TABLE OF SPECIFICATION Project research #2

A.) Meaning of table of specification (T.O.S.)

Table of specification is a plan prepared by a classroom teacher as a basis for test construction especially a periodic test. It is important that this be carefully prepared because it contributes to the development of the quality teat which per see is a good instrument for diagnostic and remedial teaching. Table of specification is to ensure the valid measure of the most rational objective and course contents. We use representative samples of pupils performance in each of the area to be measured the instrument that that is widely used for this purpose. Is a devise for describing test items in terms of the content and the process dimensions that is, what a student is expected to know and what he or she i s expected to do with the knowledge. It is described by c o m b i n a t i o n o f content and process in the table of specification A Table of Specifications is a two-way chart which describes the topics to be covered by a test and the number of items or points which will be associated with each topic. Sometimes the types of items are described, as well. The content of a course or curriculum may be broadly defined both subject matter content and instructional objectives. The former is concerned with the topics to be learned and the latter with the types of performance pupils are expected to demonstrate. Both these aspects are of concern in determining content validity. Table of specification is a chart that aids in obtaining a sample of test tasks that represent both dimensions. A table of specification would have every learning objective listed for every lesson for the whole year The table of specification basically is like a table chart that goes over topic that will be on a test. This table chart is split into two charts and each sub topic is numbered under the main topics that are being covered for the test. This type of table is mainly used by teachers to help break down their outline on a specific subject. Some teachers use this particular table as their teaching guideline by breaking the table into subjects, the teachers main points, how much time spent on the point, and what assignment/ project can be done to help the student learn the subject.

B.) Importance / relevance of Table of specification (T.O.S) in test construction Constructing fair tests that give teachers accurate information about students learning is an important skill for teachers. The table of specification is often useful to organize the planning process of designing a test allows the teacher to predetermine the content of the test. Using a table of specification to organize a teacher made test helps alleviate content validity problems because it helps the teacher create good balance in several areas. A Table of Specifications allows us to ensure that our test focuses on the most important areas and weights different areas based on their importance / time spent teaching. A Table of Specifications also gives us the proof we need to make sure our test has content validity.

To identify the achievement domains being measured. To ensure that a fair and representative sample of questions appear on the test. To allow the teacher to construct a test which focuses on t h e k e y a r e a s a n d weights those different areas based on their importance. To provides the teacher with evidence that a test has c o n t e n t v a l i d i t y , t h a t i t covers what should be covered.

C.) Samples each of One way classification and two way classification of Table of specification (T.O.S.) 1. Samples each of one way classification of Table of specification (T.O.S.) TABLE 1 Sample of One Way TOS in Community Health Nursing Topics Covered 1. Family Health Nursing a. Bag Technique b. Home Visit 2. Primary Health Care Community Organizing 3. Community Diagnosis 4. Health Statistics 5. Public Health Programs 6. Communicable Diseases 7. Integrated Management Childhood Illnesses TOTAL Number of Class Sessions 2 and 2 2 2 3 4 of 5 20 Number of Items 4 4 4 4 6 8 10 40 Test Item Distribution 1-4 5-8 9-12 13-16 17-22 23-30 31-40 40

Number of Items = Number of class sessions x desired total number of items Total number of class sessions Example: Number of items for the topic Family Health Nursing Number of class sessions = 2 Desired number of items = 40 Total number of class sessions = 20 = = Number of Items = Number of class sessions x desired total number of items Total Number of Class 2 x 40 20 4

Number of Items

TABLE 2 One way table of specification in Elementary Mathematics II, indicating areas of instructions and number of class sessions CHAPTER 3 SUBSTRUCTION OF WHOLE NUMBER CONTENT 1.Subtraction concepts 2. Subtraction as the inverse of addition 3. Subtraction without regrouping 4. Subtraction with regrouping 5. Subtraction involving zeros 6. mental computation through estimation 7. problem solving 8. total NUMBER OF CLASS SESSION 4 4 8 5 4 4 7 40 NUMBER OF ITEMS 5 5 6 6 5 5 9 50 TEST PLACEMENT 15 6 - 10 11 - 20 21 - 26 27 - 36 37 - 41 42 50 1 50

2. Samples of two way classification of Table of specification (T.O.S.) TABLE 1 Two way table of specification in high school Physics, indicating content, number of class sessions and objectives to be tested. Content 1. conversio n of units 2. speed and Velocity 3.Acceler ation 4.free falling bodies 5.projectil e motion 6.force 7.vector 8.work, energy and power 9.conserv ation of energy 10.conser vation of momentu m TOTAL Class Session s 3 3 2 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 Instructional Objectives Knowle Compre Applicati Analysi dge hension on s 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 Synthesi s 1 1 1 Evalu ation 1 1 1 Total no. Of items 6 6 4 2 2 2 4 6

2 2 1

1 2

1 1

4 4

20

40

TABLE 2 Sample of Two Way Table of Specification for Community Health Nursing Clas s Hour s 2 2 2 2 3 4 5 20 Kno wledg e 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 Compr eAppli- Analys Synthes hensio cation is is n 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 9 Evaluat ion 1 1 1 1 2 2 8

Topics Covered 1. Family Health Nursing a. Bag Techniques b. Home Visits 2. Primary Health Care and Community Organizing 3. Community Diagnosis 4. Health Statistics 5. Public Health Programs 6. Communicable Diseases 7. Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses TOTAL

Total

4 6 4 6 8 12 40

1 2 3 8

1 1 1 3

TABLE 2 Table of Specifications for a Chemistry Unit Test on Oxygen Content (%) Physical Properties Chemical Properties Preparation Uses Total Knowledge 8 12 4 16 40 Comprehension Application 6 9 3 12 30 6 9 3 12 30 Total (%) 20 30 10 40 100

Reference: http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_table_of_specifications#ixzz1Rc779vH4 http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/specconn/main.php? cat=assessment&section=main&subsection=qualitytest/table http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Definition_of_table_of_specification#ixzz1Rc5AoTK7 http://www.azlifa.com/table-of-specifications/ http://www.scribd.com/doc/57006458/Table-of-Specifications-Sir-Cudal http://books.google.com.ph/books? id=uizXxsteQ80C&pg=PA124&lpg=PA124&dq=Importance+/ +relevance+of+Table+of+specification+%28T.O.S %29+in+test+construction&source=bl&ots=oj2o4qPiCW&sig=cHTWOqry6pxuRQjHVUj8 Nq9fdgc&hl=tl&ei=GF0ZTr2LMOuHmQWioJgo&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnu m=10&ved=0CGsQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false