CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION
This handy cell phone detector, pocket-size mobile transmission detector can sense the presence of an activated mobile cell phone from a short distance. So it can be used to prevent use of mobile phones in examination halls, confidential rooms, etc. It is also useful for detecting the use of mobile phone for spying and unauthorized video transmission. The circuit can detect the incoming and outgoing calls, SMS and video transmission even if the mobile phone is kept in the silent mode. It senses the radio frequency (RF) transmissions from nearby cellular or mobile phones. If required, other sources of RF transmissions can also be detected including twoway radios, and other wireless communication devices. When a transmission is detected, an alarm sequence begins that may include any combination of visual LED glows. In addition the unit can be used as a static or portable detector, and it can be used to generate remote alarms, activate other equipment (including remote indication devices) and extend alarm messages into other areas. Cellular phone technology is rapidly changing. Features like Bluetooth, USB, high resolution cameras, microphones, Internet, 802.11 wireless, and memory cards are added every year. Also, the communication technology a cellular phone uses such as CDMA, GSM, 3G, and 4G are rapidly changing. Hence there is more chance for leaking of confidential matter. In order to avoid such leakage of information cell phone detectors are used.

1.1 Components Used In Cell Phone Detector: ANTENNA IC CA3130

NE555 TIMER BC548 TRANSISTOR LED PIEZO BUZZER 12V SUPPLY RESISTORS CAPACITORS

1.2 Antenna:
The size and shape of the antenna and the way it's constructed determine the gain and directivity of the antenna. The antenna transmits and receives electromagnetic signals. When gain increases the amount of desired signal energy that can be captured Increase but the amount of environmental noise and interferences that's captured increases by the same amount. Antenna receives the radio frequency signals (RF signals) from the mobile phone. The radio frequency signals are grasped by the antenna. In the detection process we use a wire type antenna. An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter applies an oscillating radio frequency electric current to the antenna's terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals that is applied to a receiver to be amplified. An antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving.

1.3 CA3130:
CA3130A and CA3130 are op amps that combine the advantage of both CMOS and bipolar transistors. Gate-protected P-Channel MOSFET (PMOS) transistors are used in the input circuit to provide very-high-input impedance, very-low-input current and exceptional speed performance. The use of PMOS transistors in the input stage results in common-mode input-voltage capability down to 0.5V below the negative-supply terminal, an important attribute in single-supply applications. A CMOS transistor-pair, capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10mV of either supply-voltage terminal (at very high values of load impedance), is employed as the output circuit. The CA3130 Series circuits operate at supply voltages ranging from 5V to 16V, (2.5V to 8V). They can be phase compensated with a single external capacitor, and have terminals for adjustment of offset voltage for applications requiring offset-null capability. Terminal provisions are also made to permit strobing of the output stage. The CA3130A offers superior input characteristics over those of the CA3130.

1.3.1 Features of CA3130: MOSFET Input Stage Provides: - Very High ZI = 1.5 T (1.5 x 1012) (Typ) - Very Low II . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5pA (Typ) at 15V Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .= 2pA (Typ) at 5V Operation Ideal for Single-Supply Applications Common-Mode Input-Voltage Range Includes negative Supply Rail; Input Terminals can be Swung 0.5V Below Negative Supply Rail CMOS Output Stage Permits Signal Swing to Either (or both) Supply Rails Pb-Free Plus Anneal Available (RoHS Compliant)

1.3.2 Applications of CA3130: Ground-Referenced Single Supply Amplifiers Fast Sample-Hold Amplifiers Long-Duration Timers/Monostables
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 High-Input-Impedance Comparators (Ideal Interface with Digital CMOS) High-Input-Impedance Wideband Amplifiers Voltage Followers (e.g. Follower for Single-Supply D/A Converter) Voltage Regulators (Permits Control of Output Voltage Down to 0V) Peak Detectors Single-Supply Full-Wave Precision Rectifiers Photo-Diode Sensor Amplifiers

Pin Diagram of CA3130:

Fig 1.1: Pin diagram of CA3130

1.4 IC 555 Timers:

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation and oscillator applications. The part is still in widespread use, thanks to its ease of use, low price and good stability. As of 2003, it was estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year.

1.4.1 Design:
The IC design was proposed in 1970 by Hans R. Camenzind and Jim Ball. After prototyping, the design was ported to the Monochip analogue array, incorporating detailed design by Wayne Foletta and others from Qualidyne Semiconductors. Signetics (later acquired by Philips) took over the design and production, and released the first 555s in 1971. Depending on the manufacturer, the standard 555 package includes over 20 transistors, 2 diodes and 15 resistors on a silicon chip installed in an 8-pin mini dual-in-line package (DIP-8).Variants available include the 556 (a 14-pin DIP combining two 555s on one chip), and the 558 (a 16-pin DIP combining four slightly modified 555s with DIS & THR connected internally, and TR is falling edge sensitive instead of level sensitive). The NE555 parts were commercial temperature range, 0 C to +70 C, and the SE555 part number designated the military temperature range, 55 C to +125 C. These were available in both high-reliability metal can (T package) and inexpensive epoxy plastic (V package) packages. Thus the full part numbers were NE555V, NE555T, SE555V, and SE555T. It has been hypothesized that the 555 got its name from the three 5 k resistors used within, but Hans Camenzind has stated that the number was arbitrary. Low-power versions of the 555 are also available, such as the 7555 and CMOS TLC555.The 7555 is designed to cause less supply glitching than the classic 555 and the manufacturer claims that it usually does not require a "control" capacitor and in many cases does not require a decoupling capacitor on the power supply. Such a practice should nevertheless be avoided, because noise produced by the timer or variation in power supply voltage might interfere with other parts of a circuit or influence its threshold voltages.

Fig 1.2: Pin diagram of IC 555 The connection of the pins for a DIP package is as follows: Pin Name Purpose 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 GND TRIG OUT Ground, low level (0 V) OUT rises, and interval starts, when this input falls below 1/3 VCC. This output is driven to +VCC or GND.

RESET A timing interval may be interrupted by driving this input to GND. CTRL "Control" access to the internal voltage divider (by default, 2/3 VCC). THR DIS The interval ends when the voltage at THR is greater than at CTRL. Open collector output; may discharge a capacitor between intervals.

V+, VCC Positive supply voltage is usually between 3 and 15 V.

1.4.2 Modes: The 555 has three operating modes:

Monostable mode: in this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot" pulse generator. Applications include timers, missing pulse detection, bounce free switches, touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) and so on.

Astable free running mode: the 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse position modulation and so on. Selecting a thermistor as timing resistor allows the use of the 555 in a temperature sensor: the period of the output pulse is determined by the temperature. The use of a microprocessor based circuit can then convert the pulse period to temperature, linearize it and even provide calibration means.

Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger: the 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include bounce free latched switches.

1.4.3 Monostable Operation:

Fig 1.3: Schematic of a 555 in monostable mode

Fig 1.4: Monostable Characteristics

The relationships of the trigger signal, the voltage on C and the pulse width in monostable mode In the monostable mode, the 555 timer acts as a one-shot pulse generator. The pulse begins when the 555 timer receives a signal at the trigger input that falls below a third of the voltage supply. The width of the output pulse is determined by the time constant of an RC network, which consists of a capacitor (C) and a resistor (R). The output pulse ends when the voltage on the capacitor equals 2/3 of the supply voltage. The output pulse width can be lengthened or shortened to the need of the specific application by adjusting the values of R and C. The output pulse width of time t, which is the time it takes to charge C to 2/3 of the supply voltage, is given by

Where t is in seconds, R is in ohms and C is in farads. See RC circuit for an explanation of this effect.While using the timer IC in monostable mode, the main disadvantage is that the time span between the two triggering pulses must be greater than the RC time constant.

1.4.4 Features of 555 Timer:

Turn-off time less than 2ms

Max. operating frequency greater than 500 kHz Timing from microseconds to hours Operates in both astable and monostable modes Adjustable duty cycle TTL compatible Temperature stability of 0.005% per C

1.4.5 Applications of 555 Timer: Precision timing Pulse generation Sequential timing Time delay generation Pulse width modulation

1.5 BC548 Transistor:

The BC548 is a general purpose silicon NPN BJT transistor. The "BC" part of the number designates a low power silicon NPN transistor. Transistor is a CURRENT operated device which has a very large amount of current (Ic) which flows without restraint through the device between the collector and emitter terminals. Transistors are circuit elements designed to function either as amplifiers or as switches.

Fig 1.5: BC548 Transistor 1.5.1 Applications of BC548 Transistor: A common application for NPN transistors is to use then as switches in circuits. Another application for NPN transistors is to use them as an voltage amplifier. It can also be used as current amplifier.

1.6 LED:
LED means Light Emitting Diode. It is an electronic device that lights up when electricity is passed through it. LEDs are usually red. They are good for displaying images because they can be relatively small.The moment the bug detects RF transmission signal from an activated mobile phone, it starts sounding a beep alarm and the LED blinks.LEDs contain an integrated multivibrator circuit inside which causes the LED to flash with a typical time period. A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source.LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. When a lightemitting diode is forward-biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of the semiconductor. LEDs are often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy

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consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output.

Fig 1.6: Light Emitting Diodes

1.7 Piezo Buzzer:

The piezo buzzer produces sound based on reverse of the piezoelectric effect. These buzzers can be used alert a user of an event corresponding to a switching action, counter signal or sensor input.The buzzer produces a same noisy sound irrespective of the voltage variation applied to it. It consists of piezo crystals between two conductors.When a potential is applied across these crystals, they push on one conductor and pull on the other.This, push and pull action, results in a sound wave. Most buzzers produce sound in the range of 2 to 4 kHz.

Fig1.7: Piezo Buzzer

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A piezoelectric disk generates a voltage when deformed (change in shape is greatly exaggerated). A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electrical charge. Piezoelectric sensors have proven to be versatile tools for the measurement of various processes. They are used for quality assurance, process control and for research and development in many different industries.

Structure of Piezo Buzzer:

Fig 1.8: Structure of piezo buzzer

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CHAPTER-2

IMPLEMENTATION
Block Diagram:

MOBILE PHONE

RECEIVER ANTENNA

CURRENT TO VOLTAGE CONVERT ER

TIMER

SPEAKER

Fig 2.1: Block Diagram

2.1 Algorithm:
STEP-1 STEP-2 STEP-3 STEP-4 STEP-5 STEP-6 STEP-7 STEP-8 : Supply is given to activate the circuit. : A transaction is made through the mobile. : The antenna receives the IR signals and passes them to op-amp. : LED glows indicating that IR signals are sensed. : The output of op-amp is fed to the timer. : The timer is triggered. : The timer activates the buzzer. : The buzzer indicates that the cell phone is detected.

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Flow Chart:

START

SUPPLY IS GIVEN

TRANSACTION THROUGH MOBILE

ANTENNA RECIEVES IR SIGNALS

SIGNALS ARE PASSED THROUGH OP-AMP

LED GLOWS

OUTPUT OF OP-AMP IS FED TO TIMER

TIMER IS TRIGGERED

BUZZER IS ACTIVATED

CELL PHONE IS DETECTED

STOP

Fig 2.2: Flow chart

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Circuit Diagram:

Fig 2.3: Circuit Diagram

2.2 Operation of Cell Phone Detector:

An ordinary RF detector using tuned LC circuits is not suitable for detecting signals in the GHz frequency band used in mobile phones. The transmission frequency of mobile phones ranges from 0.9 to 3 GHz with a wavelength of 3.3 to 10 cm. So a circuit detecting gigahertz signals is required for a mobile bug. Here the circuit uses a 0.22F disk capacitor (C3) to capture the RF signals from the mobile phone. The lead length of the capacitor is fixed as 18 mm with a spacing of 8 mm between the leads to get the desired frequency. The disk capacitor along with the leads acts as a small gigahertz loop antenna to collect the RF signals from the mobile phone. Op-amp IC CA3130 (IC1) is used in the circuit as a current-to-voltage converter with capacitor C3 connected between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. It is a CMOS version using gate-protected p-channel MOSFET transistors in the input to provide very high input impedance, very low input current and very high speed of performance. The output CMOS

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transistor is capable of swinging the output voltage to within 10 mV of either supply voltage terminal. Capacitor C3 in conjunction with the lead inductance acts as a transmission line that intercepts the signals from the mobile phone. This capacitor creates a field, stores energy and transfers the stored energy in the form of minute current to the inputs of IC1. This will upset the balanced input of IC1 and convert the current into the corresponding output voltage. Capacitor C4 along with high-value resistor R1 keeps the non-inverting input stable for easy swing of the output to high state. Resistor R2 provides the discharge path for capacitor C4. Feedback resistor R3 makes the inverting input high when the output becomes high. Capacitor C5 (47pF) is connected across strobe (pin 8) and null inputs (pin 1) of IC1 for phase compensation and gain control to optimize the frequency response. When the mobile phone signal is detected by C3, the output of IC1 becomes high and low alternately according to the frequency of the signal as indicated by LED1. This triggers monostable timer IC2 through capacitor C7. Capacitor C6 maintains the base bias of transistor T1 for fast switching action. The low-value timing components R6 and C9 produce very short time delay to avoid audio nuisance. Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB as compact as possible and enclose in a small box like junk mobile case. As mentioned earlier, capacitor C3 should have a lead length of 18 mm with lead spacing of 8 mm. Carefully solder the capacitor in standing position with equal spacing of the leads. The response can be optimized by trimming the lead length of C3 for the desired frequency. You may use a short telescopic type antenna. Use the miniature 12V battery of a remote control and a small buzzer to make the gadget pocket-size. The unit will give the warning indication if someone uses mobile phone within a radius of 1.5 meters.

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CHAPTER-3

APPLICATIONS OFCELL PHONE DETECTORS

3.1 Military Basis:
In government buildings and military bases the unit should be installed in all sensitive areas. In addition to potential RAT phones, the Cellphone Detector can detect bugs emitting RF within the specified band range. In addition, it can be rigged to trigger a digital camera to capture an image of a person using a phone in a restricted area by sending a signal to an external trigger mechanism from the remote alarm terminal.

3.2 Prisons:
Cellphone Detector may be placed outside cell doors during lock up hours within prison wings to reduce illicit cellular phone activity. In addition, Cellphone Detector maybe installed in entranceways, corridors, waiting and meeting areas where inmates visits are conducted.

3.3 Hospitals:
Cellphone Detector units are installed in general locations in corridors and waiting rooms to deter nuisance public cellular phone usage. Sensitive electronic equipment within intensive care wards and operating theatres that are vulnerable to RF interference will have units installed near them.

3.4 Schools and Colleges:

Cellphone Detector units are installed in general locations in corridors, assembly points, concourses, classrooms and lecture theatres to promote conformity and establishment order. Cellphone detector units are deployed in examination rooms to deter examination fraud via text messaging.

3.5 Places of Worship:

Cellphone Detector units are installed as a deterrent at the main entrance. Where cellular phone misuse is a severe or persistent problem then units can be installed in the main prayer area with audio alert set to low volume.

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3.6 Museums and Libraries:

Cellphone Detector units are installed in all areas in museums and libraries with audio warning on low volume.

3.7 Courtrooms:
Cellphone Detector units are installed directly outside courtrooms with range set to near. Inside the courtroom itself, a wall-mounted unit silently flashing in the public gallery may alert security staff.

3.8 General Application:

Cellular phone detection and deterrence is an additional layer of security for your organization. How effective this layer of security will be will be dependent on the environment, the number of devices installed and how the detectors are integrated with other layers of security such as metal detection and access control systems. Confidential advice and assistance regarding how this product can be used is available from your supplier.

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CHAPTER-4

PROJECT KIT
4.1 Circuit Connections:

Fig 4.1: Circuit Connections

The connections of the circuit are made as per the circuit diagram which is shown in the above figure.

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4.2 Results:

Fig 4.2: Results of cell phone detector

A transaction is made through a cell phone and it is brought near the circuit. Then the IR signals are detected by the antenna and the LED glows and the buzzer rings indicating that the cell phone is detected.

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CHAPTER-5

CONCLUSION
Cellular phone technology is gaining new data capabilities very rapidly. New features like Bluetooth, high resolution cameras, memory cards, and Internet make them ideal for getting data in and out of secure facilities. A cellular phone uses many different transmission protocols such as FDMA or CDMA. These protocols dictate how a cellular phone communicates with the tower. Typically cellular phones in the United States operate between 824 - 894 MHz. Many businesses depend on keeping information protected and build fortresses that called secure facilities to protect their investment. Currently the only way to ensure that no one is bringing a cellular phone into a secure facility is to search everyone entering and exiting. This requires a lot of manpower and money to implement. This project is used for military and civil defense for mobile radiation detection. Used for spying the unauthorized video transmission in mobile phones. Used to prevent the usage of mobile phones in examination and seminar halls. The signals emitted by mobile phones can interfere with some electronic equipment inside the hospital. This could have fatal consequences.so we use this project to detect the usage of mobile phones in the above places.

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REFERENCES

www.alldatasheets.com www.efyprojects.com www.circuitstudy.com

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