Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Flash of
24 hours
light
Critical
dark
period
Light
CONCLUSION
The experiments indicated that flowering of each species was determined by a critical period of
darkness (“critical night length”) for that species, not by a specific period of light. Therefore, “short-day”
plants are more properly called “long-night” plants, and “long-day” plants are really “short-night” plants.
Gravity
Response to gravity
• Is known as gravitropism
Roots show positive gravitropism
• Grow with gravity
Stems show negative gravitropism
• Grow against gravity
Plants may detect gravity by the
settling of statoliths
• Specialized plastids containing dense
starch grains
GRAVITY
Statoliths
20 µm
Environmental Stresses
Environmental stresses
• Have a potentially adverse effect on a
plant’s survival, growth, and
reproduction
• Can have a devastating impact on crop
yields in agriculture
Drought
During drought
• Plants respond to water deficit by
reducing transpiration
• Deeper roots continue to grow
Flooding
Enzymatic destruction of cells creates air
tubes that help plants survive oxygen
deprivation during flooding
Vascular
cylinder
Air tubes
Epidermis
100 µm 100 µm
(a) Control root (aerated) (b) Experimental root (nonaerated)
Salt Stress
Plants respond to salt stress by
producing solutes tolerated at high
concentrations
• Keeping the water potential of cells
more negative than that of the soil
solution