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RolulcrilorliturgicenculturatransilvneannsecolulalXVIIIlea

TheRoleoftheLiturgicalBooksinTransylvanianCultureinthe18thCentury

byPaulBogdanIvanov

Source: StudiaUniversitatisBabesBolyaiOrthodoxTheology(StudiaUniversitatisBabesBolyaiTheologia Orthodoxa),issue:12/2004,pages:253264,onwww.ceeol.com.

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