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PATHOLOGY

Normal Gallbladder

Gallstones
‡ Two main types:

Cholesterol Stones

Pigment Stones

Cholesterol Stones
‡ Formation involves four simultaneous conditions:
1. 2. 3. 4. Bile is supersaturated with cholesterol Gallbladder hypomotility leads to nucleation Cholesterol nucleation is accelerated Hypersecretion of mucus in gallbladder traps the nucleated crystals Aggregation into stones

Cholesterol Stones
‡ Arise exclusively in the gallbladder ‡ Pure cholesterol stones (rare)
± Pale yellow, round to ovoid & finely granular, hard external surface

Pigment Stones
‡ Classified as:
± Black Pigment Stones ± Brown Pigment Stones

Black Pigment Stones


‡ In sterile gallbladder bile ‡ Contain oxidized polymers of the calcium salts of unconjugated bilirubin

Brown Pigment Stones


‡ In infected intrahepatic or extrahepatic ducts ‡ Contain pure calcium salts of unconjugated bilirubin

Acute Cholecystitis

Acute Cholecystitis

Acute Cholecystitis

Chronic Cholecystitis

Chronic cholecystitis

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