Cubice PH n spatiu

Teorem
a de caracterizare
Fie o cubic
a r dat
a de poligonul de control P0 P1 P2 P3 : Atunci r este o cubic
a PH dac
a si numai dac
a:
! !
a) 1 = 2 , adic
a vectorii L0 si L2 sunt tangenti unui con circular cu centrul n origine, axa de
rotatie Oz si unghiul egal cu 2t.
2L21
L0 L1

b) cos ' = 1

cos' 2 [ 1; 1]
1

1j

2L21
L0 L1

2
1

2L21
L0 L1

L21
L0 L1

L21

1
1
2)

0j (

L0 L1

Consecinta: Egalitatea are loc doar n cazul curbelor plane.

Demonstra
tie
Presupunem c
a

2L21
L0 L1 .

; iar cos ' = 1

=) r(t) este cubic

a PH
//
!
L0 = L0 (sin ; 0; cos )
!
L1 = L1 (0; 0; 1)
!
L2 = L2 (sin cos '; sin sin '; cos )
P0 ; P1 ; P2 ; P3 : r(t) =

3
P

i=0

Hodograful:
0

r (t) =

t)2 P0 + 3 [ 2 (1

3 (1

= 3 [(1

b3k Pk = (1

!
t)2 L0 + 2 (1

x (t) = 3 [L0 (1

t)3 P0 + 3 (1

t) t + (1

t)2 t P1 + 3 (1

t)2 ] P1 + 3 [ t2 + 2 (1

!
!
t) t L1 + t2 L2 ]

t)2 sin + L2 t2 sin cos ']

y (t) = 3 L2 t2 sin sin '

0

z (t) = 3 [ L0 (1
0

t)2 cos + 2 L1 (1

x (t)2 +y (t)2 +z (t)2 =

4
P

k=0

t) t + L2 t2 cos ]

b4k ck = polinom de grad 4

ck R constante ce vor determinate k = 0; 4

1

t) t2 P2 + t3 P3 .

t) t]P2 + 3 t2 P3

b20 = (1

t)2

b22 = t2
b21 = 2 (1

(t) =
0;

b20 (t) +

1;

t) t

b21 (t) +

b22 (t)

=?

x2+y 2+z

c1 coef lui b41 (= 2 b21 b20 ) = 9 L0 L1 cos

c2 coef lui b42 (= 6 b22 b20 ) = 3 L0 L2 sin2

cos ' + 3 L0 L2 cos2 + 6 L21

c3 coef lui b43 (= 2 b21 b22 ) = 9 L1 L2 cos

c4 coef lui b44 (= b22 b22 ) = 9 L22 sin2 cos2 ' + 9 L22 sin2

sin2 ' + 9 L22 cos2

= 9 L22 (sin2 + cos2 ) = 9 L22

polinom = (t)2 = (

2
0

=
(1)

2
0

(2)

(3)

(5)

2
2

2
1

b22 (t)+) =

b42 (t) +

2
2

b42 (t) +

b41 (t) +

= c2 = 3 L0 L2 sin2

cos ' + 3 L0 L2 cos2 + 6 L21

= c3 = 9 L1 L2 cos

= c4 = 9 L22 =)

3 L2

0:

3 L0

= 9 L0 L1 cos =)

3 L1 cos

n (4) nlocuim

2:

3 L2

= 9 L1 L2 cos =)

3 L1 cos

2
0

b43 (t) + 13

3 L0

n (2) nlocuim

= c1 = 9 L0 L1 cos

1
2
1+ 3
1

b21 (t) +

b40 (t) + 23

= c0 = 9 L20 =)

2
3

(4)

b20 (t) +

> 0 (au acelasi semn)

= 3 L0

= 9 L1 cos

= 3 L2

n (3) :

2
3

9 L21 cos2 +

6 L21 (cos2
|
{z
sin2

1
3

9 L0 L2 = 3 L0 L2 (sin2

1) + 3 L0 L2 (1
}
|

cos2 ) = 3 L0 L2 sin2
{z
}

sin2

2 L21 + L0 L2 = L0 L2 cos ' / :L0 L2 6= 0

=) cos ' = 1

cos ' + cos2 ) + 6 L21

2 L21
L0 L2

cos ' / : 3 sin2

b42 (t)

Concluzie: 9 (t) = 3 L0 b20 (t) + 3 L1 cos

b21 (t) + 3 L22 b22 (t)

=) cubica r este o cubic

a PH n spatiu
Reciproca
Presupunem c
a r este o cubic
a PH.
0

Ipotez
a: 9 (t) polinom de grad 2 astfel nct x (t)2 +y (t)2 +z (t)2 =
!
t)2 L0 + 2 (1

S
tim c
a r (t) = 3 [(1
0

(t)2

!
!
t) t L1 + t2 L2 ] = 3 (L0 b20 (t) + L1 cos

b21 (t) + L22 b22 (t))

t)2 sin + L2 t2 sin cos ']

x (t) = 3 [L0 (1
0

y (t) = 3 L2 t2 sin sin '

0

t)2 cos + 2 L1 (1

z (t) = 3 [L0 (1
=

b20 +

b21 +

t) t + L2 t2 cos ]

b22

Ridic
am la p
atrat si egal
am coecientii pentru b4k ; k = 1; 4
b40 = (b20 )2 :

2
0

= 9 L20 (sin2

+ cos2

b42 = (b22 )2 :

2
2

= 9 L22 (sin2

cos2 ' + sin2

1)

= 9 L20 =)
2

= 3 " L0 ; " =

sin2 ' + cos2

2)

= 9 L22 =)

b41 = 2 b20 b21 :

= 9 L0 L1 cos

=)

= 3 " cos

(1)

b43 = 2 b21 b21 :

= 9 L1 L2 cos

=)

=3

(2)

Din (1) si (2) =) " cos

I:" =

cos

=)

II:" =

cos

1
2

=3

=)

=
1

Analiz
am cazul II:
2
3

2
1

2
6

6 L21 cos2

9 L21 +

+ L0 L2 sin

3 L0 L1 = 6 L21 + 3 L0 L2 ( cos2

+ sin2

+ 3 L0 L2 (1

+ L0 L2 sin2

2
3
2
3

2
1

Fals =)
2
6

9 (L0 L2 cos

cos2

0 = 2 L21 sin2
=) " 6=

2
6

0 = 6 L21 sin2

2
3

cos

0 2

0 2

2
3

+ sin2

L0 L2 sin2
L0 L1 (1

cos2
{z }

sin2

(1

sin

cos ')

sin

cos ')

cos ')

cos ')

0
1

(1 + cos ')

9 L21 +

2
6

9 (L0 L2 cos

cos

+ L0 L2 sin

9 L21 cos2 + 3 L0 L2 = 6 L21 + 3 L0 L2 (cos2 + sin2 cos ')

3 L0 L2 (1
|

sin2 cos ') = 2 L21 (1

|

cos ') = 2 L21 sin2

cos2 ) = : 3
{z }

sin2

/ : sin2 6= 0

cos ') = 2 L21 , adic

a b).
3

L2 ;