-%% ) #,+-<vu!+? 7*B'5+-%,.
R AB 0 =
DF
+#;
+-4%,
U AB0
U
= 0
1A
I2 = I4
I1 + I 3 = I 2
I1 + I 2 + 2 I 4 = 2
I 1 + I 2 = 2 + 2 I 1 U AB 0
b) #,+-
I3 = 1
I1 =
I2 = I4
I 4 = 1 + I1
I4 =
I1 + I 4 + 2 I 4 = 2
U AB 0 = 2 I 1 + 2 I 4
1
A
4
3
A
4
2 6
U AB 0 = + = 1V
4 4
b) #,+-= 7+-#5%,. +S (+- SBP%1# =(y4 (t
E =0
B0% AB0 3
0B %_50%,7I5#= %,0+#x9%,
L%,
%1+-+-x2B0,#+-%&%_I-7%5
K0V
I R
62
2 I 4 = 2 I 1 U AB 0
7) AB0
#,+M
E4 0
0I 0
U AB0
R4
B0%O'
+&4#
#
%5 g
R4 0
5%,75#%,+# 7
resistor
!"$#%"&'()")*'
!"$#%"&'( de tensiune
LUCRAREA 2
CIRCUITE NELINIARE DE CURENT CONTINUU
1. PROBLEME
1.1.) Sa se simuleze cu PSPICE urmatorul circuit :
2. INTERPRETAREA REZULTATELOR
La problema 1.1. se obtine cu SPICE urmatoarea caracteristica de transfer: Se constata ca
pentru valori mai mari sau egale cu 6V ale tensiunii de intrare V(1), tensiunea de iesire V(2) este
egala cu 4V. Rezulta ca circuitul este un stabilizator de tensiune.
La punctul a) al problemei 1.2 se traseaza dreapta de sarcina cu ecuatia E = R i + u
respectiv: 10 = 3 i + u .
Dreapta se intersecteaza cu axele in punctele A de coordonate (0, 3,33) si B de coordonate (10, 0).
3. INSTRUCTIUNI SPICE
Se utilizeaza urmatoarele linii pentru descrierea circuitului:
66
IS
curent
de
saturatie
Unitate
de masura
Valoare
predefinita
RS
rezistenta
serie
1.0E-14
CJ0
BV
capacitaea tensiunea
jonctiunii inversa de
la tensiune strapungere
nula
F
V
IBV
curentul la
tensiunea
BV
A
1.0E-3
LUCRAREA 3
CIRCUITE CU EXCITATIE SINUSOIDALA CARE FUNCTIONEAZA LA
SEMNALE MICI SAU LA SEMNALE MARI
1. PROBLEME
1.1.) Sa se simuleze cu PSPICE urmatorul circuit:
1 0 V
5 V
0 V
0 V
5 V
1 0 V
1 5 V
2 0 V
2 5 V
V 1
v (5 )-v (4 )
Fig. 1
prima portiune pentru Vi 11,25V si a doua portiune pentru Vi > 11,25V . Acest rezultat se
datoreaza faptului ca tranzistorul are caracteristici neliniare de intrare si de iesire atunci cand
functioneaza la semnal mare. Prima portiune liniara a carcateristicii u e = f (ui ) corespunde
conditiilor de functionare la semnal mic.
La punctul b) al problemei in urma analizei in curent alternativ a circuitului rezulta Ve = f ( frecv )
pentru E 2 = 10
. V , fig. 2 si E 2 = 20.0 V , fig. 3.
1 .0 V
0 .5 V
0V
1 0 0 m H z 1 .0 H z
100H z
10K H z
V (5 )-V (4 )
F re q u e n c y
Fig. 2
69
1 .0 M H z
100M H z
2 0 V
1 0 V
0 V
1 0 0 m H z
1 .0 H z
1 0 0 H z
1 0 K H z
1 .0 M H z
1 0 0 M H z
V (5 )-V (4 )
F re q u e n c y
Fig. 3
Se constata ca alura celor doua curbe este identica, curba din figura 3 reproducand la o alta scara
curba din figura 2.
Luand in considerare caracteristica determinata la punctul a) rezulta ca rezultatul obtinut la
punctul b) pentru E 2 = 20.0 V nu este valabil, deoarece pentru Vi > 11,25 V circuitul functioneaza la
semnal mare, deci modelul liniar la semnal mic nu este valabil.
3. INSTRUCTIUNI SPICE
Se vor utiliza urmatoarele linii:
a) descrierea tranzistorului bipolar:
Q<name> <c> <b> <e> [<subs>] <model>
<c> = nodul corespunzator colectorului
<b> = nodul corespunzator bazei
<e> = nodul corespunzator emitorului
<subs> = nodul corespunzator substratului (optional)
<model> = numele modelului
b) descrierea modelului tranzistorului bipolar :
.MODEL <name> <type> [<param>=<value> ]
<name>= numele modelului (declarat in linia de descriere a tranzistorului)
<type>=tipul modelului (pentru tranzistor bipolar este PNP sau NPN):
<param> = <value> - reprezinta setarea unor parametrii ai modelului.
Principalii parametri ai tranzistorului bipolar (modelul Gummel-Poon) sunt:
Parametru
Nume
IS
curent de
BF
amplificarea
RB
rezistenta
70
RE
rezistenta
RC
rezistenta
Unitate
de masura
Valoare
predefinita
Parametru
Nume
Unitate
de masura
Valoare
predefinita
saturatie
A
1.0E-16
in curent
-
bazei
100
emitorului
colectorului
Vje
tensiune de
deschidere
BE
V
Vjc
tensiune de
deschidere
BC
V
Cje
capacitatea BE
(jonctiune
nepolarizata)
F
Cjc
capacitatea BC
(jonctiune
nepolarizata)
F
0.75
0.75
71
LUCRAREA 4
CIRCUITE LINIARE DE CURENT ALTERNATIV
1. PROBLEME
1.1.) Sa se simuleze cu PSPICE urmatorul circuit:
Se dau: r1=10; r2=1; r3=2; c2=1.5mF; L1=50mH; L2=25mH; L3=50mH; M=25mH; e(t)=30
sin(2ft + /2); is(t)=2 sin(2ft); f (10Hz,200Hz)
Se cere sa se calculeze curentul prin r2 (modulul, argumentul, partea reala si partea imaginara)
pentru f=50Hz si sa se verifice concordanta acestor rezultate.
1.2.) Sa se traseze cu PSPICE caracteristicile de amplitudine si de faza ale amplificarii in tensiune
Au= Ve/e pentru urmatoarele filtre in banda de frecvente 1Hz-1MHz. Sa se indice tipul fiecarui
filtru.
Fig.a)
r1 =1k; c1 = 8nF; c2 =11.5nF
L1 = 3mH;L2 =12mH;
e(t)=1 sin (t)
72
Fig. b)
r1 =1,5 k; c1 = 10nF; c2 = 8uF
L1 = 2mH;L2 =12mH;
e(t)=1 sin (t)
Fig.c)
r1 =1,5 k; c1 = 10nF; c2 = 8uF
L1 = 2mH; c3=1nF
e(t)=1 sin (t) ; Rs=1.5k
Fig. d)
r1 =1,5 k; c1 = 0,1uF; c2 = 40uF
L1 = 10mH; L2 =20mH; c3=1uF
e(t)=1 sin (t) ; L3=4mH
2. INTERPRETAREA REZULTATELOR
La problema 1.1. chestiunile care se vor urmari sunt:
- modul de descriere a elementelor de circuit, bobine, bobine cuplate si condensatoare, in circuitele
de curent alternativ;
- modul de obtinere si tiparire a marimilor electrice, curenti si tensiuni, la o frecventa precizata;
La problema 1.2., pentru fiecare punct, se va trasa caracteristica de amplificare si se vor obtine
urmatoarele tipuri de filtre: trece jos, trece sus, trece banda si opreste banda.
3. INSTRUCTIUNI SPICE
Se vor utiliza urmatoarele linii:
a) descrierea bobinelor:
L<name> <+node> <-node> [<model>]<value> [IC=<initial>]
<+node> <-node>= nodurile intre care se conecteaza
model = numele modelului (optional)
73
74
LUCRAREA 5
SUBCIRCUITE. ANALIZA IN REGIM TRANZITORIU
1. PROBLEME
1.) Sa se determine caracteristica amplificarii A= U2 / U1 pentru urmatorul circuit cu
amplificatoare operationale:
75
5V
0V
1 0 0 us
150us
V (5 )-V (4 )
200us
2 5 0 us
V (2 )
T im e
Fig. 1
76
3 0 0 us
350us
400us
40V
0V
-4 0 V
100us
150us
V (5 )-V (4 )
200us
250us
300us
350 us
400us
V (2 )
T im e
Fig. 2
Din figura 2 rezulta ca forma de unda a tensiunii Ve pe rezistorul de sarcina Re, care la o
anumita scara reprezinta curentul de colector, este distorsionata. Acest lucru se produce deoarece
pentru circuitul neliniar cu tranzistor se poate folosi modelul liniar in curent alternativ numai
pentru functionarea la semnale mici. E2=20.0 V corespunde functionarii la semnale mari.
3. INSTRUCTIUNI SPICE
Semnificatie
Valoare
predefinita
1/TSTOP
0.0
0.0
0.0
Valoare de offset
Amplitudinea
Frecventa
Timp de intarziere
Factor de amortizare
Faza
Unitate de
masura
A
A
Hz
s
s-1
grade
78
LUCRAREA 6
REGIMUL TRANZITORIU AL CIRCUITELOR NELINIARE
1. PROBLEME
1.) Pentru circuitul din figura sa se faca analiza Fourier a tensiunii de iesire pentru E2 =1 mV si
E2 =10 V incazul in care frecventa sursei e2 este f=1 kHz.
79
La problema 1., realizand analiza Fourier a tensiunii de iesire rezulta fig. 1 pentru E2=1.0 mV si
fig. 2 pentru E2=10.0 V.
Din analiza celor doua figuri rezulta ca tensiunea de iesire in cazul E2=10.0 V, care are forma de
unda distorsionata, contine o gama larga de armonici superioare.
5.0V
2.5V
0V
0Hz
5KHz
V(5)- V(4)
10KHz
15KHz
20KHz
25KHz
30KHz
Frequency
Fig. 1
1.0V
0.5V
0V
0Hz
10KHz
20KHz
30KHz
V(5,4)
Frequency
Fig. 2
La problema 2. chestiunile care se vor urmari sunt:
- modul de utilizare a comutatorului;
- descrierea semnalelor de tip puls pentru surse in regim tranzitoriu;
-trasarea spectrului de frecvente al unei marimi periodice
80
40KHz
50KHz
1100mV
800mV
400mV
0V
4.5ms
V(4)
4.6ms
4.8ms
5.0ms
Time
Fig.3
In fig. 3 se prezinta semnalul generat cu functia pulse, iar in fig. 4 se prezinta semnalul la iesirea
convertorului. Spectrele tensiunii de comanda si pentru tensiunea de iesire sunt prezentate in fig. 5
- 7. Figura 7 contine un detaliu al spectrului tensiunii de iesire care permite evidentierea
armonicelor frecventei de comanda.
300V
200V
100V
0V
0s
2.0ms
4.0ms
V(3)
Time
Fig.4
81
5.0ms
800mV
400mV
0V
0Hz
100KHz
200KHz
300KHz
400KHz
V(4)
Frequency
Fig. 5
Se observa ca spectrul tensiunii de comanda este discret (contine numai componentele armonice
ale frecventei de comutatie si componenta de current continuu) deoarece aceasta marime este
periodica. Tensiunea la iesirea convertorului nefiind periodica (deoarece contine si componente
tranzitorii care nu s-au amortizat) spectrul acesteia nu este discret.
200V
100V
0V
0Hz
10KHz
20KHz
30KHz
40KHz
V(3)
Frequency
Fig.6
Pentru trasarea spectrului tensiunii de iesire s-au considerat numai ultimile 5 perioade din raspuns
(o forma de unda aproapiata de o functie periodica).
82
1.0V
0.5V
0V
9KHz
25KHz
50KHz
75KHz
100KHz
V(3)
Frequency
Fig.7
3. INSTRUCTIUNI SPICE
Marime
i1
i2
td
trise
tfall
pw
per
Semnificatie
Valoare
predefinita
0.0
TSTEP
TSTEP
TSTOP
TSTOP
Valoare initiala
Valoare de varf
Timp de intarziere
Timp de crestere
Timp de descrestere
Durata impulsului
Perioada
83
Unitate de
masura
A
A
s
s
s
s
s
84
LUCRAREA 7
COMPORTAREA CALITATIVA A CIRCUITELOR DE ORDINUL II
1. PROBLEME
L=1H ; C=1F;
Caz
1
2
3
4
5
R []
3
-3
1
-1
1e-9
Tabelul 1
Sa se indice in cazurile 1 .. 5 tipul comportarii calitative a circuitului in jurul punctului de
echilibru.
2. a) Sa se simuleze circuitul din figura pentru i (0) = 6A. Sa se vizualizeze i(t) si curba i = f(V(1))
si sa se explice rezultatul obtinut.
b) Intre nodurile 1 si 0 se conecteaza un condensator cu C= 1mF avand conditia initiala Uc0= 8V.
Sa se vizualizeze traiectoria in planul fazelor (iL uC ). Sa se compare rezultatele obtinute pentru
eroarea relative RELTOL cu valoarea predefinita( 1e-05) si valoarea impusa de 1e-07.
2. INTERPRETAREA REZULTATELOR
85
1. Circuitul din problema 1. este un circuit liniar, dinamic, de ordinul doi, cu excitatie nula, cu
ecuatiile:
uC + Ri + U L = 0
iC = iL = i
Tinand cont de ecuatiile de functionare ale bobinei
si condensatorului
U L = Li L
i C = CU C
UC
iL
1
L
C UC
R
iL
L
Pentru a studia comportarea calitativa a unui circuit liniar cu excitatia nula se determina valorile
proprii s1 si s2 ale matricei A a ecuatiei x = Ax .
Valorile proprii s1 si s2 sunt solutiile
ecuatiei:
1
0s
C
det
=0
1
R
s
L
L
respectiv
s2 +
R
1
s+
=0
L
L C
In cazul problemei = !
1 R
a11
a 21
a12 x1Q
= 0
a 22 x 2 Q
"
#$
3 + 5
2
s2 =
86
3 5
2
3+ 5
2
s2 =
3 5
2
1
3
+j
2
2
s2 =
1
3
j
2
2
1
2
deci constanta de atenuare = si pentru < 0 , punctul de echilibru este un focar stabil si
1
2
1
3
+j
2
2
s2 =
1
3
j
2
2
87
2. Pentru circuitul dinamic neliniar de la problema 2. punctul a), parcursul dinamic este:
unde punctele Q1(1,-1) si Q2(-1,1) sunt puncte de impas iar originea 0 este un nod instabil.
Simuland circuitul cu PSPICE se constata ca traiectoria evolueaza pe curba plecand din
punctul corespunzator conditiei initiale iL(0) si se opreste in punctul de impas intalnit Q1(1,-1).
La punctul b) al problemei 2. se constata ca leg nd la bornele circuitului un condensator C,
circuitul se comporta ca un oscilator de relaxare.
In cazul circuitului real nu este necesara introducerea in circuit a condensatorului C, rolul
acestuia fiind indeplinit de capacitatea parazita dintre bornele circuitului.
Cel de-al doilea punct al problemei 2. are ca scop ilustrarea preciziei analizei efectuata cu
PSPICE in functie de diferite valori date pentru eroarea relativa RELTOL.
88
RELTOL=1e-05
RELTOL=1e-07
3. INSTRUCTIUNI SPICE
.OPTIONS [<fopt>*] [<vopt>=<value>*]
90
LUCRAREA 8
PROPRIETATI CALITATIVE IN CIRCUITELE ELECTRICE
NELINIARE IN REGIM TRANZITORIU
1. PROBLEME
91
400uA
400uA
0A
0A
-400uA
360us
I(l1)
370us
380us
390us
400us
-400uA
-500mV
I(l1)
Time
0V
500mV
V(1)
Fig. 1. E0=0,5 V
Comportarea circuitului in acest caz este o comportare obisnuita deoarece pentru amplitudini
relativ mici ale excitatiei comportarea diodei poate fi aproximata prin modelul de semnal mic.
b) pentru E0=1,5 V se observa raspunsul subarmonic(periodic de frecventa /2).
1.0mA
1.0mA
0.5mA
0.5mA
0A
0A
-0.5mA
360us
I(l1)
370us
380us
390us
-0.5mA
-2.0V
I(l1)
400us
Time
-1.0V
0V
1.0V
2.0V
V(1)
Fig. 2. E0=1,5 V
c) pentru E0=6,5 V se observa comportarea haotica a circuitului(raspuns neperiodic la excitatie
periodica).
92
4.0mA
4.0mA
2.0mA
2.0mA
0A
0A
-2.0mA
400us
I(l1)
450us
500us
550us
-2.0mA
-8.0V
I(l1)
600us
-4.0V
0V
V(1)
Time
Fig. 3. E0=6,5 V
93
4.0V
8.0V
Problema 1
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LUCRARAEA 2
Problema 1
' 2 222
,
-%
4.0V
2.0V
0V
-2.0V
-10V
V(2)
-5V
0V
5V
10V
15V
V(1)
Problema 2
a.
pct
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 10.0000 ( 2) 1.1765
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME
V1
CURRENT
-2.941E+00
G1
2.941E+00
98
NODE VOLTAGE
b.
pct
*circuit cu rezistenta neliniara cnl1.cir
R1 1 2 3
V1 1 0 10
G1 2 0 TABLE {V(2)}=
+(0,0), (2,5), (4,0.5), (8,9)
.NODESET V(2)=3.0
.OP
.END
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 10.0000 ( 2) 3.2174
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME
V1
CURRENT
-2.261E+00
G1
I-SOURCE
c.
pct
2.261E+00
99
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 10.0000 ( 2) 4.6102
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME
CURRENT
V1
-1.797E+00
d.
pct
*circuit cu rezistenta neliniara cnl1.cir
R1 1 2 3
V1 1 0 10
G1 2 0 TABLE {V(2)}=
+(0,0), (2,5), (4,0.5), (8,9)
*.NODESET V(2)=7.0
.OP
.END
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 10.0000 ( 2) 1.1765
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME
CURRENT
V1
-2.941E+00
100
NODE VOLTAGE
LUCRAREA 3
Punctul a.
JOB CONCLUDED
101
10V
5V
0V
0V
5V
10V
15V
v(5)-v(4)
V1
Punctul b
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
*etb32.cir circ cu tranz bipolare
V1 2 1 DC 5
V10
+ DC 0
+ AC 1 0
V2 5 0 DC 9
R1 2 3 1MEG
R2 5 4 4K
Q1 4 3 0 TB
.MODEL TB NPN(Is=10.f Bf=200 Cje=2p
+
Cjc=2p Vje=.6 Vjc=.6)
*.DC LIN V1 0 25 .05
.AC DEC 100 .1 100MEG
.OP
.PROBE
.END
****
20V
25V
D
****
.87
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 0.0000 ( 2) 5.0000 ( 3)
( 5) 9.0000
.6515 ( 4) 5.5212
-4.349E-06
-4.349E-06
-8.697E-04
103
NODE VOLTAGE
800mV
400mV
0V
100mHz 1.0Hz
V(5)- V(4)
100Hz
10KHz
Frequency
104
1.0MHz
100MHz
.6515 ( 4) 5.5212
-4.349E-06
-4.349E-06
-8.697E-04
105
20V
10V
0V
100mHz 1.0Hz
V(5)- V(4)
100Hz
10KHz
1.0MHz
100MHz
Frequency
LUCRARAEA 4
Problema 1
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
*circ lin c.a. CLA1.CIR
R1 2 3 10
R2 3 5 1
R3 3 4 2
L1 1 2 50m
L2 6 7 25m
L3 0 4 50m
K1 l1 l3 0.5
K2 l2 l3 0.707
C2 5 6 1.5m
V_SIN 7 0
+DC 0
+AC 30 90
I_SIN 0 1
+DC 0
+AC 2 0
.AC LIN 1 50 50
.PRINT AC IM(R2) IP(R2) IR(R2) II(R2)
.PROBE
.END
NAME
V_SIN
CURRENT
0.000E+00
0.000E+00
107
1.0V
0.5V
0V
1.0Hz
V(4)
100Hz
10KHz
1.0MHz
Frequency
Problema 2b
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
*CIRC LIN DE CA FIL2
R1 1 2 1.5K
L1 3 0 2M
L2 4 0 12M
C1 2 3 10N
C2 3 4 8U
V1 1 0
+DC 0
+AC 1 0
+SIN(0 1 50 0 0 0)
.AC LIN 100 1 2MEG
.PROBE
.END
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
0.000E+00
108
NODE VOLTAGE
1.0V
0.5V
0V
1.0Hz
V(4)
100Hz
10KHz
1.0MHz
100MHz
Frequency
Problema 2c
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
CURRENT
0.000E+00
NODE VOLTAGE
500mV
250mV
0V
1.0Hz
V(4)
100Hz
10KHz
1.0MHz
100MHz
Frequency
Problema 2d
NODE VOLTAGE
0.000E+00
110
NODE VOLTAGE
1.0V
0.5V
0V
1.0Hz
V(3)
100Hz
10KHz
Frequency
LUCRAREA 5
Problema 1
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1.0MHz
100MHz
*
.SUBCKT AO 2 1 4
Ri 1 2 1MEG
Re 3 4 .1m
Ce 4 2 .1p
E 3 2 TABLE { V(2)-V(1)} = (-.0015,-15)(0,0)(.0015,15)
.ENDS
*
.AC DEC 100 .1 10MEG
*.tran 1n 4.m
.probe
.options reltol=1e-6 itl5=0 numdgt=8
.end
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
0.000E+00
0.5mV
0V
100mHz
1.0Hz
V(6)
100Hz
10KHz
Frequency
112
1.0MHz
1.0
0.5
0
100mHz
1.0Hz
V(6)/ V(1)
100Hz
10KHz
1.0MHz
Frequency
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
0.000E+00
1.0mV
0V
-1.0mV
0s
1.0ms
2.0ms
V(6)
Time
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
3.0ms
4.0ms
X2 [0 5 6] AO
*
.SUBCKT AO 2 1 4
Ri 1 2 1MEG
Re 3 4 .1m
Ce 4 2 .1p
E 3 2 TABLE { V(2)-V(1)} = (-.0015,-15)(0,0)(.0015,15)
.ENDS
*
*.AC DEC 100 .1 10MEG
.tran 1n 4.m
.probe
.options reltol=1e-6 itl5=0 numdgt=8
.end
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
CURRENT
V1
0.000E+00
0V
-10mV
0s
1.0ms
2.0ms
V(6)
Time
Problema 2
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
115
3.0ms
4.0ms
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 5.0000 ( 2)
( 5) 9.0000
CURRENT
-2.124E-04
116
NODE VOLTAGE
V3
V2
0.000E+00
-4.248E-02
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 5.0000 ( 2)
( 5) 9.0000
VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS
NAME
V1
V3
V2
CURRENT
-2.124E-04
0.000E+00
-4.248E-02
117
NODE VOLTAGE
4.50V
4.25V
4.00V
0s
2ms
V(5)- V(4)
4ms
6ms
8ms
10ms
Time
10V
0V
-10V
0s
2ms
V(5)- V(4)
4ms
6ms
Time
LUCRAREA 6
Problema 1
8ms
10ms
C3 2 3 100u
V3 3 0 AC 1m SIN(0 1m 1K 0 0)
*V3 3 0 AC 10 SIN(0 10 1K 0 0)
V2 5 0 DC 9
R1 1 2 20K
R2 5 4 100
Q1 4 2 0 TB
.MODEL TB NPN(IS=10.F BF=200 CJE=200p
+
CJC=200p)
*.TRAN .1u 10m
.TRAN .1u 10m 5m
.FOUR 1K 10 V(5,4)
*.OP
.PROBE
.END
****
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 5.0000 ( 2)
( 5) 9.0000
NODE VOLTAGE
-2.124E-04
0.000E+00
-4.248E-02
FOURIER ANALYSIS
1.000E+03
2.000E+03
3.000E+03
4.000E+03
5.000E+03
6.000E+03
7.000E+03
8.000E+03
9.000E+03
1.000E+04
1.625E-01
1.589E-03
5.077E-04
1.470E-04
3.713E-04
1.359E-04
2.854E-04
1.450E-04
2.411E-04
1.767E-04
1.000E+00
9.777E-03
3.125E-03
9.045E-04
2.285E-03
8.364E-04
1.756E-03
8.922E-04
1.484E-03
1.088E-03
7.960E-01
-8.396E+01
-5.091E+01
1.237E+02
7.320E+01
-1.204E+02
-1.695E+02
-4.044E+00
-4.427E+01
1.118E+02
0.000E+00
-8.476E+01
-5.171E+01
1.229E+02
7.240E+01
-1.212E+02
-1.703E+02
-4.840E+00
-4.506E+01
1.110E+02
5.0V
2.5V
0V
0Hz
5KHz
V(5)- V(4)
10KHz
15KHz
Frequency
120
20KHz
25KHz
30KHz
1.0V
0.5V
0V
0Hz
2KHz
V(5)- V(4)
4KHz
6KHz
Frequency
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
8KHz
10KHz
CN 2.42
D .87
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 5.0000 ( 2)
( 5) 9.0000
NODE VOLTAGE
-2.124E-04
0.000E+00
-4.248E-02
FOURIER ANALYSIS
1.000E+03
2.000E+03
3.000E+03
4.000E+03
5.000E+03
6.000E+03
7.000E+03
8.000E+03
9.000E+03
1.000E+04
5.345E-01
5.316E-01
5.269E-01
5.203E-01
5.120E-01
5.019E-01
4.903E-01
4.771E-01
4.625E-01
4.465E-01
1.000E+00
9.947E-01
9.858E-01
9.736E-01
9.580E-01
9.392E-01
9.173E-01
8.927E-01
8.653E-01
8.355E-01
1.600E-01
-8.959E+01
-1.794E+02
9.083E+01
1.041E+00
-8.875E+01
-1.785E+02
9.168E+01
1.897E+00
-8.788E+01
0.000E+00
-8.975E+01
-1.795E+02
9.067E+01
8.813E-01
-8.891E+01
-1.787E+02
9.152E+01
1.737E+00
-8.804E+01
122
1.0V
0.5V
0V
0Hz
10KHz
20KHz
30KHz
40KHz
50KHz
8KHz
10KHz
V(5,4)
Frequency
1.0V
0.5V
0V
0Hz
2KHz
4KHz
6KHz
V(5,4)
Frequency
Problema 2
*
S1 2 0 4 0 S1
*
.MODEL S1 VSWITCH ( RON=1, ROFF=1MEG,
+ VON=1, VOFF=0 )
*
.TRAN 10u 5m
*.TRAN 10u 5m 4.5m
*.FOUR 10.K V(3),V(4)
.PROBE
.END
****
****
****
1
1.000000E+06
1
0
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
( 1) 100.00000000
( 2) 100.00000000
( 3) 99.20229970
( 4) 0.00000000
-2.481E-01
0.000E+00
124
NODE VOLTAGE
1100mV
800mV
400mV
0V
4.5ms
V(4)
4.6ms
4.8ms
5.0ms
Time
300V
200V
100V
0V
0s
2.0ms
4.0ms
5.0ms
V(3)
Time
800mV
400mV
0V
0Hz
100KHz
200KHz
V(4)
Frequency
125
300KHz
400KHz
200V
100V
0V
0Hz
10KHz
20KHz
30KHz
40KHz
V(3)
Frequency
1.0V
0.5V
0V
9KHz
25KHz
50KHz
V(3)
Frequency
126
75KHz
100KHz
LUCRAREA 7
Problema 1
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS
V(2)
I(L1)
127
1.0
-1.0
0s
5s
I(L1)
10s
15s
V(2)
Time
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
0V
0.2V
0.4V
0.6V
I(L1)
V(2)
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
0.8V
1.0V
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
0s
5s
I(L1)
10s
15s
1.0V
1.5V
V(2)
Time
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
0V
0.5V
I(L1)
V(2)
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
0s
5s
I(L1)
10s
15s
V(2)
Time
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
-1.0V
-0.8V
I(L1)
-0.6V
-0.4V
V(2)
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
-0.2V
0V
.TRAN 1M 2 SKIPBP
.PROBE
.END
5.0A
2.5A
0A
0s
I(L1)
0.2s
V(2)
0.4s
0.6s
0.8s
1.0s
Time
5.0A
2.5A
0A
0V
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
I(L1)
V(2)
131
2.0V
2.5V
3.0V
20KA
15KA
10KA
5KA
0A
0V
2.0KV
4.0KV
6.0KV
8.0KV
I(L1)
V(2)
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
0s
I(L1)
0.5s
V(2)
1.0s
Time
132
1.5s
2.0s
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
0V
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
2.0V
I(L1)
V(2)
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
2.0A
0A
-2.0A
0s
I(L1)
0.2s
V(2)
0.4s
0.6s
Time
133
0.8s
1.0s
1.0A
0A
-1.0A
-0.5V
I(L1)
0V
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
V(2)
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
200A
100A
0A
-100A
-200A
0s
I(L1)
2s
V(2)
4s
6s
Time
134
8s
10s
5.0A
2.5A
0A
-2.0V
I(L1)
-1.0V
0V
1.0V
2.0V
V(2)
150A
100A
50A
0A
-50A
-75V
-50V
0V
I(L1)
V(2)
**** CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
*circ in reg tranz cetr1.cir
.options reltol=1e-6 itl5=0 numdgt=8 NOMOD NOPAGE NOECHO
R1 0 1 1n
L1 1 2 1 IC=.10E+01
C1 2 0 1 IC=.10E+01
.TRAN .1M 15 SKIPBP
.PROBE
135
50V
.END
2.0A
0A
-2.0A
0s
I(L1)
2s
V(2)
4s
6s
8s
10s
Time
2.0A
0A
-2.0A
-1.5V
-1.0V
I(L1)
-0.5V
0V
V(2)
Problema 2
136
0.5V
1.0V
1.5V
2.0A
0A
-2.0A
-4.0V
I(L1)
-2.0V
0V
2.0V
4.0V
6.0V
2.0V
4.0V
6.0V
V(1)
2.0A
0A
-2.0A
-4.0V
I(L1)
-2.0V
0V
V1(C1)
137
2.0A
0A
-2.0A
-4.0V
I(L1)
-2.0V
0V
2.0V
V1(C1)
138
4.0V
6.0V
LUCRAREA 8
Problema 1a
****
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
****
****
NODE VOLTAGE
NODE VOLTAGE
0.000E+00
139
NODE VOLTAGE
400uA
0A
-400uA
360us
I(l1)
370us
380us
390us
400us
Time
400uA
0A
-400uA
-500mV
I(l1)
0V
500mV
V(1)
140
Problema 1b v=1.5V
1.0mA
0.5mA
0A
-0.5mA
360us
I(l1)
370us
380us
390us
400us
Time
1.0mA
0.5mA
0A
-0.5mA
-2.0V
I(l1)
-1.0V
0V
1.0V
V(1)
141
2.0V
Problema 1c v=6.5V
4.0mA
2.0mA
0A
-2.0mA
400us
I(l1)
450us
500us
550us
600us
Time
4.0mA
2.0mA
0A
-2.0mA
-8.0V
I(l1)
-4.0V
0V
4.0V
V(1)
142
8.0V
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