INTRODUCTION TO DWDM

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ALTTC/TX-I/DWDM

CONTENTS
The need for DWDDM Fibre exhaust- alternatives The challenge: Tapping the unlimited fibre bandwidth Achieving the networking functions in the optical domain Wdm approach to fibre exhaust Wdm functional block schematic Differences from conventional system: the amplifier Dwdm systems at present Optical amplifiers Dwdm components Optical bands Standard wavelengths: ITU grid Dwdm applications : Benefit to operators New issues before planners
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FIBRE EXHAUST
2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter

2.5-Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever

10-Gbit/s transmitter

10-Gbit/s regenerator

10-Gbit/s reciever

INSTAL HIGHER BITRATE TDM EXPENSIVE, NEW FIBRE NEEDED

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FIBRE EXHAUST
10-Gbit/s transmitter 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s transmitter 10-Gbit/s regenerator 10-Gbit/s reciever 2.5-Gbit/s 2.5- Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s 2.5 Gbit/s reciever

2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter 2.5-Gbitt/s transmitter

1 2

M U X

D E M U X

2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever 2.5- Gbit/s reciever

DEPLOY DWDM
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EVOLUTION OF DWDM
Late 1990s Mid 1990s Early 1990s Late 1980s 64-160 channels 25-50 GHZ spacing 16-40 channels 100-200 GHz spacing Dense WDM, integrated systems with Network Management, add-drop functions. 2-8 channels passive WDM 200-400 GHz spacing WDM components/parts 2 channels Wideband WDM 1310 nm, 1550 nm

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ACHIEVING HIGHER BANDWIDTH THREE POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS INSTAL NEW FIBRE EXPENSIVE INVEST IN NEW TDM TECHNOLOGIES TO ACHIEVE HIGHER BANDWIDTH. DEPLOY DWDM
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VERY EXPENSIVE REQUIRE NEW TYPE FIBRE

ECONOMICA L
6

THE CHALLENGE:Continuous growth in traffic

Calls for tapping the unutilized bandwidth of the media ACHIEVE NETWORKING FUNCTIONS (ROUTING etc) IN OPTICAL DOMAIN

JUST LIKE WIDENING OF ROAD USING AVAILAB.E LAND TO MEET INCREASED TRAFFIC
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DWDM BASICS

SINGLE FIBRE

SDH OPTICAL SIGNALS

NEW REQUIREMENTS:
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BLOCK SCHEMATIC
OPTICAL SIGNALS. STM-1 STM-4 STM-16 ATM IP

Tx
P1 P2
. . . .

MUX
W D M

DEMUX

Rx

OFA

W D M

P16

TRANSPONDERS
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Wayside Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

TM P1 P2 P 15 P
16

TM

WDM MUX
O A

WDM DEMU X O
A

P
1-4

P 5-8

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Optical Add/Drop Multiplexing

Terminal Equipt In-Line Amplifier Terminal Equipt

fixed OADM: P2

P1 P2

P2 P2 P1 P1

P2 P1

Configurable OADM : P1 or P2

P1 P2
OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer

P2 P2
ALTTC/TX-I/DWDM

P2 P1
11

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OADM Connectivity
Omnibus
29 express ch 32 ch WDM

From terminal to OADM, or from OADM to OADM

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DIFFERENCES FROM OLD SYSTEM

REGs FIBRES REQUIREMENT LASERS TYPES OF COMPONENTS CAPACITY FIBRE TRANSMISSION BEHAVIOUR

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ADVANTAGES OF DWDM

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Why Optical (DWDM) Networking?

Fibre Exhaust : Unlimited bandwidth on a fibre pair Bit Rate Transparency Format/Protocol Transparency : IP, ATM etc. Efficient use and rearrangement of embedded optical capacity as per demand. Minimal Capital Expenditure : Capacity Expansions Demand Simpler Operations : Embedded DCC

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Economics of WDM
Saving of regeneration costs: one optical amplifier for many channels regeneration cost per channel drastically reduced Saving of fibres/fibre shortage Cost effective compared to laying new fibres

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DWDM Components
Transmit Receive Repeater Add Drop Distribution: Cross connects

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OPTICAL NETWORK ELEMENTS

TP

OA

OADM

OXC

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ODEMUX
18

TP

OMUX

OPTIONAL REGENERATOR

O/E

Electrical REGENERATION

E/O

TRANSPONDER / TRANSLATOR / WAVELENGTH CONVERTOR

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Optical Multiplexers & Filters

W\L FILTER
W\L MULTIPLEXER

W\L ROUTER
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OPTICAL ADD DROP MUX

COUPLER CIRCULATOR

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OPTICAL CROSSCONNECT T T T T T T T T
WAVELENGTH ADAPTATION
22

INPUT FIBRE LINKS

SWITCH MATRIX

TRIBUTARY LINKS
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OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS

Isolator

Coupler

Coupler

Isolator

Pump laser

Erbium-doped Fiber-(10-50 m)

Pump laser

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NMS FOR DWDM SYSTEMS

NMS IN CONVENTIONAL SDH SYSTEMS:
DCC: TIME SLOTS

DWDM NO TIME SLOTS

WAVELENGTH SLOTS ONE WAVELENGTH IS DEDICATED FOR N.M.S.
OPTICAL SUPERVISORY CHANNEL

OSC needs to be accessed at all points in the network

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Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

Line Terminal Equipment
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Tx Psup

In-line Amplifier

Line Terminal Equipment

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5

Tx P1 Tx P2 Tx P3 Tx P4 Tx P5 Tx P6 Tx P7 Tx P8

Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx Rx

DATA IN

7P + Psupervisory

P6 P7 P8

Rx

Tx

Rx Psup

System Control Processor

OSC

System Control Processor

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ALTTC/TX-I/DWDM Network Management

Network Management

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OPTICAL BANDS
EXTENSIVE USE OF WAVELENGTHS
DIFFERENT VENDORS:INTEROPERABILITY ISSUES NEED FOR STANDARD WAVELENGTH VALUES

ITU Classification of bands Standard values : ITU Grid

Center frequency: 193.10THz (1552.52 nm) Standard spacing of 200, 100, 50 GHz for different applications

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ITU-T BAND ALLOCATION

Optical Supervisory channel

C BAND
BLUE BAND RED BAND
1560

L BAND

1500

1520

1530

1542 1547

1620

C BAND. GAIN IN RED BAND FLATTEST FOR EDFA. SOME MANUFACTURERS PROVIDE 16 CHANNELS IN RED BAND ONLY. OTHERS USE BOTH RED & BLUE BANDS.
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C BAND PRODUCTS ARE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE. ERBIUM DOPED FIBRE AMPLIFIERS SUITABLE FOR

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ITU T G.692 Frequency Grid

Nominal Central (THz) 196.1 196.0 195.9 195.8 195.7 195.6 195.5 195.4 195.3 195.2 195.1 195.0 194.9 194.8 17-Jan-12 Central P (nm) Nominal Central (THz) 194.7 194.6 194.5 194.4 194.3 194.2 194.1 194.0 193.9 193.8 193.7 193.6 193.5 Central P (nm) Nominal Central (THz) 193.3 193.2 193.1 193.0 192.9 192.8 192.7 192.6 192.5 192.4 192.3 192.2 192.1 Central P (nm)

1528.77 1529.55 1530.33 1531.12 1531.90 1532.68 1533.47 1534.25 1535.04 1535.82 1536.61 1537.40 1538.19 1539.77

1539.77 1540.56 1541.35 1542.14 1542.92 1543.73 1544.53 1545.32 1546.12 1546.92 1547.72 1548.51 1549.32

1550.92 1551.72 1552.52 1553.33 1554.13 1554.94 1555.75 1556.55 1557.36 1558.17 1558.98 1559.79 1560.61
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193.4 ALTTC/TX-I/DWDM 1550.12

LIMITATIONS

DWDM TRANSMISSION IS ANALOG. THE IN LINE AMPLIFIERS ARE ALSO ANALOG. THIS IMPLIES THAT THE SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO WORSENS WITH DISTANCE. TO KEEP THE BER WITHIN LIMITS, THE SIGNALS ARE REQUIRED TO BE 3R PROCESSED IN ELECTRICAL DOMAIN. FIBRE DISPERSION IS ANOTHER LIMITATION.
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LIMITATIONS
THE MAXIMUM DISTANCE IS 640 Kms
MADE OF 8 SPANS OF 80 Kms. THE ASSUMPTIONS ARE: * FIBRE ATT INCLUDING SPLICE LOSS IS 0.28 dB/km * SPAN LOSS OF 22 dB. * TOTAL DISPERSION IS LESS THAN 12800 ps/nm.
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New Applications with DWDM

Long Distance
Longer Regenerator spacing: Hundreds to Thousands of Kilometers Saving of Regenerators Very Low Bandwidth Cost Scalability Very Fast Commissioning of Optical Paths: Within a week as compared to several months/ year with old technologies Advanced Networking Capabilities

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New Applications with DWDM

Metropolitan Area Network
Unlimited Bandwidth, bit rate and format transparency Efficient Bandwidth use and Management

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New Applications with DWDM

High speed parallel Data Transport
Certain Computer Applications Require that Computer Centers be interconnected with multiple high speed channels that have capacity and availability requirements, as well as interlink delay restrictions that can not be met by TDM Transport Systems. In General, DWDM Optical Transport Benefits all Delay Sensitive Applications

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New Applications with DWDM

Wavelength Leasing
Network Customers are beginning to demand high capacity Network Transport that affords high reliability and security, as well as segmentations from the providers Network A spare Wavelength (Leased P) is used to provide clear-channel transport to a customer The Customers Bandwidth requirements are cleanly separated from the providers core Network Needs.

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Thank You
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