Divya Bhaskar

A Project Report On SUMMER TRAINING At DIVYA BHASKAR

Mentor: Members:

Radha Vyas Gaurav Gupta Darshan Doriwala Milind Ghevande Rahul Bhoj 51 37 46 25

Company Trainer: Executive) Submitted to:

Sanghamitra Siddhanta (HR NIM, BBA College Bharthana, Surat

Academic Year:

2010-11

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Divya Bhaskar History of Print Media

History of print media and written communication follows the progress of civilization which, in turn, moves in response to changing cultural technologies. The transfer of complex information, ideas and concepts from one individual to another, or to a group, underwent extreme evolution since prehistoric times. It has been 30,000 years later since the first recorded evidence of written communication and it is still dramatically changing.

The advent of a writing system coincided with the transition from huntergatherer societies to more permanent agrarian encampments when it became necessary to count ones property. One of the earliest examples of pictorial writing was found in the excavation of Uruk in Mesopotamia, dating from 3500 B.C. The Sumerians developed cuneiform (pictographs) writing on wet clay tablets. Later (2900 B.C.), the Egyptians developed hieroglyphic writing. Special scribes were employed to keep records for the priest class who exacted taxation from the population. Their records on papyrus and pigment were less permanent than the frieze carvings in tamples, which were meant to last for eternity.

At first we used stone and clay tablets to express our thoughts. With passage of time we developed other means of writing surfaces. The first portable and light writing surface was of papyrus rolls and early parchments papers made of dried reeds in China (500-170 B.C.). Later, in 105 B.C., Tsai Lun of China invented paper as we know it today. Invention of paper revolutionized the face of print. Written word became more accessible. In 11th century A.D. Pi Sheng of China starts to print with movable clay type and in 6th century Chinese engravers mastered art of wood-block printing. In 100 A.D. we saw the first bound book on the market. The first paper mill was started in Europe in 1120. Before Johann Gutenbergs invention of printing press, books were produced by scribes based usually monasteries. The process of writing was very laborites. This remained true until the invention of movable type, which is attributed to Johann Gutenberg of Mainz, Germany, (although the Chinese had a crude version of printing press). Gutenberg was a man of vision and developed movable printing press, which made the process much quicker and cheaper than wood-block printing. However, his investors (Fust and Schoeffer) repossessed his business before the first mass produced book was successfully printed.

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Gutenbergs brilliant idea aided the creation of the first newspaper printed in Germany in 1609. Less than 92 years later, in 1702, England had the first newspaper published daily; it was called the Daily Courant. The year 1714 brought another important discovery. Englishman Henry Mill received the first patent for a typewriter. Few years later (1737) Pierre Simon Fournier invented point system in type, which was eventually modified and standardized by Ambroise Didot. In the earlier days of printing, different sizes of type had been called by different names. The system was different in each country and created lots of unnecessary confusion. Fournier and Didot worked out the system where approximately 72 points created one inch. This innovation is still in use in modern day computers. In 1839 woodcuts and lithograph from daguerreotypes decorated pages of magazines. Few decades later, in 1881, development of halftone press made possible to reproduce photographs in books and newspapers.

In early 19th century the industrial revolution brought major innovations in printing technology. In 1810, Friedrich Koenig applied steam power to printing press. Rotary steam presses replaced hand operated machines, doing the same job in a small fraction of the time. Typesetting was transformed by the introduction of line-casting machines; first Ottmar Mergenthalers Linotype (1889), and then the Monotype machine. Line casting allowed type be chosen, used, and then recirculated back into the machine automatically.

The age of industrial revolution made transfer and interchange of written information between cities as well as continents readily available. In 1831 Joseph Henry invented the first electric telegraph, four years later in 1835 Samuel Morse formulated Morse code, and then in 1843 he also produced the first long distance electric telegraph line. At the same time, Alexander Bain patented the first fax machine. In 1867 Thomas Edison patented his mimeograph, which was the first office-copying machine, which might inspire Chester Carlson, almost a century later, to invent the photocopier machine.

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Divya Bhaskar History of Print Media in India

Do you know the old name of Kolkata City? It is Calcutta. Did you know? that? Calcutta was once the capital city of India? From 1774 to 1922 Calcutta was the Capital of India. Calcutta has also many other firsts in the history of India. The first Railway Company was started here. The first Metro Rail was also in this City. The first Post and Telegraph office and the first western style bank were also opened in Calcutta. Our Supreme Court also began functioning from that city. Calcutta has one more first . It was from Calcutta that the first newspaper was published from India. It was a Britisher who started the first newspaper in our country. On January 29, 1780 James Augustus Hickey launched the Bengal Gazette. It has another title Calcutta Advertiser. It was popularly known as Hickeys Gazette. The first issue of the paper had two pages and later it was increased to four pages. Its size was 35 cms x 24 cms. The British East India Company did not consider freedom of the press as good for society. They tried to suppress publication of newspapers. Hickey was a very bold editor. He continued his criticism of British authorities .He published reports attacking the East India Company officials. The British authorities arrested Hickey many times. Finally, they confiscated his paper and press in 1782 and stopped its publication. Hickey was asked to leave the country. He was sent back to England. Copies of the Bengal Gazette are still kept in the National Library in Kolkata and the British Museum in London. Following in Hickeys footsteps in 1780, the second newspaper was launched from Calcutta The Indian Gazette. The Calcutta Gazette which started publication in 1784 and the Bengal Journal which was launched in 1785 were the third and fourth newspapers to come out from Calcutta. All these four earlier papers were published in the English language. Slowly newspapers started coming out from other parts of the country also. The Madras Courier (1785) and Madras Gazette (1795) were started from Madras. From Mumbai, the Mumbai Herald was launched in 1789. The press regulations and censorship imposed by the British stood in the way of starting more newspapers in India. In 1818, Lord Hastings removed the strict censorship measures for a milder set of policies. This led to the emergence of many new newspapers, including many in Indian languages. Raja Ram Mohan Roy who is known to have fought for the freedom of the press edited a Persian weekly called Mirat-ul-Akhbar. The first language newspaper in India was started in Kannada language, the Kannada Samachar. But the publishers of this paper were not Indians, but foreign missionaries. The first Indian language newspaper published by an Indian was also launched from Calcutta , The Bengali Gazette by Gangadhar Bhattacharjee in 1816. The Gujarati daily Mumbai Samachar published from Mumbai is the oldest existing newspaper not only in India but also in Asia. It was established in 1822.

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Some of the leading English newspapers were also launched during this time. The Times of India (1861) was started as a paper supporting the British. Many of you might have heard about The Jungle Book. The author of The Jungle Book , Rudyard Kipling, started The Pioneer in 1866 from Allahabad. The Amrita Bazar Patrika(1868), The Statesman (1875), The Hindu (1887) and The Tribune( 1880) were also started during this period. The Hindustan Times was started later, in 1923. In the regional languages, some papers that were launched during that period continue even now as leading papers like Malayala Manorama (1888). When Mahatma Gandhi returned to India, he gave a great impetus to the freedom movement. He was also a great editor. He took over Young India, the weekly started by the Home Rule Party in 1918. Gandhiji also launched another weekly, called the Navjeevan, in Gujarati. Later, Gandhiji started the Harijan under the editorship of Mahadev Desai. Gandhiji insisted that his papers will not carry any advertisements. But all his publications had wide circulation among readers. India have crossed 100 years of publication and are still in circulation? There are 41 such newspapers in the country and are called centenarian newspapers. Among English dailies, four have crossed this mark: The Times of India, The Hindu, The Tribune and The Statesman. Among language newspapers, Mumbai Samachar, Amrita Bazar Patrika, Malayala Manorama and Deepika are among the centenarians. India has a live and active print media. India is known for its vastness of area diversity of culture and multiplicity of languages which are spoken and written. India has 28 states and seven union territories .Most of them have their own language. When India became Independent in 1947, there were only 3533 newspapers and periodicals. Among them 330 were newspapers and 3203 were other publications. After 50 years in 1997, their number has increased 12 times. Every year new publications are coming up in almost all languages in India. This has resulted in a manifold increase of newspapers, magazines and weeklies across all languages in the country. As of March 31, 2006, India has 62550 publications. Among this 2130 are newspapers, 3428 are weeklies and 1471 monthlies and the rest are other publications.

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Divya Bhaskar Marketing

Q-1. What is Marketing? A-1. It is a process by which

 one identifies the needs and wants of the people.  one determines and creates a product/service to meet the needs and wants. [PRODUCT]  one determines a way of taking the product/service to the market place. [PLACE]  one determines the way of communicating the product to the market place.[PROMOTIONS]  one determines the value for the product.[PRICE].  one determines the people, who have needs/ wants. [PEOPLE] and then creating a transaction for exchanging the product for a value. and thus creating a satisfaction to the buyer's needs/wants.

TERMS TO UNDERSTAND

 Product/Service means a product or service or idea to satisfy the people's needs / wants.  Needs mean when a person feels deprived of something.  Wants mean when a person's need is formed / shaped by personality, culture, and knowledge.  Value means the benefits that the customer gains from owning and using the product and the cost of the product.  Satisfaction means the extent to which a product's perceived performance matches a buyer's expectation.  Exchange means the act of obtaining a needed/ wanted object by offering something in return.  Transactions mean a tradeoff between a buyer / a seller that involves an exchange at agreed conditions.
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Marketing is the sum of all activities that take you to a sales outlet. After that sales take over. Marketing tries to make the company produce what the customer wants. Marketing is all about managing the four Ps  Product: Customer Solution.  Price: Customer Cost.  Place: Convenience.  Promotion: Communication.

Scope: What do we Market?  Goods  Services  Events  Experiences  Personalities

 Place  Organizations  Properties  Information  Ideas and concepts

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Core Concepts of Marketing

Needs, wants demands

Products

Utility, Value & Satisfaction

Markets

Marketing & Marketers

Exchange, Transaction Relationships

MARKETING
         M-anfacturing A-dvertisement R-ight Price K-ingdom Of Customer E-ducating The Customer T-echnology I-nnovation N-egotiation G-oal Of Organization

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SALES
Q-2.What is Sales? A-2. It is a process by which
 The act of selling; the transfer of property, or a contract to transfer the ownership of property, from one person to another for a valuable consideration, or for a price in money.  Opportunity of selling; demand; market.  Public disposal to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market; auction.  A particular instance of selling; "he has just made his first sale"; "they had to complete the sale before the banks closed"  The general activity of selling; "they tried to boost sales"; "laws limit the sale of handguns"  An occasion (usually brief) for buying at specially reduced prices; "they held a sale to reduce their inventory"; "I got some great bargains at their annual sale"  An agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer); "the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office"  The state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling; "youll find vitamin C for sale at most pharmacies"; "the new line of cars will soon be on sale"  A sale is the act of meeting prospective buyers and providing them with a product or service in turn of money or other required compensation.  A sale is an act of completion of a commercial activity. The "deal is closed", means the customer has consented to the proposed product or service by making full or partial payment (as in case of installments) to the seller.

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MARKETING & SALES

Sales and marketing are closely interlinked and are aimed at increasing revenue. As sales and marketing are closely intertwined, it becomes hard to realize the difference between the two. In small firms, one cannot come across much difference between sales and marketing. But bigger firms have made clear distinction between marketing and sales and they have specialized people handling them independently.

Well, how is that sales and marketing are different? In very simple words, sales can be termed as a process which focuses or targets on individuals or small groups. Marketing on the other hand targets a larger group or the general public.

Marketing includes research (identifying needs of the customer), development of products (producing innovative products) and promoting the product (through advertisements) and create awareness about the product among the consumers. As such marketing means generating leads or prospects. Once the product is out in the market, it is the task of the sales person to persuade the customer to buy the product. Well, sales means converting the leads or prospects into purchases and orders.

While marketing is aimed at longer terms, sales pertain to shorter goals. Marketing involves a longer process of building a name for a brand and pursuing the customer to buy it even if they do not need it. Whereas sales only involve a short term process of finding the target consumer.

In concept also, sales and marketing have much difference. Sales only focuses on converting consumer demand match the products. But marketing targets on meeting the consumer demands.

Marketing can be called as a footboard for sales. It prepares the ground for a sales person to approach a consumer. Marketing as such is not direct and it uses various methods like advertising, brand marketing, public relations, direct mails and viral marketing for creating an awareness of the product. Sales are really interpersonal interactions. Sales involve one-on-one meetings, networking and calls.
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Another difference that is seen between marketing and sales is that the former involves both micro and macro analysis focusing on strategic intentions. On the other hand, sales pertain to the challenges and relations with the customer.

Summary:

 Sales target on individuals or small groups. Marketing on the other hand targets a larger group o the general public.  Marketing means generating leads or prospects. sales means converting the leads or prospects into purchases and orders.

 Marketing involves a longer process of building a name for a brand and pursuing the customer to buy it even if they do not need it. Whereas sales only involve a short term of finding the target consumer.

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Structure of Marketing Department

Kalpesh Barot (Unit Head)

Vijay Sharma (Senior/Sales Head)

Arpan Naik

Abhijeet Dasgupta

Hetal Desai

Rakesh Sharma

Senior Sales Executive

Senior Sales Executive

Senior Sales Executive

Senior Sales Executive

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Target Customer

Target marketing centers around the recognition that a mass market comprises separate groups with different demographic and psychographic profiles. A program to market to those segments should understand and capitalize on the group's differences and use them strategically in marketing.

The country's consumers can be divided into so many different consumer groups. Based on which consumer groups they lie in, the consumers will have different needs. Also they will find different things that appeal to them. So before you launch a marketing campaign, you need to identify which set of people does your business cater to?

What we mean by this is, that you need to know who are your customers? What kind of life do they live? Who influences their buying decision? What kinds of media are they exposed to? How much purchasing power do they have? etc. Knowing this information, you can target your marketing campaign to appeal especially to this group of customers you have chosen. Many a times, you may find that the product or service you are offering is consumed by not only one group of people. You may find that your product has many varied uses and hence has many varied possible consumers. Because of this you may want to choose more than one group of people as your target market. DO NOT DO THIS! because your marketing strategy will fail if you try to be everything to everybody. When you make a marketing strategy you have to choose only one group of people and design your marketing strategy so that it appeals to the group you have selected.

If you have many groups of people to choose from, choose only the group of people that you can best cater too and will offer you the best opportunities to grow. For example, if you are a small firm that makes womens perfumes, your target market could be teenage girls, house wives, rich women who can afford to spend highly on perfumes and other such accessories etc. You could choose any one of these customer groups as your target market. Suppose you choose the rich women group then your marketing plan will be designed to appeal to rich women. The price of your perfume will be high. Your ads will be designed to appeal to rich women etc. These ads cannot simultaneously appeal to younger middle class women also.

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Divya Bhaskar Demographic Market Analysis

A market segment is a sub-set of a market made up of people or organizations with one or more characteristics that cause them to demand similar product and/or services based on qualities of those products such as price or function. A true market segment meets all of the following criteria: it is distinct from other segments (different segments have different needs), it is homogeneous within the segment (exhibits common needs); it responds similarly to a market stimulus, and it can be reached by a market intervention. The term is also used when consumers with identical product and/or service needs are divided up into groups so they can be charged different amounts.The people in a given segment are supposed to be similar in terms of criteria by which they are segmented and different from other segments in terms of these criteria. These can broadly be viewed as 'positive' and 'negative' applications of the same idea, splitting up the market into smaller groups. Examples: Gender, Price, interests, etc.

Gender, age, ethnicity, geography and income are all market-segmenting criteria based on demographics. The first resource to consult when doing an analysis on a target group is the U.S. Census. The government does a thorough of detailing information about all the groups that make up the U.S. population. The government collects this information every 10 years, then slices and dices the basic data to generate all sorts of reports related to nearly every aspect of consumer life from births and deaths to geography to the size and projected growth of groups, such as African-Americans, Latinos and Asians.

Depending on the nature of the specific business and the goals of the business for growth, defining one or more target consumer segments is an effective and efficient means of marketing. An analysis of demographic and psychographic characteristics can help guide decisions in marketing, but will not replace a marketer's skills and experience in determining how best to reach and capitalize on the data the target market analysis provides.

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Target Market of Print Media

Printed media, a term defined as: Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of literature or information the activity of making information available for public view. In some cases authors may be their own publishers, meaning: originators and developers of content also provide media to deliver and display the content. Traditionally, the term refers to the distribution of printed works such as books and newspapers.

Target market of Print Media Industry is the general people, businessmen, traders, stock brokers, government, etc. Daily newspapers want to help their readers every day. Magazines are typically feature-oriented and will research and write more in-depth stories over a longer period of time than daily newspapers. Television is a visual medium with stories lasting less than one minute. Internet outlets have an urgent need for immediate information. Print media is the cheapest medium of information, so it is a mass read device.

Print Media Advertising on Consumerism and Cultural Values. Advertising is important to our society for the success it plays in our culture. Manufacturers produce a product such as the iPad and then pay for advertisements on their product to be successful. One important way advertisements get into the hands of our society is through print media advertising. Print media is a form of communication used on paper ads or on billboards. Print media is used consistently by advertising companies in the forms of flyers, pamphlets, billboards, magazines, newspapers and even can be found on mobile billboards to make sure that the product is introduced as a need and not a want. Companies make products and use advertising companies help find a way that will show consumers how it will help them in their everyday lives. Print media uses many forms to get the information out in our culture and continues to evolve with our changing technology. This paper will evaluate the impact that print media has played on advertising and consumerism as well as cultural values.

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It will also describe the roles that print media has played in the development of American popular culture and identify three trends that print media has influenced, which are consumerism, work, and happiness. Print media has changed the advertising industry. It has made advertising easier for companies and more affordable than a very expensive commercial to get product knowledge out to consumers. Advertisements help get consumers excited about the product and by using print media keeps product knowledge high with the use of newspapers and magazines especially. The iPad is a hot product right now in our society everyone wants one because it is an apple product, and it is small enough to carry around but easy enough to use wherever it is needed instead of carry around a big heavy laptop. This is a trend in our culture because people know what it is and know why it can help improve their business or life.

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Divya Bhaskar Macro Environment

Macro environment provides with Opportunities as well as Threats to the business. Macro environment consists of factors like Political, legal, social, cultural, national, economical, etc. Macroenvironment - the far environment (outside an organizations industry and markets)

Internal

Industry Macro Environment

Characteristics of the Macro Environment are:  Influences the microenvironment (industry and market)  Will impact all organizations in an industry, a market, or even all organizations in an economy  Source of competitive advantage being able to predict changes in the macro environment and take action

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1. SOCIAL FACTORS :
Influences originating from changes in society. How consumers, households and communities behave and their beliefs. For instance, changes in attitude towards health, or a greater number of pensioners in a population. Main influences are  social culture (values, attitudes and beliefs)  demography  social structure Social change is when the people in the community adjust their attitudes to way they live. Businesses will need to adjust their products to meet these changes, e.g. taking sugar out of childrens drinks, because parents feel their children are having too much sugar in their diets. The business also needs to be aware of their social responsibilities. These are the way they act towards the different parts of society that they come into contact with. For print media, societys likes and dislikes is to be considered. What people want to read in the newspaper, magazine, articles, pamphlets? Obscene news, regional preference, community-based news will have a bad impact on their market grip.

2. Political Influences:
It includes political, governmental, legal and regulatory influences. Influences at 3 levels:  National level for example, laws and regulations passed by the Chinese government  Sub national level for example, laws and regulations passed by the Beijing Municipal government  Supranational level for example, agreements made within the WTO, of which China is a member

For print media the political party does influence because they take a stand for a particular political front/Alliance.
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3. Economic Influences: Macroeconomic changes and influences on the macro economy by governments  Fiscal policy government regulation related to taxing and spending  Monetary policy government regulation of the money supply The availability of cash credit/ trade credit for purchasing Thermal plates, Paper roll, Ink, bolts for machine, chemical, etc. Recessionary or Inflationary trend in the economy.

4. Natural environment influences:  It includes influences such as natural catastrophes, weather, environmental degradation, Global warming, Green House Effect, Eutrofication, all forms of pollution.  Characteristics of Natural environment influences: (a) Difficult to predict and avoid (b) Risk varies by location Availability of paper rolls for printing newspaper from the suppliers is to be considered. Paper is produces from trees as well as sugar cane pulp. It is produced by pressing together moist fibers, typically cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.

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5. Technological Influences:  Focuses on how changes in technology affect an industry, organizations in the industry, and activities of the organizations  Includes areas such as: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Goods and services Production processes Information and communications Transport and distribution Society, politics and economics

Increasing change in media due to radio, television, e-paper, etc. Constant change in paper quality, increased use of e-paper, etc.

6. Competitors: The business undertaking same business pr product line as the firm  Local competition: Gujarat Mitra, Prabhat, Dhabkar, etc  National competition: Times of India, Indian Express, Gujarat Samachar,etc

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Application of Macro Environment Analysis: (1) Socio-demographic factors  Migration of population from countryside to cities  Growing middle-class

(2)

Political factors  Government approach to property rights Economic factors  Government policy on the RMB Technological factors

(3)

(4)

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Divya Bhaskar Marketing Mix: 4 Ps

 PRODUCT: A substance produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process Day

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Type of Supplement
Sunday Bhaskar + City Bhaskar Dharma Darshan Women Bhaskar Kalaash City Bhaskar Navrang + City Bhaskar Baal Bhaskar + WOW

 PRICE:
According to DIVYA BHASKAR, 55% readers said the price of the newspaper should be Rs.2, 40% readers said it should be Rs.1.5 and 5% readers said it should be Rs.2.5

Day
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

Type of Supplement
Sunday Bhaskar + City Bhaskar Dharma Darshan Women Bhaskar Kalaash City Bhaskar Navrang + City Bhaskar Baal Bhaskar + WOW

Rupees
3 2 2 3 2 3 2

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Divya Bhaskar  PLACE:

D B Corp Ltd., informally known as the Bhaskar Group, is a Rs. 1700 crore business conglomerate of India with presence in newspapers, television, entertainment, printing, textiles, fast moving consumer goods, oils, solvents and internet services. Bhaskar group runs 7 newspaper titles across 11 states of India with their 48 editions - reaching out to 15.5 million readers every day:  Dainik Bhaskar is the Hindi newspaper covering the states of Madhya Pradesh & Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Chandigarh, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, New Delhi.  Divya Bhaskar is the Gujarati newspaper started by the group in 2003 from Ahmedabad, where it became No 1 from day 1 of its launch. As of 2009, Divya Bhaskar is the largest circulated Gujarati daily of India, and has the maximum editions by any newspaper in the state of Gujarat and West Madhya Pradesh.  DNA, the English-language newspaper of the group was launched in Mumbai in 2004, in partnership with the Zee Group.  Business Bhaskar is a business-to-consumer newspaper in Hindi launched by the group in 2008. It currently has seven editions across five states. This was first launched in Bhopal, and then followed by launch in Indore, Pune and Chandigarh and then Haryana.  Offices: (i) I MEDIA Corp ltd. 6, Dwarka Sadan, Press Complex, M.P. Nagar, Bhopal - 462 011 Phone: 0755- 3988884 Fax: 270466 (ii) Divya Bhaskar House 280 Makarba, S.G.Highway, Nr. Y.M.C.L Club, Ahmedabad 380015

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(iii)Divya Bhaskar USA Edition: Cine Maya Media, Inc 40 West, 39 Street, 5th Floor New York, NY 10018  Bhaskar group also owns DB Star, Saurashtra Samachar, DB Gold.  Its magazine division publishes two magazines, namely Aha! Zindagi and Bhaskar Lakshya from Jaipur branch of D B Corp Ltd. Aha! Zindagi is being published in Hindi as well as Gujrati languages.  The group has a strong presence in the Radio segment, with 17 stations across 7 states of India under the Brand Name - MYFM. Ahmedabad, Surat, Kanpur, Jodhpur, Kota, Udaipur, Jaipur, Ajmer, Nagpur, Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Nagpur, Chandigarh, Amritsar, Bhopal, Indore, Gwalior, etc.

 IMCL a group company- controls all the portalsDainikbhaskar.com, divyabhaskar.co.in and Indiainfo.com. It also has a short code 54567 available for SMS based information sharing, subscription services on Mobile platform.

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Divya Bhaskar Newspaper consists of 16 to 18 pages.

Page
1 2 3 4

Color
Color page Color page Color page Black &white page

Content
National News Surat City News Surat City News Press notes, Classifieds, Panchaang, Raashifal. Surat City Detail Surat City Detail Gujarat & Saurashtra News Business Abhivyakti Business Gujarat & Saurashtra News Business Desh Videsh Desh Videsh Ramat Jagat Surat City Detail Surat City Detail

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Color page Black &white page Black &white page Black &white page Black &white page Black &white page Black &white page Color page Black &white page Color page Color page Black &white page

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 PROMOTION:
Promotion is communicating with the public in an attempt to influence them toward buying your products and/or services. Promotion is the broader, all inclusive term. Advertising is just one specific action you could take to promote your product or service. Promotion, as a general term, includes all the ways available to make a product and/or service known to and purchased by customers and clients. (i) Types of advertisement:         Local advertisement Corporate advertisement Local Corporate advertisement Central government advertisement State government advertisement Government Corporate advertisement Satellite advertisement Tropical advertisement

(ii) Classification of advertisement:            Display advertisement Pointers Greeting Public Tender Entertainment Court Notice Obituary and Death notes Display Classifieds Classifieds In house advertisement Appointment advertisement

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(iii)Packaging and labeling:  Packaging is the science, art and technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution, storage, sale, and use. Packaging also refers to the process of design, evaluation, and production of packages.  A label is a piece of paper, polymer, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or article, on which is printed a legend, information concerning the product, addresses, etc. A label may also be printed directly on the container or article. Package labeling or labeling is any written, electronic, or graphic communications on the packaging or on a separate but associated.  The purposes of packaging and package labels: 1) Physical Protection 2) Containment or Agglomeration 3) Information transmission 4) Barrier Protection 5) Marketing 6) Security 7) Portion Control 8) Convenience 9) Self-Service 10) Consumer Affluence 11) Innovative Opportunity 12) Company and Brand image  For print media industry packaging used is Boxes, Cartons, Pallets, Bales, etc.

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(iv) Channels of Distribution: The network of organizations, including manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers, that distributes goods or services to consumers. For newspaper it is Hawkers, Agency, etc. There are 2 channels of distribution:  Level 1:

Manufacturer

Hawker

Customer

 Level 2:

Manufacturer

Hawker

Agency

Customer

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(iv) Promotional Activities: 1) Advertising 2) Circulation 3) Increment 4) Public Relations 5) Personal Selling 6) Hoardings 7) Surveys 8) Free gifts 9) Special day wishes 10) Media partner in events (v) Other activities and arrangements 1) Sports events 2) Music & Stage performances 3) Dance Competition 4) Trade Shows 5) Expos 6) Exhibitions 7) Fairs & Festivals 8) Free Aids & TB checkup 9) Social Welfare 10) Blood Camps 11) Other events

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Consumer Buying Behaviour

It is understanding the major factors influencing consumer behavior. Know and recognize the types of buying decision behavior. Understand the stages in the buying decision process. For understanding consumer buying behavior, one needs to understand first the consumer market. Consumer Market: Consists of all the individuals and households who buy or acquire goods and services for personal consumption. Factors affecting Consumer Buying Behavior: (i) Personal:  Age  Lifecycle stage: Single, Newly Married Couple, Full Nest, Solitary Survivor, Solitary Survivor & Retired, etc.  Occupation  Economic Circumstances  Life Style (ii) Psychological: It is based on want or desire to have something.      Motivation Perception Learning Beliefs Attitudes

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(iii)Social: Relatively homogenous, enduring divisions in a society, hierarchically ordered with members sharing similar values, interests, and behaviors.

(iv)Cultural:  Cultures: The accumulation of values, knowledge, beliefs, customs, objects, and concepts that a society uses to cope with its environment  Subcultures: Groups of individuals who have similar value and behavior patterns within the group but differ from those in other groups.

Consumer Buying Behavior Process:

Problem Recognition

Information Search

Evaluation of Alternatives

Purchase Decision

PostPurchase Evaluation

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