JIS-A: Grammar: ni and de* 名前: ________________________________________

Particle に is used to indicate a location of existence**. Basically, when indicating a location

with あります or います use particle に.
Particle で is used to indicate the location of an action. Basically, when indicating a location
with verbs other than あります or います use particle で.
Particle に is also used to indicate a destination. There is a distinction here between a location
(where something is) and a destination (where something goes). Verbs that take a destination are
いく, くる, and かえる***.
がっこう べんきょう

例: 学校で 勉 強 しました。 I studied at school.

学校に行きました。 I went to school.
じしょ つくえ

辞書ですか。 机 の上にありますよ。 The dictionary? It’s on top of the desk.

次の文章を、日本語で書きなさい:
1. Shall we study at the library? (speaking to another student you don’t know well)

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2. Where is the dictionary? I thought it was on the teacher’s desk, but… (speaking to a friend)
(「と思う」を使いなさい)

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3. I thought he came to the game, but actually he didn’t. (speaking to a friend)
(「と思う」を使いなさい)

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4. Turn left at the next intersection, and it’s on the left hand side. (speaking to a stranger)
(「-て」を使いなさい)

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5. This weekend I’m going to go to a football game, see a movie, and play video games (lit. do
video games) at Jack’s house. (speaking to a friend) (「-て」を使いなさい)

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6. You want to go outside? But it’s raining, so you can’t play outside, right? (parent to a child)
(「から」を使いなさい)

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*Mistakes related to sentence endings and particles に and で will be penalized.
**Particle に has many functions. We will cover others later.
***Verbs such as はしる and あるく, which describe how one goes to a destination, do not take a destination. To
indicate a destination they need to be paired with いく, くる, or かえる.