Essential Biology 06: 6.

2 The Transport System

Digested food molecules are carried in the blood around the body. 1. Other than digested food molecules, what other substances are transported in the blood? Respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide), hormones secreted by endocrine glands, waste material, and ions 2. What are the functions of the following components of blood: Plasma: Excrete waste products, carrying nutrients for cell metabolism, transport hormones, containing antibodies and clotting agents. Platelets: Maintenance of clot formation. Erythrocytes: Carry oxygen to all the body cells. Leukocytes: Prevent the spreading of disease. This includes protection from pathogens, bacteria, viruses as the killing of cancerous cells. 3. Draw and label a simple diagram of the heart showing: Right and left atria and ventricles, atrio-ventricular and semi-lunar valves, aorta, pulmonary artey, pulmonary vein, vena cava and cardiac muscle.

Stephen Taylor http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

Bandung International School

Essential Biology 06: 6.2 The Transport System

Stephen Taylor http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

Bandung International School

Essential Biology 06: 6.2 The Transport System

4. Where is the cardiac muscle thickest? Why? In the left ventricle. Because it because it needs to pump blood to most of the body systemic (while the right ventricle fills only the lungs pulmonary). Distinguish between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Oxygenated blood is with oxygen. Deoxygenated blood has no oxygen. Oxygenated is found in arteries like the Aorta. Deoxygenated blood is found in the veins.

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6. Outline the journey of a single red blood cell taking one full circuit of the transport system, starting and finishing at the liver. You could use a flow chart/cycle for this. The red blood cell goes from the liver out the portal vein to the inferior vena cava to the right side of the heart (right atrium, then right ventricle) to the pulmonary artery to the lung, back via the pulmonary vein to the left side of the heart (left atrium and then the left ventricle), out the aorta through to the right iliac artery, then the right femoral artery into the right legs. Between the arteries and the veins are smaller arteries and veins and capillaries. And then it goes back to the heart through the veins and the cycle repeats. Why is the flow of blood described as double circulation? Because it contains the pulmonary system and the systemic system. (Pulmonary going to the lungs only, and Systemic going through the rest of the body). What is a myocyte? A muscle cell. Explain the myogenic origin of the heartbeat. Myogenic heart has a pacemaker system. There is a pacemaker of specialized cardiac muscle located in the right auricle. It sends an impulse which goes to the AV node and then to the bundle of HIs and Purkinje fibres to complete a cardiac cycle.

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10. Name and label the parts of the heart

responsible for initiation and propagation of the heart beat. The SA and AV nodes.

Stephen Taylor http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

Bandung International School

Essential Biology 06: 6.2 The Transport System

11. What is meant by the term indefatigable?

That it is persistently tireless.

12. Complete a flow chart to show how heart rate changes with exercise. Include the roles of the blood, medulla oblongata, nerves, SA node and the Vagus nerve.

13. What is the effect of the hormone adrenalin? It increases the heart rate as it dilates the blood vessels and air passages. Also as air passages are dilated, it allows for more oxygen to be breathed in at one time; thus providing the body with more energy, and similarly allowing more Carbon Dioxide 14. Compare the structure and functions of these blood vessels: Artery Capillary Vein

Diagram (labeled, cross section)

Function

Transport blood out of the heart.

Allow the diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes between plasma and other fluids.

Transport blood back to the heart.

Stephen Taylor http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

Bandung International School

Essential Biology 06: 6.2 The Transport System

Travels How is structure related to function? From heart Thick, more pumping potential Through tissue More surface area, faster process To heart Thin, less pumping potential

Stephen Taylor http://sciencevideos.wordpress.com

Bandung International School