ART.

17 Trsturile eseniale ale infraciunii Infraciune este fapta care prezint pericol social, svrit cu vinovie i prevzut de legea penal. Infraciunea este singurul temei al rspunderii penale. ART. 18 Pericolul social al faptei Fapta care prezint pericol social n nelesul legii penale este orice aciune sau inaciune prin care se aduce atingere uneia dintre valorile artate n art. 1 i pentru sancionarea creia este necesar aplicarea unei pedepse. Art. 17. - An action presents social threat if it is committed / perpetrated with guilt and it is provided in the criminal law. Crime is the only ground for criminal liability. Art. 18. - The action which constitutes social threat according to criminal law is any action or inaction/non-action by which one of the values mentioned in article 1 is aggrieved and for whose sanction a penalty needs to be applied/it is necessary to apply a penalty. ART. 19 Vinovia Vinovie exist cnd fapta care prezint pericol social este svrit cu intenie sau din culp. 1. Fapta este svrit cu intenie cnd infractorul: a) prevede rezultatul faptei sale, urmrind producerea lui prin svrirea acelei fapte; b) prevede rezultatul faptei sale i, dei nu-l urmrete, accept posibilitatea producerii lui. 2. Fapta este svrit din culp cnd infractorul: a) prevede rezultatul faptei sale, dar nu-l accept, socotind fr temei c el nu se va produce; b) nu prevede rezultatul faptei sale, dei trebuia i putea s-l prevad. Fapta constnd ntr-o aciune svrit din culp constituie infraciune numai atunci cnd n lege se prevede n mod expres aceasta. Fapta constnd ntr-o inaciune constituie infraciune fie c este svrit cu intenie, fie din culp, afar de cazul cnd legea sancioneaz numai svrirea ei cu intenie. Art. 19. - Guilt occurs when the action, which constitutes social threat, is committed deliberately or by negligence. 1. An action is deliberately committed when the criminal: a) predicts and intends the result of his action through the perpetration of this action;
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b) predicts the result of his action and even if he does not intend it, he accepts the possibility of its occurrence; 2. An action is committed by negligence when the criminal: a) predicts the result of his action, but he does not accept it, considering without ground that it will not occur; b) does not predict the result of the action, although the person should have or could have predicted it. An action committed by negligence constitutes a crime only if the law specifically provides it. An action constituting inaction/non-action represents a crime, no matter if deliberately committed or committed by negligence, except for the case in which the law sanctions only deliberate perpetration. ART. 20 Coninutul tentativei Tentativa const n punerea n executare a hotrrii de a svri infraciunea, executare care a fost ns ntrerupt sau nu i-a produs efectul. Exist tentativ i n cazul n care consumarea infraciunii nu a fost posibil datorit insuficienei sau defectuozitii mijloacelor folosite, ori datorit mprejurrii c n timpul cnd sau svrit actele de executare, obiectul lipsea de la locul unde fptuitorul credea c se afl. Nu exist tentativ atunci cnd imposibilitatea de consumare a infraciunii este datorit modului cum a fost conceput executarea. Art. 20. - An attempt constitutes initiation of the execution decision to perpetrate the crime, execution which was interrupted or which did not produce any damage. Attempt exists also in the case in which completion of the crime was not possible due to the insufficiency or failure of the means used, or due to the fact that the action was perpetrated without the presence of the object as expected by the perpetrator. It is not attempt the case in which the impossibility of crime's completion is due to the manner in which the execution was conceived. ART. 23 Participanii

Participani sunt persoanele care contribuie la svrirea unei fapte prevzute de legea penal n calitate de autori, instigatori sau complici. ART. 24 Autorul Autor este persoana care svrete n mod nemijlocit fapta prevzut de legea penal.

ART. 25 Instigatorul Instigator este persoana care, cu intenie, determin pe o alt persoan s svreasc o fapt prevzut de legea penal. ART. 26 Complicele Complice este persoana care, cu intenie, nlesnete sau ajut n orice mod la svrirea unei fapte prevzute de legea penal. Este de asemenea complice persoana care promite, nainte sau n timpul svririi faptei, c va tinui bunurile provenite din aceasta sau c va favoriza pe fptuitor, chiar dac dup svrirea faptei promisiunea nu este ndeplinit. Art. 23. - Participants are those persons who share the perpetration of an action provided by the criminal law, as authors, instigators or accomplice. Art. 24. - The author is the person who directly perpetrate the action provided by the criminal law. Art. 25. - The instigator is the person who deliberately determines another person to commit an action provided by the criminal law. Art. 26. - An accomplice is the person who deliberately facilitates or assists in any way in the perpetration of the action provided by the criminal law. Also, an accomplice is the person who promises, before or during the perpetration of the action, not to reveal the assets resulted from the crime or that this person will favor the criminal, even if after perpetration of the crime the promise is not fulfilled. ART. 37 Recidiva Recidiv exist n urmtoarele cazuri: a) cnd dup rmnerea definitiv a unei hotrri de condamnare la pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de 6 luni, cel condamnat svrete din nou o infraciune cu intenie, nainte de nceperea executrii pedepsei, n timpul executrii acesteia sau n stare de evadare, iar pedeapsa prevzut de lege pentru a doua infraciune este nchisoarea mai mare de un an; b) cnd dup executarea unei pedepse cu nchisoare mai mare de 6 luni, dup graierea total sau a restului de pedeaps, ori dup mplinirea termenului de prescripie a executrii unei asemenea pedepse, cel condamnat svrete din nou o infraciune cu intenie pentru care legea prevede pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de un an; c) cnd dup condamnarea la cel puin trei pedepse cu nchisoare pn la 6 luni sau dup executare, dup graierea total sau a restului de pedeaps, ori dup prescrierea executrii a cel puin trei asemenea pedepse, cel condamnat svrete din nou o infraciune cu intenie pentru care legea prevede pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de un an. Exist recidiv i n cazurile n care una dintre pedepsele prevzute n alin. 1 este deteniunea pe via.
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Pentru stabilirea strii de recidiv n cazurile prevzute n alin. 1 lit. a) i b) i alin. 2, se poate ine seama i de hotrrea de condamnare pronunat n strintate, pentru o fapt prevzut i de legea romn, dac hotrrea de condamnare a fost recunoscut potrivit dispoziiilor legii. 37. Relapse into crime occurs in the following situations: a) when after a final decision of imprisonment longer than 6 months, the convicted deliberately commits another crime, before starting to execute the penalty, during its execution or in case of escape, and the penalty provided by the law for the second crime consists in imprisonment longer than one year; b) when after the execution of an imprisonment penalty longer than 6 months, after total pardon or pardon of the rest of the penalty, or after fulfillment of the prescription term on the execution of this penalty, the convicted person deliberately commits another crime for which the law provides imprisonment penalty longer one year; c) when after conviction to at least three imprisonment penalties up to 6 months or after execution, after total or partial pardon, or after the prescription of execution of at least three such penalties, the convicted person deliberately commits another crime for which the law provides imprisonment penalty longer than one year. Relapse into crime exists also if one of the penalties mentioned in paragraph 1 is life sentence. In order to establish the state of relapse into crime as provided in paragraph 1 (a) and (b) and paragraph 2, the decision for imprisonment made abroad regarding an action provided also by the Romanian law will be considered, if the imprisonment decision was adopted in accordance with the provisions of the law. ART. 54 Regimul deteniunii pe via Deteniunea pe via se execut n penitenciare anume destinate pentru aceasta sau n secii speciale ale celorlalte penitenciare. Regimul executrii pedepsei deteniunii pe via este reglementat n legea privind executarea pedepselor. Art. 54. - Life sentence is executed within prisons specifically desigend for this purpose or within special sections of other prisons. The regime of life sentence execution is regulated in the law regarding penalties' execution. ART. 55 (1) Liberarea condiionat Cel condamnat la pedeapsa deteniunii pe via poate fi liberat condiionat dup executarea efectiv a 20 de ani de deteniune, dac este struitor n munc, disciplinat i d dovezi temeinice de ndreptare, inndu-se seama i de antecedentele sale penale. Condamnatul trecut de vrsta de 60 de ani pentru brbai i de 55 de ani pentru femei poate fi liberat condiionat dup executarea efectiv a 15 ani de deteniune, dac sunt ndeplinite i celelalte condiii prevzute n alin. 1.
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Pedeapsa se consider executat, dac n termen de 10 ani de la liberare cel condamnat nu a svrit din nou o infraciune. Dac n acest interval de timp cel liberat a comis din nou o infraciune, se aplic, n mod corespunztor, dispoziiile art. 61. Art. 55.(1) - The convict to life sentence can be conditionally released after the effective execution of 20 years of confinement if the convicted is a disciplined hard-worker who proves clear evidence of improvement, considering also his criminal antecedents. The convicted over 60 years old for men and over 55 years old for women can be conditionally released after15 effective execution of confinement, if the other requirements provided in paragraph 1 are fulfilled. The penalty is considered executed if in term of 10 years since release, the convict did not commit another crime. If during this period the released person committed a new crime, the provisions in article 61 will be accordingly applied. ART. 56 - Regimul general al executrii pedepsei Regimul executrii pedepsei nchisorii se ntemeiaz pe obligaia condamnailor de a presta o munc util, dac sunt api pentru aceasta, pe aciunea educativ ce trebuie desfurat fa de condamnai, pe respectarea de ctre acetia a disciplinei muncii i a ordinii interioare a locurilor de deinere, precum i pe stimularea i recompensarea celor struitori n munc, disciplinai i care dau dovezi temeinice de ndreptare. Toate aceste mijloace trebuie folosite n aa fel nct s conduc la reeducarea celor condamnai. Dup mplinirea vrstei de 60 de ani pentru brbai i de 55 de ani pentru femei, condamnaii nu au obligaia de a munci n timpul executrii pedepsei; ei pot fi admii la munc dac cer aceasta. Art. 56. - Imprisonment The regime of the imprisonment penalty execution is based on the requirement the convicts shall perform useful work, if they are able to do that, on the educational activity to be organized for the convicts, on the convicts' compliance with the rule of work and internal law within the space of confinement, as well as on the stimulation and rewarding of the diligent, disciplined convicts who prove clear evidence of self-improvement. All these means should result in the reeducation of the convicts. After 60 years for men and 55 years for women, the convicts do not have the obligation to work during the penalty's execution period; they are allowed to work if they demand that. ART. 57 Executarea pedepsei nchisorii se face, potrivit dispoziiilor legii privind executarea pedepselor, n locuri de deinere anume destinate. Femeile condamnate la pedeapsa nchisorii execut aceast pedeaps separat de condamnaii brbai.
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Minorii condamnai la pedeapsa nchisorii execut pedeapsa separat de condamnaii majori sau n locuri de deinere speciale, asigurndu-li-se posibilitatea de a continua nvmntul general obligatoriu i de a dobndi o pregtire profesional potrivit cu aptitudinile lor. Art. 57. - Imprisonment penalty is executed in accordance with the law regarding penalties' execution within special confinement spaces. Female convicts to imprisonment penalty execute this penalty separate from the male convicts. Juvenile convicts subject to imprisonment penalty execute the penalty separate from the adult convicts or within special confinement places, ensuring the contiunation of the general mandatory education and the professional training according to their skills. ART. 63 - Stabilirea amenzii Pedeapsa amenzii const n suma de bani pe care infractorul este condamnat s o plteasc. Ori de cte ori legea prevede c o infraciune se pedepsete numai cu amend, fr a-i arta limitele, minimul special al acesteia este de 150.000 lei, iar maximul de 10.000.000 lei. Cnd legea prevede pedeapsa amenzii fr a-i arta limitele, alternativ cu pedeapsa nchisorii de cel mult un an, minimul special al amenzii este de 250.000 lei i maximul special de 15.000.000 lei, iar cnd prevede pedeapsa amenzii alternativ cu pedeapsa nchisorii mai mare de un an, minimul special este de 350.000 lei i maximul special de 30.000.000 lei. n caz de aplicare a cauzelor de atenuare sau de agravare a pedepselor, amenda nu poate s depeasc limitele generale artate n art. 53 pct. 1 lit. c). Amenda se stabilete inndu-se seama de dispoziiile art. 72, fr a-l pune ns pe infractor n situaia de a nu-i putea ndeplini ndatoririle privitoare la ntreinerea, creterea, nvtura i pregtirea profesional a persoanelor fa de care are aceste obligaii legale.

The Fine - Art. 63. - Fine penalty consists in the amount of money that the criminal must pay. Whenever the law provides that a crime is sanctioned only by a fine, without specifying the limits, the special minimum of this fine is 150.000 lei, and its maximum is 10.000.000 lei. When the law specifies the fine penalty without providing the limits, in alternation with imprisonment penalty over one year at most, the special minimum of the fine is 250.000 lei and the maximum fine is 15.000.000. lei and when the law provides the fine penalty in alternation with imprisonment penalty longer than one year, the special minimum is 350.000 lei and the special maximum is 30.000.000 lei. If extenuating or aggravating penalties causes are applied, the fine cannot exceed the general limits provided in article 53 point 1 (c). The fine is established taking into account the provisions of article 72, but without placing the criminal in the situation of impossibility to accomplish the duties regarding support, raise education and professional training for the persons towards the criminal has these legal obligations.
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ART. 73 Circumstane atenuante Urmtoarele mprejurri constituie circumstane atenuante: a) depirea limitelor legitimei aprri sau ale strii de necesitate; b) svrirea infraciunii sub stpnirea unei puternice tulburri sau emoii, determinat de o provocare din partea persoanei vtmate, produs prin violen, printr-o atingere grav a demnitii persoanei sau prin alt aciune ilicit grav. ART. 74 mprejurri care pot constitui circumstane atenuante Urmtoarele mprejurri pot fi considerate circumstane atenuante: a) conduita bun a infractorului nainte de svrirea infraciunii; b) struina depus de infractor pentru a nltura rezultatul infraciunii sau a repara paguba pricinuit; c) atitudinea infractorului dup svrirea infraciunii, rezultnd din prezentarea sa n faa autoritii, comportarea sincer n cursul procesului, nlesnirea descoperirii ori arestrii participanilor. mprejurrile enumerate n prezentul articol au caracter exemplificativ. ART. 75 Circumstane agravante Urmtoarele mprejurri constituie circumstane agravante: a) svrirea faptei de trei sau de mai multe persoane mpreun; b) svrirea infraciunii prin acte de cruzime, prin violene asupra membrilor familiei ori prin metode sau mijloace care prezint pericol public; c) svrirea infraciunii de ctre un infractor major, dac aceasta a fost comis mpreun cu un minor; d) svrirea infraciunii din motive josnice; e) svrirea infraciunii n stare de beie anume provocat n vederea comiterii faptei; f) svrirea infraciunii de ctre o persoan care a profitat de situaia prilejuit de o calamitate. Instana poate reine ca circumstane agravante i alte mprejurri care imprim faptei un caracter grav.
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Art. 73. - The following situations constitute extenuating circumstances: a) exceed of self defense or the limits of other states of necessity; b) perpetration of the crime under a strong emotion or anxiety determined by a threat of the injured person and produced by violence, damage of the persons dignity or by other serious illicit action. Art. 74. - The following situations can be considered extenuating circumstances: a) good attitude of the criminal before the perpetration of the crime; b) insistence of the criminal to remove the result or to repair the damage of the crime; c) the criminals attitude after the perpetration of the crime, resulting into surrender to the authority, into sincere behaviour during the trial and into facilitating the discover or the arrest of the participants. The situations listed in the present article serve as exemplifications. Art. 75. - The following situations constitute aggravating circumstances: a) perpetration of the crime by three or more persons together; b) perpetration of the crime through cruel actions or through means and methods which present public threat; c) perpetration of the crime by an adult, if this crime was committed together with a juvenile; d) perpetration of the crime with mean purpose; e) perpetration of the crime under deliberate state of drunkenness in order to commit the crime; f) perpetration of the crime by a person who took advantage by the situation resulted after a calamity. The court can retain as aggravating circumstances other situations, too, which give the action a serious character.