DECK STOWAGE

AND SECURING
OF PIPES
NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCI ATI ON
CHARLES BLIAULT, HERMANN KAPS
and North of England P&I Association
DECK STOWAGE
AND SECURING
OF PIPES
NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCI ATI ON
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Published by North of England P&I Association Limited
The Quayside, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3DU, United Kingdom
Telephone +44 191 232 5221
Fax +44 191 261 0540
Email risk.management@nepia.com
Website www.nepia.com
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without
the written permission of the publisher.
Copyright North of England P&I Association Limited 2008
The Authors assert moral copyright in the work.
ISBN 978-0-9558257-0-5
Authors: Charles Bliault, Hermann Kaps
and North of England P&I Association
Printed and bound in the UK
The authors are grateful to Mund & Bruns (www.mund-bruns.de),
marine and cargo surveyors in Bremen and Antwerp, for their assistance
and support in the preparation of this guide, including supplying all the
photographs.
This publication is intended for general guidance only to assist in the
avoidance of disputes and problems arising from stowage and securing
of pipes on the decks of cargo ships, though pipes should wherever
possible be stowed under decks. Readers should take care to ensure that
the recommendations contained in this publication are appropriate for
a particular situation before implementing them. Whereas every effort
has been made to ensure that recommendations are comprehensive, the
authors and the North of England P&I Association Limited do not under
any circumstances accept responsibility for errors, omission and mis-
statements or for the consequences of implementing or attempting to
implement recommendations.
CONTENTS
Chapter Page
1. GENERAL INFORMATION 3
Introduction 3
Applicable regulations 4
2. GUIDELINES ON STOWAGE AND SECURING 5
Characteristics of pipes 5
Before loading begins 6
Stowage of pipes 7
Securing of pipes 8
Worked examples 10
Summary 13
3. OTHER CONSIDERATIONS 14
Ensuring a compact block 14
Protection of pipes 15
Construction of stanchions 16
Care of the securing arrangements 17
APPENDICES 19
I Advanced calculation method 19
II Verification of securing alternatives for deck-stowed pipes worked examples 21
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GUIDE TO USING ELECTRONIC VERSION
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Chapter 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTlON
There hocn a number of lo6sa> or parr lo6sa> the few years or blocb of pipes
S[)(JI),'OCJ on dcdt, principally on dle h:lrch covers. Much oonsidcrarion been gi'l<cn oo the
for thMC loose<> and "-':IfS hy which such m3)' be adcqu:u:cly secured for the
rigoutll of an ocean
The h3vc rcsulrcd tiom one or a oombill3tion of the
or !IOCilring 3/tanjlCmettrs
inappropri:u:e oomhioocion of sccurin;o: systems
severely advcl!ilC \re:ither sea oondir:ions.
llcforc ac the \'3Jious technical 3SflCetS with 90Cllring a <:afRO of dcck-
S[)(JI),'Od 1 he oompooition and ''Ill ncrahi lilies of dle C3J'RO :>hould he srudicd.
pipes shi1>pod by sea on deck arc, in moot cases. nor simply pieces of
break-hulk hue 3JC hii:Jlly
scnsicn-c, C\<cn delicarc, and
icans.
The pipes 3te often
manufacrun:d tinm special
srccl "-ith grcar
precision, 3re =tcd m
hi#!
ha\: ends finished m oomply
th a specification (l>eVCIIod,
thrc::Jdcd. etc.) and :ue
oootcd intcm:JIIy and
externally "rlfnish, paint
orccmenc (Hg. 1}.
Any damage m the end'
or ooacing is likely m rC8ulc
in rqecrioo or che 1)ipc or
high oosl."' rC8Uicing from
rcfrubishmcnc.
Aq such, large diameccr
pipes 3JC he8t S[)(JI),'Od under
de<*. and nodling in this
hook should be inccrprcrcd
cncourJ.I.l)ng a decision in
of che shipment of
pipc.q on deck. Fe I. en q'!l:n l"..m<nolJ>i=ed .il:nu vith lflcdd (rihs
3
APPLICABLE REGULATIONS
V.'hcn it is not p<l6Siblc to stow under dcd< and tJ1cy need ro llc c:uricd on
deck, they mu.u be SOO"I\I:d longirudinslly- simil3r to logs. One might dlercforc
follolving the of the ( I MO) <Jodenf
Sate lllr <Jatrying '11mhcr I >cc:k 1991. one of d1e principks
hchind the !ICCUring nf :1 cimhcr deck c:IJWl is th3t d1c bshin.l!)l 3lC s3tisfuctory lllr nnrnnlly
O'})CCtod oonditions, hut nnt stmng C<lnlW1 oo rcrain the C:Uf!1l nn bo31d if it This
principle C3nnot he u.qcd stem-age of pipes.
Code '!l Safe Practice f,r Cargu Stowage rmd S8curing
The char.!crcristie> of pipes arc va.qdy different from cho6c 3ttd of pipes
he sccwcd nnc a.q fllr cimherh11c in the of d1c IMO (:'ode of
Sate Pt'JCt:icc for Ou,c:o StJCUring Code), ():lrtictJI31lpnnc:x 13.
The C!*> Code inoorpot'Jrcs gener.tl pri nciplc.q fllr the S:lle and securing of
definitions of rcnm in gcnet:ll use, some b!IJie rccommend:ltions ro he fol lowed, :tnd
90me guid:lnce with tC{I:;lrd to :wtions in hc;ny her and v.i1cn eJ.1f!11lw shifted. Annexes
1 oo 12 contain f,Uidancc nn the and sccwing of pmicul:lr cypcs of C3rgocs and
appendices 1 ro S qll()(e nd1er ncsnlucinns and ci rcubnl rn be oonsidcrod.
Annex 13 giros some guidance and mcchnds for rhc:ls.<rcssmcnr of)a.qhing arr:uljtemencs.
lt gi\e<i a definition for the rn:JXimum securing lood (MSL) 3ttd the n'IC(hnd for
the :O.ISL for I3Shing m3teti:lh. Section i describes an ':ldv:lncod rolrolation method'. v.nich
be WiCd to rolctJiatc the external furcc.q 3Cting upon cargo 3ttd d1cn whether <>t 001 die
chosc.n Ja.qhing maleri3IS :1nd number of to be fitted 3rc sutTJCicnc.
4
Chapte'r 2
GUIDELINES ON STOWAGE
AND SECURING
CHARACTERISTI CS OF PIPES
The ch:lt:lCcclistics of pi pal 'llilich need ro he borne in mind when their stamgt :md
securing 3tc 3S tollm>.os
pi pal arc littht
pipes arc rc>llnd :md m:r: roll
piflCil have aim\' cocliicieot nf ffictiM
pipes 31C hnii<Jw.
' !be charactaiscic a m:ukcd cfTca: on d1csrahilityofdle vc..oo and d1ar in rum
affects rhe tr3nsvcrsc foro::s 'llilich ace on die dcckstaw:Jge whctl rhe vcssd rolls in die 9<:3\\"3):
V. 'hen :uccarriod b01h on and under deck, the rcsult:lllt mctlCCntric heisJlt ((iM) is likely
to he small 31ld close ro the lm\'CI" limir. when pipes arc stowed on deck and other;
pcmaps hC3\'}; CJ.J/lfl- such 3S srccl products -is s10wcd under-deck, this die
a l:11,1:c GM and a stwr roll period.
A of pipes should he of a s1ng.Jc size and cypc of pipes, d1c san1c length
and finish, so a.q ro produce a unifom1 hlock. I f ditTcrcnc si7.cs of pipcorv.ith different
or end finishes arc soov.<od rogcthcr, the h&ock will nor he uni tOim. to the piflCil m11f
result and dinicultics '\\ill he cncounccrcd.
' I be pipes miiSt he prmidcd wid'ladCIJwrc :md suitlhlcdunn:l,lting and paclting marerials
eo support and chock me
pipes in the ro
tl1c coellicienr of
fiiction and to
prmocc the and surfaocs
nsrc:bmage resulting froo1
abrasion hct:'l\<cen adj3A-"nt
t)ipes :md hct'\\oocn securing
atr:mgcmcn a11d the pi pal
2).
During the if
SC3S arc shipped on deck,
sea w:ua may collect in d1c
pipc..q. porcicul:ttly rhi)<:C in
stowagcs turthcr lorward,
and the weight of th3t
w.ucr \\ill lurcher iner= 1iz 2
the tr.1nsvcrsc lorees and cl\mnozitlzaxfpodtilrn-.:ds
s
loodin,gll on the This should be borne in mind during
port:icul:uiy when oondioooo are ICt=.lSt.
The fnllml'illg ng giron in dlc Jlmhcr Deck (hrgo Code should be
rememhcrcd.
The arc not designed to JX<71idc a nlC3ns imprudent ship
in hc:noywc;utlCt.
BEFORE LOADING BEGINS
Hcmrc the .stevedores c:m hcgin looding pipes. C31cubcions must he C31Yiod out m
hrlw many pipes arc ro he loaded on cop of the hatch crNCrs and in hov. many tiers.
bi'C3dth and hci!(ht can dlC{l he determined. Also, and of
great impon:ancc, the \vcOgh t 01' the SOOV.':l{CC C'.lll be calculaccd.
The 'll.<ci8)lt nt' the SCOV.'38C- both in terms of the coCll weit:;l1t of the on d1c
harch covers and the tonnage per square mecrc- muse the m11ximum
of the R:uch 00\'CIS. Suffteicnc load-spi'Ci!ding rimhct dunrcagc should be
appmprilccfy m ensure che 'II.'Ci8)lt of the is s:u:is13ccorily spread 3).
Calrul:u:ions should chcrcforc llc Clrricd om in :ICWmcc co ensure that there will he no
met!ooding of the h:u:ch Cai'CfS. and eo cnrurc that sutlicicnt cimbef dunll3gc will he :w.lil3hlc
for chcconsll\ICcion ot' the Also, calculations fur the necessary SCCilrin,lt 3fl3ll8Cmeno;
muse he done to ensure d1:1c sunicient lashing materials arc :wJil3hlc m secure rhe
6
STOWAGE OF PIPES
l'ipc.q he Rrowcd as follows.
Advice for pipes on deck
should hcMOIVed in the fOI\XIndaft line of the on lines of soft timber
laid athw:umhi(lll on the h:lcch top, prcfcr3.1lly laid 3hore hatch-<lO\ocr
ti"JJIS\'Crsc stillC41in;;: members.
E3cfl pipe should he stOIVcd hard up cbe 3djarem pipe and wedp should be
inserted dlc inboard and outboard bilge of each 31\d ooilod m theb:ase
timbefs, to prC\ocnc rolling 4).
Sccond-cierand third-cier pipes, if C31liod, should bestowed in the C311dincs of dlc
pipes in the tier he low wim nuccrial, prefcrJbly rubhcr 0\:ilcting.
lined between e<ICh riet.
1.'uirahle pocking material (rimher, rul)t)er matting. ere.) should be fiaed in \l':ly of all
soeuringamngcments 3C poinm of cont3Ct ro minimise ahra.1ion
The of pipes to he a Ringle unit !Or 9CCUring
purposc:s, p1o\'idcd it is a wcll-fOillled., t.iRJ'lt stOWJ80- Ollculations should be
complcc.cd to determine me strength of me securing :IIT3ngctllems th3C arc required
tn prC\<ent and longirudinal ' lhli\S\<ersc tipping is considered not en
be a problem.
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-

7
SECURING OF PIPES
A of is u.'ually made up ofalar,l(c number of pi(>C"' Sto'l>.<c<l in cicrs. Ho'\\'C\'Cf,
v.11cn cansidcringwharsocuringarr:lllgcrncnlli3J'Cnccewr,; the block as awholcc:.1n he r:lla:n
m he a si nglc. l3fltC, hc:JVY uni c m be =d. HciC:rcnce c:.1n d1ctefure he nude m annex
of the (X<; <lode and iLq C3lcubcion method li>r guidance on and 31SCSS11tcnr of
socuri ng aremgcmcms.
The 3dv:lnccd method is a cak:ubcion in four p3n:s, m dcccrminc if the securing
the cxtetnal filrocs and keep fromshifcing.
T he four seeps arc :JS follows.
Advanced calculation method for la'lhing requirement!>
0
\i:1Jtm.>!-3ll the O:i.'liC infonnation 3hoUt me ship. the piece Of c:.11go and illl
loc:ltion should he obclincd and listed, and me cak:ubrions oomplcccd.
cn.cm:ll forces tbacarc likcly to3Ctupon the item arc calcubccd.
tnnf- the cll'Occ of friccion and the cffixtn-encss and strength of all the individual
lashing,; in CICh ofd1e row dircroons isC3lcubccd.
Sup jwr- an a.'ISOSsmcnc is m3de m escahlish whether or nM the of the
oombinaOOrl of the friction and =00s the like!: ClttCtll3l lorccs.
Appendix I nlOI'C dcctils of the ad\oance calculation mcdlod and Appcndioo: 11
prO\ides three worked O.':l.l1lples.
11uee alternative securittlf methods
Three altctlllt.Wc arc rocommcndcd in this guide lilt 1hc socuring of a
pipe scomgc on dock. All 1hrec arc designed oo include clcmcnt8 chat ll'lnsvcrse
sliding. clcmcncs m oomp:iiCt 1he (hold it dMrn hod.ily) and elements to prC\enr
loo#rudinal sliding. as required under the ad'l':lnccd calculaOOrl mc1hod. ' lhnsrenc tipping is
not a problem widl sudla SC09.'3gC-
Scc:urinl! allllmativo ono
' I sliding is PfC\'Cila:d hp sufficialt number of JXIi" of vertical balf.loop
of wire rope of 3ppmpri31csizc sot 17;' portand sr:llboord rurnhucldcs. The
baiCloop6, :11 appropriare ng. 3rc led li\)nt sccuring poin13 lx:lcm rhc SCO\I.'J,gC on the
bardltop aroncsidc \'Crric:.lllyO\a dawn rosocuring poinm 3t the deck
3! the Othct side (l<ig. 5). p:ld<ing materials arc u.,OO in v.z..; of the lash


(Jompocting of rhc Slll'l\'3ge is salisfJcoon""t: achiC\'Cd 1hc vertical haJ loop
l.onltirudin31 sliding is pi'C\o-cntcd by stoppers welded ro the roa:h rap, lined
suicahlc limber, rhe lilrmud and after ends ofbotrom-cicr pipes. J<tiction-
incrcasing nl:lrcri31 fi reed between dlc ciclll of pipes, for example rub her n'l:ltting, i$
used m pnm:otdidingof uppcr-ticr pipes.
8
"'"" u
Securing aJtcmativc two
Tl:ln.'l\>"ei'9C is prC\<cnrod tJra rufficicnt number of pairs of hori:r.Dnl:ll hlllt:Joop
Of le rope of 3ppropri3tc sO.C SCC eight tJr pon 3nd St:uilocud 1111nhuckJet
The h:llf-loops or 'spring bstlin&'l' :1l'C led longirudinlllly through piJ">C8 :Uid
down 3nd inboard to pointS on me hatch cop (Hg. 6). Such spring lasflinl,'.'l
should be rilJ'Cd dHoU,Ith a sullicicnt number of pipes in C3Ch cicr out hoard eo port
and oo SC3lho:lrd.. SuiC:lhle pGCking should be in way of dle
of me is xhie\'Cd by an number of suicahly spoood
mct-thc>oop or ' friecion-loop' bshingl\.
Longirudinal sliding j.q prevented by welded to the h:lcch rop, lined with
suiohlc timber :Jg"J.insc cbe fom'3rd 3nd 3ftcr of hormnt-lict pipc-q, r tiction-
incle:l.'ling nl3teri311ittcd between me OCI"S Of pipes, for o::ample rubber is
oo prerentslidingofuppcr-cicr pipcs.
r
9
Sccurinl( almmo.ti\ro three
' ltJnsverse sliding is prC\<ented 3 sufficient numiX:t of side widl
huttrCS-'ICS, spaced, to pan and to S1:3rll03td of the stow.l,I(C,
or equivalent SlllJCrutcs of suffkienr sD"Cngch (J<lg.. 7).


Compacting of die srowJ,tte is 3Chi<:\'Od by an numhct of sui spoood
meNho-mp or 'friecion-loop'
l.ongirudin.:ll sliding is prevented by stoppers welded to the hatch top, lined with
timber the fiuv.'3J'd and ends of bottom-tier pipc8. l'ricrion-
m:ucri:lllitted bct:wcen die tiers of pipes, rubber is
used to pi'C\'Cilt sliding of upper-tier pipes.
Theclemcrusof C3Ch 3ltcrR:Im<e medlod fill securing a
Warning
The elementS of one method noc be mixed ot combined wich those of another
IJCC:J\ISC die result is lik'cty robe :u1 incllicient SJStcm '1\'hieh <loo; noc
strength ro xr rhec:m::m:ll forces encountered during d1e
One of d1e be cllO!lCfl IISCd in itS enriref:!,: In 31rcmarivcs one
:u1d rwo, wire rope is used to prevent U31\lW'Cr1le sliding. in dlrcc, side
sr:anchions 1vith hutcres_qcs :lfC employed. These S)'litems must not be mixed hcrousc dlc
ltc::xibil icy and el:lSticicy ch3t.lC(c:ti.'t:ics of v.ire rope :lfC diffcrcnc li'om
chc6e of sonchio.ns. which :lfC e.'ISCllti:llly saucrurcs.
WORKED EXAMPLES
Applic:ltion and of the three securing be dcmonsD:Ircd
through worked Cll:lmplcs im.oMng a [}'Jlical C:ltgc>oflargc pipc8 sr:ov.'Od on deck.
The C:lrg<> consistS of J9 individual steel pipes in 3 st3Ck of dlrec tiers of 14, 1.> and IZ
pipc8 (as in 5-1). l<.::u:h pipe is ot'length I Z m, outSidedianlctc:tZ m weight 10 t. ' l oo
overall SID\\'J,Ite is rim<> 12 m long, 28 m wide> 5.5 m high and 390 r in weip,ht. ' Jllc pipes :I1C
scov.'Od on timber dunnage. on rhc timrJrd end of the numbcs tWO harch 001-er, and anci-slip
rubber is u..qcd p3Cking between t he pipc8 in upper ricrs.
Three alrcmnri\<c arc de\'ised I'Or the which ron he
summ:uiJcd :1.' follows.
10
u Er. '
altPiwtir;.'? ont
ten 'errical half -loop C3Ch side. port 3nd st:lrl'Xlatd. of 20 mm re rope
sc.ccl-harstoppersweldcd nc.'<t to bottom-tiet pipe tonmrd 3nd aft.
11Jk.'I"Mtirk1 (6.'()
ten horiT.ont:ll haJt:.loop C3.eh side, porr and starhoard. of IR mm "ire rope
bshin.'?' of 18 rope
sc.ccl-har stoppers welded next to botiom-ticr pipe ton"'ard 3nd 3ft.
fow srocJ st:1nohions each side
six C'frer-t hc-<op lash pore 3nd starho3rd. of20 mm wire rope
sc.ccl-har stoppers welded next to botiom-ticr pipe 3nd 3ft.
Appendix 11 shows how t he 3CW.lnaxt C3lcul3rion method can he ro 311 duce
31 re mat I o c3Ch ClSC dlechllSa'l sccuri ng an: dcmonscrarcd to h3vesutlicienc
sD"Cngdl m c::tOCCd the likely cxrcmal and rhw prevent the C3$ifl> from shifting.
Additimsalfactors
In docidin-" on which method to use, additi0031 f'3Ctors need rob.: considered.
R./()!Jtl11itm 1l stint /mllib-p
The stretching or elonpoon of \\ire rope is a pmhlem- and more of a
problem the longer the 'lashing. Tllc' ire.Cl used on pipe C3n he rxuticularly so
chat is This C3n in :uerioos shift of the smw3gc if lcfc
unattended
J<br sccurin-" 3Jremati\cc one. C3Ch vcttiC31 h3Jt:.loop lashing has 3 of 300UC L
42m. The effocdre modutus of cla.Clticity of the 'Wire rope wed in the Cl:lmplc is ahouc
70 kJ\/mmZ,. rcbccd to mcClllic "llle ZO mm mpe ha.Cl 3 mcClllic
sce:tion area of A 157 mmz. arc m 3 pro-r.cnsioo of F 30 '
the ru.rnhueklc.s. ' lllc wire m11 scrcroh elastically a.q follows ..
.:12 x an. 0. I 1.) m ( I 15 mm)
AXE 157 X iO
If d1e r.cnRion in the res incrc3SC.q ro 3110ut GO ' a.q the "\\':Sstl rollR heavily ro pore 31ld
to srarhoo.rd. the wires will rrccch a furdtcr I IS mm and, if ir were pcmlittcd ro occur,
would allml d1e whole hlock to hift sidcw.JYS lJ!.' about half that: dist:lllce, t hat is 60 mm.
Hnwc\i""Cr, widlout 3 sli!Vlt Rhifc nf the hlook. dle wires would noc a.Clsumc any load ahm"e the
pro-r.cnsioo. On the 01her hand, dle mt::ll shift of t he hloct nf pipes ro pore 31ld m st31hoatd
I I
duri n.'t rollinSt he proponi003l m the clonlt3ion of d1e wire a.ctsumin.'t
3rc nOl tended d1e (which chcy muse be).
1-br 3lr.cmarivc twO: the hori7.tmCll h31f-ioop h:wc an of
3J)()ut L 24 m. 'llleeftcerivc modu1LL<t of c1311cicicy is abooc E 70 kNJmmz3nd che
18 mm wire rope ha.ct 3 meallie crMs-scctioo of A 1 Zi mmz. the pro-ccnsion of
F 30 k1\ , the wirc.ct will strcr.ch as
AI, Lx F 24x 30 o.mu m (81 mm)
AxE IZi x70
If the tension in d1e wires m 3houc 60 kN as the rolls, dte wires will
stretch l'J!.r a furd'cr 81 mnt. v.11ich would 3llow the wflolc hloclc to shift idC'9.':1'5"S by 3J)()Ut half
ch3c disf3tlce- amund .W mm - if the are noc tended d1e
I c is thw oo ensure dlac d1e arc made up rorTCCtly and ripjucncd 3C
the of the 3nd then at frequent. rcgul:u inrcrv-.11s as ooccs.ii:uy duoop;ftouc
the particularly if they 3f'C new Wires, wt\icb 3J'C. prone to 3 permanent 'consauccion
stretch' of up ro 1% a.ct wcU as cl:lStie sttetdl.
Rc{tlllar 3djustmcn01 of t he rutnhueldes, or adju.ctcmenc of t he chcmsclve& if d1e
rumhuckle due3.d is insutlieient will enRUrC the tension remains 3dequatc eo prevent any
igniticanc mm"Cment of :lS chevc.ctsel
8. 7h$ ccrmncs bi.O tnJ tMf!. but tne hM:mnfd ha'FfOO/J
as the staldlans pm.oent them .suffdcntft tD any onr lood
ll
l>nntagL 14 s$im
\Mth :li=Mci<-e t'll.ro, problems rnighc cl=lop :u the pipe end rhe wi=
rum duou,$ nc:ufy 90" and as a re$\llt of me sawing ellOc:c or chc wire strerching and

Hoch the pipe edge pm<cccnrs and me wires shnuld be ClClmined for wear and should be
I'C{)I:Ired if is IOur.d
,\'ff>!ng!ll jiflinp
Hlr 3ltemath<c eh roe. the tr':ll\S\'CISC motion of the block of pipes is dose to bcc:ru'IC
the side sranchions arc solid stnJCrurcs. 'I he fi tting of an; additional half-loop as
Ullcd in alternacmcs one and nm, woold dlcrcforc he hocau.'K: they V.'Ould ncvct
stretch sunicicntly ro cake any appreci3hle lood (Hg. 8). Hence, ic is of impon.ancc
that the stanchions, the share contributed hy friction of chc cimhcr hat tens on
the harch top, arc strong enough to keep the hlod: in place..
The Oletrllc-top friction loops cannot he included in chc halancc-ot:forccs c3lcularioM
although d1cy ccrt:linly contribute hy increasing the friction ac the I"X!SC of the !10
loog as tensionc:d, and chc:y will koop the cnp bycrs of pipes in pl:!ce. 'll1ey arc
therelbfccsscntial onrnponcncs.
SUMMARY
The cflrecalr.em:u:ivcsccwing methods ll)ve dill'erentw.JY!I d1chlock
of in the ad1w-.urships and fore and aft line. All mccflods achic:;c cflc of
cran.wcrsc sliding and compacting in dilletcnc \1'3Ylland arc ha;cd on dilletcnc principles.
"The elcmcnrs of the methods of pipes mu.qc not be mixed or
combined: one of the altcnlllln'C.q must he chosa1 and usod in i1!1 entirety.
nf dillcri nlo"( lcngch will by dillcrenc amoun!1 t.mdcr the Rame lo:uliogand
cherelbfc arc incompatible fllr lashing purpo9CS. Sranchions are solid snucnrrcs 31ld muse
ha\<e stdlicient strength oo prC\<ent n"IO\<emcnc of the hlock of pi pes and xc a,lt:linRt me
cxtcrn:!l accclcrationR without any transtersc wire being fitted
13
Chapter .1
OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
The oorrccc of t)ipe8 I"C((Uitts ccnsi\-c and o:pcricnce, chc
scope of guide can cm-er only some :!SpcCIS. le is thcrcl(lro rcrommcndcd th:lc
cxpcrr ::Mtvicc ol)[3i nod.
Advanced planning o( che all interested parties - owner, nl:IStct.
clwu:rer. shipper and stC\<odorcs-is cs;ential oo achieve a su=still omoonlC..
ENSURING A COMPACT BLOCK
The that thest:LCtcd pipe$ n\3}' he treated :IS one 001\lfXICC block of C:ltgo is
only justilied i( all che pipes h:we Rood each ochet. wid1in rhe sc:adc should
have six lines of ront3a pipes. in the hocton1 tier will hsroonly live. and
pipes at the top and chcsidcs only four such lines of oonmcc 9). pes auhe upper and
lower OOfnctsof chcs=k. althou.gtl only three lines of ront3ct, arc held inoo thcst3ck
hy the pressure ofi3Shifl&'l.
them may he SC\rcral l':laors that might prevent good con t:J.ClllCCWCCn 3djaccnc
pipes, as follom.
flipc-q 3te not I 00% hue m:rs h:lvc 3 slight curve. ' l lms. oonracc at the
nY.Jf produce space in chc middle or \'ice 'retS3.
l'ipe8 n1:ry he shipped 'll.ith 'sp:ICCI'II' made of synthetic fibre rope \\'rapped
amund d1c pipe 31 intCtv.iiS of a fC'Il.' metres. The spaccts msr he duriOJ(
rolling and may result in sl:lCk:ncss in che smck of pipes.
OY.If he pro-lined on dle hoaom by MC:lns of 'l11i' may
lc3d to inaccuracies in dle scm\'lgcof pipe$ a result of small dill'crcnccs in d1c si7.cs
of pipes.
IUibher nl31li should he used hetween dle pipes eo incrca.'IC friction and should he fitted
at all lines of ront.3C(. HowC'I'Ct. ifS1f1thetic lihre rope SflGCCtS :llC m:IChod to che pipe$,
(he ruhher m::1cs nl3J he ineffectn-c if they thinner than chc ropes.
-..
\
I
_,..,.....,. _________
1
line of contact
14
PROTECTION OF PIPES
l'ipc-1 3J'C ofcco shipped hc\<cl pmtccrors 10). ' l llC8C he made of
sr.ccl, aluminium 01' pbslic 11"13r.crial, :md muse not he damaged 01' rcmm<cd.
If pipes arc ro:u:cd on d1cir oumide surf=, dunnage in the l()rm of chicla:n-
I:Kidcrs mll1t he used in all wirc-oonClCr 31'Cas. These chickcn-laddeiS arc made of shore
len,gthssoftmlOd IJOOrds connccccd m each other hyt:lCkcd-oo of fibre rop<:S
t3flCS to produce a l:Kidcr of sufficient lcnRdl.
If 3I"C p:1.\scd through pipes, as in sccurin;;: alrem3tivc rwo, pip<Xdgc pm rectors
mllqt be ullCd. 'l11csc C:lll be obr:Uned of sr.ccl or aluminium, v.ith bulges fOI'
guiding d1c wire (Hg. 11 ). If the pipes 3I'C coo red inside. as with 3 spcciai'Oov.c.coac' for
llqc in the l_!;lS indllqrry, direct ront:aet of the ro the pipes muse he :rmided by the UllCOf
slippcd-<>n pieces of rubbcf ho!IC.
outside bevel
face
bevel protector
10. cfbc..J .. flidl trMt ne( be doooozed 01
mno.ed
15
Mosc pipes welded with 3 seam. Shippers require srMI':Igc
'll.ith the SC311'1 in d1e I Z o"doclc P06ition in order to 3\'llid ch:lfinl[ d:J.Ill:lj!): with or her pi pea.
pipes GJCShippcd With 3 spir:J.I SC3m. mr tho5c, OnlySpclCCB C3n prevent COOCICC
3Sld
CONSTRUCTION OF STANCHIONS
T here :ue a number of :llrem:lfh!CS for chc conatructioo of suilllhle stlndlions. ' l lleroJc
of sC3ndlioM i8 coMidctable hur, if shipmena of pipes are m be C3tried ofren, the co1c of
cooscruC(.inp; ro-usal:lle nl:JY be justified.
' l\1.'0 dilfcrcnc oonoepa3rc prcscnred.
Sumchi com;ept tm11
This is in some \"3)"J simil3r m dw u'ICd on sm:lllcr rimber dodc: le
c:on.,isls of caMilcvercd sandlionJ made up rrom short lcnsum of which
l'CI'tiCl!lr imcned into cwo 51 eel tup on the h:sreh sides or :lfld chocked with
timber IZ).
The C3ll rib-er 311":lJlg0-
ment requires the
of rhe uppct to be rhe
desired x h/ (h-d). 3.!1
indiC3ccd in l'ig. 13.
The section modulus
of die hc:1m needs to resiSL
a bendin!t momcnc MSI.
x d \\;th :1 bending scress
of not more ch:sn :ll>ooc
200
Stanchiqn conctJPI two
This 3/T:lngcmem may
he :!plllied if die 1\:lreh covers
or do noc pcnnic rhe
welding of I up.
lr consisls of burrr=d
sanchioM m3dc up rrom
short lcnl(tM of steel 1-
hcaml, of sm:lllcr section th:an
conccpconc. the lmeso(
die st:llldlioofi and
holred rn dlcdcdc.
T he buurc:M
he :1cw:hcd ro chc upper
plrt of the sanchinn by
way of 3 bol red ooonoccion
rufficicndy .strong to rupport
chc cr.um-crsc loild.
Fe 12. Stmdlicn acnct1lt one- slut <( sflltl Uxons ""'insvted
tu .:rd .l.p v.dtkd ID lides
16
The of dle st:IJlchion and the httarcss well cbc pcdesr:Us M dcde
mwc be ahle t<>\\'ith!Clnd cbc cen.;ion 2nd rom,>teuion Rhown in 14. There &g nn
sip1ilicam bending moment in this conccpr, hue rhe mlL1t rc.1isc
CARE OF THE SECURING ARRANGEMENTS
The :111d socuring of Stool pipes on deck is a process and muse
he C31Ticd out in compliance with me results of calcul3oons for dle dctctminalion of d1e
sccuring requirements. If there arc :liT5' rl1e acmcc and of an cxpctt should
he sought.
A.q \\ith :1 ROOIII.'ag<: on deck, a of pipes wm settle a little during me first
hours of the 'U)'lJ8<:- The pipes will bed into me timber :10d the mction
man:ingwill he naacnod SOmc\>hat. "ll1iswilllcad ro slight loosening of the bshingwircs of
all three alo::malivcs. Also, the v.'ircs used oo 9:CU.rc cbc srowJ)te arc, long and
v.ire rope stretches in proportion to its a.q discu.s.qcd :lixY>'C. Hearing these 13ctolll in
mind, ic is rcoornrncndcd dl:lt the I:!Shinj;(S he sec up 3nd ccndOO :1S rollo'IV!t .
.,_--MSL
MSL-dlh-d
---
MSL
17
J "' ) u
Advice for up and of Jlipe lash
All c:yr:s in me wires to he properly INdc widl an appropriate number of bullcfos fUips.
All cqui pmcnt, rurnhuckJc.q, 6hxklcs, hull do;;: pip6 and 90 on ro be wellgrcasod 31ld
wichoor dctecr..
All 13Shinll)l should he sec up m enswe dlcy swittht and not IC3dirlg ovet
protoctOOI.
should be sn fur :IS po!ISil*, when rc-cijthtened
when 3lllashinll)l have hocfl fiaod to the Stm\o:Jge.
All lashing)! should be rorcfully cwnincd and cightcnod ar me bcpjnning of dlc
hours of chc ship's clepmurc.
Alll3Shin&'l should he clc:unirlcd and tightenod a; dlroughoot
should be m:Jdc in the log book. rCOC>rding details of all insJ)CCcions.
Considet:ltion should he given to the planning of chc and lik.cly weadlcr and
9C3 conditions. \\'c3thcr rcpom :1nd should he oht:linod and coosidcruion should
he fV\oen to conrractin,l( me scfVicc.q of a wead1cr-routinF( If :ld\<crse weather or sca
conditions arc cncounrcn:d, actions should he t3kcn to minimise the nl()tions of the ship
en minimise me aocclcrations acting upon the C:l!S/1) - :1nd keep to :1 minimum me
on the socurinR armngemcnrs.
18
Appendix I
ADVANCED CALCULATION METHOD
The motions of a ship :ltC longitUdinal (toro-and-afc), tr:JJlm:flle (adlw:l.nships) and \<crtiC:ll.
In. addirion, a of c-.1rgo C:lrricd on dcoll: c:ocperienc:c fCli'OC>l produced by wind pressure
and by $C3Sioshingwhen :li'Cdlipped oo deck.
' I 'he W.lllCcd c-alculation mcchod t"rom annex 13 ofrhc CS .. <; Code 3SiiCS:SCS me halanc:c
hccwccn torccs and momentS in r-crm.s of morioos, tollov.-s.
' ti:lns1<crse sliding ro port and co sra.rboord.
' ti:ln!ll<crse ri1>ping mnmenl:ll ro port3nd cosr:uboord.
l.onjtirudin31 sliding tbtces in the IOre-andaft ditcerioo !loch fOtW.lld :1nd aft.
' I ne method is a C:lk:uhrinn i n tour pws ro dcr:crminc: if ch.c securing 31l'angcmcntS are
sufficient eo= the: c:ocrcm:ll forces and keep from shiftin,st. "I be: fOul steps
:ltC tollcw.os.
Advanced caJcularion method!
0<1&- all me: ba.,ic information 3hout me ship, rhc pic:ce (i)f irs stamgc
loc::Won should he obwnod and lisrx:d, a.r1d d1e prima.ry c-alcubl:ions completed.
llSrJ - the: o.'tcmsl lllrc:c8 tbsc arc likely ro act upon rhe of :ltC C:llcubrcrl
dlecffcctoffricrion :md the clli:cm<cne&'l and scrcnftthofall the indi1idual
lashill,!!ll in each of d1e four direcrions isc31rularod.
jr;pr- an is made m whed1cr or not dlC cffeerii'CnCSS of dlC
oombiolatiOtl of rhc li'iction 3lld lash <::a)ccds dlc liltcly accmal forces.
' I ne formuh for dleeafrulalion of dlC fllrc:c8 is as folmlll
C"Alculation of e:rtcmal (step two)
p C... p) Ill' a <..)I..) + P,. (,. r> + P; (._ y)
VI 'here





P longirudin:ll (,), aa.r\.crvctSe (y), and l<crtic31 (,), force 3S :lpflropri:u:c
m of carf!P unit in t
a longitudinal (J, tr:lnSVC'nc (, ), 31ld 1<crtical (.). acoclcr.l[ions (froo1 CS.<!
(lode Cl
F,. longjrudinal (J, a.r1d tr:lllS'I<cfSC 9 forces produood by wind pressure
P, lonwrudinal (J, and 41 !O!ces produced by SC3 sloshing.
19
Srcps three and four may be comhincd hy using me b3bnceC31cui:Jtions. :Ill foil
Balance (steps thl't)o and four)

' 1 r.1nsvc !'!le a J'li)injt:
l.angimdinal sliding;
F, 147111: t- CS r f
1
+ CStfz + ... + CS.,j.
+ CSrc
1
+CSzet + ...
+ CS.J
1
+ CSifz + ... + C.<;,:J.
A mllted of an :u:h'30cod Cllc:ularioo mcmoo is described in Mh
loos prC\ocnrion t1llll Stxurih'f.- A C:uidttro (kxK/
V.l:lrkod for dle three !IOCLIIing alrcrnati\-cs far a docksoowod of pipes
3ppc:1r in cheAppcndi" 11 ofchis ji.Uidc.
20
Appendix 11
VERIFICATION OF SECURING
ALTERNATIVES FOR DECK-STOWED
PIPES -WORKED EXAMPLES
A dcck.,o;tOIVCd car if' of pipes coruiso; of ;\9 indi\.-idual srocl pipes in :1 smck of three ticn of
14, 13 and I Z pipes (lli{t. S). 1-::tch pipe is of length I Z m, outside di:lrncrcr Z m and weight
10 t. Thus chem'Ct'lll srm\'3,geisoflcngm IZ m. v.idd'l Z8 m. mc:J.crurcd hcighc5_S m :md rot::ll
390 t.
' I be pipes :ucsrtf'll.rcd on am her dunn:l,l(C, such th3t the oodlicicm of frietiM 3t die base
is 0.3. m3tcri3l bctv.'OCn chc pipes in upper tiers is rubber
a cocflicicnc of friction of O.f>. ' I 'he &tOWJ,ltC is on chc c11d of numhcr 1\m h::lrch 0(7\'CI8
:md thercti>re die longitudinal position is lY.A> of me ship's h.
Three dil1acnc sccurins:: :uc dc\iscd in accordance \\ith the recommended
methods !let out in Chaptct 2. ' l'hesc then need to be assessed according to chc :ul\'3/loe
c-.llcul:l.tion med'lnd sec ouc in :lllncx 13 of the GSS Code.
' I be fim tm1 RCCf16 of the :ld\'3/locd C3lculation :ue common to all d'lroc arr3ngcll'ICilcs,
10110\\'S.
21
SECURING ALTERNATIVE ONE
A cot31 <>f 10 wiro-mpc vcn.iC31 h31floop eo port :11,d 10 to s ratbocud
at appropriate scpar.uioos. 20 mm diamercr lash is secured ro a hatch awcl' 1>-ring
via a shackle, and m a deck L>-ring \ri:la rurnhuddc and shackle, and has bulldog grip eyes.
Sccrions of stccllxirarc al90 welded clotc forward and aft of each pipe in the hocrom tict to
prevent longirudinal These SCOflpers, :u each end. have a toml welded seam length
ofahout2 m. each seam hcing asinglc4mm chickweld run and
gi\if\1: che stoppers a roe1l MSLofl!OO kN/m ()( 1!0 t. Each stopper is provided with timhcr
pocking to chock dlc pipe end.
The (weakest} in the scruring al1'3llgcment arc the eyes in dlc
formed wich bulldog 8'iJXS (sec mbl.e abo\cc) and thus each bshing may he
considered m have a MS I. of I 2..6 c, or I U. kN for the purpn;c of the calculation. A safety
facrnr is chcn applied to the MSL to grre the 'cakubtcd srrcngrh', givc11 hy CS
(this is achic\'Cd in the f.lcoor of0.(,7).
Ar. one side of d1e where it is secured r.o the deck, each has an 311jtle
(a) of 6.'io m dte hori?.ontal 'lllhercas ar chc ochct, where it is secured to the hatch cop. eoch
has an angle (a) ofrfl. Klr dlc of dlc calcubtion, the can he considcted to
oomprige rwo ofiUil kN (10 x 126), oncac and one at 0". Ftom CSSCodc
6, :tre O.M 1 rc.;pecrivcl)!
22


1
-t--'- 9
ll'f'>f + ro-( OJ
X
m
X
9.11

m.
&,., ..
&,., .. Nil.
v(lr>r - F) TCSf CJ 1)1<1 X tal
P'(""r - FJ TCSf OJ
X
tal
The final step iA ro ooosidcr lo!Wrudirol slidins;: of the UJlPCf tiers (Ace 28).
lJ
SECURING ALTERNATIVE TWO
A meal of 10 hnriMncal Me m p<'lf'C 3nd 10 ro scathooni in dtc
fare and aft line rhtOIJ#I individual pipes. Ill mm di31Tlc= lashing is led down and
inhoard and arC!Chcd via mmbuddcs and sh:lcklcs to L>-rinp "O.rcldcd ro d1c hatch r.op, and
has hull dog-grip eyes.
H:mr 0\rcr-rhc-rop wire are fitted to comJXlct the sll'l'll-agc hut rhcy do not
rontrihutc. to the !IOCUricy of the stowage and :1re not included in dlc cruculalions.
Sccrioos ofsrocl bar:uc:tlsowcldcdclroc tOtw:lrd and afcofC3Ch pipe in the hotoom tier
eo prevent sliding. ' l 'hclc sroPflC"S, :lt C3Ch end, h:lvca OOC3l wcklod seam length
of:1houc2 m, C3Chsc:lm mm chick weld run h:rrir1ga MSI , of400kN/m,
the SOOflflCt$ a ror:tl ;\ISL ofOO r: Exh stopper is with timhct p<1cking oo chock me
pipe end.
_ <111:1\,rdi seatT\1'\f .bod (MSIJ
Wire .!.!_!nm <t:.mcrtlCt' 6 x 19 I FC
Wire bull<!og n "'f"S
!tcddos - "reo D-<)1>0
'ThmbuddCJ
0
.. ,

30 c
30 'l
8)111 11.:4
M 9.8c
.... ,


$0c
The gm-cming (weakest) comp<mcnts in the securing :1rc the in dlc
horrzont31 half-loopl'llilrmod with bulldog (sec t:1hlc ahO\rc) :1nd thus each l:lllhing m:!}'
he considC(Cd to h:l\'C an MS I. of 9Jl r, or98 k for the purpose of rhc C31cubrion. A safety
fucror is then applied oo rhc MSL ro gi\oe the 'C:llcu13rcd given h] h] CS MSL/
U (dli.s is xhic\'al in rhc C:llcularion h) multiplying hya fJeoor of0.67).
Hmr horizont31 h:llt:loop :u C3Ch side of the make an angle (a) of 4SO
'lllhilc the odlctsix mala:: an angle (a) of a hour W ' ro rhc holi?.ooml. Hec:lusc \vires are riJti('Cd
in hmi7.onmlloops, each \\ire h:1.' rhc cffi:ct of far c-.llculation pu1JW1CS. dlc
purpo.;x:s of the C:llcul31ions the 0:1n he ro!WidC(Cd oo two one of
7114 kN (4 x Z :x 98} at 45" and one of It 76 kN (li x Z x 911) ar W'. Hom Ood.c 'l!lhlc 6,
thcj\t:!lucs :1rc o.n and 1.04 rcspoctirel}:
r
24
SECURING ALTERNATIVE TWO
A meal of 10 hnriMncal Me m p<'lf'C 3nd 10 ro scathooni in dtc
fare and aft line rhtOIJ#I individual pipes. Ill mm di31Tlc= lashing is led down and
inhoard and arC!Chcd via mmbuddcs and sh:lcklcs to L>-rinp "O.rcldcd ro d1c hatch r.op, and
has hull dog-grip eyes.
H:mr 0\rcr-rhc-rop wire are fitted to comJXlct the sll'l'll-agc hut rhcy do not
rontrihutc. to the !IOCUricy of the stowage and :1re not included in dlc cruculalions.
Sccrioos ofsrocl bar:uc:tlsowcldcdclroc tOtw:lrd and afcofC3Ch pipe in the hotoom tier
eo prevent sliding. ' l 'hclc sroPflC"S, :lt C3Ch end, h:lvca OOC3l wcklod seam length
of:1houc2 m, C3Chsc:lm mm chick weld run h:rrir1ga MSI , of400kN/m,
the SOOflflCt$ a ror:tl ;\ISL ofOO r: Exh stopper is with timhct p<1cking oo chock me
pipe end.
_ <111:1\,rdi seatT\1'\f .bod (MSIJ
Wire .!.!_!nm <t:.mcrtlCt' 6 x 19 I FC
Wire bull<!og n "'f"S
!tcddos - "reo D-<)1>0
'ThmbuddCJ
0
.. ,

30 c
30 'l
8)111 11.:4
M 9.8c
.... ,


$0c
The gm-cming (weakest) comp<mcnts in the securing :1rc the in dlc
horrzont31 half-loopl'llilrmod with bulldog (sec t:1hlc ahO\rc) :1nd thus each l:lllhing m:!}'
he considC(Cd to h:l\'C an MS I. of 9Jl r, or98 k for the purpose of rhc C31cubrion. A safety
fucror is then applied oo rhc MSL ro gi\oe the 'C:llcu13rcd given h] h] CS MSL/
U (dli.s is xhic\'al in rhc C:llcularion h) multiplying hya fJeoor of0.67).
Hmr horizont31 h:llt:loop :u C3Ch side of the make an angle (a) of 4SO
'lllhilc the odlctsix mala:: an angle (a) of a hour W ' ro rhc holi?.ooml. Hec:lusc \vires are riJti('Cd
in hmi7.onmlloops, each \\ire h:1.' rhc cffi:ct of far c-.llculation pu1JW1CS. dlc
purpo.;x:s of the C:llcul31ions the 0:1n he ro!WidC(Cd oo two one of
7114 kN (4 x Z :x 98} at 45" and one of It 76 kN (li x Z x 911) ar W'. Hom Ood.c 'l!lhlc 6,
thcj\t:!lucs :1rc o.n and 1.04 rcspoctirel}:
r
24
s
'
1
I""' f ... 'SI:S{ eJ

m X + Ill!

!4!0 m1 Yea
,.,.,. l:CS-c
""'
-
,.,.,. .. l:CS-c
""'
t.!l
1)10
"
tal Sl;

1119
''"
' I 'he lin:ll step i$ t o c o o . ~ i c b lof\l!)rudiral sliding of the upper tiers (sre p3,I(C 28).
25
SECURING ALTERNATIVE THREE
t-Our sto::l J!:lnchions of solid consmtccion :11e holccd or welded m the deck and
ruppclfrcd bystmngsrccl and ti w:d '1\ith equal scparJtion m both sid<:J, port and
smrhoord, of the Each smnchion an MSL of 50 cor .'iOO lu'\l tor the JlUIJXl6C of
che c-Jic:ulations.
' I ne cont3C)( areas hecwccn the Sctnchions and the outer bocmm-cier pipes :llC li nod th
timber ro roduoc IOC31 prCJSure and minimise abra.qion.
S"rx 0\'Crdlc-top "ire arc firtod ro oon1paa me hue d1cy do not
comrihute m dle sccuri c:y of the stO'IV'JgC and arc not included in me C3lculation.
Sccrions of srocl b:lr arc a.ISX'I welded ci(JSC torn-.1rd and arc of each pipe in d1e bottom
tier to prevent longirudinal sliding. These stoppers. at C3Ch end, h3ve a mcll welded sc:an1
len,l\th of about Z m, c:tch seam being a 4 mm thick weld nm and hnins::: a MSI , of 400
kt'\ifm, chcsmpJlCfS a roml MSL .. of80 r. Each smr>pcr is provided with timlx:r packing
to cllock the pipe end.

s ... t conttruaiO<I st:lt>d1J ....
' I ne ('ll.eakcst) comporlCOCS in the fiOCUring :11C the St::lnchions
(sec :!lx'l\-c). A safecy lactOf is c.hen :lflplicd to the st::1nchion MSL to gil;c d1c 'calculated
scrongth', hyCS MSL/1.5 (this isachicrod in the calculation by
26
QOI}fJO ICIIt
propotliOI

(><
T"""'..,....

T""""'""" OWI'Il
1 8
CliO Ul !3t> Ill?
The lirl31 step is tocoosidCI' lon,!ljrudircl slidingofthc (soo page 2.'1).
27
LONGITUDINAL SLIDING OF UPPER TWO TIERS
The liMI cheek for oil chrcc <llccrnBtnc securing is m check me
longirudinal slidinlt of rhc upper nm of 12 :md I J pipes, which 'll.<cijtlt :1 of 250 c
(10x (12 + 13)).
friccion-incte3!1ing mhhcr m3rting hcmccn the pipes in each tier :1nd with dlc
comprcssi\oe ooturc ohhe wed in all duoc altcm:tti've :lmngcmcms. ir is assumed
the friction coefficient i.q 0.6.
CONCLUSION
All duoc altcm:llivc securing 3rr:lflsemcnrs, indudinlt me fiiion-incrCJSing m:ming
u.qcd for the upper nm provide 3Jl eflecrh<c comhinarion of friction :1nd cklc
cxcccd the likely external tranm:ffle:lnd longjtudiool sliding forcc.ot
28
INDEX
ftJw!
l'hiJ"
Ad.ticionw f .... , .... 11 - r7ill&'the-tup 9, 10
Ador.ma:d calcubriun mo:d>n<.l .a I<J, 21 - '"" up und t<:ndinK
liS
Advico liJ> W'ld rcndinK 18
- vtn.icul half.brp 1$
Aftc:,..C,oc .wcurirw mcdmd> K
1.-im::s nt I>CN'CC!n I"'"'' 14
AppJtcubJe ICjQ.JI:llit>n> 4
Lr"3irudinal lidin,s;- of llfiJ>C: r , ;..,. 21$
&J:rna: 20
- pn:,t:m_inn 8, 9, 10, 21$
.:d,1> ll<IKI:ICCD1>< IS
Otlt o::r a>n>id.c:nuic:m< 14
Calrul01illf1 n( fmu:< I<J
0 .-crihc:-up la,hinx 9, 10
Cue r>f ...wrin.rt UfiiU\I(I:nl"''"'
17
m>tc:NI 5, 7 ....
O,.,.u:curi<til3 of pipac
.>
J\mni,..Qhlc: lrl<llling<rn lro:h IXI\<:nr 6
O.ickcn-I:W.Jc:r.< 15
16
Code crf!M'c: l'rw:liao fur Ou)o> Stmo"XX
""*"'"'"'
15
und (('f;S Oxlc) 4
Oxlc crfSatC: Pr.u:liao fur Shi1n
lx:!Urc: lrlWlirvt 6
'TlmiJCT T'>ed< Cu!""' 4
of wire lll>hinJI;' 11
C'..om)lUCtne>o.'< (I!' hlcdc 14
""t<X.-tit>n u( l>iJ""'
5, 15
9, IU
nCKuluocm.< ..
Cm,.'truetirm of <t.>nchit>n> If>
Rubl>cr nuwin11 s, 7, ...
C'..oncu."Liinec '""''"*"' rip:;,;
14
Sewn f"l'dlim,. 16
l}.nn:v;r: unm: l:s.>hif\'1'1 13
Sow ring 8, 11, Zl
(}.,..iJo> wncq><.'< fur >runtchirxu If>
Srrt upund 18

'
St>oot:lll 14
win>b.hntJ'i' 11
Stu>chxn"' 10, 16
p..,....,mK " ""''P"'' l>lock
14


I
P-"""'J>lc = rin.'t 11, 21
StnnKth offittinp;< 13
P .xu:nui G:rra:.<. e>lculwicm crf 19
Strcrtdt blhin;;< 11
Fiwnp;<. 13
'Thnd'"'lll'"hin;;. liS
19
...... "
9, IU
Thrc<> Ill "'"'"'ivo """'''""K met hod.
8
Hw:h a.n:r pcmni,.il>lc luwJin& f>
'Timber D::ck ('""' Cndc: ..
Horlmnoll hwt'-lcxlJl 9
1inthc:r - 6, 7. 14
I cmnamtinx 9, w
- WWJ\'C" 7 ....
13
Up1><:r licrx. ,,lidinjl 28
11
\ l:s-Oc.IJ la_,hin,"" $
- ownplc: =.ntJI>"lT':<'Its 11, 21
7. 14
<J, 1U \\"ifl) h."hinJe' 11
- lrll<i:mnoll h>ll':xrp 9 v;(n ked ts:<Wn r 1 ... 10. Zl
29
DECK STOWAGE
AND SECURING
OF PIPES
by CHARLES BLIAULT, HERMANN KAPS
and North of England P&I Association
Large-diameter pipes for todays sophisticated
energy and water industries are now expensive,
precision-engineered pieces of cargo that need to
be handled with utmost care. Given their often
substantial size and relatively low weight they
tend to be carried on the decks of cargo ships
rather than in the holds, which exposes shipowners
to considerably higher risk from damage and
loss claims. The main causes of such claims are
inadequate or inappropriate stowage and securing,
which this guide sets out to address. It describes
how best to stow pipes on deck, provides details
of three recommended securing methods, explains
why these methods must not be combined and
stresses the importance of regularly tending to
securing arrangements during the voyage. It also
provides worked examples showing how all three
securing methods can be properly verified using
the advanced calculation method from the IMO
Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and
Securing. The guide is intended to be used in
conjunction with Cargo Stowage and Securing A
Guide to Good Practice, also by Charles Bliault.
Charles Bliault (left) is an extra master
who was at sea with Cunard for 13 years.
He progressed from cadet to chief officer,
serving on a wide range ships including
general and refrigerated cargo liners, bulk
carriers and container vessels carrying all
types of dry cargo. He joined Brookes Bell
in 1983 and became a partner of the firm in
1994. His work as a surveyor and consultant
includes the carriage of all types of steel and
concrete pipes as well as most other types
of cargoes. general cargoes, steel products,
forest products, containers and ro-ro items.
Having witnessed the extensive damage
and injuries that can result from poor or
inappropriate stowage and securing, he has a
keen interest in promoting safe practice in all
aspects of cargo handling and carriage.
Hermann Kaps (right) is an internationally
recognised authority on all aspects of project
cargo and tanker shipping. He spent 13
years at sea with Hansa-Line in Bremen,
Germany, progressing to chief officer. In
1970 he joined the former Hochschule
fr Nautik in Bremen, where he lectured
in cargo technology, ship stability and
emergency management until 2004, and was
also visiting professor at the World Maritime
University in Malm, Sweden. From 1985
to 2002 he advised the German delegation
to the International Maritime Organization
in London, during which time he also
chaired the working group for the Code
of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and
Securing Code. Annex 13 to the code, which
covers assessment of non-standard securing
arrangements, is based on his initiative.
North of England P&I Association, with
offices in the UK, Hong Kong, Greece and
Singapore, is one of the leading international
mutual marine liability insurers with over
90 million GT of entered tonnage. The
Association has developed a world-wide
reputation for the quality and diversity of
its loss-prevention initiatives, which include
this series of loss prevention guides co-
authored with leading industry experts.
NORTH OF ENGLAND P&I ASSOCI ATI ON
30
ISBN: 978-0-9558257-0-5