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| | | |
= = = =
| |
\ . \ .
(3 s.f.)
(iii) Probability
1 5 5 5 1 125
0.0161
6 6 6 6 6 7776
= = = (3 s.f.)
2. X ~ B(10, 0.34)
(i) P(X = 3) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
10 3 7
3
3 7
C 0.34 0.66
10 9 8
0.34 0.66
1 2 3
0.257 (3 s.f.)
=
=
=
(ii) P(X > 1)
9 10
1 P( 0) P( 1)
1 (0.66) 10(0.34)(0.66)
0.904 (3 s.f.)
X X = = =
=
=
(iii) P(4 s X < 7)
10 4 6 10 5 5 10 6 4
4 5 6
4 6 5 5
6 4
P( 4) P( 5) P( 6)
C (0.34) (0.66) C (0.34) (0.66) C (0.34) (0.66)
10 9 8 7 10 9 8 7 6
(0.34) (0.66) (0.34) (0.66)
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5
10 9 8 7
(0.34) (0.66)
1 2 3 4
0.437 (3 s.f.)
X X X = = + = + =
= + +
= +
+
=
(iv) E(X) 10 0.34 3.4 np = = =
3. Let X be the number of successful shots.
X ~ B(n, 0.28)
Statistics 1
MEI, 29/05/07 4/6
P( 1) 0.99
1 P( 0) 0.99
P( 0) 0.01
(0.72) 0.01
n
X
X
X
> >
= >
= <
<
14 15
0.72 0.0101 and 0.72 0.00724 = =
So the least number of shots is 15.
4. Let X be the number of boys
X ~ B(6, 0.52)
There are more girls than boys if X = 0, 1 or 2.
Probability
6 5 2 4
P( 0) P( 1) P( 2)
6 5
(0.48) 6(0.52)(0.48) (0.52) (0.48)
1 2
0.307 (3 s.f.)
X X X = = + = + =
= + +
=
5. X B(n, 0.4)
( 1) 0.8704
1 P( 0) 0.8704
P( 0) 0.1296
0.6 0.1296
4
n
P X
X
X
n
> =
= =
= =
=
=
6. X ~ B(100, 0.05)
(i) E(X) 100 0.05 5 np = = =
(ii) P(X 3) 1 P( 2)
1 P( 0) P( 1) P( 2)
X
X X X
= s
= = = =
99 98 100 2
100 99
1 (0.95) 100 0.05(0.95) (0.05) (0.95)
1 2
0.882 (3 s.f.)
=
(iii) Let Y be the number of defective articles in a sample of 10
Y ~ B(10, 0.05)
P(Y = 0)
10
0.95 =
P(Y = 1)
9
10 0.05 0.95 =
P(Y = 2)
2 8 2 8
10 9
0.05 0.95 45 0.05 0.95
1 2
= =
Trial and improvement
used, but logs could
be used instead
Trial and improvement
used, but logs could
be used instead
Statistics 1
MEI, 29/05/07 5/6
P(fewer than 2 defective articles)
9 10
0.95 10 0.05 0.95
0.91386
= +
=
P(2 defective articles in 1st sample; no defective articles in second sample)
( )
2 8 10
45 0.05 0.95 0.95
0.04469
=
=
P(rejecting batch) 1 0.91386 0.04469
0.0415 (3 s.f.)
=
=
7. Let X be the number of questions John gets correct.
X ~ B(18, 0.25)
(i) P(X = 0)
18
0.75 0.00564 = =
(ii) P(X = 3)
18 3 15
3
3 15
(0.25) (0.75)
18 17 16
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3
0.170 (3 s.f.)
C =
=
=
(iii) Number of ways of choosing three questions from 18
18
3
18 17 16
C 816
1 2 3
= = =
Probability that those chosen are first three
1
0.00123
816
= = (3 s.f.)
(iv) E(X) 18 0.25 4.5 = =
P(X = 4)
4 14
18 17 16 15
(0.25) (0.75) 0.213
1 2 3 4
= =
P(X = 5)
5 13
18 17 16 15 14
(0.25) (0.75) 0.199
1 2 3 4 5
= =
The most likely outcome is that he will get 4 questions right.
(v) P(passing) = P(X > 9)
P(X = 10)
10 8
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
=
P(X = 11)
11 7
18 17 16 15 14 13 12
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
=
P(X = 12)
12 6
18 17 16 15 14 13
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3 4 5 6
=
P(X = 13)
13 5
18 17 16 15 14
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3 4 5
=
P(X = 14)
14 4
18 17 16 15
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3 4
=
Statistics 1
MEI, 29/05/07 6/6
P(X = 15)
15 3
18 17 16
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2 3
=
P(X = 16)
16 2
18 17
(0.25) (0.75)
1 2
P(X = 17)
17 1
18(0.25) (0.75) =
P(X = 18)
18
(0.25) =
P(passing)= 0.00542 (3 s.f.)
(vi) For the other 14 questions, let Y be the number of right answers.
Y ~ B(14,
1
3
)
To pass, at least 6 of these 14 questions must be correct.
P(Y = 0)
14
2
3
| |
=
|
\ .
P(Y = 1)
13
1 2
14
3 3
| || |
=
| |
\ .\ .
P(Y = 2)
2 12
14 13 1 2
1 2 3 3
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
P(Y = 3)
3 11
14 13 12 1 2
1 2 3 3 3
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
P(Y = 4)
4 10
14 13 12 11 1 2
1 2 3 4 3 3
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
P(Y = 5)
5 9
14 13 12 11 10 1 2
1 2 3 4 5 3 3
| | | |
=
| |
\ . \ .
P(passing) = 1 0.690 = 0.310 (3 s.f.)
0.310
57.2
0.00542
=
so chances of passing have been increased by a factor of more than 50.
Using tables is
much quicker, if
this has been
covered
Again, quicker to
use tables