Periodic Classification of Elements

Classification of Elements according to electron configuration ( type of subshell being filled) *valence electrons outer electrons of atom which are those involved in chemical bonding ; accounts for similarities in chemical behavior among elemens within each of this groups y Representative elements/ Main Group elements Group 1A-7A Incompletely filled s/ p subshells Display a wide range of physical and chemical properties Most reactive and most predictable with respect to periodic properties most abundant elements on the earth, in the solar system, and in the universe Group number equals the number of electrons in the highest / outermost energy level H 1s1 Li 2s1 Na 3s1 Noble Gases -

Group 8A Completely filled p subshell (exc. He) Great stability Except krypton and xenon, elements in noble gases are totally inert chemically The noble gases are all found in minute quantities in the atmosphere, and are isolated by fractional distillation of liquid air. helium neon argon 1s2 [He]2s22p6 [Ne]3s23p6

Transition Metals Group 1B and 3B-8B Incompletely filled d subshells Readily produce cations ductile and malleable, and conduct electricity and heat exhibit several common oxidation states Less predictable properties 2B (Zinc, Mercury etc.)- neither representative elements nor transition metals Transition metal compounds are paramagnetic when they have one or more unpaired d electrons. Sc Ti V 4s23d1 4s23d2 4s23d3 Inner Transition Metals

Lanthanides/rare earth series- Follow lanthanum Actinides- follow actinium; most of these elements are not found in nature but have been synthesized Incompletely filled f subshells Cerium: 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f2 Praseodymium:1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f3 Electron Configurations of Cations and Anions

Ions derived from Representative Elements Cation- electrons removed Anion- electrons added Isoelectronic ions or atoms and ions that have the same number of electrons, and hence the same ground state electron \configuration Cations derived from transition Metals Prepared By: Monina Te