INTRODUCTION

Continuity of supply is very important in electrical systems manual verification of incoming and outgoing supply in large electrical installation is difficult and ineffective it erodes the reputation of concerned people automatic controlling of electrical system become the demand of the day .more and more ideas are put in to streamline such an effective system here we are going to design a simple and economical automatic electrical control system. The system have two main parts Automatic Phase Changer and Voltage Indicator the first section controls the phase changing,and the second section indicates the current voltage. It consists of relays and comparators which is simple in construction and by changing the reference voltage we can control the minimum voltage appearing at the output. The output voltage of the automatic phase changer will be represented by the voltage indicator circuit consists of an analog to digital converter and the voltage will be shown by a seven segment display.

AUTOMATIC PHASE CHANGER BLOCK DIAGRAM-

BLOCK DIAGRAM-1 EXPLANATION The circuit is built around a transformer ,comparator, transistor and relay,Three identical set of these circuit ,one each for three phases are used. Consider the working of the circuit connected to the Red phase ,The main power supply at the phase R steed down by the transformer to deliver 12V.which is rectified and filtered to produce the operating voltage for the comparator .The voltage at the inverting pin of the comparator .The voltage at the inverting pin of the comparator is taken to the voltage driver circuit of the resistor and preset resistor is used to set the reference voltage according to the requirement .The reference voltage at the noninverting is fixed to through zener diode Till the supply voltage available in phase R is in the normal range ,The voltage at the inverting pin of the comparator remains high ,i.e., more than reference voltage5.1V,and its out put pin also remains high , As a result, relay switching circuit does not conduct ;relay remains de-energized phase R supplies power to the load via normally closed (N/c) contact of the relay. As soon as the R phase voltage goes low,the voltage at the inverting pin of the comparator goes below the reference voltage of 5.1V,and its output goes low as a result relay switching circuit conducts and relay energizes and load L1 is disconnected from phase R and connected to phase Y trough second relay. Similarly the auto phase change of the remaining two phase occurrences.

CIRCUIT