Asma U Waswifath

Xulo-Zp AkvamC h kzn^mv
ssiJv aplZp_v\p kzmenlp_v\p DssYao (
DAWA BOOKS
Malayalam Study Thouheedu Asma u Waswifath
XuloZp AkvamC hzn-^mv

Price: Rs. 70
Author : Shaikh Muhammed Ibnu Swalih Udhimeen Translator : Hamza Jamali Checked by : Shameer Madeeni First Edition : July 2007
Xulo-Zp AkvamC h kzn^mv

(^Xvlp-d-n _cn: _n XJo-kzn la-hn:)
hnh\w : lwk Pamen
Salafi Cultural Complex, Vyttila, Cochin - 19
DAWA BOOKS
Publisher Distribution Dawa Books Salafi Cultural Complex Vyttila Kochi - 19 Kerala India Email: dawabooks@gmail.com Cover: Primrose Type Setting : Nasar, Creative Media Printing : Screen Offset, Kochi - 18
All right reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the publishers.
ZAvh _pIvkv Am-cmjv{S\nehmc-n ae-bmf ]pkvX-I- ]pd-n-dpIbpw {]k-IvX-amb hnhn[ `mjm-{K-- ae-bm-f-n-tev samgn-amw \Sn {]kn-o-I-cn-pIbpw Am-cmjv{S kaq-l-n\v ]cn-N-b-s-Sp-t ae-bmf ]pkvX-I- ap `mj-I-fn-tev ]cn-`m-j-s-Spn ]pd-n-d-p-I-bp-sa-m-amWv eyw. temI apkvenw ]nX {]ap-J-cn Adn-b-s-Sp ssiJv apl-Zv_v\p kzmen-lp_v\p DssY-ao ( )bpsS {]Ya cN-\-bmb ""^Xvlp-d-n _cn: _n XJo-kzn la-hn:'' F {K-ns ae-bmf `mjm-cam-Wv Xulo-Zp AkvamC hkzn-^mv. ]cn-`m-j-I lwk Pamen. iao aZo\n ]cn-`mj ]cn-tim-[n-p-Ibpw aqe {K-hp-ambn Hp-t\m-p-Ibpw sNbvXn-p-v. hne-bn-cp-pI; \nt-i-fpw hnai-\--fp-ap-mhpw Ah-bvsmw kzmKXw; Ah-bm-Wtm \s t\sc \S-p--Xv. {]mn-p-I, Cu kwcw-`-ns hf-p-th-n. Am-lp-th.... \o R-fpsS I- kzoI-cn-p-Ibpw kzK-n m\w \In A\p-{K-ln-p-Ibpw sNt-W-ta..... (Bao)
amt\-P
12. Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mIppshXns\bpw Ah krjvSnItfmsSmamIppshXns\bpw Fs\ tbmPnnmw 13. Amlphns Cd
75 80 83 86 88 90 92 100 104 112 114 117
Xmfp-I-fn
{K-Im-hn-s\-p-dnv hnh\ Ipdnv BapJw 01. aXn ]npSc \n_ambXv 02. {]hmNI ktiw 03. Amlphns \maKpW hntijWfn AlveppnhPamAns hnizmkw 04. icnbmb amKw ke^pIfptSXv am{Xw 05. apKmanIfpsS amKspdnv ]nKmanIfn NnecpsS A`n{]mbw 06. kXyhpw AkXyhpw Iqnpgpp 07. apKmanI Fp ]dp 08. Amlphns HuXyw 09. Zni (eImew) 10. Amlphns knwlmk\mtcmlWw 11. Amlp \psS IqsSbmWv 11 13 15 19 21 27 36 44 46 48 52 58 61 70
14. Amlphns apJw 15. Amlphns ssII 16. Amlphns IpI 17. Amlphns ssI, Iv Fnhsb kw_nv hnhn[cq]n hXns\pdnv 18. Amlphns kwkmcw 19. Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[n 20. Amlphns kzn^mpIsf \ntj[nphcpsS amKw 21. kn^mpIsf \ntj[nphcpw D]anphcpw 22. ke^pI CapIemans\Xnsc 23. Amlphnepw AyZn\nepap hnizmkn \nv hyXnNenh 24. Amlphns hntijWsf {]Xn]mZnp BbpIfnepw lZokpIfnepw Alvep Jn_vemcpsS `nnpI 25. \qX-\-hm-Zn-I Alvep-p--n-s\-Xn-cn Btcm-]n-p ]cn-lm-k-t-cp-I 26. Ckvemapw Cuam\pw
130 133 136-
Xulo-Zp AkvamC hkzn-^mv
11
{KImhns\pdnv
temI apkvenw ]nX {]apJcn AdnbsSp ssiJv aplZp_v\p kzmenlp_v\p DssYao\n apJv_nep hpssl_n Aaoan ( ) lnPvd 1347 daZm 27\v kpDuZn Atd_ybnse AJkow {]hniybnse Dss\kbn P\np. {]mYanI hnZym `ymkn\ptijw dnbmZnse Camw aplZp_v\p kpDuZv CkvemanIv bqWnthgvknnbn \npw Cap coAbn _ncpZw t\Sn. ssiJv A_vZpdlvam _n \mkzn AAZn ( ), ssiJv C_v\p_mkv ( ) XpSnb {]apJcpsS injyIqSnbmbncpp alm\hI. ]nevmev Atlw Kpcphcysc mfpw {]i kvX\mbnop. Xs Kpcphcy\mb ssiJv A_vZpdlvam kAZn bpsS \ncymWn\ptijw "Dss\k'bnse "PmanD I_odn' JXzo_pw ap^vXnbpambn \nbanX\mbn. IqSmsX kDuZn Atd_ybnse DX ]nXk`bn se AwKw, dnbmZnse Camw aplZp_v\p kpDuZv CkvemanIv bqWnthgvknnbpsS Iognep AJkow icoAx tImsfPnse "CkvemanIv hnizmkhn`mKw' Xe h Fo m\fecnpIbpw sNbvXnpv. lnPvdx 1414 InwKv ss^k AhmUv t\Snb ssiJ hI L\s ^XvhIfpw teJ\fpaSw sNdp Xpw hepXpambn \qdne[nIw {K cNnv apkvenw temIs [\yamnb almhynXzhpw IqSnbmWv. efnXhpw km[mcWhpamb PohnXw \bnncp At lw 74mw hbn \ncymX\mbn.
hnhIpdnv
Amlp kKpW kqW\mWv. Ahs \ma hntijW sfbpw {]h\sfbpw Ipdnp [mcmfw ]cma i JpB\nepw lZokpIfnepw hnpv. Ah a\nem p GsXmcmpw Bcm[\Iflnp GI AkvXnXzw AmlphmsWv hyamIpXmWv. \psS ]cnanXamb Adnhpw bpnbpw shpsImv kh NcmNcsfbpw krjvSnv ]cn]menp t]mcp Amlphns KpWsf hymJym\nm km[ya. Amlphn\psv JpB\pw lZokpIfpw ]Tnn KpW; Ahsb \ntj[npItbm krjv S nItfmSv kmZriysSppItbm D]anpItbm t`ZKXn hcppItbm cq]kev ] apm pItbm sNmsX Ahs alXzn\v tbmPnp hn[n hnizkn \n_amWv. temIP\Xbne[nIt]cpw Amlphns " d p _ q _ n s\ (cmIrXznse GIXzw) AwKoIcnpIbpw; "Deqlnn' (Bcm[\bnse GIXzn) aphsc ]ptNpIbpw "AkvamD h n^mn's\ (\ma hntijW sf) hymJym\npItbm \ncmIcnpItbm cq]k] fpmpItbm, kmZriysSppItbm sNpXmbn mWmw.
n'
XuloZns ta ]d aqv `mKfnse BZys cphn`mKfmb cmIrXznse GIXzw Bcm[ \bnse GIXzw Fnh hniZoIcnp At\Iw {K Cv {]Nmcnepsnepw Amlphns \ma hntijW fpsS hnjbn ]qhnIcpsS \ne]mSv hnhcnp IrXn aebmfn hfsc hncfamWv FXv Cu {Kns Bh iyIX h[nnpp. Hcp hnizmkn Ahiyw Adnncn
t Cu hnjbspdnv IqSpX a\nemm\pw ]Tn m\pw kaqlw aptmp hcWsav hn\b]qhw DWs. CkvemanI {]t_m[\cwKv almb tkh\fn _lp: ssiJv aplZp_v \ p kzmenlp_v \ p DssYao ( )bpsS Hmas cN\bmb "^Xvlpdn _cn: _n XJokzn lahn:' F hnes {Kns samgnam amWv \nfpsS ssIIfn. hnJymX ]nX\mb ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXan ( ) cNn "A^Xhm Alahn' F IrXnsb ssiJv DssYao ( ) Npcpn hnhcnpIbmbncpp. Amlphns \mahntijWfn Alv e ppn hPamAns bYmY hnizmkw P\v apn Xpdv ImWnpIbpw AXns\Xncnep hnai\p J\hpamWv {Kns DSw. Cu ]pkvXIw \nfpsS Insenm Fs klmbn ]ecpapv . Ahsc \n]qhw HmpIbpw Ahv Alamb {]Xnêw kKpW kqW\mb Amlp \evIs Fv {]mYnpIbpw sNpp. hnh\fn ]mfnIfnmXncnm ]camh[n kqvaX ]mennpv. ]nghpI a\pjyklPamWtm A_ ktlmZc_pym {ibnsSpphtcmSv \nbpmIpw. Amlp CsXmcp kIaambn kzoIcns. \mYm....CXns aqeIrXnbpsS cNbnXmhmb ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXan ( ) hnpw, AXn Bhiyamb hniZoIcW \evInsmv Npcpn hnhcn ssiJv aplZp_v\p kzmenlp DssYao( )hnpw \o IcpW sNpIbpw Atlsbpw Rsfbpw \o kzKn Hcpanv IqpIbpw sNtWta.. (Bao)
lwk Pamen
CkvemanIv ssKUkv sk aPvaAv kDuZn Atd_y
15
16
BapJw
kh kvXpXnbpw AmlphnmIpp. Ahs\ hmgvpp. Aht\mSv am{Xw klmbw tXSpIbpw ]m]tamN\w tXSpIbpw, Ahtev ]mX]npIbpw sNpp. \psS Zqjyfn \npw No {]h\fn \npw Amlphn icWw tXSpp. Amlp amKZi\w \evInbhs\ ]ngnm\m cpan. Ah ]nghnemnbhs\ t\hgnbnemm\pw Bcpan. AmlphmsX asmcp Bcm[y\nspw aplZv Amlphns ZqX\msWpw Rm kmyw hlnpp. Amlphns IcpWmISm {]hmNI Xncpta\npw IpSpw_n\pw A\pNcmpw khP\pw [mcmfambn hjnpamdmIs! Amlp aplZv \_n(r)sb kmKhpw kXy aXhpambn temIv ImcpWyhpw amXrIbpw kh ASnaIpw sXfnhpambpw \ntbmKnncnpp. Xn AnXamb Cu ZuXyw Atlw \nhlnpIbpmbn. kapZmbn\v AhcpsS aX]camb Imcyfnse ASnm\]chpw imJm]chpamb Imcyfn Bhiyamb Fm \ntZifpw hyamnsmSppIbpw sNbvXp. \bntev t{]cW \evIp Fm Imcyfpw \_n(r) hnhcnp. kIe XnIsf pdnpw kaqlns\ XmoXv \ev I pIbpw sNbv X p. AhnSpv Cu kapZmbs Hcp sXfn ]mXbnemWv hntpt]mbXv . AXns cm{Xnt]mepw ]Iens\tmse
shfnapXmIpp. {]hmNIs A\pbmbnI tim`bm B amKneqsS kcnp. Chcn \npw Dacmb \qmpImscv Adnbs Xm_nDIfpw AhcpsS ]nXe apdmcpw AXns\ A\p[mh\w sNbv X p. ]noSv Cu aXn hnhn[fmb A\mNmc ISpIqSn. cm{Xn hgnbdnbmsX XnSv hogpXpt]mse kaqlw AXn hogphcmbnamdn. hnizmk Imcyfn FpImenhet]mse Zp_eambn amdpIbpw sNbv X p. Fm AXypXmb cnXmhv Ahs Cu Zo\ns\ Ccw i{Xpfn \npw kwcnpXn\mbn Ahs Huenbmv Cuam\pw, hnm\hpw \ev I n. _nZv A pImcpsS IpX{sf Ahcntev Xs XncnphnSpIbpw sNpw. A\mNmchpambn GsXmcph aptmp hcptmgpw AcmcpsS s]mhmZfpw A\mNmcns \ncIXbpw t_m[ysSpp kpns kwcIsc Amlp AbmXncpnn. kaqln AnnSn A\mNmcsf FXnpXn At{Kkc\mbncpp alm\mb ssiJpCkvemw XJnbpo AlvaZp_v\p A_vZnleow_v\p A_vZnemw_v\p ssXan ( ). lnPvd 661 d_oDA ]n\v XnfmgvN CdmJnse
"ldm' ]Wn P\n Atlw "UakvIknse' tIm bn shv lnPvd 728 ZpJAZp amkn ZnhwKX\mhp Ibpw sNbvXp. {]hmNI( r )bpsS XncpkppIsf hnhcnpIbpw AXnse {][m\ `mKsf insSppIbpw _nZvAp Isf s]mfnv \namP\w sNp H\h[n {KfpsS cNbnXmhpamWtlw. ta eyw ap\nn Atlw cNn {KamIpp
jG idG (A^Xvhm Alahn). kndnbbnse "lpamv'

F epshv lnPvd 698 Amlphns \ma hntijW fpambn _s hnjbn AtltmSv tNmZn tNmZyp adp]SnbmIpp taIrXnbnse
17
{]Xn]mZy hnjbw. 83 t]PpIfpsmp Cu IrXn aptJ\ Atlw \nch[n ]coWv hnt[bambn. Ckveman\pw apkvenwIpw Atlw sNbvX almb tkh\n\v Amlp Daamb {]Xnêw \evIs. Bao. Cu adp]Sn a\nempXn ]epw {]bmkapm Ipsav a\nemnbXn\m AXn {][m\sXns\ kwn]vXamn Bhiysav tXmpnSv hniZoIcW \evIpIbmWv Rm sNbvXXv. CXn\v Rm
jG H (^Xvlpdn
jdG Q a
_cn: _nXJokzn lahn:)
Fv t]cpshpIbpw sNbvXp. \psS Ia Amlphns {]oXnpthnbmIphm \pw AXv Ahs ASnaIv ê{]ZamIm\pw Amlphn t\mSv tXSpp. Ah DX\pw AXypZm c\pamIpp. {KImc ssiJv aplZp_v\p kzmenlp DssYao (d) kpDuZn Atd_y
19
20
]nSnpI. aXnse \qX\mNmcsf IcpXnbncnpI. Fm ]pXnbXpw A\mNmcamIpp. Fm A\mNmchpw hgntI SmIpp'' (A_qZmhqZv: 4607). D]Imc{]Zamb hnm\nepw kIafnepw {]hmNIs ]mX ]npShcmWv kcnXcmb apKmanI. {]hmNI (r)bpsS A\pNcmcmWv Cu hntijWn\v Ghpw AlXsh. ImcWw Amlp Ahs {]hmNIs A\pbmbnIfmbpw Ahs aXs t\cmwhw \ne\npXnpambn AhscbmWv sXcsSpn cnpXv. ]qW hnizmknIfpw, hnthInIfpw, [mcmfw {]h Amlphns hN\hpw, Ahs {]hmNI aplZv (r)bpsS Ncybpw Atln\ptijw h kzlm_nIfnse kcnXcmb Jpe^mDdminZpIfpsSbpw kmKn Ahsc ]npShcpsSbpw hmpIsfbpamWv HcSnav Ahs aXn ]npSc \n_amIpXv. ImcWw hyamb sXfnhpIfpw kmKhpambn Amlp aplZv \_n(r)sb \ntbmKnpIbpw, kh P\tfmSpw Atln hnizknWsapw, {]Xyambpw ]tcm ambpw Atls ]npScWsapw \n_amnbncn pp Fv Amlp nphcpw, Xocpam\ \Snemphcpw, IqSpX kmKw {]m]nhcpambhscbmsX Amlp Xs ZqXs A\pbmbnIfmbn sXcsSppIbnAh kh\pw AKm[m\nbpamIpp AXpsImv Xs {]hmNI\p tijw ]npScm AhcmWv IqSpX tbmKycpw. Ahp tijw kmKnIfpw [at_m[aphcpamb aXnse CamapIfpw.
aXn ]npSc \n_ambXv
(I)
]dp:
""]dbpI: a\pjytc, Xobmbpw Rm \nfntesm ap Amlphns ZqX\mIpp. BImifpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw B[n]Xyw GsXmcphmtWm Ahs (ZqX) Ah\msX Hcp ssZhhpan. Ah PohnnpIbpw acnnpIbpw sNpp. AXn\m \n Amlphnepw Ahs ZqX\nepw hnizknphn. AsX, Amlphnepw Ahs hN\fnepw hnizknp AcPvRm\anm B {]hmNI\n. Atls \n ]n]phn \nv t\amKw {]m]nmw.'' (AAv-dm^v:158) \_n(r) ]dp: ""\n Fs Ncy apdpsInSnpI. F\nptijw hcp amKZi\w knn kcnXcmb apKmanIfpsS Ncybpw, \n Ah AWpsImv ISnv
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22
kwibclnXambpw {]kv]jvSambpw hnhcnmsX {]hmNI ]pwKh ( r ) AXns\ (Amlphns \ma hntijWsf) AhKWnpshXv \_n( r )bn \nv kw`hnmhX. CXv hyamp GXm\pw ImcW Xmsg sImSppp.
{]hmNI ktiw
\_n(r)bpsS ZuXyw cpImcy Dsmpp: 1) D]Imc{]Zamb hnm\w 2) kIw. Amlp(I) ]dp: ""kmKhpw kXyaXhpw sImvFm aXpw aosX AXns\ sXfnbnpImWnm thn Xs ZqXs\ \ntbmKnh\mIpp Ah. _lpssZhmcm[Iv (AXv) A\njvSIcambmepw icn'' (Az^v^v:9) Bbn ]d
aSnbXmIpp. Amlp \_n( r )sb ktmjhm Adnbnph\pw XmoXv \ev I ph\pw Amlphns Dch\pkcnv Ahtev Wnph\pw {]Imiw \evIp Hcp hnfpw BbnsmmWv \ntbmKnncnpXv. F{Xtmfsam \_n ( r ) Xs kapZmbs cm{Xn t]mepw ]Ien\v kam\amb sXfn ]mXbnemWv hntpt]mbXv. \inh\msX B ]mXbn \npw sXpIbn. B {]Imin Ghpw alchpw DX hpambXv Amlphns\pdnpw Ahs \masf pdnpw Ahs KpWsfpdnpw Ahs {]hnI sfpdnp samap AdnhpsImpmIpXmWv. AXpsImpXs AXv hyambn hnhcn {]hmNIs _m[yXbn s]XmWv.
Hv :
{]hmNI
ktiw
{]Imihpw
kmKhp
sSpXv D]Imc{]Zamb hnm\hpw
i~dG (kmKw) FXpsImv hnhn G jO (kXyaXw)
cv: `W]m\ob acymZI, Ccpw Ddw t]mep

Zo\nsbpw Zpbmhnsbpw Imcyfn kaqln mhiyamb Fm Imcyfpw AhnSpv kaqls ]Tnnp. A_qZdv ( ) ]dbpp:
sImv hnhnsSpXv BmYXtbmsSbpw {]hmNI Xncpta\nsb ]npSpsImpw Amlphnv \nhln p kIahpamIpp. Clnepw ]cnepw kaqln\v \bpw D]Imchp apmIp Fm hnm\fpapsmpXmWv CXnsemm atXmWv D]Imc{]Zamb hnm\w.
""hmbphn NndInSnp Hmtcm ]dhIsfpdnpw \_n( r ) Rv Hcdnhv \ev I msX hnp]ncnnn.'' (Xz_vdm\n 1624, knkne kzlol: 1803) Amlphns\bpw Ahs \masfbpw KpWsfbpw {]hnIsfbpw Ipdnp Adnhv Cu s]mXphmNIn eIsSpsaXn ktlan. am{Xa A\nhmcyambpw Adnncnt hnm\sa \nebn {]hmNI ( r) ]Tnn Imcyfn {]Yam\w \ev t IXpw CXn\v Xs.
Amlphns \mafnepw hntijWfnepw {]hnIfn epap hnm\w. ImcWw CXmWv Ghpw D]Imc{]Zamb Adnhv. AXpXsbmWv ssZhnI ktins kbpw, {]hmNI {]t_m[\ns cXv\pcphpw. A{]ImcwXs hmpsImpw, {]hn sImpw hnizmkw sImpsamw aXw \ne\nevpXpw CXpaptJ\bmWv.
aqv:
23
24

FXv kwibn\v hIbnm
Amlphnepw Ahs \mafnepw KpWfnepw
kzlm_nIfmWv
{]hnIfnepw hnizkn aXns ASnm\hpw, {]hmNImcpsS {]t_m[\ns NpcphpamIpp. AXv _pnbpw lrZbhpw Icamnb, Ghpw t{ijv T hpw \n_hpambXpamWv Fncns CXnt\m sNdnb ]eImcypw {]mapJyw Iev ] n \_n( r ) Fns\ CXns\ AhKWnpw? IqSpX Adnbph \_n( r)bmWv. Ahcn ]SpItfmSv Ghpw KpWImwbph\pw, hyhpw kv ^ pShpambn hniZoIcnm Ignbph\pw Ctlw XsbmWv. Fncns Amlphnepw Ahs \mafnepw KpWfnepw {]hnIfnepw hnizknpXns\pdnv IWniam hn[w kwibIcamIp \nebn hnpt]mhpI FXv Akw`hyamWv.
ImcyamIpp. \_n(r) ]dbpIbpmbn: "" P \ f n G h p w D a c m b h F s \ q m p ImcmIpp. AXn\ptijw AXn\Sphcpw ]noSv AXn\Sp hcpw.'' (_pJmcn, 3458, ap 4601) hmv {]hn hnizmkw FnhsImv Amlphntev ASpp Fm Imcyfnepw Cu {]tXyIX AhcpsS t{ijvSXsbpdnpp. C\n Cu hnjbn Ah bYmYn Adnbmhcm bncppshv \mw kev]npIbmsWn Ahptijw hhcmWv Acmhm IqSpX km[yX. ImcWw Amlphns \mafpw hntijWfpw Znhyktiw aptJ\bmWv AdnbpI. kzlm_nIfmIs {]hmNI Xncpta\nbpsSbpw apkvenw DnsbpanSbnse
\mev :
Xs cnXmhns\pdnv P\fn Ghpw
Av:
Xobmbpw kzlm_nI Cmcyn kXyw
]dbphcmbncntXpv. Am]w HpIn AXn au\w ]menpItbm Asn AbmYmYambXv ]dbpItbm sNepamIpp. CXv cpw Ahsc kw_nnStmfw DmImhX. ImcWw au\w ]men, Amlphn\v \n_ambXpw AmXpamb Ahs \mafnepap AhcpsS AdnhnmbvabmemIpw, Asn Adnbmambncpnpw AXv adpshXn\membncnpw CXv cpw kwKXa. FpsImsm hnm\w tXSp, Bcm[\bn sImXnbp Poh\p GXp lrZbn\pw Amlphnep hnizmkspdnpw Ahs \mafpw KpWfpw icnbmbn Adnv hnizknpXnmbn At\zjnpI FXv Ghpw henb eyamImXncnm hIbn. \sb kt\lnpXnepw D]Imc{]Zamb hnm\ IcampXnepw P\fn Ghpw ap]nbn Dacmb \qmpImcmWv. AXnXs Ghpw t{ijvTamb
am[yaamIpp. Fncns Cu hnjbspdnv Ahcn Hcmpw Adnhnm FXv Akw`hyamIpp. kzlm_nI kXyw Adnnpw adpshpI FXv Ahcn hpIqSmXmWv. ImcWw D]Imc{]Zamb hnm\w {]NcnnpXnepw AXv kapZmbn\v FnpsImSppXnepw kzlm_mfpsS Xmev ] cyw Adnbp icnbmb _pnbp Hcmpw kXyw
adpshpI F A]cm[s Ahcntev tNndbm km[ya Xs. {]tXyInv Amlphns\bpw Ahs \masfbpw KpWsfbpw Ipdnp \n_amb Imcyfn. AXn\p]pdsa Cu hnjbspdnv kzlm_mfn \nv Hcp]mSv hN\ hnpapv. At\zjnphv AXv IsmhpXpamIpp.

fm Akw`hyamWv.
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kzlm_nI AbmYmYyw ]dbpI FXv cpImcW
ambXmWv . ImcWw CXv icoAn\v Xs A]am\w hcppXmIpp. A{]Imcw Cu hnjbn kzlm_nI kXyw ]db A\nhmcyamsWv hyamIpIbmsWn HpIn AhcpsS Nnbn \ntm, Asn hlvbnsbSnm\ ntem Bbncnmw AXv ]dbpXv. ChnsS BZyw ]dXv Akw`hyamWv . ImcWw Amlphn\v Dmbncnt ]cn]qWamb KpW _pnsImv Nnnv ]dbmhp X. Fncns ChnsS cmas A`n{]mbamb {]hmNI (r)bpsS ktiw aptJ\ e`nXmbncnm\mWv kmyX. CtXmsS \_n( r ) Amlphns \mafnepw KpWfnepap bYmamb hnhcWw hyamnbncn ppshv a\nemIpp. CXpXsbmWv ChnsS eyam IpXpw.
Hv:
AbmYmYyamb hmpI hyamb sXfnhn\v
]pdmIpp. kzlm_nIfmIs P\fn shv hyamb sXfnhnmh ]dbpXnpw hfsc hnZqcmsWXv kphnZnXamWv. {]tXyInv Amlphnep hnm\ns AZriyamb Imcysfpdnpw. XmsgsImSpp JpB hN\ A\zYamphcmbncpp Ah. ""\n\dnhnm bmsXmcp Imcynsbpw ]nmse \o t]mIcpXv. Xobmbpw tIhn, ImgvN, lrZbw Fnhsbn sbmw tNmZyw sNsSpXmWv.'' (ACkvdmAv: 36) ] d b p I : "" F s c n X m h v \ n j n a m n b n p X v {]XyambXpw \oNhrnIfpw, A[ahpw, \ymbw IqSmsXbp Ithpw, bmsXmcp {]amWhpw Amlp CdnnnmXns\ Aht\mSv \n ]ptNp Xpw, Amlphns t]cn \np hnhcanmXv \n ]dpmpXpw am{XamWv.'' (AAAvdm^v: 33)
cv: hmkvXhhncpamb hmpI ]dbpXv HpIn

AXns Dhw Adnhnmbv a bn \nmIpw. Asn krjvSnIsf ]ngnm DtinpXn \nmIpw. Chcpw kzlm_nIfpsS alXzn\v tNcmXmWv. kapZmbn\v ]qWambpw KpWImwnIfmbn AdnbsSp kzlm_n Ifn \npw krjv S nIsf ]ngnm DtiyapmIpI FXv Akw`hyamWv. C \ n Cu h n j b n k z l m _ n I ] d h b n Zpcptiyapsn Ah ]dbp aX]camb ap
Imcyfnepw ZpcptiyapsphcnIbpw As\ Cu hnjbnepw apw AhcpsS hmpI hnizmktbmKy amXmbnocpIbpw sNpw. CXv Atbw Zp_e
27
28

Amlphns ]cnipnv tbmPnm,
pItbm \ntj[npItbm sNmsX hnp\nevpI. Fm AhbpsS Aspdnv hniZoIcWw tXSpIbpw As\
AbmYmyamWv AXv sImv DtinsSpsXn AXv XsSpXmWv. AX Amlphn\v tbmPnp BibamsWn AXv kzoIcnpIbpw sNpw. CXmWv \n_ambpw kzoIcnt amKw. CXv Ahsb
Amlphns \maKpW hntijWfn AlveppnhPamAns hnizmkw

Alv e ppn hPamA: {]hnbnepw, hnizmk nepw \_n(r)bpsS kpns\ {]Xyhpw ]tcmhp amb \nebn kzoIcnpXn sFIyshcmWv. Amlphns \mahntijWfn Alveppn hPamAns hnizmkw Xmsg hcpw {]ImcamWv.
\ncmIcnphcpsSbpw kmZriysSphcpsSbpw CSbnep anXamb A`n{]mbw IqSnbmIpp. Cu amKw kzoIcn \n_amsWv _pnbpw {]amWhpw kXnpp. Amlphn\v A\nhmcyhpw A\phZ\obhpw Akw`hyhpamb Imcyfnse hniZoIcWw {]amWw sImmsX Adnbm km[ya. Atm {]amWs ]n]nsmv DXmbn
ncoIcnhsc ncoIcnm\pw \njnamb \ntj[ KpWsf \ntj[npIbpw au\w ]menXn au\ahew_n pIbpw sN \n_amIpp. Amlp ]dbpp: Amlphn\v Ghpw \ t]cpIfpv . AXn\m B t]cpIfn Ahs\ \n hnfnpsImpI. Ahs t]cpIfn Ir{Xnaw ImWnphsc \n hnpIfbpI. Ah sNbvXphcpXns êw Ahp hgnsb \IsSpw. (AAAvdm^v: 180) asmc[ymbn hopw "" A h \ p X p e y a m b n b m s X m p a n . A h F m w ImWph\pw tIph\pamIpp.'' (Aiviqdm: 11) asmc[ymbn ""\n\dnhnm bmsXmcp Imcynsbpw ]nmse \o
HmaXmbn:
ncoIcWw. AXmbXv Amlp Ahs
{Kntem Asn Ahs {]hmNIs \mhneqsStbm X\nv DXmbn ncoIcnh XZ\pkmcw AXn hymJym\tfm \ncmIcWtam cq]kev]tam kmZriysSp tem IqSmsX ncoIcnpI.
cmaXmbn:
\ntj[w. AXmbXv Amlp Ahs
{Kntem Asn Ahs {]hmNIs \mhneqsStbm Xsta \njnamb \ntj[ KpWsf \ntj[npI. AtXmsSmw Amlphn\v \njnamb \ntj[ KpWv FXncmb KpWfmWv Amlphn\pXv Fv hnizknp Ibpw sNpI.
aqmaXmbn:
{]amWfneqsS Amlphn\v ncoIcn
t]mIcpXv'' (ACkvdmAv: 36) Hmas Bbv: Amlphns \ma hntijWsf hymJym\tfm, \ncmIcWtam IqSmsX ncoIcn
sSpItbm, \ntj[nsSpItbm sNbvXnn m tZlw, ew, `mKw XpSn P\ hntbmPnnph ncoIcn

Ir{Xnaw ImWnemIpp.
29
30
\n_amsWv Adnbnpp. ImcWw AXv cpw
""h\ ImWnm Hcp tKm{Xw! Ah P\tfmSv Hcp ISpIv aWntbmfhpw A\oXn {]hnppan.''* * Cu tKm{Xn\v i{Xpsf FXnphm\p
cmas Bbv: Amlphns \ma hntijWsf kmZriysSp IqSmsX ncoIcn \n_amsWv Adnbnpp. aqmas Bbv: Amlphns \ma hntijWsf cq]kev]anmsX ncoIcnpIbpw A{]Imcw Amlphn\v ncoIcnsSpItbm, \ntj[nsSpItbm sNbvXnnmhbn ncoIcnpItbm \ntj[npItbm sNmsX, hnp\npIbpw sN \n_amsWv Adnbnpp. Cs\ Amlphn\v ncs Fm KpWfpw kvXpXnsSpIbpw ]pIgvsSpIbpw sNp ]cn]qWamb KpWfmIpp. bmsXmcphn[nep \yq\XIfpw Ahbvn. Fncns Amlphn\v ncs ]cn]qWamb Fm KpWfpw Fm hn[nepw ]cn]qWambXv XsbmWv. A{]Imcw Amlp Ahv C Fdnbn Fm \ntj[ KpWfpw Amlphnv \n_ambpw DmtI KpWv FXncmIpXmWv . Fm kKpWfnepw Amlp ]cn]qW\mbncns \yq\XIfSnb KpWfpw Ahv Akw`hyamIpp. AXpt]mse Amlp Ahv GsXmv \njnamppshn Amlphnv \njnamb B \ntj[ KpWw Csv AwKoIcnptXmsSmw Amlphn\v \njnamb B \ntj[KpWn\v FXncmb KpWsf ]cn]qWambpw oIcn IqSnbmIpp. FpsImsm {]iwk\obamb Hcp KpWw ncoIcn msX \ntj[ KpWw am{Xw ]cn]qWXsb IpdnpIbn. ImcWw Nnetm AiX AXn\v ImcWamIpp. Hcp IhnbpsS hmpI t\mq:
tijnbnmXns\ Ihn \nnp ]mSnbXmWnXv. AXmbXv Amlp Ahv \njnamnb KpWfn s]XmWtm "A{Iaw {]hn'. AXmbXv A{Iaw {]hnpI F \ntj[ KpWw \ntj[nptXm sSmw AXns FXnKpWamb \oXn]me\w ]cn]qW ambpw ncoIcnpIIqSn sNpp. Amlp Ahv \njnamnb KpWfns]XmWv "oWapmhpI' FXv. Fpsh m "oWw DmhpI' F \ntj[ KpWw \ntj[np tXmsSmw AXns FXnKpWamb in ]cn]qWambpw ncoIcnpIIqSn sNpp. C s\bmWv Fm \ntj[
Alvco^v
KpWsfbpw \ntj[ntXv.
YCG dG
`mjm]cambn amwhcp FmWnXnw "\zn's ]Zntem Antem amwhcppI
hymJym\npI FXmWv kmtXnImw. ]Z]camb amtmsSmw Aw hyXymksSpIbpw AmsX bpancnpw. CXv aqv C\amIpp.
1. ]Zs amptXmsSmw Aw amdph

DZm-l-cWw : aqkmtbmSv Amlp t\cnv kwkmcnpIbpw sNbvXp. (\nkmAv:164) F Bbnse ]Icw
nqdG
oqdG
(Amlp) FXn\v DImcn\v
(Aml) Fv Nne "A'Imcw sImSppXv
t]mse. CXv aptJ\ Bbns Aw AmlpthmSv aqkm t\cnv kwkmcnpIbpw sNbvXpshmbn amdpw.
2. ]Zs amptXmsSmw An amw hcmh

DZmlcWw: kvXpXn khtemI ]cn]meI\mb Amlp hnmIpp. (^mXnl:2)

F Bbnse ]Icw
31
32

Fp]dbpp.
~G n
~G (AlwZp) FXn\v "D'Imcn\v o

Ccw A_ DmIpI.
Hcp hkvXphn\v kmZriyambXv m]npXn\v

"Xiv_olv'
(AlwZ) Fv AImcw sImSppXv t]mse. km[mcW
CXpsImv Bbns AYw amdpIbn. AXbn \nmWv CXpsImv Ahv {]tXyI Dtiyhpw DmImdn.
XpeysSppI Fm Fm \nebvpw kasSp emIpp. kmZriysSppI FXv IqSpX KpWfnepw kasSpemIpp. Ch ]ckv]cw Hv asmmbn cq]k]ntbpw CSbn cp \nep hyXymk fmWpXv. s ] m X p s h ] d b s S m d p v . C h c n s b p w ( dG )
3. Aw ampI. {]amWns ]n_eanmsX _mly amb As ampI.

DZmlcWw: Amlphns Ccp ssIIsf in, A\p{Klw
AAvXzo
bmWw
XpSnb Afmn ampI.
Hv :
Hcp hkvXphns cq]s D]m[ntbmsStbm
\ncp]m[nItam hnhcnemWv cq] k]saXv. Fm XpysSpsSpXpw kmZriysSpsSpXpamb hkvXphnt\mSv \ncp]m[nIambn AdnbnpXmWv XwYoepw Xiv_olpw. CX\pkcnv cq]k]w kh hym]IambXmbncnpw. FpsImsm kmZriysSpsSpsXmw Xs cq]w k]nsXmIpp. Fm k]npXn s\mw cq]apmbnsImWsan.
`mjm]cambn iq\yampI, \ntj[npI Fsms
Amlphnv \n_amb \mahntijWsf apgpht\m `mKnItam \ncmIcnpI FXmWnhnsS kmtXnImw. CXv cv C\amIpp. 1. samn \ntj[npI. AYhm Amlphns hntijWsf ]msS \ntj[np Plvanbmsftmse samn \ncmIcnpI. Ahcnse AXncpIhnh Amlphns \masfbpw \ncmIcnpp.
cv :
Amlphns
hntijWfpambn
(
_sXmWv cq]k]w
AIvbo^v
dG)
am{Xw
Fm XpeysSp
HuXynepw, hntijWnepw, kbnep
sams DmIpw. CX\pkcnv XpeysSp hym]Iamb Xmbnocpp. C\n P\ ]ngpt]mIp kmZriysSp cp hn[amIpp.
(
Amlphns hntijWv cq]k]apmpI. DZmlWw: Amlphns Ins\ cq]k]apmpI, Amlp Hm\mImitv CdpXpw IbdpXpw Cn{]ImcamsWv k]npI. CsXms AXn\pZm lcWfmWv . \apv ]cnNbap Cdtam, Ibtam k]npIqSm.
J)
AwYoep hiv_olv
AwYo Fv ]dbpI.
krjvSnsb {kjvSmhnt\mSv kmZriysSp krjvSmhns\ krjvSntbmSv kmZriysSp

krjvSnsb {kjvSmhnt\mSv kmZriysSppI FXns Aw: {kjvSmhn\v am{Xw {]tXyIamIp {]hnI, AhImi, hntijW XpSnbXntesXn epsamns\ krjvSnIv hIshpsImSpemIpp. ChnsS
Hn\v Xpeyambn asmns\ ncoIcnpXn\mWv
33
HmatXv Amlphns IqsS asmcp {kjvSmhpsv P]npp, AYhm Amlphns dp_q_nn (cmIXrXzn) ]ptNemWXv . cmatXv : _lpssZh hnizmknI sNpXpt]mse hn{Klv Bcm[\bn ]psv hnizknpIbpw Ahbvv Bcm[\I AnpIbpw sNemWv.
aqv :
\_nsbbpw apw ]pIgvpXn AXncp
IhnhcpsS {]hrnt]mse "A_vZpmln_v\p blvb A _plvXcn'sb Ihn "apX\n'(3) ]pIgvnbXv AXns\mcp ZmlcWamWv. ""Hm XpyXbnmht\, AhnSpv DtinXpt]mse BbnsmpI. AhnSpv Fns\ DtinpIbmsWnepw AtbmSv kmZriyamIm Hcp krjvSnbpan Xs.'' {kjvSmhns\: Amlphns kbntem (GP) hntijW ntem krjv S nIfptSXpt]mephsb ncoIcn pI FmWv {kjv S mhns\ krjv S ntbmSv kmZriysSppI FXnw. Amlphns ssI krjvSnIfpsS ssIIsf tmsebmsWtm, Amlphns knwlmk\mtcmlWw krjvSnIfptSXpt]msebmsWtm ]dbpXv CXn\pZmlc WfmWv. BZyambn {kjvSmhns\ krjvSntbmSv kmZriysSpn bXmbn AdnbsSpXv inbmfnse Xo{hhmZnIfmb dm^nfnbmfns "lnimap_v\plIw' BsWv ]dbsSpp.
YCG dG.
ClmZv AYhm Ir{Xnaw ImWn

ClmZv
Fm hyXnbm\w FmWv `mjmw.
kmtXnIambn hnizkntem Asn {]hntem

3) Am-knm Imev Adn-b-s cp Ihn-I-fm-Wn-h. Ch cpt]pw Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c--fp-v.
\n_ambXn \npw hyXnNenemIpp. CXv cp hn`mKamIpp. Hv: Amlphns \mafn cv: Amlphns hN\fn Amlphns \mafnep hyXnNe\saXpsImv hnh: AXn \n_ambpw hnizknt bmYmYy n \npw icnbmb Bibn \npw hyXnNenpI FXmWv. AXv \mev C\fmIpp. 1. Amlphns \ma hntijWsf \ntj[np InI (G) sNbvXXpt]mse AXn \nv NneXns\ \ntj[n. 2. Amlphns \mahntijWsf krjvSnIfptSXn\p kmZriysSpp InI (apinlm) sNbvXXp t]mse AXns\ krjvSnIfptSXn\v kmZriysSp. 3. {Inkv X ym\nI Amlphns\ "]nXmhv ' Fpw, Zmi\nI "BZnImcWw' Fsmw hnfnpXpt]mse Amlp Ahv kzoIcnnnm \ma hnfn. ImcWw Amlphns \ma {]amWmSnm\n emIpp. 4. dEG (ACemlv) F ]Zn \nv dG (Am) Fpw jdG (A Akokv) F ]Zn \nv idG (ADm) Fpw DcpncnXpt]mse, Amlphns \mafn \nv hn{Klv \ma DcpncnsSp. Amlphns hN\fnep hyXnNe\w \nba]camb hN\fnemWnXpmIpI. AYhm {]hmNIm sImph \nbafnepw, hrmfnepw. A{]Imcw Amlp BImifnepw `qanbnepw krjv S nXpw
34
krjv S npXpamb krjv S n]camb Zrjv S mfnepw BfpI Ir{XnaXzw ImWnpw. ]Ztam Atam hymJym\npI, hrmsf IfhmpI, \nbasf BewL\w \SpI XpSnb hbmWv \nba]camb hN\fnepmhp hyXnNe\w. krjvSn]camb ZrjvSmfn kw`hnp hyXnNe\w krjvSnns\ Amlphmhcntev tNemIpp. Asn AXn Amlphn\v ]mfnbpstm klmbnbpstm hnizkn.
35
36
icnbmb amKw ke^pIfptSXv am{Xw

ke^p (apKman)IfpsS amKw \mw apv hnhcnpIbp mbn. B amKw kzoIcn \n_amsWXn\p {]amWhpw \mw AhnsS hnhcnp Ignp. Fm ke^pIfpsS amKamWv icnbmbamK sav sXfnbn m\mWv \manhnsS DtinpXv. AXv cnemWv. Hv: keô amKw hnip JpB\nsbpw kpn sbpw ASnm\nepXmWv. ImcWw AhcpsS amKw sshm\nIhpw \oXn]qhIhpambn ]cntim[np GsXmcmpw AXv hnipJpB\nt\mSpw Xncpkpn t\mSpw ka{Khpw hniZhpambn tbmPnpXmbn Ism hpXmWv. ImcWw Amlp thZ{Kw AhXcnnnpXv AXnse Zrjv S msfn Nnnv AXnse \nbaf\pkcnv {]hnm\pw hrmfn hnizknphm\pamIpp.
4
4. A[ymbw Hv t\mpI
AXv a\nempXnepw hnizknpXnepw {]hn pXnepsamw ap P\tfmsfmw ke^pIfmWv Ghpw ASphscXn kwiban. FpsImsm hnipJpB AhXcnXv ke^pIfpsS Imepw AhcpsS `mjbnepamIpp. Fncns P\fn AXv Ghpw IqSpX a\nemnbhcpw Ia \mbn sNphcpw Ghpw \coXnbn {]hnphcpw ke^pIfmsWXn kwibn\v hIbn. cv: Cu hnjbn kXyw HpIn "ke^p'I ]dbptXm Asn "Je^p'I (]nKmanI) ]dXntem Bbncnmsav ]dbsSmdpv. Fm cmas A`n{]mbamb, kXyw ]nKmanIfnembn cnpsav ]dbpXv \ncYIamIpp. ImcWw Amlphpw Ahs {]hmNI\pw aplmPndpIfn \npw AkmdpIfn \npw BZyambn Ckvemw kzoIcnhcpw \ncYIambXv ]dpshpw, Hcnt]mepw hnizkn \n_amb kXyw Ah hyamtbm {]Xyntem ]dnnspw hcpp. aXns ASnm\ Imcyfn JpB\nsbpw kpnsbpw kmn[yw XnIpw {]bmkIcamhpIbpw sNpw. P\sf JpB\pw kppanmsX hnSpXv Dahpw Ghpw \Xpambnocpw!! CXv hyamb AkXyamIpp. apKmanIfpsS amKw kpcnXhpw ]nKmanIfpsS amKw hkvXp\njvThpw kahpamIppshv Imcyw a\nem m Nne hnUvVnI ]dphcpp. cp Imcyfn \nmWv CXns DdhnSw. Hv: Cu kmtXnI ]Z AdnbnpXpt]mep bYmamb hntijWsfmpwXs Amlphn\n F "Zpjn' [mcWbpXpsImmWv Ccw hnizmkw DSseSppXv.
37
38
Amlphns hntijWfmb Cu kmtXnI ]Zv AYw Iev]nmsXbp shdpw hmpIfmsWmIpp. Atm AhcpsS hmZ{]Imcw ke^pIfpsS amKn, Amlphns hntijW Aanm s]mbmb GXm\pw NnehmpIfn \mw hnizknpI FXnsbpw Amlphns hntijWfpsS _mlyamb An\v FXncmIp Aw ncoIcnpI F ]nKmanIfpsS hnizmkntbp anSv Idnsmncnpw. Aanm s]mbmb shdpw hmpI ncoIcnpXnt\m Cu kmtXnI ]ZfpsS AYw sImSppXmWv IqSpX hkvXp\njvThpw kahpambXv. CmcWmemWv Cu hnUvVn apKmanIfpsS amKtm ]nKmanIfpsS amKs sXcsSppXv. Imcyw a\nemm hnUvVnbpsS Cu hmn kXyhpw AkXyhpw IqSnencnpp. apKmanIfpsS amKw kpcnXamIppshXv kXyamWv. Fm ]nKmanIfpsS amKw hkvXp\njvThpw kahpamIppshXv ]e ImcWsImpw AkXyamIpp. Hv: (apKmanIfpsS amKw kpcnXamIpp) sh AhcpsS hmnt\mSv CXv FXncmbnhcpp. ImcWw apKmanIfpsS amKw kpcnXamWv FXv AhcpsS amKw \n_ambpw hkv X p\njv T hpw kahpambncnp sadnbnpp. FpsImsm hkvXp\njvTamXv A\yq\amhpIbntm. kpcnXamIp ImcW sImmWv hkvXp\njvTXbpmIpXv. B ImcWfneqsS kcnptmsg kaXbpmIpbpq. AXpsImp Xs apKmanIfpsS amKw kpcnXhpw hkvXp\njvThpw kahpamIppshv hyamIpp. Imcyw a\nem
cv: ChcpsS hnizmkn apKmanIfpsS amKsaXv
m Cu hnUvVnv CXn \nv Hcnepw hgnamdntmIm IgnbpIbn. cv: Amlphnv Cu kmtXnI ]Z Ipdnp bYmamb hntijWfnmsb AhcpsS hnizmkw \ncYIamIpp. ImcWw AXv ]ng [mcWbmepm bXmIpp. FpsImsm Amlphns hntijW _pnsImpw {]IrXnsImpw aXw sImpw ncs XmIpp. Amlphn\v ]cn]qWamb KpWfpv FXns _pn]camb sXfnhv ]cntim[nmw. {]Xynep Fmn\pw HpIn ]cn]qWamb Hcp KpWtam Asn A]qWXbp Hcp KpWtam \n_ambpw Dmbncnp pIbnsv ]dbsSpIbmsWn, CXn cmatXv (A]qWamb KpWw) Bcm[\l\mb cnXmhntev tNp ]dbptm AXv AbYmyamIpp. AXpsIm mWv hn{Klp tIpI, ImWpI, D]Imctam D]{Zhtam sNpI, krjvSnpI, klmbnpI, XpSnbh smpw IgnbpIbn F \yq\XIfpXp \nanw Ahsb Bcm[y\mpXv hyYamsWv Amlp hyampXv. Atm cmas \yq\Xbp KpWw hnêambm]ns Hmas ]cn]qWamb KpWap Xmbn ncoIcnsSpp. AXpam{Xa krjvSnv ]cn]qWamb KpWapsv A\p`hwsImpw sXfnhpsImpw ncs bmYmy amIpp. AmlphmWv Ahv AXv km\nXv Fncns Ah\mWv AXn Ghpw ]cn]qWambh. Amlphn\v ]cn]qWamb KpWfpv FXns {]IrXnsXfnhv icnbmb _pnbph Amlphns\ kvt\lnpXpw alXzsSppXpw, Bcm[\bn
39
pXpsamw {]IrXnbpsS tXamIpp. ChnsS Xs Bcm[y\pw kwcI\pamb Amlphn\v A\ptbmPyhpw ]cn]qWhpamb KpW Dv FXmbn AdnmemsX CjvSsSpItbm alXzsSppItbm Bcm[npItbm sNpIbn. Amlphn\v ]cn]qWamb KpWfpv FXn\v Fa sXfnhpIfpv. Amlp ]dbpp: Xm\msX bmsXmcp Bcm[y\panmh\mb Amlphm Wh. AZriyhpw Zriyhpw Adnbph\mIpp Ah. Ah ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm\n[nbpamIpp. Xm\msX bmsXmcp Bcm[y\panm AmlphmWh. cmPm[n Imcaph\pw ]ca]cnip\pw kam[m\w \evIph\pw A`bw \ev I ph\pw tat\mw hlnp h\pw {]Xm]nbpw ]cam[nImcnbpw alXzaph\pamIpp Ah. Ah ]ptNpXn \nsmw Amlp F{Xtbm ]cnip! {kjvSmhpw \namXmhpw cq]w \Iph\pamb Amlphs{X Ah. Ah\v Ghpw Daamb \mafpv. BImifnepw `qanbnepaph Ahs alXzs {]Ionpp. Ah\s{X {]Xm]nbpw bpnam\pw. (Alivd: 2224) asmc[ymbn: ""BImifnepw `qanbnepw Ghpw DXamb Ah bpXv AhmIpp.'' (Adqw: 27) asmc[ymbn: ""AmlpAh\msX ssZhan. Fspw Pohnncn ph. Fmw \nb{nph. (A_Jd: 255) "" AhmIpp DX\pw alm\pambnph. '' (Aiviqdm: 4) \_n(r) ]dbpIbpmbn: ""tl a\pjytc, \n \nfpsS tZltfmSv anXXzw ImWnphn. \n hnfnp {]mYnpXv _[ncs\tbm
40
knlnX\mhs\tbm A. adnv tIphpw ImWphs\bpamWv \n hnfnp {]mnpXv . \nbambpw \n hnfnph \n Hmtcmcp cpsSbpw hml\ns (HIw t]mephbpsS) Igpns\ m Aht\mSv ASpaph\mIpp. (Alv a Zv 18774, _p : 3887, ap : 4873) aqv : Aw AwKoIcnmsX shdpw kmtXnI ]Zfnep hnizmkw am{XamWv apKmanIfpsS amKsa AhcpsS hnizmkw ke^pIfpsStaep AhcpsS Btcm]Whpw s]mbmb hnizmkhpamIpp. FpsIms m Amlphns hntijWfpsS ]Zhpw Ahpw Ghpw IqSpX AdnbpXpw Amlphpw Ahs {]hmNI\pw DtinX\pkcnv Amlphnv tbmPnp Aw ncoIcnv aphp ]TnnXpw Cu kapZmbnse ke^pIfmWv. \mev: \_namcpsS A\cmhIminIfmWv apKmanI. bYmhnizmknsbpw ssZhnI ktinsbpw DdhnSfn \nmWh Imcy a\nemnbncnpXv. Fm Cu ]nKmanIfmIs Anbmcm[Icn \npw, _lpssZh hnizmknIfn \npw ]ng PqXmcn \npw, {KopImcn \npamWv AhcpsS Adnhv t\SnbncnpXv. Fncns Anbmcm[IcpsSbpw, _lpssZhhnizmkn IfpsSbpw, PqXmcpsSbpw {KopImcpsSbpw AhcpsS kXnIfptSbpsamw A\chIminIsfs\bmWv \_namcpsS A\cmhIminIsfm Amlphns \mahntijWsfn IqSpX AdnbpXv?! Av: Adnhnepw bpnbnepw apKmanIfpsS amKt m Imcyw a\nemm Cu AhnthIn GsXmcp amKsbmtWm t{ijv S sSppXv , B amKw kzoIcnpIbpw {]hmNIs amKs AhKWnpIbpw
41
42
aptJ\ Ah ]cn{àNncpw BibpgneI shcpamIpp. ChcpsS ]cyhkm\w sNspXv hyamnsmv AhcpsS t\Xmmcnsemcmfmbncp Camw dmkn ( )
]dbpXv t\mpI. _pnbpsS aptns Ayw _\amWv. temIcpsS A[nI {]h\hpw amK{`wiamWv. \psS Bm \psS icocnse GImXbnemWv. \psS sFlnI PohnXnse t\w _pnappw tihpamWv. aph ]dsXms tiJcnpshmsX ZoLamb \psS BbpjvImes At\zjWn \nv \apsmcp D]Imchpw e`nn. XpSv Atlw Cs\ ]dp: XZznjbIambn (Amlphns \mahntijWsf pdnv) hN\ imkv{X ]nXmcpw XXzimkv{Xmcpw kcn hgnIsfpdnv Rm ]cntim[np. Fm Ah tcmKnbpsS tcmKw kpJsSpmt\m, Zmlms Zmlw iannmt\m ]nb bmsXmpw F\nXn Zinm km[nn. hnipJpB\ns amKw F{X kphyw. ""]caImcpWnI knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mbncnpp. (Xzml:5) ""AhtemWv (Amlphntev ) Da hN\ IbdntmIpXv.'' (^mXzn:10) A{]Imcw Amlp Ahv C Fdnbnhbn C{]Imcw hmbnmhpXmWv. ""Ah\pXpeyambn bmsXmpan.'' (Aiviqdm: 11) ""Ahv Ahs\n bmsXmpw ]qWambn Adnbm\mhp Ibn.'' (Xzmlm: 110)
43
44
XpSv Atlw ]dp: Rm DmlnXpt]mse hhcpw DmlnpIbmsWn Rm\dnXv t]mse Ahpw Adnbm IgnbpXmIpp.
(5)
X hgntISnepw A]Y kmcnepamsWv kzbw kXnp ChcpsS amKw Fns\bmWv kcnXcmb {]hmNImsc ]npSv Amlp Adnhpw XXzm\hpw I\ncpfnb kmKns [zPhmlIcpw AIm cnse Zo]fpambn apKmanIfpsS amKtm Daamb amKamhpI? bYm hnizmkhpw hkv X p\n jv T amb Adnhpw Icamnb Chsc, aphcpambn XmcXaysSpph enpI. AXn\m apKmanIfpsS amKw kpcnXhpw ]nKmanIfn Nne ]dbpp: "" A m l p h n s (_mlyamb)s\ hntijWfn apKmanIfpsS amKw {]amWfn h ]Z AtX{]Imcw Ahbnse DtinmsX hnizknemIpp. Cu hmNIw AtX]Sn kzoIcnmhX. ImcWw hmv hniZoIcWamhiysSpp. bmsXmnt\mSpw kmZriyamm \nebn Amlphn\v A\ptbmPyamb hntijWfmWv
apKmanIfpsS amKspdnv ]nKmanIfn NnecpsS A`n{]mbw
hkvXp\njvThpw khpamIppshv hyamIpp.
gX
gX F
gX
FXpsImv
DtinpXv Fn AXpXsbmWv bYm hnh. CX Dtiysav Fv hhcpw a\]qhw hnizknp ]dbpIbmsWn Atlw ]ngh\mIpp. Cu ]ng hnizmkw apKmanIfpsS hnizmkamsWv Ahcntev tNv ]dbpIbmsWn Abm \pWbt\m sXp]n bht\m BIpp. Nne hnNmcnpXpt]mse Amlphns hntijW
5. Camw dmkn (d) Ah-km-\-Im-e-L--n cNn AJvkm-ap--mv F {K-n \nv/ Amam apl-Zv A-A-ao io-Xzn-bpsS AfvhmD _bm F X^vko hmfyw 7 t]Pv 383
sf
{]Xyn
Amlphns
krjvSnItfmSv
kmZriysSppIbmWv DtinpsXn AXv Hcnepw DtinsSm ]mSnmXmIpp. A{]Imcw B ]Z

sS Akm[yamb ImcyamIpp. kpnsbpw hN\ Hcnepw
45
46
Adnbnpn. ImcWw Amlp krjvSnItfmSv kmZriy JpB\nsbpw Akm[yamb
ImcyamIm \nhrnbn. sXp]nsbpw {]kvXpX ]Zfn \nv hyamIpXv sXmb Cu BibamsWv hh\pw hnNmcnppshn Abmv sXp]n. bYmn Cu kmtXnI ]ZsImv Dtin sSpXv Amlphnv A\ptbmPyhpw {]tXyIhpamb hntijW ncoIcnepamsWpw hyamn smSpWw. Cu hniZoIcWw aptJ\ \mw aqe{]amWv ]Znepw Anepw Ahblnp m\w \evInbncnpp.
kXyhpw AkXyhpw Iqnpgpp
YCG dG.
]nKmanIfn Nne ]dbpp: Amlphns hntijW fn ke^pIfpsS amKhpw Ah hymJym\nphcpsS amKhpw Xn hyXymksampan. ImcWw BbpItfm lZokpItfm Amlphns hntijWsfpdnv {]Xn]mZnpnm FXn Chscmhcpw GIm`n{]mb mcmWv. ]t kzn^mpIsf hymJym\nph AXn \ImWpIbpw AXns\ hymJym\nt BhiyapXmbn a\nemn AXns Dtiyeyw \nWbnpIbpw sNpp. Fm ke^pIfmIs kn^mXpIfpsS Dtiyey asmmbncn km[yXbpXn\m Ah \nWbnmsX Hgnp \nevpIbpw sNpp.'' CXv ke^pIfpsS taep hyamb IfhmIpp. FpsImsm Ahcnsemcmfpw Xs Amlphn\v tbmPnpXmb Ahs hntijWsfpdnp ]ZfpsS Adnbnp bmsXmpw \ntj[npn. adnv AhcpsS hmpIfn \nv samn Amlphns hntijWsf Ah Adnbnv XXv t]mse AwKoIcn phcmbpw Ah \ntj[npItbm Amlphns\ Ahs
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48
krjvSnItfmSv kmZriysSppItbm sNphsc AkzoIm cyambn ImWpIbpw sNpXmbmWv t_m[yam IpXv . {]kn lZokv ]nX\mb Camw _pJmcnbpsS Kpcp\mY Alm^nfv \psFap_v\p lmZn JpkmCu ]dXp t]mse. Amlphns\ krjv S nItfmSv kmZriysSpph AhnizmknbmIpp. Amlp Ahs\pdnv hntijnnn pXns\ \ntj[nph\pw Ahnizmkn bpamIpp. Amlphpw Ahs {]hmNI\pw Amlphns\pdnv hntijnnnph A{]Imcw a\nem kmZriysSp emIpn. Amlphns kn^pIsf ncoIcnp ke^pI (apKmanI) Ah hymJym\nphtcmSv tbmPnpn. Ah (hymJym\nphsc) Amlphns kn^pI ncoIcnm thn Amlphns\ krjvSnItfmSv kmZriysSpphcpw Amlphn\v icocapsv hmZnphcpamsWv ke^pIfpsS ta Nne ]nKmanI Btcm]npp. BbpItfm lZokpItfm Amlphns hntijW sf pdnv {]Zn]mZnpnm F Imcyn apKmanI Chcpambn tbmPnphcmbncpsn Ah Chsc FXncmfnIfmpItbm Amlphns KpWsf kmZriy sSpphcpw Ahbhfmbn \ncq]np hcpambpw IpsSppItbm sNpambncpn. Amlphns \mahntijWfn h Bbp Isfbpw lZokpIsfbpw kw_nv apKmanIfn \nv s]mXphmbXpw {]tXyIambXpamb A`n{]mbw {]knamWv. AXns\bmWv. ""Amlphns hntijW {]amWfn hnp Xp{]Imcw cq] kev]anmsX hniZoIcWw sImSppI'' F hN\w kp{]knamWv. Camw aIvlq ( ( ( ), Camw amenIp_v\p A\kv ( ), Camw sseYv_\p kAZv ( ), Camw kplvco ) ), Camw kp^vbm\pucn ), Camw AukmCu (
apKmanI Fp ]dp
apXembhcn \npamWv C{]Imcw DcnsSpXv. Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[nphpw, Ahsb krjvSnItfmSv kmZriysSpphpap J\aSnbncnpp "" { ] a m W f n tahN\n. {]Imcw Atm hnpXv hniZoIcWw
sImSppI'' FXn Amlphns hntijWsf

hp J\hpapv.
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50
\ntj[nphp J\amWv. ""cq] k]anmsX'' FXn Amlphns hntijWsf kmZriysSpp
""\maXv hnizknpIbpw AwKoIcnpIbpw sNpp. AXn\v cq]tam Atam C.'' FXns adp]Snsbm sWv tNmZyapmtbmw. CXn\v \mw C{]Imcw adp]Sn \pp. bYmn Plvanbmfpw Amhcpamb
A{]Imcw JpB\pw \_nhN\fpamIp {]amW fn ]cmainsnp KpWhntijWsfmw Amlphns alXzn\v \ncp hn[n apKmanI ncoIcnppshXn\p sXfnhpIqSnbmWv ta hN\w. cv amKfneqsS AXv hyamIpp:
kn^mpIsf \ntj[nph BhnjvIcnsSp AsbmWv Camw AlvaZv ( ) ChnsS \ntj[npXv. Cu AYw aptJ\ Ah JpB\pw \_nhN\fpamIp {]amWfn ]cmainsnp KpWhntijWfpsS _mlyamb An\p FXncmIp Aw \evIn hfsmSnpIbmWpmbXv. tahnhcnXn \npw Camw AlvaZv ( ) Ahpw
Hv:
{]amWfn hnpXp{]Imcw hniZoIcWw
sImSppI'' FXns Aw Ah GXfnemtWm hnpXv. AtX{]Imcw \ne\npI FXmIpp. Amlphns alXzn\v \ncp As
ncoIcnpXn\mWv Ah hnpsXXn bmsXmcp kwibhpan. apKmanI Ahv Aw I]npn msbn Ah "" A h b p s S ]Zs hniZoIcWw sImSppI, An CSs]ScpXv'' Ftm atm Bbn cpp ]dtbnbncpXv.
cq]hpw \ntj[nXv ]phmZnIfmb Amlphns Spp(G)hpap J\amsWv hyw.
kn^mpIsf \ntj[np(G)hpw, Ah kmZriys
A{]Imcw Camw aplZp_v\p lk Ass_m\n ( )bpsS ""JpB\nepw \_n(r)bn \nv hnizmktbmKy amb \nebn hnp lZoYpIfnepw temI cnXmhns hntijWsfpdnp ]cmaisf hniZoIcWtam hW\tbm cq]k]tam kmZriysSptem IqSmsX hnizkntXpvF hnjbn IngpapX ]Snmdphscbp kh ]nXmcpw GtIm]nncnpp sh hN\spdnv {KImc(ssiJp Ckv e mw C_v\pssXanb ( ) ]dXpw Cmcyw XsbmWv AdnbnpXv. (aPvaqAv ^Xmhm hm: 5, t]Pv 50) AXmbXv ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXanb ( )
cv:
shv
""cq]kev]anmsX'' F apKmanIfpsS hmv
Amlphns kn^mpIfmbn JpB\n ]dnp hbpsS bYmamb An Xs ncoIcnpp hyampp. FpsImsm AhbpsS kqWamb Ahbm Amlphnepsv Ah hnizknpnmbncpsn Ahv cq] k]s \ntj[nt Bhiyapmbncpn. am{Xahpa ncoIcnsSm Hn\v kzamb Akv X nXzw C. Fncns AXns cq] k]s \ntj[npXv \ncIamIpp. {]kn ]nX\mb Camw AlvaZp_v\p l ( pdnv ]d hN\w )
]dbpIbpmbn: kcnXcmb {]hmNIm\pNcmcpw Ahsc ]npShcpw Amlphns kn^mpIsf a\nemn bXn\p hn]coXambn Ah \ntj[np ]phmZnIfmb Plvanbm kn^pIv \Inb hniZoIcWtbmWv Atlw ta hN\n DtinpXv.
Amlphns Hm\mImitp Cdw t]mepXns\

BbpIfpsSbpw lZokpIfpsSbpw cphn[apv Fv a\nemmw.
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52
CXn \npw Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp hniZoIcWw
Hv :
JpB\pw
kzoImcyamb
hniZoIcWw:
kcnXcmb
{]hmNIm\pNcmcpw Ahsc ]npShcpw kzoIcn \_nhN\fpamIp Amlphns {]amWtfmSv \ncp tbmPnp alXzn\v
hn[nep Aw ncoIcn.
cv :
AkzoImcyamb
hniZoIcWw:
kcnXcmb
{]hmNI\pNcmcpw Ahsc ]npShcpw Amlphns kn^mpIsf a\nemnbXn\p hn]coXambp hniZoIcWamWXv. Amlphns kn^mpIv cq]aptm? F
Amlphns HuXyw
Amlphns HuXysa hntijWw Ahs ZmXnbmb (AkvXnXz]camb) hntijWfns]XmWv. AXv cv hn[amIpp.
tNmZyn\v AXn\v cq]apv FmWv adp]Sn. ]t AXns cq]w \apv AmXamIpp. ImcWw Hcp hkvXphns cq]w \apv AdnbpXv AXns\ t\cntm Asn AXpt]mepXns\tbm ImWpXp aptJ\bmWv. AXsn AXns\pdnv hkvXp\njvTambn Adnbphcn \ntm BIpp. Cu amKsfmpw Xs Amlphns hntijWfpsS Imcyn km[ya AXpsImpXs apKmanI cq]an Fv ]dXns Aw Amlphns\ thsdmnt\mSv cq]sSpm ]mSn FmWv. adnv Ah Amlphns kn^mpIfpsS cq]sfs \ntj[nppshamnqSm Fp sImsm AXv Ahsbs \ntj[nemIpp.
1. GP AkvXnXznep HuXyw. 2. hntijWfnep HuXyw

Amlphns hntijWfnep HuXyw sImv DtinsSpXv , alXzntem khm[n]Xyntem AXsn `wKnbntem ]Zhnbntem GXnemsWnepw Amlp kKpW kqW\mWv FXmWv. Amlphns ZmXnep HuXyw sImp Dtiyw: Amlphns AkvXnXzw Fm krjvSnItfmfpw aosXbmWv FXmIpp. JpB\pw kppw CPvamDw {]IrXnbpw AXv kXnpp. JpB\nepw kpnepw AXphyamp [mcmfw sXfnhpI ImWmw. JpB Amlphns\pdnv HcnSv Amlphns HuXyamWv ]dbpsXn asmcnSv
7
YCG qdGh
_pnbpw

apIfnemsWpw thsdsbmcnSv Amlp ]dbpXv t\mpI:
53
54
knwlmk\n
]noSv cm{Xnbn \ntfmsSmw IgnpIqnbh (Amlphntev) IbdntmIpp. (_p: 522, ap:1001) ]Iense IafpsS apmbn cm{Xnbnse Ia Ahtev DbsSpp. A{]Imcw cm{Xnbnse IafpsS apmbn ]Iense Iafpw. (apkvenw: 263) AtX{]Imcw ap Nne efn ]eXpw Amlphn \nv CdpXmbpw JpB ]cnNbsSppp. Amlp ]dbpp: CXv temIcnXmhn \nv CdsXmIpp. (AlmJvJ:43) ]dbpI: \ns cnXmhn \nv AXv Cdnbncnpp. (Alv:102) cm{XnbpsS aqnsemcp`mKw _mn \nevp kabv A\p{KloX ]qW\pw DX\pamb \psS cnXmhv Hm\mImitv CdnhcpXmWv. (_p 1077, apkvenw: 1261) Amlp Fm krjvSnItfmfpw aosXbmsWv Cs\ [mcmfw BbpIfpw \_n(r)bpsS XncphN\fpw hyam nbncns AXn \n_ambpw \mw hnizknt XmIpp. Amlp BImip apIfn knwlmk\n\p aosXbmsWXn {]hmNIm\pNcmcpw bn Ahsc ]npShcpw (Xm_nDI) Alveppns CamapIfpw GtIm]nncnpp. AhcpsS hmpI JnXamb Ccw ]cmaisImv [\yamWv. Camw HukmCu ( Ah ) ]dbpIbpmbn: [mcmfw Xm_nDIfp apIfnemsWv
BtcmlnX\mIpXns\pdnpamWv {]kvXmhnnpXv.
Ah (Amlp) DX\pw alm\pamIpp (A_Jd:255) AXypX\mb \ns cnXmhns \maw {]IonpI (AAAvem:1) AhpaosXbp AhcpsS cnXmhns\ Ah `bsSpp. (Alv:50) ]caImcpWnI (Xzmlm:5) BImimph \nsf `qanbn Bgvnfbp hs\n \n \n`bcmbncnpIbmtWm? (AapIv:16) \_n(r) ]dbpIbpmbn. Aiv AXn\v (BImin\v) aosXbmIpp. (AlvaZv: 6564) Amlp Ain\paosXbmIpp. \n Fs hnizknpnstbm Rm BImin ephs hnizkvX\mIpp. (_pJmcn: 4004) AtX{]Imcw ap Nne efn ]eXpw Amlphn tev IbdpIbpw DbcpIbpw sNpXmbmWv JpB ]cnNbsSppXv. hyampp: AhtemWv (Amlphntev) Da hN\ IbdntmIpXmWv. (^mXzn: 10) aepIfpw Bmhpw Ahtev IbdntmIpp. (AaBcnPv:4) Fm Atls Amlp Ahtev DbpI bs{X sNbvXXv (AnkmAv:158) \_n(r) ]dbpIbpmbn: \XmsX Amlphntev IbdntmIpIbn (_pJmcn: 6878) Xmsg hcp hN\ Ah knwlmk\mtcmlnXI\mIpp.
mbncns R ]dbpambncpp Amlp Ahs\pdnv Ain\p(knwlmk\n\p) ]dncnpp. Amlphns hntijW sfpdnv kpn hnp Fmw \mw hnizknpp. Camw HukmCu ( ) CXv ]dXv Amlphns hntijW sfbpw HuXysbpw \ntj[np Plv a ns hmZw
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56
cwK{]thi\w sNbvXXn\v tijambncpp. C{]Imcw R ]dncpXv FpsImsm apKmanI Plvanbm fpsS Cu hmZn\v FXncmsWv P\ AdntbXn \mbncpp. Amlp BIminen Ftm Ahs Akv X nXzw sImv Fm epw Ah\pv Ftm Fm ehpw Ahs\ kw_nnStmfw Hcpt]msebmsWtm Ah Cu temIns Dntem ]pdtm BsWtm GsXnepsamcp hkv X phnt\mSv tNncnppshtm hnp\nppshtm Ah\ntev BwKyw ImWncpXv Ftm apKmanIfn \nv Hcmfpw Xs ]dnn. {]XypX krjvSnIfn Amlphns\pdnv Ghpw IqSpX Adnbp {]hmNI AhnSps hnShm ln Ad^m ssaXm\n ktfnncnp P\ kbtmSv AhnsS shv Amlp Xnte]n ktiw Fnp sImSpXn\v Xs cnXmhns\ kmn \nn sImv ]dbpIbpmbn. (Amlpsh \o kmnbmWv)... (_pJmcn 1625, apkvenw 2137) C\n _pn]cambn t\mpIbmsWn icnbmb _pn cp \nev Amlp Xs AkvXnXzw sImv krjvSnIfpsS ta HuXyw t\Snbh\mIppshv hnizkn \n_amsWdnbnpp. Hv: DXvIjX FXv Hcp ]cn]qWamb hntijW amIpWv. Amlp Fm hn[nepw ]cn]qWambncnpI FXv \n_amIpp. Atm A\p{KloX ]qW\pw DX\pamb Amlphn\v HuXysa hntijWhpw A\nhmcyamWv. cv: DX\mIpI FXns hn]coXamWtm
hn]coXamb DXambhs\ hntijWw Ah\v nc sXpamIpp. C\n {]IrXn]camsWn: Ad_nIsfbpw A\d_nIsf bpsa arKsfbSw Fm krjvSnIsfbpw ]SnpXv Amlphnepw Ahs HuXynepw hnizknt \nebnemWv. AXn\m GsXmcSnabpw {]mY\ aptJ\tbm Bcm[\bnpXv aptJ\tbm Xs cnXmhntev Xncnbppshn HuXyw Ah \ymbambpw CStmtm Amlphns hetmtm IspIbpw
XncnbmsX D]cn`mKtv Ahs lrZbs XncnpIbpw sNpw. ]nimNpfpw tZtlbpw hgnsXnh\msX Cu {]IrXnbpsS tXn \nv sXntmhpIbn. A_p aBen A Ppssh\n Atlns kZn C{]Imcw ]dbpambncpp: ""Amlp Dmbncpp asmpw Dmbncpn. Ah apv GsXmchbnemtWm DmbncpXv Ctmgpw B Ahbn XsbmIpp.'' AYhm Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mbncnppshXv \ntj[npIbmWv Cu hmv aptJ\ Atlw sNpXv. DSs\ A_qPA^dp laZm\n ]dbpIbpmbn: ""Ains\pdnv RtfmSv ]dtbXnImcWw AXv {]amWfm ncsXmIpp {]IrXym \psS lrZbfne\p`hsSp Cu tXspdnv Rv ]dpXcq. Amlpth, Fv GsXmcmfpw AdnpsImv ]dbppshn {]IrXym Ahs lrZbn DX\mb Amlphnt\mSp tXapmIpp. Ah CStmtm hetmtm XncnbpIbn. {]IrXnbne\p`hsSp Cu tXs \apv Fs\ Xn\om Ignbpw?'' DSs\ A_p aBen Xebn ASnpsImv \nehnfnv C{]Imcw ]dp: ""laZm\nsbs Bibpgnemnbncnpp. lamZm\nsbs Bibpgnemnbncnpp.'' shv ]dbpIbpmbn:
Xmgvh\mhpI FXv. Xmgvh\mbncnpI FXv \yq\XbpsS hntijWhpamWv. AmlphmsWn A\yq\\mIpp. FXpsImp Xs Xmgvh\mIpI F \yq\XbpsS KpWn \nv Ah ]cnip\pw AXns

apIfnemsWv ncoIcnphbmWv. Fm Amlphns hN\fmb
57
58
ta ]d Cu Ap sXfnhpI FmwXs Amlp
1) Ah XsbmWv BImifnepw `qanbnepw kmm Bcm[y. \npsS clkyhpw ]ckyhpw Ah Adnbpp. (AABw:3) 2) Ah\mIpp BImiv Bcm[y\mbph\pw `qanbn Bcm[y\mbph\pw (ApJvdq^v: 84) ta]d ChbpsSsbmw kmcw, Amlp BImin epXpt]mse `qanbnepapv Fne. Bscnepa s\ k]npItbm ]qhnIcn \nv DcnpItbm sNppshn Ah\v A_w ]nWbpIbpw Dcnh Ifhp]dbph\pamIpp. bYmn Hmas Bbns kmcw: BImi pw `qanbnepw Bcm[y\mbph AmlphmIppsh XmWv. Ah cnepap Fm krjvSnIfpw Ahs\bmWv Bcm[npXv. asmc`n{]mbn ta Bbns Aw Amlp BIminemIpp. tijw Amlp ]dp: `qanbn \nfpsS clkyhpw ]ckyhpw Ah Adnbpp. (AABw: 3) FXmWv. AYhm Amlp BImifn emWpXv FXv Ah \nfpsS clkyfpw ]ckyfpw AdnbpXn\v XSamIpn. cmas Bbns hnh: Amlp BImiv Bcm[y\mbph\mIpp. `qanbnepw Bcm[y\mbp h\mIpp. AYhm Amlp BImimWpsXnepw BIminepw `qanbnepw Ah Bcm[y\mIppshw. DZmlcWambn Hcm abnse `cWm[nImcnbmIpp. aZo\bnepw `cWm[nImcnbmIpp. Fv ]dbpXv t]mse ChnsS `cWm[nImcn CXntesXnepsamcp esW nepw AbmfpsS `cWw AhcnepmIpp. CXv `mjm]c ambpw icnbmb {]tbmKamWv.
Zni (eImew)
Cu A[ymbn Amlphn\v Xmgv ` mKw ta`mKw XpSnb ZniIfptm Ct? Fv hniZamm\mWv \mw DtinpXv. Cu hnjbn Ghpw icn: s]mXphn Amlphn\v Znibpv Ftm Cm Ftm ]dbmXncn emWv. adnv A]w hniZoIcntXpv. Xmgv`mKamWv Dtiyasen Amlphns\ kw_nn Stmfw CmXpw ]SnmXpamIpp. ImcWw Fm\nepw Amlp Ahs kbnepw KpWnepw tatebmbncn \n_amIpp. Ahs\ hebw sNbvXpsImp ta`mKamWv
Dtiysan AXv Amlphns\ kw_nnStmfw CmXpw ]mSnmXpamIpp. ImcWw Amlphns GsXnepsamcp krjvSn Ahs\ hebw sNpXn \npw Ah Ghpw almbh\pw DX\pamIpp. am{Xa, Ahs "]mZ ]oTw' (Ipknv) BImi`qanIsf apgph DsmpXmbncns Fs\bmWnXnp IgnbpI? Dbnsgptev]ns \mfn `qan apgph Ahs Hcp ]nSnbn HXppXmbncnpw. BImi Ahs heXv In Npcpn ]nSnshbpambncnpw. Ah\s{X
YCG dG

bncnpp. (Apa: 67)
59
60
]cnip! Ah ]ptNpXns\mw Ah AXoX\m
Hv:
AqdG kamAv (D]cn`mKw) FXpsImp hnh AqdG

FXn\v Cu
apIfn FmIpw. Atm AXns Aw Amlp apI `mKpmIppshmbncnpw hcnI. t\mq. "" A h \nfpsS ta BImiv \nv shw AYw JpB\n Xs hnpapv. Amlp ]dbpXv
Fm Amlphns alXzn\pw HuXyn\pw \ncp hn[n Ahs\ hebw sNmsXbp `mKamWv Dtiysan AXv A\nhmcyambpw Ah\v ncs XmIpp. ssiJv A_q aplZv A_vZnJmZn Poem\n ( Atlns AKpb: F {Kn ]dbpp: "" A h ( A m l p ) a p I ` m K v k n w l m k \ n BtcmlnX\pw Ahs B[n]Xyw Fm hkvXpsfbpw hebw sNpIbpw sNbv X ncnpp.'' AXmbXv Ah khm[n]Xnbpw A\p{Kl]qW\pamsWYw. Amlphns GsXnepsamcp krjvSn Ahs\ hebw sNpXns\ \n \ntj[npIbmsWn Amlp Ahs\pdnv Ah BIminemsWv Ahs {Kn eqsSbpw Ahs ZqXs \mhneqsSbpw hyampIbpw apkvenw kaqlw Cu hnjbn GtIm]npIbpw sNbvX Xns\ Ipdnv Fp]dbpp? Fp tNmZnm AXn\p adp]SnsbmWv? Amlp BImimWv FXn\v BImiw Ahs\ hebw sNppshan. As\ hhcpw kzw Aw \evIppshn Ah ]nghcmIpp. AX aphhcn tepw tNn sImv ]dXmsWn AXv sXmbXpw IfhpamIpp. FpsImsm Amlphns alXzhpw Fm krjvSnIsfbpw Ah hebw sNbvXncnppshpw Dbnsgpt]ns \mfn `qan apgph Ahs Hcp ]nSnbn HXppXmbncnpsapw {KfpsS GSpI Npcpp {]Imcw BImis Ah Npcpnfbpsapw Adnbp HcmfpsS Nnbnepw Amlphns krjvSnIfnte sXnepsamv Amlphns\ hebw sNm aXnbmbXm sWv Ahs a\nepXn pIbnXs. Cu ASnm\n Amlp BIminemWv FXv Xmsg hcp cn GsXnepsammIpw. )
sNmcnbpIbpw sNpp.'' (AA^m:11) AXmbXv apIfn \nv Fv hnh. taLn \nmWtm ag s]pXv.
AqdG ^namC (BImin) FXnse (ô) AYhm "' FXns Dtiyw nY (Aem) F hym]Iamb
cv: AnemWv. AX\pkcnv BImin\papIfn FamIpw.
"ô'
FXn\v
nY "Aem' F Ahybn
""aosX'' F Aw JpB\nepw apw [mcmfw en hnpapv. Amlp ]dbpXv t\mq. "AXn\m `qanbneqsS btYjv S w kcnpsImpI' (Au_:2) AYhm `qanbpsS apIfneqsS Fw.
61
62
Atm Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mbncnpp shXns Aw Ahs alXzn\v \ncp coXnbn
10
AXnt
BtcmlnX\mbncnppshmWv.
CXv
hnipJpB\pw kppw CPvamDw hyamnb Amlphns ^nAvenmb (Ia]camb) hntijWamIpp. JpB\n \np sXfnhv, Amlp ]dbpp:
Amlphns knwlmk\mtcmlWw
]caImcpWyI knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mbncnpp. (Xzmlm:5) kpn \np sXfnhv: Jm Xs "Ap'' F {Kn Camw _pJmcnbpsS \n_\sb kzlolmb ]ccbneqsS Dcnpp. JXmZ C_v\p \pAvam (t) \nthZ\w, \_n(r) C{]Imcw
BtcmlWw sNpI FYw \evInb ]cn]qWXsb Ipdnp hyXykvX
AGSEG
]dbpXmbn Rm tIncnpp. Amlp krjv S nn FXv \npw hncantm Ahs knwlmk\n ) Xs BtcmlnX\mIpIbpmbn. CXv, C_v\pJnw ( ]dbppv. (apJvXkdp Dephv:1/75) ssiJv A_qaplZv A_vZpJmZn Poem\n ( )
AYfn
]dbmdpv. JpB\n CXv aqv coXnbn hnpv. 1. B ]Zw thsd Hpambn tNphcmsX \ncp]m[nIw ]db. kqdp Jkknse 14mw hN\n ht]mse. Amlp ]dbpp: ""As\ Atlw (aqkm \_n ( u) in{]m]npIbpw ]mIX FpIbpw sNbvXtm'' AXmbXv ]qWambtm, 2. "tev ' FYw hcp ( E G) "Cem' FXnt\mSv tNpsImv. Amlp ]dbpp: "" ] p d s a Ah BImins t\v X n c n p . ''
CPvXnamC Ppbqkn Ckveman F {Kn t]: 34
]dbpp: Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\msWXv Fm {]hmNI mpw AhXcnnsnp {Kfn ]dbs ImcyamIpp. Amlp
"Ain'
BtcmlWw sNbvXpshXn
Alveppn hPamAnSbn Xan. Ahcnsem cmfpw Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\ Fv ]dntbn. As\ Ah ]dXmbn ASnm\ ]cambn Hcmpw Dcnm km[yhpa. Camw amenIv ( )tbmSv Hcm CnjbIambn tNmZnpIbp
(A^pneXv:11) AXmbXv ]qWamb DtiytmsS. 3. "apIfn' Fw hcp
nY
("Aem') FXnt\mSv
tNpsImv Amlp ]dbpp: "" A h b p s S ] p d v \ n C c n p d n p h m \ p w . . . '' (ApJv d q^v : 13) Atm AXns Aw HuXyhpw ncXbpamWv. ChnsS Amlp Ahs knwlmk\n
mbn. Atbm A_q A_vZn
iSG TdG Y MqdG (]cImcp
WnI knwlmk\n BtcmlnX\mWv) Fs\bmWv BtcmlnX\mbXv ? DSs\ Atlw hnbpIpfnv Xe Xmtgmmn \n_vZ\mbncpp. ]noSv ]dp:
63
64
BtcmlnX\mIpI FXv kphyw. AXns cq]w AmXhpamWv. AXn hnizknemIs \n_ hpamIpp. AXns\pdnv tNmZnpXv _nZv A mWv . \nssbmcp _nZvApImc\mbnmsX Rm ImWpn. tijw Abmsf Atlns kZn \npw ]pdmm I]npIbpw sNpIbpmbn. C{]Imcw Camw amenIv ( Dcnsncnpp. ChnsS Camw AhI ]d )bpsS aI d_oAbn \npw
]dbpp. AXn\m AXv AwKoIcnepw hnizknepw \n_amWv.
Y~H Y GDdGh
At\zjn
(AXns\pdnv tNmZnpXv _nZvAm _nZvAmIpp. \_n(r )bpsStbm
Ipp) Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mbXns cq]w AhnSps A\pNcmcpsStbm Imcyfn Ccw Hcp tNmZyapm bnn. Amlphns knwlmk\mtcmlWss\pdnv Camw
Z GSEG (BtcmlnX
amenIv ( ncs
) ]d Cu s]mXp AfhptImeneqsSbmWv Fm KpWhntijWsfpdnpw \mw
\mhpI FXv AdnbsSmX) FXns Dtiyw `mjbn AXns Aw AdnbsSmX FmIpp. CkvXnhmAv Fm `mjbneXns Aw HuXyhpw ncoIcWhpamWv.
JpB\nepw {]hmNIs \mhneqsSbpw Amlphn\pXmbn hnizkntXv. AhbpsS `mjm]camb Aw \apv AdnbmhpXmWv Fm AhbpsS cq]samsWv (ssI^nbv) \apv AmXamIpp. FpsImsm {]] {kjvSmhmb Amlphns KpWhntijW sfpdnv Ah \apv AdnbnpXnpv. Fm AhbpsS cq]samsWv (ssI^nbv ) Ah \apv AdnbnpXnn. am{Xhpa Amlphns KpWhntijW fnep N Amlphns kbnep NbpsS `mKw XsbmIpp. bmsXmcp cq]k]hpanmsX Amlp hns ksb \mw AwKoIcnppshn AXv Ahs KpWhntijWfpsS Imcyepw cq]k]an msX AwKoIcntXmIpp. Nne ]nXm ]dbpIbpmbn: Amlp Hm\mImi tv Cdnhcpw. Fs\bmWv CdpI? Fv Amlp hns KpWhntijWsf \ncmIcnp Plv a nbmfn emscm \ntmSv \apv tNmZnpIbmsWn, AdnbnpXncnpp Amlp Fm Cdpsav
e Z dGh
(AXns
cq]w
AmXhpamWv)
FXnsbw \psS Adnhpw bpnbpw _pnbpw shpsImv kh NcmNcfpsSbpw {kjvSmhmb Amlp Fs\bmWv knwlmk\n BtcmlnX\mIpsXv \apdnbm km[ya. AXp \apdnbm IgnbpI Amlphns {]hmNIs \mhn \np A[ym]\w sImv am{XamWv. Amlp BtcmlnX\mIpXns cq]w {]hmNI\n \nv DcnsnnXm\pw. _pn]chpw {]amWhpamb Cu cp sXfnhpIfpw CmXmbm ]ns AXv AmXhpambn ocpp. AXpsImpXs AXns\pdnv au\wZon \n_amIpp.
LGh H EGh (AXn hnizknemIs \n_amIpp)

Amlp Ahs alXzn\v \ncp coXnbn knwlmk\n BcqV\mIppshv \mw hnizkn \n_amWv. ImcWw Amlp Ahs alXzn\v \ncp coXnbn knwlmk\n BtcmlnX\mIp pshv \mw hnizkn \n_WmWv. ImcWw Amlp Ahs\pdnv Ah knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mIppshv
Fs\bmWndpI Fv \apv Adnbnp Xnn FmWhtcmSv \o ]dtbXv. thsd Nne ]nXm ]dbpIbpmbn: Amlphns KpWfn GsXnepsamcp hntijWspdnv AXns
65
66
cq]w Fs\bmWv? Fv Plvanbmfnsemcm tNmZnpI bmsWn tNmZyImhnt\mSv Amlphns kbpsS cq]w Fs\bmWv? Fp tNmZntXmIpp. Hcnepw Abmv Amlphns ksb cq]sSpm km[npIbn. Xkabw tNmZyImhnt\mSv ]dbpI Amlphns ksb cq]sSpm km[ya FXp t]mses Ahs hntijWsfbpw cq]sSpm km[ya Xs. FpsImsm hntijWw hntijy s A\pKanpXmIpp. Amlp Ain\p apIfn BtcmlnX\mbncn pIbm sWn \n_ambpw Ah knwlmk\tm HpIn henbh\mbncnWw AXsn sNdptXm AXpasn AXnt\mSv Xpey hepapht\m Bbncn tXmbnhcpw. tZlaps\v As\bmsWn Amlphn\v Amlphns\ AwKoIcntnhcpw.
\nb{nph\pamb Amlphn\v tNcmXmsWXn kwibnhImian. adnv Amlphns alXzn\v tbmPnp \nebnep tZlsbmWv DtinpsXn AXv Amlphns\ kw_nnStmfw Akw`hya. FpsImsm Amlp kzbw kqW\pw Ahs alXzn\v tbmPnp \nebn Fm hntijWfmepw Ah alXzap h\pamIpp. ]t, Pnkvav (tZlw) F hN\w hmkvXhhpw AhmkvX hpamb AY hcm km[yXbpXn\m s]mXpsh CXv Amlphntev tNp]dbm ]mSnmXmIpp. Amlp Ahv DXmbn ncoIcn ]cn]qWamb hntijWsf \ntj[npXn\v _nZvAns hm ]d \ymb cphn[amWv. Hv: Amlphns ]cn]qWXbpsS FXncmImh. AXv kzoImcyamb bmYmYyamIpp. AXv Amlphns\ kw_nnStmfw Akw`hya Fpw hniZamtXpv. cv: Amlphns ]cn]qWXbv v FXncmhph. CXv AkXyambXn\m \ntj[n \n_amIpp. ImcWw AtXmsSmw cpw Ah hnipJpB\n\pw kpn\pw ISIhncpamsWv hyamtXpv. Ah AXns
kw_nnStmfw tZlapmIpI FXv Akw`hy amIpp. Fv hhcpw ]dbpIbmsWn, AXn\p adp]Sn CXmIpp. Amlp knwlmk\tm F Fmnt\ mfpw henbh\mIppshXn kwiban. ]t CXpsImv \ncYIamb hXpw Amlphn\psv hcpn. ""Amlphns\ kw_nnStmfw tZlapmIpI FXv Akw`hyamIpp'' F hmns\ kw_nv ]dbm\pXv Amlphn\v tZlapv Fv ncoIcnepw \ntj[nepw JpB\ntem kpntem ]qhkqcnIfpsS hN\fntem Cm _nZv A mIpp. bYmn Amlphns Pnkvav (tZlw) F hN\w hniZoIcWw Bhiyamb HmWv. Hcp Ahbhw atXns\ B{ibnp coXnbnep Ahbh LS\bnemWv Amlphns Pnkvav (tZlw) Fmscnepw Dtinppshn AP\pw Fmw
Bibfpw bmYmyfmIpp. bYmamb Imcyn \nsmcnepw AbYmyapmIpI ]mSnmXmWtm. Amlphns knwlmk\mtcmlWs AXntep Ahs HuXysav hnhcnm Amlphns\ hlnpI F Bhiynmbn Ains klmbw Bhiyambn hcpw F sXpmcWbpmtbpw Fv hhcpw ]dm AXn\p adp]Sn: Amlphns almyhpw ]cn]qW inbpw Ahs kzbw kqWXbpw Adnbp
GsXmcphsbpw a\n Amlphns\ hlnt
67
68
Bhiynmbn Ahv knwlmk\ns Bhiyapsv tXmm km[yXbn. FpsImsm knwlmk\hpw ap krjv S nIfpsamw Ah\ntev Bhiyaphcpw, Ahs\qSmsX Hn\pw \ne\n]nmXpw, Ahs I]\{]Imcw BImihpw `qanbpw \ne\nphcpXpw Ahs ZrjvSmfn s]XmWv. Fncns ]nss\ bmWncw kwibfpmIpI? (Adpw:25) Amlphns hntijWsf \ncmIcnp \qX\ hmZnI hymJym\npXpt]mse ]Zn\v
kXnphcmIpp. Fm \mep Imcy ]qnbm bmemsX BemcnImw Dtinm ]mSn FXv Aemcimkv{Xn AwKoIrXamb \nbaamIpp. ( R ) Hv: hmNIns bYmY AYw amn BemcnImw \tI hyamb ImcWw hmNILS\
BhiysSWw. cv: `mjm]cambn ]Zn\v BemcnIw kzoIcnm km[yXbpXmbncnWw. aqv: hmNIns k`w BemcnImYw kzoIcnm km[yXbpXmbncnWw. D]tbmKnp tmsgmw BemcnImw ImcWw hmNIns hmNIs LS\bn
SG
AGSEG (CkvXnhmAv) F
(Ckv X uem) "A[nImctap' Fw
\IpXv icnbmIptam? F tNmZyn\v Xmsg ]dbp ImcWfm icnbmIpIbnsv hyamIpp. 1) Cu hmZ kXyamsWn CkvXnhmC\v AXns bYm Aw \ev I pXn\v XSamIpIbn. C\n hyYamb AamsWn JpB\nsbpw kpn sbpw {]amW_amb hymJym\amhpIbpan. As\ hh\pw IcpXppshn Ah ]ngh\mIpp. 2)
"CkvXnhmAv'
kzoIcn
A\nhmcyamIpn.
FpsImsm ]ZfpsS k`fpw kmlNcyfpw hmNIn hymJym\ km[yXbp Aw \evIm Nne k`fn XSamImdpv. \mev: BemcnImns eyw CXmsWv hyambncnWw. ImcWw Dtiy eyw asmmIm km[yXbpXn\m eyw hyamp sXfnhv IqSntb Xocq.
FXn\v
"CkvXoemAv'
A[nImctap alXzn\v
Fv hymJym\n ]qhnI sFIyIWv t T\ \Inb An\v hn]coXhpw Amlphns \ncmXpamIpp. Ah BImi `qanIsf krjvSn kabw knlmk\n BtcmlnX\spw Ah `qanbnep]hnjvS ambn Fp ]dbm km[yXbpapXn\mepw Cu hymJym\w XnftbXmIpp. 3)
"Ckv X nemAv '
YCG dG
TdG
(Aiv)
Fm `mjbn knwlmk\samWv.
bqkp^v \_n(u)sbpdnv JpB\n ]dbpp: Atlw Amlp Xs amXm]nXmsf cmP]oTnt
Ibnbncpn (bqkp^v:100). k_Cse cmnsbpdnv
(A[nImctap/B[n]Xyw m]np)
(I)
]dbpp:
F An B ]Zs hymJym\n Aaho `mjbv v AmXamWv . AXv ipAkw_hpamWv . JpB AhXcnXv Ad_n`mjbnemWv. Ad_n `mjbvv A]cnNnXamb coXnbn AXns\ hymJym\nmhX. Fv hymJym\nh AXv BemcnIw ( R)BsWv 4)
"CkvXnhmAv'
Ahv Kwòcamb Hcp knwlmk\apv. (k_Av:23) Fm Amlp Fm
(I)
BtcmlnX\mb knwlmk\amIs hebw sNbvXpInSp Hcp
krjvSnIsfbpw
FXn\v
(CkvXoemAv)
A[nImctap
almknwlmk\amIpp. AXv Fm krjv S nIsfmfpw DXhpw henbXpamIpp. A_qZdv (t) \nthZ\w sNp Hcp \_nhN\n ]dbpp: GgmImifpw Ggp `qanIfpw

hnimeamb acp`qanbn InSp Hcp
69
70
Amlphns Ipknbpambn _sSpptm Ah hfbs t]mseam{XamWv . Amlphns Ipkntbm Ahs knwlmk\ns t{ijvTX hnimeamb acp`qanbn InSp Hcp hfbst]msebmIpp. ssiJp Ckv e mw C_v \ pssXanb ( ^Xmhbn hnhn[ )bpsS aPv a pD
Ain)
11
TdG dSdG
( ),
(AcnkmeXp
F Camw Xs
A[ymbn Cu lZokv Dcntijw ]dbpp. Cu lZokv ]ccbneqsS Dcnsncnpp. C_v\plnm ( ) A_qlmXnw Camw
kzlolnepw, Camw AlvaZv ( Dcnncnpp.(10)
) apkv\Znepw ap ]ecpw
Amlp \psS IqsSbmWv

Amlp Ahs krjvSnIfpsS IqsSbmsWXv Ahs {Knepw Ahs {]hmNIs \mhneqsSbpw ncoIcn ImcyamIpp. hnipJpB ]dbpp: "" \ n FhnsSbmbncpmepw Ah \nfpsS
SdG
Ahs
(Ipkn)
Fm `mjbn Itkc/]oTw Fm m\amWv. AYhm
Ww. Fm Amlphns Ipkn Fv ]dbsSpXv cp Im]mZfpsS (]mZ]oTw) C_v\pAmkv(t) ]dbpp:

"Ipkn'
Fm Amlphns cp Im]mZfpsS Fm AXns\ Afm Amlphn
]oTamWv.
"Aiv'
\msX IgnbpIbn. (lmInw apkv X Zv d Iv : 3071 Atlw ]dbpp: Cu lZokv _pJmcnbpw apkv e napw dntmv sNbvXnnsnepw AhcpsS \n_\I HXmWv. Amlphns Ipknns\pdnv C_v\pAmkv (t)hn \npcns Cu hN\amWv Alveppn hPamAbpsS {]_eamb hnizmkw. Fm AXv Amlphns m\amsWv dntmv sNsnp A`n{]mbw kzoImcya. A{]Imcw lk ( t) hn \npw Amlphns Ipkn XsbmWv Aiv Fpcn snpXv Zp_ehpw AkzoImcyhpamIppshv Camw C_v\p IYo ( ) ]dbpp.
) hy-
IqsSbppXm\pw.'' (AlZoZv:4) AmlpkXyhnizmknIfpsS IqsSbmWv. (AA ^m:19) Xobmbpw Rm \nfpsS IqsSbpv. (Xzmlm:46) \_n( r ) ]dp: \o FhnsSbmbncpmepw Amlp \ntmsSmapv Fv \o AdnbemWv hnizmkntehpw t{ijvTambXv. Yu aebnse Kplbnencnptm \_n(r) IqpImct\mSv ]dbpIbpmbn. ZpxJnt Xobmbpw Amlp \psS IqsSbpv. (Au_:40) \_n(r)bpw AhnSps IqpImc A_q_ ( t)Dw
10) {K-Im-c\p-cn lZokv Zp_-eam-sWv ssiJv A_m\n ( -
am-p-p-v. Fm CtX Bi-bw-hcp asmcp \_n-hN\w Nne hyXymk--tfmS kzlo-lmbn D-cn--s-n-cn-p-p. knkn-e-p-z-lolx 109mw \ lZokv t\mp-I.

GIm`n{]mbmcmWv.
71
72

AXv AwKoIrX\nban Xs
Cu kapZmbns ]qhnIcpw CamapIfpw Cmcyn
bYmn
s]XmIppshXmWv hkv X pX. ImcWw Ad_n`mjm ]Zn\v hyXykv X AIev ] \bmWv \ev I nbnpXv . ]Zns ASnm\ms ]cnKWn adnv hmNIns LS\bpw k`hpa\pkcnv AXns eyw amdpXmWv. ]t CXv AwKoIrX \nbans Hcp{]tXyI C\n s]XmbXn\m ]Zs {]tXyIsSpp XpsImv hntcm[an. ta]dXv AXns t_m[yamIpIbmsWn An Amlp
(AaC) FXns `mjmYw Hw, IqsS Fm hmNIns LS\bpw
FsmsbmWv.
k`hpa\pkcnv AXns Ahpw amdnbncnpp. Nne k`fn aphbpambn tNcpI, IqSnecpI Fw hcpp. DZmlcWn\v Rm ]men shw tNp FXn\v Ad_nbn w shw tNp.) FmWv ]dbpI. ap Nne k`fn `bsSppXn\pw XmoXv \evIpXn\pambn hcpp. DZmlcWw: Rm IqsSbpv.'' (e IphmfntbmSv \nba]meI ]dbpXpt]mse ""\o t]m
dG e AG L (]ment\msSm
krjv S nItfmsSmamsWXv BemcnIma. adnv bYm XsbmIppshv \nebn hyamIpXmWv. ]t Hcp hyXymkw am{Xw AYhm Amlphns alXzn\v tbmPnp krjv S nItfm DXhpw ]cn]qWhpambmWv Ah Ahs krjvSnItfmsSmamIpXv. AmsX krjvSnI ]ckv]cw HapmIpXpt]mseb. ]qhnIcn Nne Amlp Ahs krjvSnItfmsSm amsWXns\ Ahs krjvSnIfpsS Fm Imcyhpw Adnbpw Fv hymJym\nncnpp. AXv Amlp Ahs krjvSnItfmsSmamsWXv Fm epw Amlphns "Zmv ' (k) Xs Dv F Plv a nbmfpsS hymP hmZs FXnpI F eytmsSbmIpp. Amlp \tmsSmamsWXv Ahs km]casv ]qhnI hyamnbnpv. ImcWw _pn]cambpw {]mamWnIambpw CXv \ncIamIpp. ImcWw Amlp knwlmk\mtcmln X\mIppshXn\v FXncmWv Ah km]cambn krjvSnItfmsSmamIppshXv. am{Xhpa As\ Ah km]cambn krjv S nIsfmsSmapsn krjv S nI Ahs\ hebw sNpp Fpw hcpp. CXv Akw`hy amIpp. Amlp Ahs krjvSnIfpsS IqsSbmsWXv cphnt[ \bmWv.
fCa gPEG)
ap Nne k`fn klmbw, ]npW Fo Bib n hcpp. DZmlWw: Rm \ntmsSmapv, Rm \ntmSapv.
(e fCG e fCG)
Cs\ hmNIns LS\bpw k`hpa\pkcnv Fsmnt\mSmtWm tNphcpXv XZSnm\n AXns Ahpw amdnhcpp. CXpt]mse ASnm\m n tbmPnpIbpw hmNIns LS\bpw k`hpa\pkcnv Aw amdnhcnIbpw sNpXn\v Nne apinv (kwibmkv ] ZambXv ) Fv ]dbpp. FpsImsm hmNIns LS\bpw k`hpa\p kcnv Ahpw amdnhcppshXn\m tIphv CXv Hcp ]Zn\v hyXy AapXmbhbn ( e) sXmtWm? AtXm ASnm\ As ]cnKWnv ]Zhpw Ahpw GtIm]nphcp( WGG )hbns XmtWm? ImcWw. Fv kwibapmIppshXmW Xns
73
74
s]mXphmbXv (edG) hnizmkn, Ahnizmkn, ]pWyhm, Iphmfn, Fns\ Fm krjvSnIsfbpw Amlp Ahs Adnhv, Ignhv, Xocpam\w, A[nImcw t]msebp cm[nImc m hebw sNbvXncnpp. DZmlcWw Amlp ]dbpp: \n FhnsSbmbncpmepw Ah \npsS IqsSbpp Xm\pw. (AlZoZv:4) aqpt] Xnep bmsXmcp clkykw`mjWhpw Ah (Amlp) Ahp \mema\mbnsmmsX DmhpI bn. Apt]cpsS kw`mjWamsWn Ah Ahp Bdma\mbnsmmsX, AXnt\m IpdhcpsStbm IqSnbhcpsStbm (kw`mjWw) BsWn Ah FhnsSbm bncpmepw Ah AhscmsSmapm bnmsX....
Dcw: s]mXphmbXv (edG) Amlphns "ZmXn'bmb (km]camb) hntijWs]XmIpp. ImcWw AXv Fmepw Ahv ncoIcnsXmIpp.
(14)
Fm
{]tXyIambXv ( UG) AXv Amlphns ^nCenmb hntijWfns]XmIpp. ImcWw AXv ImcWsf ]npScpX\pkcnmIpp.
(15)
Amlphns {]hnbpm
Ip k`n DmIpIbpw CmXncnp k`n CmXmIpIbpw sNpp.
(AapPmZne: 7) {]tXyIambXv (UG) Amlp klmbnpsav ]dXv {]hmNImscbpw Ahsc ]npShscbpamWv. DZmlcWw: Amlp ]dbpp: Amlp kXyhnizmknIfpsS IqsSXsbmWv . (A A^m:19) Xobmbpw Amlp kqvaX ]menhtcmsSmamIpp. kZvhrcmbnphtcmsSmhpw. (Alv:128) Xobmbpw Rm \nfpsS IqsSbpv. (Xzmlm: 46) ZpxJnt, Xobmbpw Amlp \psS IqsSbpv. (Au_:40) tNmZyw: Amlp Ahs krjvSnIfpsS IqsSbmsWXv Ahs ZmXnbmb (km]camb) hntijWfn s] XmtWm AtXm ^nCenmb ({]hn]camb) hntijW fns]XmtWm?
14. DZm-l-cW-n\v Amlp ]d-bpp: ""\n Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp-mepw Ah \n-fpsS IqsS-bpv Xm\pw'' (A l-ZoZv:4) 15. DZm-lcWn\v Amlp ]d-bpp: ""Amlp kXy-hn-izm-kn-IfpsS IqsS- X-s-bm-Wv.'' (A A^m:19)
75
76
FXpw Akw`hyamIpp. ImcWw AXv cp sshcp[ysf tbmPnnempp.
12
JnXamb cv ImcynSbn sshcp[yfp mbm HpIn Ah cpw JnXamIm ]mSn. Asn Ah cn\panSbn Hns\ Hcp \nepw atXns\ thsd \nepw hymJym\nmhp hn[nep sshcp[yfpmImXncnWw. JpB\pw kppamIp ASnm\ {]amWfn hhsb C{]Imcw Zp_e sSpm ]mSn. ImcWw Zp_esSps sXfnhn\v \nbakm[pXbntm.
Ah krjvSnItfmsSmamIppshXns\bpw Fs\ tbmPnnmw

hnjbntev {]thinpXn\v apmbn ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXan( hJv' (dGh dG VQJ AQO) F {Kns Hmw hmfyw )bpsS "ZDXBdpfn AJven
Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mIppshXns\bpw
cv:
cpw JnXamh: HpIn AXv kqNnn
pX\pkcnv Asn ncsSpXn\\p kcnmbn cnpw. Ccw k`fn AhnSbn Hn\v apKW\ \evIpIbpw ]noSv apKW\ \evInbXns\ ]cnKWnpI bpamWv sNtXv.
aqv:
Hv JnXhpw atXv JnXamXpambh:
4344 t]PpIfn sImSp Hcp kp{][m\ XXzs Npcpn hnhcnm B{Klnpp. cp sXfnhpInSbn ]ckv]csshcp[yapsv Btcm]npIbmsWn B cp sXfnhpIfpw HpIn JnXambncnWw. Am Fn AJnXamXncnWw aqv hn`mKamWv. AXsn Ahbnsemv JnXhpw atXv JnXamXpambncnpw. Cs\ Ch
Ccw k`fn JnXambXn\v apKW\ \evtI XmIppshXn Fmhcpw GtIm]nncnpp. ImcWw Ddmb Adnhns\ hnizmktbmKyam AdnhpsImv XmhX. CXv a\nembm]ns \apv ]dbm\pXv: Amlp Ahs ksImv Xs krjvSnIp apIfn Ah knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mbncnppshXpw
Hv: cpw JnXambh: sXfnhpsImv ncsSph

_pnv hncpambnocpIbn FXn\m Ah cn\panSbn ]ckv]c sshcp[yapmhpI FXv Akw` hyamWv. ImcWw Ah cn\panSbn ]ckv]c sshcp[yap mImsav ]dbptm AhbntesXn epsamns\ \n_ ambpw \ow sNtnhcpp. CXpw Akw`hyamWv. ImcWw {]amW_ambh ncoIcn \n_amIpp. C\n Ah cpw ]ckv]c sshcp[y tfmsS \ne\npI
AhtcmsSmamsWXpw {]amWsImv ncsXm IppshXn ktlan. CXpcpw JnXambXmWp Xm\pw. CXv cpw Amlp Hcmbn Xs ka\zbnn pIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Amlp ]dbpp: ""BImifpw `qanbpw Bdp Znhkfnembn krjv S n h\mWv Ah. ]noSv Ah knwlmk\\mbn. `qanbn {]thinpXpw AXn \np ]pdphcpXpw, BImi p\nndpXpw AXntev IbdnspXpw Ah
77
78

Fs\bmWv N{ HapmIpsXv km[ya. Cs\
AdnpsImncnpp. \n FhnsSbmbncp mepw Ah \nfpsS IqsSbppXm\pw. Amlp \n { ] h n p X n s \ n I d n b p h \ m I p p . '' (AlZoZv : 4) Cu Bbn Amlp Fm krjvSnIpw apIfn knwlmk\\msWpw Ah \tmsSmamsWpw m]nncnpp. ChnSbn ]ckv]csshcp[yan. ImcWw Ah cn\pw Xn tbmPnnmhpXmWv. AXn\p amK:
ChnsS N{ BImimbnpw Cu hmnepw Anepw sshcp[yw ImWpn. ChnsS A`nkwt_m[\w sNsSp Bpw AdnbpXmWv. N{ `qanbnemWpsXmWv CXpsImp tinsSpsXv ]dbm krjvSnInSbn CXv Hcpanv hcmsan N{s\bpw \sbpw asmns\bpw krjvSnp ]cn]menp Fm hnt[\bpw DX\mb Amlp Htc kabw BImin knwlmk\\pw AtXmsSmw krjvSnIfpsS IqsSbpambncn bmsXmcp {]bmkhpanmXmIpp.
Hv:
Htc Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\msWXpw
AtX kabw Ah \tmsSmapspw {]amW ncoIcnncns AXp cpw tNphcnI FXv Akw`hyamsWv ]dbm ]mSnmXmIpp. FpsIm sm Akw`hyamb Imcy hnhcnpX {]amW. As\ hhcpw hnNmcnppshn Ahv sXp]nbncnpp. BIbm Ah kXynse ntcm ]cn{ianpIbpw Amlphnt\mSv AXn\p klmbhpw kmKhpw tXSpIbpw ]p\hnNn\w \SpIbpw sNtXmIpp. As\ kXyw a\nemn gnm Amlphns\ kvXpXnpIbpw sNs. Am ]w AXv hyambn Adnbp Amlphn `ctaev]np Ibpw C{]Imcw ]bpIbpw sNbvXpsIms. "" R f X n h n i z k n n c n p p . F m w X f p s S cnXmhn \npXmIpp. \n\v kv t Xm{Xw. \o ]TnnpXXm bmsXmcdnhpw Rn. \o XsbmWv kh\pw AKm[m\nbpw.''
aqv: C\n krjvSnIsf kw_nnStmfw "Dbcmbn

cnepw Hapmbncnepw' Xn sshcp[yapmI A\nhmcyamsWns AXv {kjvSmhns\ kw_nnS tmfw Acsamch DmIpn. ImcWw Amlp hns bmsXmcp hntijWKpWfnepw Ah\p Xpeyamb bmsXmpan. Fncns Amlp Ahs krjvSnIfpsS IqsSbmsWXv krjvSnIsftmse XmcXayw sNphmt\m AhtcmsSmw GsXnepsamcp ev CdnbncnpI bmsWv hnizknphmt\m ]mSn. ImcWw Amlphns krjvSnIfn bmsXmpw Ahs\ hebw sNpn. Fm Amlp Fm krjvSnIsfbpw hebw sNbvXncnpp. Cs\ Amlp knwlmk\\mbncnptXmsSmw \akvIcnphcpsS apnepsXpw Xn ]e coXnbn tbmPnnmhpXmWv.
Hv :
Ch {]amWfn ncoIcnsXmIpp.
{]amWfn sshcp[yfpmhpIbn.
cv:
CXpcpw hn]coXamIpn. FpsImsm
cv: Ch cn\panSbn sshcp[yan. Nne k`fn

apIfnep Hcp hkvXp A`napJambncnmw. ImcWw A`napJambncnpI FXn\v t\sc FXn himbncn Wsan. Hcm DZb kabv kqcys\ t\mn AsXs apJn\pt\scbmIpp Fp ]dbmdptm. bYm n kqcy BImimsWnepw Cu hmns LS\
HapmIpI FXv ]ckv]cw IqSnencnpItbm Hcp ev CdnbncnpItbm thWsaXv \n_am pn. Nnetm Db ep Hcp hkvXphnt\m sSmw Xmgv ` mKpXns\ tNp]dbmw. DZmlcWw ""R \SpsImncnptm N{\pw Hapmbncpp.''

IqSpX AlXsXmIpp.
79
80
bntem Antem sshcp[yan. Atm krjvSnIsf pdnv Cs\ ]dbmsan {kjv S mhns Imcyn
aqv :
C\n {kjvSnIsf kw_nnStmfw Ch kw_ntStmfw B A\nhmcyX
cn\panSn sshcp[yapsv hcnIbmsWn AXv {kjvSmhns\ DmIpn. ImcWw Amlphns hntij KpWfn Ah\pXpeyambn bmsXmpan. Fncns Amlp Ahs krjvSnIfpsS IqsSbmsWXv {kjvSnIsftmse XmcXayw sNphmt\m AhtcmsSmw GsXnepsamcp ev CdnbncnpI bmsWv hnizknphmt\m ]mSn. ImcWw Amlp knwlmk\\mbncnpXn\m \akvIcnp hcpsS apnepmIpI FXv \akvIcnphs apnse Npacn\p t\scbmbncnWsav hcpn. am{Xa krjvSnIfn bmsXmpw Ahs\ hebw sNpn. Ah\mIs Fm krjv S nIsfbpw hebw sNph\p amIpp.
13
Amlphns Cd
Camw _pJmcnbpw Camw apkvenapw A_plpdbvd (t)bn \nv Dcnpp: Fm cm{XnbpsSbpw aqnsemcp`mKw _mn \np kabv A\p{KloX]qW\pw DX\pamb \psS cnXmhv Hm\mImitv CdnhcnIbpw C{]Imcw ]dbpIbpw sNpw. "Bcv FtmSv {]mnppthm, Rm\hv Dcw \evIpXmWv. Bcv FtmSv tNmZnp pthm, Rm\h\v \evIpXmWv. BscnepsatmSv tXSpp shn Rm\h\v s]mdppsImSppXmWv.' Fv (_p: 1077, apkvenw 1261) Cu \_n hN\w \_n( r )bn \nv Ccp]stmfw kzlm_nam dntmv sNbvXncnpp. am{Xa Cu lZokv kzoIcnpXn Alvepp GtIm]npIbpw sNbvXn cnpp. Amlp Hm\mImitv CdpI FXv Ahs Dtiyhpw bpnbpambn _s Ahs ^nCenmb (Ia]camb) KpWfnsXmIpp. Ahs alXzn\pw DXnpw tbmPnp hn[n bYmnep Cdw XsbmIpp.

Asn Ahs ImcpWyamsWtm
81
82
CXns\ Amlphns I]\bmWv CdpXv Ftm Asn aepIfmsWtm t`ZKXnhcpm ]mSn. Xmsg hcp ImcW AXmWv \apv hyamncpXv.
s h n R m \ h \ v s ] m d p p s I m S p p X m W v . '' C X v Amlphn\msX ampw ]dbm km[yhpa. Amlp knwlmk\mtcmlnX\mIppshXpw Ah Hm\mImitv tbmPnnmw. Amlp knwlmk\\mIppshXv Ahs ZmXnbmb (km]camb) KpWfn s]XmIpp. Ahs ZmXn \npw AXv thsSm km[ya. CXv {]amWfn hyambn ncsnp Amlp Hm\mImitv CdnhcpsaXn\v FXncmIpn. cp coXnbn CXns\ tbmPnnmw. CdpXpw Xn Fs\
Hv :
Cs\ AXns As t`ZKXn sN F Ias \_n(r ) Amlphntev
lZokns {]ISamb An\p hncpamIpp. ImcWw CdpI tNpsImv ]dncnpp. bYmn HcpI aw sNpItbm sNbvXpsImncnpItbm BsWnemWv B Ias Imhntev tNp ]dbpI. B Ias asmcp Iaambn Nn{XoIcnptm AXv ASnm\]c ambXn\v hncpamb t`ZKXn hcpembnocpp.
cv:
]mSn.
Amlp Cdpsa \_n(r)bpsS Cu hN\s hniZoIcnptm AXn Hcp `mKw
Hv: {]amWfmWv Chcns\bpw ka\zbnnnpXv.

apv hnhcnXpt]mse {]amWfn Akw`hyfp mhpIbn.
C{]Imcw
Dt]nsSpp. bYmn AXns\ Dt]nm
aqv:
cv: Amlphns hntijKpWn Ah\p Xpeyambn

bmsXmpan. Atm Amlp knwlmk\n D]hnjvS\mIpXpw Ahs Cdnhcepw sshcp[yamIW sav ]dbm am{Xw krjv S nI CdpXpt]mseb Ah CdnhcnI. adnv Ahs alXzn\pw ]Zhnpw \ncp coXnbnembncnpw AXv.
Amlphns I]\bpw Ahs ImcpWyhpw
cm{Xnbnse Cu kabp am{Xa CdpXv adnv Ah cpw Fm kabpw Cdnsmncnpp.
tNmZyw: adp]Sn:
ChnsS Hcp {]tXyIamb Cdens\bmWtm
DtinsSpXv. Amlphns {]tXyIamb ImcpWyw Fm kabpw Cd \n_antm? Cu hymJym\w icnbmIpIbmsWn ChnsS
\_nhN\w ]TnnpXv Cu CdnhcpXv Hm\mImi tmIppshmWv. ChnsS Amlphns A\p{Klw Hm\mImitv CdnhcpXpsImv \_n( r ) CXv \apv AdnbnpXcm am{Xw Fv {]tbmP\amWpmIpI?
\mev :
lZokn ]dbpXv BImiv \nv Cdn
hcph C{]Imcw ]dbpsamWv: ""Bcv FtmSv {]mnppthm Rm\hv Dcw \evIpXmWv. Bcv FtmSv tNmZnppthm Rm\hv \evIpXmWv. BscnepsatmSv ]m]tamN\w tXSpp
83
84
Amlphns apJsaXns Aw {]XnêamIpp shv t`ZKXn sN ]e ImcWsImv icnbmhp Ibn. Ahbn NneXv:
14
Hv: CXv hyamb {]amWn\v hncpamIpp. CXn\v

hncpamIpXn\v sXfnhv BhiyamIpp. AXn\v Bhiy amb sXfnhnm FXmWv hmkvXhw.
cv:
{]amWfn apJs Amlphntev tNp
Amlphns apJw
Cu hnjbn Alv e ppn hPamA: bpsS hnizmkw Amlphn\v A\ptbmPyamb alXzhpw DZmc Xbp bYmn apJapv FmIpp. hnipJp B\pw kppw ncoIcn ImcyamWnXv. Amlp ]dbpp: ""alXzhpw DZmcXbpw Dh\mb \ns cnXmhns apJw AhtijnpXmWv.'' (Adlvam:27) \_n( r ) C{]Imcw {]mnXmbn Camw \kmCu dntmv sNbvXXmbn ImWmw: ""\ns apJtp t\mnbp B\hpw \ns IpappXnep AXnbmb B{Klhpw Rm \ntmSv tNmZnpp.'' (kzlolpkmCu: 1305) Atm Amlphns apJw Ahv A\ptbmPyamb \nebn bYmnepXpw Ahs km- ] - c amb KpWfns]XpamsWv a\-n-emmw.
]dncnpp. Amlphntev tNp ]dXv HpIn kzbw (asmnt\msSmamsX)\ne \nevpXmbncnpw, Asn kzbw \ne \nevmXmbncnpw. Cs\ kzbw \ne\npXmsWn AXv krjvSnbmIpp. DZmlcWw Amlphns `h\w, Amlphns HIw Fv ]dbpXp t]mse Ch Amlphns hntijWfn s]X. Ah Amlphntev tNp ]dbpXv HpIn DIrjvSamb Xn\mtem Asn DSa\ntetm {kjvSmhntetm tNv ]dbpXpsImmWv. C\n kzbw \ne\npX sn AXv Amlphns hntijWfn s]XmIpp. AYhm krjvSnb. DZmlcWn\v; Amlphns Adnhv, Ahs Ignhv, Ahs {]Xm]w, Ahs kwkmcw, Ahs ssI, Ahs Iv t]meph. Ah kzbw \ne\npX. Ah Amlphns Zmpambn _shbmbXn\m AhsbmpwXs krjvSnb. Amlphns apJhpw C{]Imcw XsbmsWXn kwiban. CXv Amlphn tev tNp ]dbpXv B hntijWs hntijyn tev tNp ]dbpXp t]msebmWv.
aqv :
Amlphns
{]XnêsaXv
krjvSnbpw
Ah\n\nv thdnp \npXpamIpp. Ahs apJam Is hntijWfn s]Xpw krjvSnbmXpw Ah\n \nv thdnv \nmXpamIpp. Fncns ]ns

km[npI?
85
86
s\bmWv apJn\v {]Xnêsav hymJym\w I]n- m
\mev:
Amlphns apJw alXzhpw DZmcXbpw sImv
{]am- W - - f n- e qsS hntijnnsXmIpp. am{Xhpa, Amlphns apJn\v A`bw tXSmhp Hcp {]Imihpw
(16)
15
Ahpw krjvSnIpanSbnse ad \onsmv Ahs ZrjvSn krjvSnIfn ]Xnp `mKw Icnp IfbpXmb {]`mhhpapv.
(17)
Cu
hntijWsfmw apJw sImp
hnh {]XnêamsWv ]dbpXn\v XSamIpp.
Amlphns ssII
Amlphnv A\p{Klfpw Zm\hpw sNmcn-bp \nhs ssIIfpv FXmWv Alveppn hPamAbpsS hnizmkw. Ah Amlphns alXzn\v A\ptbmPyamb \nebn bYmnep Ahs km]-camb hntijWambn ncsXmIpp. hnipJpB\pw kppw Ah ncsSppp. Amlp ]dbpp: ""Fs ssIsImv Rm krjvSnpmnbXns\ \o {]WanpXn\v \n\sv XSamWpmbXv. A_plpdbvd (t) \nthZ\w: \_n(r) ]dp:'' (kzmZv: 75) Amlphns ssI \ndp\nevpXmWv. cm{Xnbnse tbm, ]Iensetbm sNehgnepI AXn Ipdhphcpp Ibn. BImi`qanIsf krjvSnXp apX Ah sNehgnXv F{Xam{XamsWv \n Ipthm? AsXmpw Ahs InepXn \nv Ipdhp hcpnbnn. (_pJmcn, 4316, apkvenw 1659) Ah cpw bYmnep ssIIfmIppshpw AXv krjvSnIfpsS ssIIv kmZriyamIpIbn Fpw Alv e ppn hPamAbpsS ]nXm A`n{]mb sFIyaphcmIpp. am{Xa AhbpsS As in, A\p{Klw Fns\ t`ZKXn sN ]e ImcW sImv icnbmhpIbn. Ahbn NneXv:
16. fCu-^p PmanAv: 1182 17. apkvenw: 263
An\p]Icambn BemcnImw (R) D]tbmKn emIpp.(18)
Hv:
87
88
sXfnhns ]n_eanmsX hmNIns bYm
cv: Amlphntev tNp ]dnp CXpt]mep

~H N "Fs q
k`n C{]Imcw Aw ]db Ad_n `mjbnen mXmIpp. DZmlWw Amlp ]dbpp:
16
ssIsImv Rm krjvSnpmnbXns\' F {]tbmK n\v Fs A\p{Klw sImv Rm krjv S npmn bXns\, Fs insImv Rm krjvSnpmnbXns\ Fns\ CXn\v Aw \I icnbmhpIbn.
aqv:
Amlphnv cv ssII FXpsImv in
Amlphns IpI
Alveppn hPamAbpsS hnizmk{]Imcw Amlphns alXzn\v \ncp \nebnep Ahs apJv Ah\v A\ptbmPyamb Anep cv IpIfpv. hnipJpB\pw kppwsImv ncs Ahs k- ] - c amb hntijWfnsXmIpp Ch cpw. Amlp ]dbpp: \psS Iapn kcnp...... (A Ja:14) Zmens\ kw_nv \_n(r) ]dp: Xobmbpw Ah (Zm) H\mbncnpw Fm \nfpsS cnXmhv H\. (_pJmcn:6859, apkvenw:5215) \n hnjanepw \ncmibnepambncns \nfpsS dv \nfntev t\mpXmbncnpw.(23)
FmWv hnhsbn Amlp C_v e okns\ ]SXv Ahs ssIsImmsWv ]dbpXv icnbmIpambncpp. ]t AXv ]mSnmXmIpp. As\ ]dbmambncpp shn "Fs ssIsImv Rm krjvSnpmnbXns\ \o {]WanpXn\v \n\sv XSamWpmbXv?' Fv Amlp C_veoknt\mSv ]d k`n C_veokn\v {]Xntj[nmambncpp.
Av:
Amlp Ah\ntev tNp]d ssIIv

(19)
A\p{Klw, in Fo Aw \evIm km[yam hn[n ssI, ssISw hndnpsapsamw

(21)
Fns\ D]tbmKnncnpp.
(20)
A{]Imcw Ah\v hncepIfpspw
Ah ]nSnpsapw
\_n(r)]dp: Amlp `qansb FSpp]nSnpw. BImi s Ahs ssIsImv NpcpnnSnpIbpw sNpw. Fnv Ah ]dbpw: Rm\mWv cmPmhv `qanbnse cmPmm schnsS?(22) BIbm Amlphns ssIIsfsImp
{]amWfn ncsXmIpp.
Cu
{]h\sfmw Xs Amlphns ssIsImp hnh A\p{Klhpw inbpamsW ZphymJym\s Jnm aXnbmbXmWv.

18. Be-m-cn-Im kw_--ambn `mjm ]n-X-m-cpsS A`n-{]mbw apv hy-am-n-bXv Hmp-a-tm. 19. apkvenw: 1684 20. apkvenw: 4798 21. _pJmcn: 6959 22. _pJmcn: 4438, apkvenw: 4994
Ahs aqSp]Sw Hcp {]ImiamIpp. AsXm\pw Ahs apJv \npw Ah \opIbmsWn krjvSnIfn Ah s ZrjvSn]Xnp `mKw Icnpt]mIpXmIpp. (apkvenw :263) Ah krjvSnIfpsS IpItfmSv kmZriyanm Ahs alXzn\v tbmPnp \nebnep bYmamb
23. idlp AJo-Z-n hmkn-Xzn: 1/216
89
90
IpIfmIpp. Xmsg ]dbp ImcWsImv Adnhv, ImgvN Fns\ AhbpsS As hymJym\nm ]mSpX. An\p]Icambn BemcnImw (R) D]tbmKn emIpp AXv.
Hv: sXfnhns ]n_eanmsX hmNIns bYm cv :

""krjv S nIfn Ahs Zrjv S n]Xnp `mKw
17
IcnpIfbpXmIpp.'' ""\nfpsS cnXmhv H\.'' XpSnb \_nhN\ Amlphns bYm IpIsf hymJym\npXn\v XSamIpp.
ssI, Iv Fnhsb kw_nv hnhn[cq]n hXns\pdnv
Amlphns
Amlphns cp ssIIsfbpw IpIsfbpw Ipdnv {]amWfn GIhN\w, ZznhN\w, _lphN\w Fns\ aqv coXnbn sImSpXmbn ImWmw. GIhN\n\v DZmlcWw: Amlp ]dbpp: B[n]Xyw BcpsS InemtWm Ah A\p{Kl ]qW\m bncnpp. (A apIv: 1) Fs Iapnembnsmv \ns hfnsbSpm thnbpw IqSnbmWXv. (Xzmlm: 39) \psS ssII \nanXns] ImenIsf Ahp thnbmWv \mw krjvSnncnpXv Fv Ah Int (bmko: 71) \psS Iapn kcnp....(A Ja:14) A, Ahs CcpssIIfpw \nhshbmIpp. (A amCZ: 64)

{]hmNI (r) ]dp:
91
92
HcSna \akvIcnm \nm Ah ]ca ImcpWnIs cv IpInSbnemIpp.(24) Amlphns cpssIIsfbpw IpIsfbpw kw_nv Cs\ aqv coXnIfmWv hnpXv . Chsb Fs\ tbmPnnmsav t\mmw. Hmas GIhN\w ZznhN\nt\m _lphN\nt\m FXncmIpn. ImcWw Amlphntep tNnd GIhN\w s]mXpsh Amlphnv ncoIcn ssI, Iv F AnemWv. AXv Htm AXn IqSpXtem Bhmw. AXpt]mse ZznhN\hpw _lphN\hpw hXn\nSbn tbmPnnpXv: cmWv) Fv \mw ]dbpIbmsWn ASnm\]cambn Ah cpw HmWv kqNnnpXv FXn\m Ahn Sbn bmsXmcp sshcp[yhpapmIpn. C\n`mjbn {]_eamb
18
KG G bCG (_lphN\n Ghpw Ipdhv
Amlphns kwkmcw
Alv e ppn hPamAns hnizmk {]Imcw Amlp kwkmcnpsamWv. AXv Ahv A\ptbmPyamb \nebnepw bYmnepamWv. Ahs Dtiya\pkcnv AXnv Acfpw i_vZhpapmbncnpXmWv. Amlp kwkmcnph\msW \nev Ahs kwkmcw km-]camb hntijWamIpp. Fm Atmgmbn kwkmcnp Xns\ ]cnKWnv AXv ^nCenbmb ({]h\m]camb) hntijWamIpp. CXv hnipJpB\pw Xncpkppw hyamnbXmWv. Amlp ]dbpp: \psS \nnX kabn\v aqkm hcnIbpw Atlns cnXmhv AtltmSv kwkmcnpIbpw sNbv X tm (A AAvdm^v: 143) Amlp ]d k`w ({inpI) tl Cukm Xobmbpw \ns \mw ]qWambn GsSppIbpw Fs
KK G bCG
(_lphN\n Ghpw IpdXv
aqsamWv) Fv \mw ]dbpIbmsWn aqtm AXne[nItam hcp \nnX Fw Fne. adnv km`nIhpw _lpam\kqNIhpambn D]tbmKnnpXmWv. tNp ]dXv GsXmntemtWm tNsSp
YCG dG.
Xv AX\pkcnv AamapmIpw.
FXnse "f' \psS FXpsImv hnhnsSpXv
j~jCG "\psS ssII,
_lpam\kqNIhpambn D]tbmKnn pXmWv.
24.
A_q- l p- d bv d (d) hn \np- - c n- - s - S p Cu lZokv ssiJv A_m\n (d) Zp_-e-am-sWv hym-p-p. knkn-e-p--Cu^ 1024 \-dn t\mp-I.

ASptev \ns DbpIbpw (BepCwdm : 55)
93
94
1)

Idmanbm
(26)
sNpXmWv.
Alveppns Chpw
hnizmkw
XsbmWv
CnjbIambn
DsXnepw
]Xns heXp `mKv \nv \mw Atls hnfnpIbpw, clky kw`mjWnmbn \mw Atln\v kmao]yw \evIpIbpw sNbvXp. (abw: 52) Hmas Bbn Amlphns kwkmcw Ahs Dtiya\pkcnmIppshv Atm DmIpXmIpp. (ImcWw ChnsS kwkmcapmbXv aqkm\_n(A)s hchnv tijamWv FXv Amlphns Dtiyhpambn _spInSpp) cmas Bbv AXv ActfmSp IqSnbXpw kwkmchpamsWXn\v sXfnhmIpp. aqmas Bbv Amlphns kwkmcw i_vZapXm sWv Adnbnpp. ImcWw i_vZanmsX hnfnpXpw kwkmcnpXpw Dmhpbn FXv hmkvXhhpamWv. \_n(r) ]dp: AyZn\n Amlp ]dbpw: ""Hm BZw'' Atm Atlw (BZw) ]dbpw: RfpsS cnXmth, Rm\nXm Dcw \evInbncnpp. DSs\ i_vZtmsS hnfnp ]dbsSpw. \ns kXnIfn \nv Hcp kwLs \cIntev AbpI Fv (_pJmcn 4372, AlvaZv: 3/32) Amlphns kwkmcw AXv ]Zhpw AhpaSn bXmIpp. AmsX AXv ]Zw am{Xtam Aw am{Xtam A. CXmWv Alveppns hnizmkw. Amlphns kwkmcs kw_- nv Alv e pp pambn hntbmPnphscpdnv khmCJp apke (SG YGdG)
25.
25
Amlphns kwkmcw apv CmXncp Hmbncpp. AXv ]noSv DmbXmIppsh hyXymkapv. 2) AIpm_n:
(27)
Amlphns kwkmcw FXv
Ahs Poh, Adnhv Fnht]mse Ahs Zmn (k) t\mSv tNp\nevpXmIpp. AXn\m AXn\v Ahs Dtiyhpambn _an. Ahs kbnep As AdnbnpXnmbn krjvSnXmWv Ah\n \nv
ncoIcnpp.
AXv
eCG
Dcns Acfpw i_vZfpw. CXv \mseamIpp (B),
(\ntcm[m),
({]kvXmh\),
QSEG
(At\zjWw) 3) AivAcnI: Cu hnjbn Ipm_nbm ]t cp
sftmsesbmWnhcpsS
hnizmkhpw.
hnjbfn Ch `nm`n{]mbmcmWv. Hv: AXnv Amlphns \mev kwkmcns AnemWv. Ipm_nbm
AfpsmWv
]bpsXn AivAcnI ]dbpXv B \mev Afpw Htc Aw am{XamIpp FmWv. Ah Amlphns kwkmcns C\f. adnv AXv Amlphn\p
hntijWfmWv. Xudmpw Coepw JpB\pw AXntem tcmpw aphsbtmseXsbmIpp. hmNInemsX hyXymkan.

26. lnPvd: 255 ac-W-s apl--Zp_v\p Indmw F-bmsf ]np-S-cp In-bm-Wn-Xv. Am-lp-hns \mahnti-j-W--fpsS hnj-b-n kmZr-iy-hm-Zn-I-tfmSv Nmbvhp--h-cpw, Cuam-\ns Imcy-n apPn-B-fpsS hnizm-k-amb {]h-\- hnizm-k--fn \nv thsSpn Ahsb ]c- t em- I - t v ]nn- n- p- - h - c m- W v. AYhm {]h\w Cuam-\ns]--X Fm-Wn-h-cpsS hnizm-kw. 27. A_vZpmln_v\p kCuZv _v\p Ipm_p _kcosb ]npSh cmWnh. hnizmk]cambn hfsc Gsd Imcyfn Ch Alveppnt\mSv tbmPnppshnepw Amlphns \ma hntijWfn Alveppnt\mSv FXncmIpp.
F {Kn \npw Npcpn hnhcnmw.

) Am-lp-hns hnti-j-W-sf ]msS \ntj-
Camw C_v\pJnw (
[n-p Plvan-bm-sf t]mse-bp--hv adp-]-Sn-bmbn cNn--XmWo {Kw.
95
96
kwkmchpw

ssZhns kwkmcamIppshXmWv.
cv: Ipm_nbm ]dbpp: Acfpw i_vZfpw Amlphns kwkmcns ]IpIfmIpp. Fm AivAcnI ]dbpXv AXv Amlphns kwkmcns hmNIfmIppshmWv. 4) kmenaI
(28)
Ahcnsemcm ]dbpIbpmbn: ""\mamWv AXv kwkmcnpsXnepw \nehnep Fm kwkmcfpw Ahs kwkmcamIpp.'' ta]d Cu A`n{]mbsfmw hnipJpB\npw Xncpkpnpw _pnpw hncpamIpp. Amlp
Amlphns kwkmcw FXv Ahs
Poh, Adnhv Fnht]mse Ahs Zmn (k)t\mSv tNp \nevpXmIpp. _an. AXn\m AXn\v Ahs
Dtiyhpambn
Ahbnsemv
asmns\
Adnhpw hnm\hpw \evInbhv AXv a\nemIpXmWv.
apISm coXnbn AXv Acfpw i_v Z fpw tNpInSpXmWv. FXnse Xs
,S ,
DZmlcWn\v
(_nkvan)
AXv
JpB Amlphns IemamWv.

Amlphns hN\amWv ( AXv
Cu Hmtcm Acfpw Htc kabp hcpXpw ]papXte
Alveppn hPamAns hnizmkw JpB
Hp
asmnt\mSv
qdG c)
AXv Ahs krjvSnb. AXv
As\bmbncpp. AXv As\s \ne\np Ibpw sNpXmIpp. 5) Plvanbmfpw apAvXkneIfpw ]dbpXv: Amlp hns kwkmcw krjvSnIfnsXmIpp. AXv Ahs hntijWn s]X. Fm ]noSv Plv a nbmfn Nne Amlphns kwkmcs ]msS \ntj[npIbpw ap Nne AXv
Ah\n\nndsXmIppshXmWv.
Ah\n \np XpSn Ah\ntep Xs aSpIbpw sNpw. AXv Ah bYmYn kwkmcnpIbpw Pn_vco (
u)
\v CpsImSppIbpw sNpIbpmbn. Atlw AXv
aplZv \_n(
r)bpsS lrZbn \nt]npIbmbncpp.
hnipJpB\pw Xncpkppw CXv hyamnbnpv. Amlp ]dbpp: _lpssZh hnizmknIfn hh\pw \nsbSp A`bw tXSn hm Amlphns hN\w (JpB) Ah tIp {Klnm thn Ahv A`bw \evIpI. (Au_: 6) asmc[ymbn ]dbpp: \n\v \mw AhXcnnpXnp {KamWnXv.
Amlphns sNpIbpmbn.
krjvSnbmsWv
ncoIcnpIbpw
6) ]nmeph XXzNnI\mb Acntmnens\ ]npSh: Dbp Nnnp _pnbn \nv DXhpw ]cniphpamb a\pI kzoIcnpX\pkcnv HgpIn hcpXmWnXv. AXv aqew AhcpsS a\n k]fpw AwKoImcfpapmpp. Cu k]fpw NnbnepZn AwKoImcfpw ImXpIfn tIp kwkmcambn
(C_vdmlow: 11) asmc[ymbn ]dbpp: hnizkvXmmhv (Pn_vco) \ns lrZbn
amdppshXmWnXv. 7) AssZzXhmZnI: {]]nepsXmw HmIpp Fv

28.
AXpwsImv Cdnbncnpp. \o XmoXp \evIphcpsS Iqnembncnm thnbs{X AXv. kv]jvSamb Ad_n `mjbnemWv (AXv AhXcnnXv) Xobmbpw AXv
]dbphcpsS
hnizmkw
{]]nep
Fm
apKmanIfpsS thZ{Kfnepapv. (AivipAdm: 193-195)

aplZp_v\p kmenw F hynsb ]npWp InbmWnh. Amlphns \mahntijW krjvSnItfmSv kmZriyambXm sWv hnizknphcmWnh.
\_n(
r) P\p at[y\npsImv C{]Imcw ]dbpI
bpmbn:

"" F s cnXmhns hN\ Hcmfpant? ImcWw Fs cnXmhns
97
98
FnpsImSpp
Fm ""Ah\ntev Xs aSpIbpw sNpw.'' F Xn\v cYfpv.
Xnmbn Xs P\Xbntev Fs sImpt]mIm hN\
FnpsImSppXn\v JpssdinIfnXm Fs XSbpp.'' (kzlolp A_oZmhqZv : 4734) \_n(
Hv: JpB kwkmcsa hntijWambn Ah\ntev

aSpp. AXmbXvJpB\ns\ Amlphns hN\amsX asmcmfntepw tNp ]dbsSpIbn. ImcWw Ah\mWv AXv kwkmcnXv. kwkmcsaXv kwkmcnphs
r) _dmD_v\p Bkn_v (t)hnt\mSv Ddm InSp
tm C{]Imcw {]mYnm ]dbpIbpmbn: Amlpth, Fs Rm \nntenpIbpw Fs apJw \nntev XncnpIbpw Fs Imcy \nnen pIbpw Fs apXpIns\ Rm \nntev G]npIbpw sNbv X ncnpp. \ns {]Xnês ImwnpsImpw \ns insb `bpsImpamWv (As\ sNbv X Xv ) \nntev aSpIbmsX \ns inbn \nv av
hntijWamIpp.
cv:
AXv apkvl^pIfn \npw lrZbfn \npw
Hcp cm{Xnbn DbsSpw F Nne AYdpIfn (kzlm _nhN\fn) hnpXpt]mse Amlphnte pXs DbsSpXmIpp. AYhm P\ Cu JpB\\p kcnv {]hnmXmIpIbpw AXns\ AhKWnpIbpw sNp k`n BZcshtmfw AXv P\fn \npw DbsSpXmIpp.
(30)
A`btam ctbm C. \o AhXcnn thZnepw \ns {]hmNI\nepw Rm hnizknncnpp. (_pJmcn:5840, apkvenw 4885) Xm_nCbmb Awdp_v \ p Zo\m ( ) ]dbpIbpmbn:
hnipJpB Acfpw hmpIfpamWv

JpB Amlphns hN\amWv krjvSnb Fv \mw hnhcnpIbpmbn. Fm JpB\ns hmpI krjv S nbmsWtm Astm ]dbmtam? AtXm au\w ]menpIbmtWm sNtXv?
Amlp {kjvSmhpw Ah\m JpBs\mgnv _mnbp hsbmw krjvSnbpamsWv Fgp]Xv hjambn P\ ]dbpXmbn Rm tIphcpp. JpB krjvSnb AXv Amlphns hN\amIpp. AXv Ah\n \nv XpSn Ah\ntepXs C_v\pssXan ( ""AXv aSpIbpw sNpw. (aPv a qD^Xmhm
) 1/248) \nv XpSn'' FXns Aw
Dcw:
Cu
Cu hmpI krjv S nbmsWtm Astm
samn ]bmhpX. Fm hniZambn ]dbptm hmpsImv DtinsSpXv. ASnabpsS
Ah\n
AmlphmWv BZyambn AXv kwkmcnXv FmIpp. CXv "Amlp Ah\mXn JpB\ns\ krjvSnncnpp' F PlvanbmfpsS hnizmkn\v adp]Snbpw IqSnbmIpp.
29.
(29)
{]hnbmb DcnemWv Fn AXv krjvSnbmsWv hcpp. ImcWw ASnabpw Ahs {]h\hpw krjvSnI fmIpp. C\n CXpsImv DtinpXv Amlphns hN\amsWn AtmfXv krjvSnb. ImcWw Amlp hns kwkmcw Ahs hntijWfnsXmIpp.
hnip JpB Amlphns krjvSnbmsWv Plvanbmsf t]mep Nne InI hmZnncpp. Camw AlvaZp_v\p l (d) Cu hnjbn Ckvemans t\cmbhiw ]dXv Imc-W-m Pbnhmka\p`hntn hnpv. JpB Amlphns IemamsWXmWv Alveppn hPamAns hnizmkw.
30.
knknelol: \ 87, kzlolp C_v\pamP: 4049

(
99
100
Ahs hntijWamIs krjvSnb Xm\pw. Camw AlvaZv
) ]dXv ChnsS {]tXyIw {itbamIpp: ""Rm
JpB HmXpXns\ JpB\msW DtiytmsS Bscnepw krjv S nbmsWv ]dbpIbmsWn Ah Plvanbmfnsh\mIpp.'' ChnsS Camw AhIfpsS "JpB\msW DtiytmsS' F hmv JpB\msW DtiyanmsX Fdnbnpp. shdpw DcnpI F {]hnsb BsWn Ah Plvanbmfns h\mIpX
19
Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[n

Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[npXns XpSw Xm_nDIfpsS Ahkm\ ImeLfn Dhnncpp shnepw Acw hmZ-K-Xn-I {]Ncnm\mcw`nXv Da \qmpImcmb kzlm- _ - nsbpw Ahsc ]npS Xm_nDIfpsSbpw Ahptijap Xm_nDm_nD IfpsSbpw tijambncpp. BZyambn CXv ]dXv PAvZp_v\p Znlambncpp. ""Amlp C_vdmloans\ kplrmbn kzoIcnpIbp mbnn. aqkmtbmSv Amlp t\cnv kwkmcnnpan' CXp ]dXns t]cn lnimap_v \ p A_v Z n aenIns `cWImev CdmJnse KhWdmbncp JmenZp_v \ p A_vZnm A Jkvco Cbmsf h[npIbpmbn. Cbmsf Atlw CuZv K mlntev IqnsmphcnIbpw ]noSv s]cpm JpXzp_bvv tijw Atlw ]dp:

IbmWv. ImcWw Ah "Amlp
101
102

Dkvam\p_v\p k Cu Z p m c n a n ancoknbpsS
tl, P\sf \n _enbdppI. Amlp \nfpsS _en kzoIcns. Rm PAZp_v\p Znlans\ _enbdpp C_vdmloans\ kplrmbn kzoIcnpIbpmbnnspw, aqkmtbmSv Amlp t\cnv kwkmcnnpanspw hmZnpp. PAZv ]dbpXn \npw Amlp DX\pw alm\amIpp! ]noSv Atlw AhnSpndn Abmsf AdpsIme sNpIbpmbn. (idlpzlmhn: 3/297) CXv lnPvd 119 _ens]cpmfn \mbncpp. CXv Camw C_v\pJnw ( ) Xs "\q\n-mn' BZy
am{Xa
\qX\hmZn\v adp]Snbmbn ""Amlphns XuloZn Iw sInav sXntmb Im^ndn\v Dkvam\p_v\p kpCuZpmcn anbpsS J\w''(32) Fv Hcp {Kw Xs cNnpIbpmbn. Cu {Kw AhXm\XtbmsS hmbnp hv Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[nphcpsS sXfnhpIfpsS Zu_eyhpw \ncIXbpw hyamIp XmWv. ]nmev h dmkn, Kmen, C_v\pAJo XpSnb hcpsS {Kfn _niv d ns CXpt]mep [mcmfw hymJym\ ImWmhpXmWv. Fm PqXmcpw, _lpssZhhnizmknIfpw, km_oaX mcpw, XXzNnIcpambncpp Amlphns hntijW sf \ntj[np Ccw Bib kqnpsImp \SncpXv. PAZp_v\p Znlw Cu hnizmkw kzoIcnXv Am\p_v\p kwB\n \nmbncpp. Abm Xzmeqn \npw Abm \_n(r)v amcWw sNbvX PqX\mb e_oZp_v\p AAvkzn an \npambncpp shv ]dbsSpp. km_oaXmcpw, XXzNnIcpw [mcmfap ^dm F {]tZimc\mbncpp PAZv. Xt-io-b-cpsS Hmtcm {]tZip Xmaknp BfpIpw AhcpsS kz`mhnepw hnizmk nepw iamb kzm[o\apmIpsaXn kwiban. Chcn Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[np hcpsS hnizmkw Amlphnv
`mKp Xs FSpp]dncnpp. ""CmcWmemWv Jkvcn _en Zn\n PAZns\ AdppIbpmbXv. C_vdmlow Amlphns kplrspw aqkm Amlphpambn kwkmcnnnspw PAZv ]dXn\membncpp AXv. Alveppns BfpI PAZns\ _enbdpv Amlphn\v \n{]ISnnpIbpmbn.'' PAZn\ptijw Plv a nbmpsS t\Xmhmb Plv a p_v \ p kz^v h m Cmcyw GsSpp {]Ncnnm XpSn. Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[nphcmb Plvanbm Cbmsf ]npShcmIpp. Jpdmkm\nse KhWdpsS ]mfmc\mb kmenap_v\p Alvhkv Cbmsf sIme sNpIbpmbn. CXv lnPvd 128embncpp. ]noSv lnPvd cmw \qmn {Kov tdma ]pkvXI Ad_nbntev `mjmcsSpnbXp \nanw Imcyw IqSpX ihpw ]coWmIhpabn. AXn\ptijw aqmw \qmnembn _nivdp_v\p KnbmYn ancoknbpsSbpw IqcpsSbpw ImcWm PlvanbmfpsS hnizmkw hopw {]NcnnsSpIbpmbn. CamapIsfm Sw Chsc Bt]npIbpw Ahcne[nIt]cpw Ch Im^ndpItfm ]nghtcm BsWv ]dbpIbpw sNpp.
JK
(Yp_qXn kzn^mv)
m]nX hntijW C FmIpp. ImcWw AhcpsS hnizmk{]Imcw Amlphn\v kn^pIfpsv ncoIcn pXpaptJ\ k_n) Asn Ah krjvSnItfmSv h\mIpsamWv. Cq Amlphn\v kmZriyap
S U (kn^mp
aVEG U
"\ntj[mIamb'
hnti-j-W--sftbm
(kn^mp Cfm^n) "tNnd
32. ~MdG e dG Y iaG a ~dG dG Y ~S H Y f

bpXmb' hnti-j-W-sftbm, AXpasn Isftbm am{Xsa ncoIcnpIbpq.
103
104
e ce
(apd_panlpam) "Ch cpw IqSnt' kn^p
k_n ("\ntj[mIambXv'): Fm Amlphn\v A\ptbmPyam Imcyw \ntj[npXns\pdn pXmWv. DZmlcWn\v Ah ]dbpXpt]mse ""Amlp Hcph\mIpp'' FXv Amlp F{X Fapsv hn`PnpXns\ \ntj[npp. Asn ]mfnIfp mIpI FXn \npw HgnhmWv Fv kmcw. Cfm^n: tNndbph: Amlphn\v ncoIcn s Hcp hntijWsa \nev CXv ]dbsSpIbn. Fm B hntijWw asmntev tNp ]dbsSp tm B hntijWapsv hcpp. Ah Amlphn s\pdnv "Ah XpSmc\pw ImcWmc\pamsWv ]dbpXpt]mse. Fm hkvXpfpw Ah\n\npmbXv F-Xns ASn-m-\-n Ah\mWv AhbpsS
20
Amlphns kzn^mpIsf \ntj[nphcpsS amKw

XfpsS _pnbn A\ptbmPyambnmWp kn^mp Isf am{Xw ncoIcnpIbpw, _pnv AkzoImcyambn tXmpXns\ kzoIcnmXncnpIbpw sNpI FXmWv kn^p \ntj[nIfpsS sFIIWvtT\ bp A`n{]mbw. CXv JpB\n\pw kpn\pw nc-sp h-Xm-bmepw icn. AYhm ChcpsSbSp Amlphnv kn^mpI ncoIcnpXpw \ncmIcnpXpsamw AhcpsS _pnbmIpp. ]noSv, ncoIcnpXnepw \ntj[npXnepw _pnv A\ptbmPyambn ImWmhbn Ah `nnpI bpmbn. As\ Ahcne[nIt]cpw AXv \ntj[npIbpw AXv BemcnIamsWv hmZnpIbpw sNbvXp. ap Nne Amlphns kn^pIlnp Aw \evImsX AXn au\w ]menpIbpw AXns As Amlphn tev hnSpIbpw sNpIbpmbn. _pn]chpw {]am- W - _ hpamb sXfnhpInSbn R au\w ]menncnppshh CXneqsS hmZnp sImncnpp. ]t bYmneh IamWv ]d
XpSmc\pw ImcWmc\pw. Bcw`npI, ImcWamIpI F hntijWw Ah\v ncoIcnsXmWv F \nebne.
k_n:, Cfm^n:
apd_: "kwtbmPyambh': k`s ]cnKWnv Fns\ amdnhcpw. Ah
Amlphns\pdnv"Ah BZnbmIpp'shv ]dbpXp t]mse, Amlp BZyapmbh\mIppshXv \ntj[m IamIpp. FXn\m AXv k_nbmb kn^mWv . Fm Fm krjv S nIfpw Ah\ptij amWpmbXv Fn AXv Cfm^nbpamIpp. Amlphns hntijWsf \ntj[nph Ccw hnizmkfmWv kzoIcnnpsXn Hcp hnizmknbp sStbm Asn _pnbphcpsStbm a\v CsXns\ kzoIcnm XmdmIpw? Asnepw Amlp A\p{Kln hcmb {]hmNIm, kXykm, ckmn I, kcnXm FnhcpsS amKw Dt]nv Ccm cpsS Cu \qX\ hnizmkw kzoIcnmtam?
105
106
Xv. ImcWw _pn]chpw {]am-W-_hpamb sXfnhp I Amlphns ]cn]qWamb kn^pIsf ncoIcn pXn tbmPnpIbmWv sNbvXnpXv. JpB\nepw kpnepw hnp Amlphns Fm kn^p Ifpw_pnsImv AXv hnhcnm km[yasnt]mepw AXv _pnv hncpamXmIpp. CqcpsS amKw kqdpnkmC Amlp ]dh tcmSv kmZriyamIpp. ""\n\v AhXcnnsXnepw \n\papv AhXcnn sXnepw X hnizknncnpp Fv P]np Hcp Iqsc \o Int? ZpaqnIfpsS ASptv hn[ntXSn tmIphm\mWv AhcptinpXv. hmkvXhn ZpaqnIsf Ahnizknphm\mWv Ah I]nsn pXv. ]nimNv Ahsc _lpZqcw hgnsXnphm\ptin pIbmWv. Amlp AhXcnnXntepw (Ahs) ZqX\ntepw \n hcq Fv AhtcmSv ]dbsm B I]ShnizmknI \nshnv ]msS ]nncnpt]mIpXv \n\v ImWmw. Fm kzw ssII sNbvXpshXns êambn Ahv h B]pw _m[npIbpw A\cw Ah \nsASpphv Amlphns t]cn kXyw sNbvXpsImv R \bpw A\pcRvP\hpamsX asmpw Dtinncpn Fv ]dbpIbpw sNptmgp nXn Fs\bmbncnpw?'' (AnkmAv: 6062) Xmsg hcp ImcW sImv ta Bbnse hnjbw ChcpsS {]hnv tbmPnpp.
AhXcnnXntepw (Ahs) ZqX\ntepw \n hcq Fv ]dbsm B I]S hnizmknI ]nncnp t]mIpXpt]mse Ahcpw XncnpIfbpXmIpp.
aqv: Amlphns kn^mpIsf \ntj[np Chv

A\pIcnpXn\mbn Nne ZpaqnIfpv. Amlphns ZqX sImphXnt\m ChcpsS Cu Zpaqn ImWv Ch apKW\ \evIpXv. ta]d I]Shnizm knIsf t]mse Xs ZpaqnIsf Ahnizknm\htcmSv I]nsnpw ZpaqnIfpsS ASptv hn[n tXSntmIphm DtinpXp t]mses A`n{]mb `nXIfpmIp k`fn JpB\ntepw kpntepw aSpXn\p ]Icw Ccw Zpaqn IfpsS ASptv hn[n tXSntmIphm \mWv Ah DtinpXv.
\mev:
ta]d I]ShnizmknI ""R \bpw
A\pcRv P \hpamsX asmpw Dtinncpn.'' Fv kXyw sNbvXp]dXpt]mse Xs, kn^mp \ntj[nI f m b C h c p s S Cu h y m J y m \ w s I m v A h \ b p w _pn]chpw {]amW_hpamb sXfnhpInSbn tbmPnnepamWv DtinpsXv Ah hmZnpp. Cs\bmWv Fm IhmZnIfpw AhcpsS hymPhmZ sf adpshpIbpw X\n\ndw {]ISnnpIbpw sNmdpXv. A_w \nd hmZfmWv Ch Dbnmdp Xv. ]t Amlp GsXmcmv Adnhpw m\hpw {Kmlyinbpw k\pw \evIntbm Ahsc AkXy tm s]mhmZtm Bibpgn emm km[ya.
Hv :
\_n( r )bv v AhXcnnsXnsemw Ch
hnizknph-cm-sWv hmZn-p--h-cm-sW-nepw Ch Atlw sImp-hsXmw kzoI-cn-p--h-c-.
cv: JpB\nepw kpnepw hnp Amlphns

]cn]qWamb kn^pIsf hnizknpXn\v Chsc WnpIbmsWn B I]S hnizmknItfmSv Amlp
Amlphns kn^mpIsf \ntj[npXpsImp mIp A]IS

Amlphns kn^mpIsf \ntj[npXpsImv \n_ambpw Xmsg hcp A]IS DmIpXmWv. 1. hnipJpB\pw Xncpkppw, kXy\ntj[hpw

kn^mv \ntj[nI Amlphns
107
108
AXntep Whpw ASnbXmsWv hcpw. ImcWw kn^pI ncoIcnpXv Ahs\ kmZriysSpepw Ip^vdpam sWv hmZnpXmb kn^pI Ch cnepw \ndp \nevpp. 2. hnipJpB\pw Xncpkppw kXyw hyamn bnn. ImcWw Amlphns kn^pIsf \ntj[nem Wtm Cq kXyambn ImWpXv. hnipJpB\nstbm Xncpkpnstbm aqehmIyn tem _mlymntem Amlphns ]cn]qWamb kn^mpIsf \ntj[np Xmbn Adnbnp bmsXmcp tcJbpan. "" A h v ( A m l p h n v ) \n\dnbptam?'' (abw:65) ""Ah\p Xpey\mbn Bcpw CXm\pw.'' (A CJvemkv: 4) XpSnb BbpIfn \npw Amlphns hntijW sf Ah \ntj[nemsWv A\pam\n emIpp Chcnse hnZymKhnIfpsS eyw. Fm taepcnXpt]mep JpB\ns aqehmIy fn \npw _pnbp GsXmcmpw Ah Amlp hns ]cn]qWXsb ncoIcnpXmsWpw Ahs hntijWv Xpeyambn BcpanspamWv a\nemhpI. Amlphns hntijWsf \ncmIcnemWv CXpsImv eysav Hcmfpw a\nempIbn. Atm Ccw hN\ Amlphns kn^pIsf \ntj[n phbm sWv ]dbph HpIn Ahs hN\n\v KqVmw Ip]nSnpItbm AXns\ adpshpItbm AXsn hnhcnm Ignbmht\m BbncnpXmWv. Chsbmpw Xs Amlphnstbm Ahs {]hmNIs tbm hN\fn hcm ]mSnmXmIpp. ImcWw JpB\pw {]hmNINcybpw ]qWamb hnhcWhpw Dtiyhpw t]scm Bscsbnepw
DsmpXmIpp. adnv krjv S nIsf ]ngntem AImcnemtem A AhbpsS eyw. AXns hniZo IcWntem hnhcWntem bmsXmcp IpdhpIfpan.
aqv:
aplmPndpIfn \npw AkmdpIfn \npw
BZyambn aptmphhcpw kpIrXw sNbvXpsImv Ahsc ]npShcpw AkXyw ]dbphcpw kXyw aqSnshp hcpw, Ah Cu hnjb kw_ambn hnhcanmhcp ambncpp FmWv ChcpsS P]\w aptJ\ hp-tNcpI. kn^mp \ntj[nI AkXyamsWv hmZnp Cu kn^mpI ]qWambpw Amlphnpsv Ahcn \nv A\n- t j- [ y- a mw- h n[w (apXhmXndmbn) Dcnsn cnpp. Hcn t]mepw Ah \ntj[nIfpsS hmZamb Amlphns kn^mpIsf \ntj[np kwkmcnpIbp mbnn. Cs\ DmhpI FXv Da \qmpImcpw Cu kapZmbnse DXcpambhsc kw_nnStmfw Akw`hyamIpp.
\mev :
Amlphns ]cn]qWamb kn^pIfn
GsXnepsamv CmXmIpIbmsWn \n_ambpw Ahv A]qWamb hntijWapsphcpp. ImcWw AkvXnXzap Fmn\pw AXntXmb hntijWfpv. B hntijWw CmXmIpIbmsWn AXn\p hncpamb \yq\XbpsS hntijWamWv ]noSpmIpI. AtXmsS kn^mp \ntj[nIfpsS Imcyw Ahp hn]coXambn ocpIbpw GsXmcp Xnbn \nmtWm Ah t]SntmSp Xv AXnXs Ah hogpIbpw sNpp.
kn^mp \ntj[nI Ahew_nmdp ]psIm SnI

icnbmb Adnhpw {Kmlyinbpw Amlp \evInbncn
p Fmhpw Ffp--n a\-n-em-m Ign-bp A_PUneamb Nne hmtdmeIsfbmWv kn^mp\n tj[nI Ahew_nmdpXv.
109 Xulo-Zp AkvamC hkzn-^mv km[mcW Ah Ahew_nmdpXv Xmsg ]dbp hbmWv.
110
""bYmamsWv \o IcpXp sXfnhpI kv^Sn-Iwt]mse Hsmmbn hoWncnpp. XIp--h-sbm-sbpw XI-s-Sp--Xp-am-Wv''
1. AhcpsS hmZn\v sXfnhmbn CPvamDstm Asn AhcpsS hmZamWv bYmambsXtm sXfnbnsncnpsXtm Asn kqam\nI AwKoImcw \evInbsXtm t]mep I hmZ. 2. Amlphn\v kn^pI ncoIcnpXv Ah\v kmZriysSp \n_ambnocppsh sXp[mcW. ImcWw kn^mpI(33) ]ZmY-ns KpW--fm-Wv. AXv \ne\nevWsan icocns klmbamhiyambn hcpp. AXmIs Ahs\ kmZriysSpepamWv. 3. Amlphntev tNp ]dbm ]pXpw
ta]d hmZK-XnIp J\w

Hv :
Ah Am- l p- h n\v \ntj[nXn\v kam\amb AhcpsS hmZ ]ckv]c hncphpw Bibp Xns\ Ah Xs Ah\v ncoIcnpp.
cv:
gw \ndXpamIpp. DZmlcWn\v Ahcnsemtcm hn`mKhpw hmZnp HmIpp, _pnbpsS tXa\pkcnv hymJym\n \n_amWv FXv. asmcnSv AhcXv JnpIbpw sNpp. Cs\ hmZ ]ckv]chncp amIpXv Xs AhcpsS hmZw s]mbmsWXn\v aXnbmb sXfnhmIpp.
AmXpamb ]e Afpap ]Zfn ]nSnp XqpI. DZmlWn\v icocw (Pnkvav) Amlphp ew (lnkv) `mKw (Pnlmv) Fnh Amlphnv C Fv samn \ntj[npXpaqew Ahs kn^pIsf \ntj[npIbmIpp.(34) AhcpsS Ccw hmtdmeIsfpdndnbmhv kXyamsWv tXm \nebn ApXIcamb hmN-IsImv hfsc `wKnbmb ssienbn Ah hnhcnp XmbnmWmw. Fm hnjbw ]cntim[npIbmsWn AXv s]mbmsWv t_m[yamIpXmWv. Hcp Ihn ]dXpt]mse:
33. kn^pI Amlphns Zmn(k-bn)epX. adnv Ah BIkvanIambn hcpXmIpp shmWnhcpsS hnizmkw. 34. A[ymbw 9 Amlphns Znisbpdnv ]dbp`mKhpw A[ymbw 10 Amlphns tZlspdnv ]dbp `mKhpw t\mpI. Amlphp ew (lnkv) krjvSnI Amlphns\ DsmppshmWv CXpsImptinsSpsXn AXv Akw`hyamIpp. icnbpamIpp. adnv Amlp krjvSnIfn \npw thdnp\nev ph\mWv FmWv DtinsSpsXn AXv
aqv: Ah m]nm {ianpXn\v AhcpsS ] \mev :

Amlphns kn^mpI hnhcnpXn
icnbmb tcJbpsS ]n_ean. icnbmb tcJbpsS ]n _eanmXv AhcpsSs]mhmZsbmWdn bnpXv. hnp {]amW hymJym\alnpn. C\n AXn se NneXv hymJym\ntXpsn Xs AhbpsS {]Xyamb Aw \ev I pXn\v AXv XSamIpn Xm\pw.
Av :
Amlphns kn^pIsfpdnv ]cnip
Ckveman \nmWv \mw AdntbXv. AXv {]hmN I(r)bmWv \s ]TnnXv. Fncns AXns\ hymJym \n JdmanXzIfpw, _mXzn\nbmfpw (36) \akv I mcw, t\mv , lpt]mephsb hymJym\nXp t]msebm Ipp.
36. Iq^bnemWo {]m\n\v XpSsav ]dbsSpp. 278 XXzNnIsc ]npSncp \nXhmZnIfmWnh. kdmZivXv, akvZJv Fnhv \phpsnh hmZnpIbpmbn. inBfn\npSseSp Cu hKw apkvenw temIns \min\pw AXymlnXn\panSbmn. CkvamCuep AAvdPp_v\p Pav ^ kmZnJntev tNpsImv Ckv a mCenbm Fpw _mXzn\nbmsfpw ]dbsSmdpv. (A_nZmb: hnlmb: 11/71)
Bdv :

tZtlISnasSm _pn,
111
112
ssZhnI
hntijWsfpdnv h aqehmIy Dsmm XSamIpn. adnv Ah a\m, hmNm, IaWm AwKoIcn pIbmWv sNpI. Hcp ]t Cu aqe hmIy Xs _pnsImv hniZambn a\nemm km[np sImWsan. Asnepw _pnsImv KthjWw \Sn ssZhnIXbntev Fntcm km[npIbn FXv Cqcnse alm]nXmt]mepw kincIw kXnXmbnmWmw. AXn\m ssZh t{]mamb hN\ {]hmNIXncpta\n ]TnnXpt]mse Zphym Jym\w IqSmsX AwKoIcnemWv bYmY_pn.
21
kn^mpIsf \ntj[nphcpw D]anphcpw

\ntj[nI: PlanI, apAvXknenI, AivAcnI (37) Fnhsctmse Amlphns \ma hntijWfn tesXnepw \ntj[nph. D]anph: inBfnse Xo{hhmZnIfmb ]qhIme dm^nfnbmsftmse Amlphns hntijWsf krjvSnItfmSv D]anpsImv ncoIcn. bYmn Fm \ntj[nIfpw Ahsb D]anp hcmIpp. A{]Imcw Fm D]anphcpw \ntj[np hcpamIpp. \ntj[nIfpsS kn^mp \ntj[w hyamWv. Fm Ah D]anphcmsWv ]dbm\p ImcWw. bYm n AhcpsS hnizmk{]Imcw kn^mpIsf ncoIcn pIbmsWn kmZriysSptnhcpsa ImcWm
37. AivAco aZvl_ns m]I\mb Camw A_plk Aen A AivAcn ]nmev JpB\ntepw kpntepw aSpIbpw Am-lphns \mahntijW apgph\pw {]amWfn \nv AwKoIcnpIbpw sNbvXncnpp.

bpamWv sNp-Xv.
113
114
BZyw Ah (Am-lp-hns hnti-j-W-sf) krjvSnItfmSv D]anpIbpw ]noSv B hnti-j-W-sf ]msS \ntj[npI
D]anphcpsS ssien {]ISamWv. Fm Ch aqv \nebn Ah \ntj[nphcpwIqSnbmIpp.
Hv: Ch Amlphns hntijW ncoIcnp

aqehmIysf AhbdnbnpXv GsXmcsbmtWm AXn \npw sXnpI hgn B aqehmIyss \ntj[nphcmbncnpp. ImcWw {]amW Amlp hns alXzn\v tbmPnp \nebnep alXvKpWsf ncoIcnppv. AXv Ahs krjvSnItfmSv kmZriysSpnsm.
22
cv:
Amlphns\ Ahs krjvSnItfmSv kmZriysSp
ke^pI CapIemans\Xnsc
hN\imkv{X ]nXm ]pXpXmbn Ip]nSn amKfneqsS CkvemanI hnizmkImcyfn ISnqnb ]phm-Z-am-Wn-Xv. CXpsImptinpXv. JpB\nepw lZoYnepw {]kvXmhnshsbAh CXp-sImv FXnpI-bpapmbn. hN\imkv{Xsbpw AXwKoIcnphscbpw ]qhnI iambn XmoXp \evIpIbpw JnpIbpw sNbv X npv . F{Xtmsfsam Camw Alv a Zv (
]dbpIbpmbn: hN\imkv{X Hcnepw hnPbw {]m]npIbn. ""apXInapIsf (hN\imkv{Xsc) HmeaS, sNcnv FnhsImv ASnpIbpw tKm{XnSbn Ahsc Npn\SpIbpw sNbv X psImv JpB\pw kppw Dt]nv hN\imkv { XcpsS IqsS tNXn\p inbmWnsXv ]dbpIbpw sNWsamWv Rm I]np Xv.'' Ah Amlphnt\mSv ]mX]npXn\pw aph AhcpsS amKw ]n]mXncnm\p KpW]mTn\pw Camw )
pIbmsWn Ah\p Xpyambn bmsXmpan. (A: iqdm:11) Ah\p Xpeyambn Bcpw CXm\pw (A CJvemkv:4) XpSnb Amlphns\ Ahs krjvSnItfmSv kmZriy sSppXns\ \ntj[nemIpp. hnep Fm BbpIsfbpw
aqv: Amlphns\ Ahs krjvSnItfmSv kmZriysSp

pIbmsWn cnXmhns\ Fm hn[nepw ]cn]qW\mb krjvSnItfmSv ]e \yq\XIfpap kmZriysSpn FXpsImv Amlphn\v \n_ambpw Dmbncnt ]cn]qWXsbbmWv \ntj[nncnpXv.

im^nCu(
115
116
)]d--Xn\v Cu hmn\v AlcmWh. C\n
Ipdn-p \ hnNm-c-m tNp ]d-bp--h-cm-bn-cnpp! ap ]ecpw A]-{K-Yn-m ]eXpw Cq- A]-{KYn- n- p- s A_ [mc- W - b m- Wh p- - X v . As\ -Ccm v JpB\nse Fm hN\fpw HmXntn pIbmsW nepw hN\imkv{XcpsS hmn\n ]sanepw e`nsnte Ch Xr]vXcmIq, XpSv Atlw ]dp: Cu ImcynemIs AmXnemIs hN\ imkv{X-ns Bfp-I-fn \npw Amhcn\npambn \mw FSp-p--cn hmp-I Fmw Xs \psS A`n-{]mb-ambn \mw ]dbpn. ]t kXyw Bcp ]dmepw AXv kzoIcnstS--Xm-Ip-p. (^Xmhm C_v\pssXan 5/99 t\mpI.) ChnsS ssiJp Ckvemw ( hmpIfn \npXs ) GXp a\pjycn \nmsW sXfnhv
asmcp \nev t\mpIbmsWn ]cn{àhpw ]nimNpw Cu hn`mKs IogSnbXmbnmWmw. AXn\m \apv AhtcmSv klX]nmw. Ahp _m[n Cu tcmKn \npw \s csSpnb Amlphns\ kvXpXnpIbpw sNmw. \apv AhcpsS hnjbn c`n{]mbamWpXv . A h s c a c y m Z ] T n n p I b p w A h s c Cu h n i z m k w {]NcnnpXn \nv XSbpIbpw sNpI F aX]camb _m[yXbmWXv. asmv AXv Amlphns \nbamsW \nev AhtcmSv IcpW ImWnpIbpw Ahp _m[n Cu Ahbn \npw c \Inb Amlphns\ kvXpXnpIbpw sNpI FXpamIpp. CapIeman {]thinv AXns Bgntev CdnsmhscbmWv Ghpw IqSpX `bstSXv. FpsImsm CXn Xosc {]thinmh\msWn Ah Cu tcmKn \npw ap\mbncnpp. C\n AXns Bgntev FnbhcmsWn Chcnse {]apJcn NnepmbXpt]mse AhcpsS hgntISns\ pdnv t_m[ysSpIbpw JpB\ntepw kpntepw aSpIbpw sNpXmWv.(40) Fm k]mhn \nv sXn Imcyw t_m[ysSmsX A_n Ahtijnp hcpsS Imcyambncnpw A]ISnemhpI. ssiJp Ckvemw C_v\pssXanb ( ) Xs Cu ^Xvh-
nepw kXyw hyamepw AhcpsS t\XmmcpsS AhsXncnep kanepamWv eyampXv.
bnse Cu A[ymbn hfscb[nIw apXInapIfpsS hmpI FSppcnncnpp. Atlw ]dp: Fm hn[ XXzimkv{Xsfmfp]cn hnipJpB\pw kppw ke^pIfpsS amKhpw Xs \apv aXnsbnepw A[nI P\fpw Nne hN\ imkv{X hn`m-K--fn-tev Ahsc
40. DZmlcWn\v CamwKmen, A_plk AivAcn ( ) t]mep h. A[ymbw 9 t\mpI.
117
118
hnizmkhpambn _sp \_nam sImphnph bmYmyanm D]aIfpw Dulmt]mlfpamIpp shmWv. ChsImptinpXv s]mXp\bpw _lp`qcn `mKw P\pw D]ImcapmbncnpI FXpamIpp. AYhm P\tfmSv \nv alm\pw i\pw ImcpWy hm\pw Fmw ASn`cnph\pamb Hcp cnXmhps pw \nsfmhcpw ]p\PohnnsSp Hcp Znhkw hcm\ncnpp. Av \nfpsS Iav {]Xnêw \evIpsapsamw ]dbpXn Ch-cpsS hmZ {]Imcw Hcp bmYmYyansnepw \ne\nevphcmIpp. A`n-e-j-Wo-b-amb amKn
23
AyZn\nepap hnizmkn \nv hyXnNenh

\_nbpsSbpw AhnSps A\pNcmcpsSbpw kpIrX n Ahsc A\pKanhcpsSbpw Adnhnepw Ianepap sNmmb amKsamsWv Ah[m\XtbmsS At\zjn phv a\nemphm km[npw. Amlphnepw AyZn\nepw bYm hnizmkw DsmpIbpw AXv bYmw XsbmsWv kXnpIbpw sNbvXhcmWh. AhcpsS Iafn Ah EPpam\kvIcpw Amlphns \nbasf A\pKanphcpambncpp. Amlphn amscsbnepw ]ptNpItbm, aXn ]pXpXmbh ISnqpItbm t`ZKXnhcppItbm, IfhmpItbm sNmhcmWh.
Amlphnepw
Ch cp hn`mKapv:
1) AXncpIhnh, 2) anXhmZnI
AXncpIhnhcpsS hmZw: \_namv Cu ImcyfpsS bmYmYyw AdnbpIbn. adnv ssZhnI Zi\aphmWv Ah Adnbm IgnbpI. Amlphns\pdnpw AyZn\s pdnpw P\fn shv Ghpw IqSpX Adnbphcmbn, \_namtcm Cu XXzm\nI mWdnbpI FmW hcpsS hnizmkw. anXhmZnIfpsS hnizmkw: \_namv Cmcysfmw Adnbmsanepw P\fpsS s]mXp \pthn kXytmSv tbmPnm `mh\m]camb ImcyfmWv P\tfmSv ]dXv. AtXizmkn Xs {]hmNIcpsS IfhpIfp smp Ccw amKfneqsSbmsX ASnaIv s]mXp\bpmIpIbn Fh hmZnpIbpw sNpp. ChnsS Hmas hn`mKw, {]hmNIm Adnhnm hcmsWv hn[n ]dbptm cmas hn`mKw, {]hmNI m hImcpw IhmZnIfpamsWv hn[npp. Amlphns\pdnpw AyZn\spdnpw `mh\bn \nv P]nphcpsS hmZfmWnXv. C\n IafpsS ImcyfnemIs, HmtcmcptcmSpw
hyXnNenh aqv hn`mKamIpp.

`mh\mw, hymJym\nph, AX \Snph P]nph:
1) Alvep--Jvbo AYhm `mh-\-bpsS hm-:

XXzNnIcpw _mXzn\nbmfpw ChcpsS ]mX kzoIcn Fm apXInapIfpw CXns]Spp. ChcpsS icnbmb hnizmk{]Imcw Amlphns\pdnpw AyZn\ns
119
120
I]nsXns\ Ahcnsemcp hn`mKw bmYmyambn a\nempp. asmcp hn`mKamIs Iasf `mh\m Iambpw {]XoImIambpw ImWpp. ChcpsS hoW {]Imcw Ia km[mcWmpXmWv. {][m\nI pX. As\ AhcpsS clkyfdnbpXns\ \akvImcambpw Ah adpshpXv {hXambpw AhcpsS ssiJpamcpsS ASptev bm{X sNpXv lmbpw Ah hymJym\npp. Ch XsbmWv CkvamCueymfnsebpw _mXzn\nbmfnsebpw aX\ntj[nI. A\p`hhpw _pnbpw aXhpw ChcpsS Cu hmns A]ISw hyampp. A{]Imcw Amlphns AkvXnXz sbpw Ahs ]cn]qWamb hntijWsbpw Adnbnp IWnm ZrjvSm \mw Iphcpp. Fm hkvXpfnepw Ah\v Hmtcm ZrjvSmapv. Ah (ssZhw) Hcph\msWdnbnpXmWXv. hyhm]nXambn cq]w sImnp Cu {]]nse kIeam\ hkvXpfpw Fmn\pw Ignhp Hcp hyhsSp nb AKm[m\nbnmsX Xms\ Dmbn Fv Fs\ hnizknpw? Amlphns ]cn]qWamb Adnhpw Fm hn[ [akwlnXIfpw DsmpXmWv AyZn\hn izmkw. AlmcnIfpw _pn{àw _m[nhcp amsX AXns\ \ntj[npIbn. `mh\mw P]npXn \npw BfpI hnIpt]mbnsmncnpXv kv]jvS-ambncns IqSpX Hpw Ahsc JWvTnt Bhiyan.
FXn- c m- I p AfmWv . Fm P\ AhcpsS _pnsImv A\pam\nsSpp coXnbn B aqehmIy sf hnncnppshpamWv ChcpsS bYm hnizmkw. AtXmsSmw B aqehmIyfpsS {]Xyamb As Ahcptinp Antev XncnphnSm {ianp Ibpw sNpp. AhcpsS _pn]conepw {]Xyambn An \nv sXnm\p {ians hn {]Xnêhpw, `mjbnse HsXpw Akm[mcW hpamb {]tbmKsf AhXcnnemWv AXpsImp eyw. P\fn shv Ghpw henb Bibpgnepw, sshcp[ynepamWh. w FpsImsm Chv hymJym\nm IgnbpXpw IgnbmXpw AXn\ptim \nWbnmt\m km[yamIp ANeamb sscy an FXmIpp ImcWw. am{Xhpa hN\imkv{X km[mcWbmbn hmZnm dp A-, kwkm-cn-pbmfpsS Ahbn \npw hmNIns LS\bn \npwXs AhcpsS hymJym\m a AXpsImnhnsS DtinsSpXv Fv hyamIp XmWv. Ch kpns\ klmbnphcmsWv ]pdw]qn ImWnpIbpw Amlphns\ ]cnipnsSppp shv A`n\bnpIbpw sNpp. ]t, Amlp AhcpsS hmtdmeIv adp]Sn \Insmpw, sXfnhpIsf Zp_eamnsmpw Ahsc XpdpImnbncnpp. ssiJp Ckv e mapw ap ]nXmcpw Chv adp]Sn sImSppXn\v cwKphnpv . ap InIsfm IqSpX
(42)
2) Fm hymJym-\-m AYhm AlvepAv-ho

Plvanbmfnsebpw apAvXknenbmfnsebpw Ahsc ]npShcnepap hN\ imkv{XcmWnh. \_n( r) sImph Amlphns hntijWsfhnhcnp aqehmIyfpsS _mlyamb Aa Ah sImv DtinsSpXv. adnv \_n(r)v Adnbmhp AXn-t\mSv
Ch kpns\ ChcnemWv
klmbnphcmsWv P\nSbn \SnpXn\m BfpI hnXcmIm km[yX.
42. A[ymbw Ccp]Xv t\mpI

dnv hymJym-\-m-cpsS aXw:
121
122
AyZn\hpambn _sv hn-p aqehmIysfIphymJym\anmsX hnizknWsamIpp. Fm Amlphns hntijW Imcyn hnhcnp aqehmIysf AhbpsS bYm An \np sXnv AhbpsS _mlyamb An\v hncpamIp BemcnImw \ev I pI FXmWv ChcpsS \ne]mSv. `mh\mw P]nph Chsc kwkmcwsImv IogSpIbpw Amlphns hntijWsf hymJym\nXpt]mse Ay\mfns Imcyn AhXcnns aqehmIy sfbpw hymJym\nm \n_nXcmpIbpmbn. hymJym\np h AhcpsS Cu hmZn\v ]d\ymbw C{]Imc ambncpp: ]ctemIapsv ncoIcnpsImmWv dkq ( r ) hnpsXv Rv AdnbmhpXpw AXn\v hncp-amb kt-l--fnse _men-iX R a\-n-em-p-Ibpw sNbv X n- p- v . AXn\m AXp ncoIcn A\n- h m- c yam-Wv. CXv Amlphntev aSsSpsaXns sXfnhpIsf hymJym\nm Xpw ]mSnmsbpw AXns\ AXns bYmmYn Xs hnizknWsa hmZapsm `mh\mw \evIphcpsS hnizmks Jnp sXfnhpw icnbmb adp]Snbpw IqSnbmIpp. ImcWw sXfnhv ncsSpIbpw XSanmXmIpIbpw sNbvXm sXfnhdnbnpXv ncsSp-XmWv. Amlphns hntijWsf ncoIcnpXnepw AXpambn _s aqehmIysf hymJym\w IqSmsX Xs hnizknWsaXn\v AXns\ hymJym\np hsXncn AlvepppIm DbnXpw CtX sXfnhmbncpp. Ah hymJym\nphtcmSv C{]Imcw ]dbpIbpmbn: Amlphns hntijWsf ncoIcnp sImmWv dkq(r) hnpsXv \apdnbmhpXmWv.
AXns\ \ntj[npXnse Zqjyw R a\nempIbpw sNbvXncnpp. Fncns AXv ncoIcn \n_ amIpp. Amlphns hntijWsf hymJym\nphv Hgnpamdm ]mhn[nep hyamb sXfnhmWnXv. ImcWw Amlphntev aSsSpsa hnjbnep aqehmIys AXns bYm AYn \npw sXnpXns\ XSbphv JpB\n AXnt\m IqSpX alchpw ncsXpamb Amlphns hntijWsf sXn-p--Xns\ \n_ambpw XStbnbncnpp.AXnh XmdmIm ]w AXv AhcpsS ]ckv]csshcpysbpw _pnbpsS XIcmdpamWv hyampXv.
3) AX \Snph:
kpntepw apKmanIfntepw tNp]dbphcm Wnh-cn-e-[n-Ihpw. ChcpsS hnizmkns ASnm\w Xs Amlphns hntijWsfpdnv {]hmNI ( r ) sImphnpXv Aadnbm Ahyamb hmpIfm IppshmWv. AXmbXv {]hmNI ( r ) Amlphns hntijWfpsS Aw AdnbmsX bmbncpp Ah ]dncpsXpt]mepw Ah hnizknpp. AtXmsSmw Amlphns hntijWfpsS Imcyn _pnv {]thi\ansv Ch Xs hmZnpp. Cu ASnm\n ChcpsS hnizmk{]Imcw \_n( r )pw AhnSps A\pNcmpw apKmanIfmb CamapIpw Cu hnjbn _pn]camb Adnthm {]am-W-_--amb Adnthm Cm FXmIpp. CXp Ipsh \pWbmsWXn kwi-b-an-. Amlphns hntijWpsS Imcyn Ch kzoIcn amKw AhbpsS As Amlphn `ctaev]npsImv ]Zs DcphnSpIsbXmWv. AXn ]ckv]cw hncpamIp
123
124
hcpw Ahcnepv. DZmlWn\v Ah ]dbpp: kn^mpIv Amlphn\msX ampw Adnbm _mlym- t mSv tbmPn- m hymJym\ apsnepw {]XyambXv \nWbnpsImSptXm Ippsh sshcp[yw \nd{]ISamWv. ImcWw Amlphn\msX ampw Adnbm Hcp hymJym\w AXn\psn ]ns Fs\bmWv AhbpsS {]Xyamb Aw sImSppI.? ChbpsS Cu coXnsbpdnv ssiJp Ckv e mw ( Atlns
AdnbnIpIbn Fpambncnpw Cu hnizmkns ]cnWnXêw.
CXn-\p adp-]-Snbpw hnhn[ cq]-n-ep-v Hv: Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp

DtinpXv FmWv \apdntbXv.
Bbp
Ifn ]ckv]c kmZriyaps hmZwsImv FmWnh AhbpsS As Bi-b-Ip-g--ap-Xpw Ahy--hp-am-p-I-bmtWm? AX-m, AhbpsS bmYmYyw Bi-b-Ip-g--ap-Xpw Ahy-am-b-Xp-amWv FmtWm Ah-cp-t-in-p-Xv? Hmas AamWv Ch DtinpsXn AXp Xs-bmWv AhcpsS Dtiyw Amlphns hntijW sfpdnp BbpI Bibn Ahy-Xbphb. ImcWw AhbpsS Aw hyamWv. AX cmas AamWv Dtiysan Amlphns \mahntijWsfpdnp BbpI Ah\n s]XmIpp. ImcWw AhbpsS bmYmyhpw cq]hpw Amlphn\msX ampw Adnbn. CXpsImpXs Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp BbpIsf Bibn kmZriyaphbmsWv s]mXpsh ]dbpXv icnbmhpIbn. adnv hniZoIcWw BhiyamIpp.
dGh dG
(AAJvep hJv) F
{Kns hmfyw 1 t]Pv 121 ]dbpp: ""kpnsbpw ke^pmenlpIfpsSbpw amKs]n]ppsh X^vhofv hmZnIfpsS hmZw XnIpw ssZh\ntj[nIfpsSbpw \qX\hmZnIfpsSbpw Zpjn A`n{]mbamsWv a\nemmw'' Cu hn`mKm sXfnhmbn DcnpXv Xmsg ImWp kqamIpp. Fm a\pIfn h{IXbph Ipgapmm DtinpsImv ZphymJym\w \Sm B{KlnpsImpw, ASnbpdhcmIs Ah ]dbpw. ""R AXn hnizknn cnpp. Fmw \psS cnXmhn \np XmIpp.'' (Bep Cwdm : 7) Fmbnse nemWv. cpapJhpctbmsSbmWv Ah ChcpsS Cu hmtdme kanm {iannpXv. "" Amlphn\v am{Xta '' Adnbq Fv apKmanI \evInb Ans ASnm\
cv:
Bbn ]dbsnp
jhCJ
FXv, ]Zs
AXns _mlym-n \npw AXns _mlymn\v hncpambXntev Xncn--hnSemIppsh AhcpsS hmZw icn- b . ImcWw Bbn ]dbs \_n( r )bpsS A\pNcmpw Ad_nIpwAhcpsS `mjbnemWtm hnipJpBAhXcnnsXv ]cnNbanm ]pXnb {]tbmKamWnhnsS Dtins SpXv. XAvhoen\p cYw am{Xta Ahv ]cnNbapq. 1 HpIn AXns Aw X^v k o (hymJym\w) F m b n c n p w Cu ASnm\n CXdnbmhpXpambncnpw.
jhC J
FXn\v
Hv : cv:
Amlphns \mahntijWsfpdnp
BbpI Bibn kmZriyap hN\fmIpp. Bbn ]dbsnp
jhCJ
(XAvho) FXv:
]Zns {]Xyn \npw AXn\v hncpambXntev sXnemIpp. Atm Amlphns \mahntijW sfpdnp BbpI AhbpsS {]Xyamb An\v hncphpw, AXv Amlphn\msX ampw
dG Sq dGh
Adnhphv Adnhn
ASnbpdnh ta]d kqdp BepCwdm\nse: 7 mw
125
126

a\nempXn\pw [rXnbn
hN\ns\ hniZoIcnpsImv C_v \ p Amkv ( t ) ]dXpt]mse (Rm AhbpsS hymJym\adnbp Adnhn ASnbpdhcn s]h\mWv) FXns ASnm\n ]qhnIcn ]ecpw Cu hni-Zo-I-cWw \evIpp. 2 Hcp hkvXp-hns bmYmyw Fm-bn-cnpw
`mjbnemWv hnipJpB AhXcnnsnpXv . am{Xhpa, JpB\ns\pdnv NnnpXn\pw Zo\ns ASnm\mib aptmphXpw AhcmWtm. A_qA_vZpdlvam\pean ( t ) ]dbpp: Rv JpB ]Tnnp Xncphcmb Dkvam\p_v\pA^v^m\pw (t) A_vZnmln_v\p akvDuZpw (t) RtfmSv ]dbpIbp mbn: "Ah \_n ( r ) bn \nv ]v BbpI ]TnpIgnm Ah icnpw, ]TnpIbpw Ahbnep Adnhpt\SpIbpw Atlw ]dp: AX\pkcnv As\ {]hnpIbpw JpB ]Tnp sNpXphscASp hN\fntev ISpIbn.' R Adnhpt\SpIbpw IqsS AX\pkcnv {]hnpIbpw sNbvXp. Ah JpB ]TnXv C{]Imcambncns Zo\n {][m\s Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp BbpIfpsS Aw Chv AdnbmsX t]mIpXv Fs\bmWv? \mev: AhcpsS B hmZn \npw Amlp Ahs hyamb {Kn Aw hyam shdpw s]mbmb Nne ]Z Cdnbncnppshpw Ah Ad_n `mjbnse tIhew AcamebpsS m\v am{XamsWpw hnizkn \n_ambnocpp. Cu hnizmkw Amlp Ahs {Ksbpw {]hmNIs\bpw GsXmcp Imcyn\mtWm AbncnpXv AXns bpnsb \ntj[npXmWv.
{inpI:
CubSnm\n Amlp Xspdnpw ]ctemIs pdnpw AdnbnpXXns "XAvho' \apv AdnbpX. ImcWw AXv AXns bYmnepw cq]nepambncnpw. AXmIs \apv AdnbpIbnXm\pw. Camw amenIv (d)bpw apw bn. Amlphns knwlmk\mtcmlWspdnv ""AXns kmm hymJym\w ]dXpt]mse AXns bYmhpw cq]hpw \apdnbpI
dG EG jhCJ jeh
Amlphn\v am{Xta AdnbpIbpq'' (Bep Cwdm:7) F ta]d Amlphns hN\ns ASnm\n apKmanIfn A[nIt]cpw Cu coXn-bn-emWv ]d-Xv. aqv: Amlp JpB AhXcnnpXnpXv
Nnnpt\mpXn\p thnbmIpp. AXnse apgph BbpIsfbpw Nnnpt\mm thn t{]cnnpIbpw sNppv. Amlphns hntijWsf {]Xn]mZnp hN\sf am{Xw AXn \nv Hgnhmnbnn. ChnsS Nnnm t{]cnnpp FXpXs AhbpsS Aw a\nemm Ignbpw FXn\memWv. AXn\pkm[yambn cppshn Nnnm t{]cnnpXn\v Aan. ImcWw Fntcm Ignbm Hcp Imcys t{]cnn pXv Hcp \ncIamb kwkmcamIpp. Ccw \ncI kwkmcn \npw Amlphpw Ahs {]hmNI\pw ]cnipcmIpp. Cs\ JpB\nse Hmtcm Imcynepw Nnnphm t{]cnnpXn \npw Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp hN\fpw Nnnv a\nemm Ignbpsav hy- a m- I p- p. Cu Aw a\nemm Ghpw A\ptbmPyambh \_n( r )bpw AhnSps A\pNcmcpamWv. FpsImsm AhcpsS
ta]dhbn \npw "XAv h oen'\v aqv Aap sv \mw a\nempIbpmbn: Hv: X^vko AYhm Ahpw hncWhpw hyampI FXmIpp. `qcn]w hymJymXmfpw Cu BibamWv "XAvho' F ]Zn\v kzoIcnXv. CXpXsbmWv C_v\p -
127
128
Amkv ( t )\pthn \_n( r): Amlpth, Ctln\v \o aXn hnm\w \evIpIbpw, hymJym\w (XAvho) ]TnnpIbpw sNtWta
(43)
emsWpw, Amlphns Ins\ Ahs inbpw A\p{Klhpw BsWXpw t]msebp hymJym\ CXn\v DZmlcWfmWv.
hnipJpB hymJym\ntp coXn
{]mY\sImv
DtinpXpw. Cmcyw Amlphns kn^pIsf pdnp BbpIfnepw apw _m[IamIpp. cv: Hcp kwK-Xn-bpsS ]cy-h-km-\-s-Ip-dn-p AXns bmYmyw. "XAv-ho' F-Xn\v Cu AYamWv JpB \nepw kpnepw kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-bXv. Amlp ]dbpp: AXns bmYmyw (]pepImWm\msX) ap hXpamtWm Ah t\mnsmncnpXv? (A AAvdm^v: 53) AXmWv Dahpw Ayên Ghpw \
C_v\pAmkv ( t ) ]dXmbn DcnsSpp: hnipJpB\n\v \mev coXnbnep hymJym\apv. (44) 1. Ad_nI AhcpsS `mj-bn \ndnbp hymJym\w. 2. XfpsS AXaqew Hcmfpw Ipn \nv HgnhmImXmb hymJym\w. 3. ]nXmdnbmhp hymJym\w 4. Amlphn\v am{Xw Adnbmhp hymJym\w. CXv Bscnepw Adnbpsav hmZnpIbmsWn Ah IhmZnbmIpp.
]cyhkm\hpw (A CkvdmAv:35) hntijW {]Xn]mZnp hN\sf AXns bmYmyw F Cu AYw sImv hymJym\npI FXv. Amlphn\msX AdnbpIbpw C. aqv: ]Zns _mlymn \npw AXn\v hncpambXntev sXnemIpp. CXv ]nmemcmb hN\imkv{XcpsSbpw apw kmtXnI {]tbmKamIpp. Ch \Xv, NoXv Fns\ cv hn`mKamWv. \Xv: sXfnhpIfpsS ASnm\nepXmWv.
Hv:
Ad_nI AhcpsS kwkmcn \ndnbp
hymJym\w: `mjbnse ]ZmhenIfpsS hnhcWfmWv (amkapd),
QdG
(XebnWI),
dG
Ab
(Kpl) XpSnb
]ZfpsS hnhcWw.
cv:
XfpsS AXaqew Hcmfpw Ipn \nv
HgnhmImXmb hymJym\w: Amlphns\ Ahs \ma hntijW aptJ\ AdnbpI, AyZn\spdnv AdnbpI, ipn, \akvImcw, kImv, XpSn hnizmk]c ambpw Ia]cambpw Adnb A\n-hm-cy-ambhbpsS hnhcW.
DZmlWn\v: \o JpB ]mcmbWw sNpIbmsWn i]ns ]nimNn \nv Amlphnt\mSv icWw tXSnsmpI. (Alv:98) F Amlphns hN\n\v \o ]mcmbWw sNm DtinpIbmsWn Fv hymJym\npXpt]mse. No: {]amWns ]n_eanmXv Amlp Ahs knwlmk\n BtcmlnX\mIpXns\ A[nImcta
43. kzlolp_pJmcn (140) knkneplol: 2589
aqv:
hdG S
]nXmv Adnbmhp hymJym\w: AYhm hymJym\nptm a\ncpt (BbpIfpsS AhXcWtlXp)
hnipJpB
Gh SdG ( Z p _ e s S p p X p w Z p _ e s X p w ) UGh dG (s]mXphmbXpw {]tXyIambXpw) HGh G

44. Camw C_v\p Pcodp_vco (d)bpsS X^vkodp_vcn 1/75 t\mpI

m km[yamIpXmWv.
129
130
(\nba_eapXpw, ]ckv]c kmZriyapXpw) XpSnbh AdnbpXpaptJ\ ]nXmmhpw a\nem
\mev:
Amlphnv am{Xw Adnbmhp hymJym\w: CXv
24
Amlp Xspdnpw, ]ctemIspdnpw ]dXns bmYmyfmWv. ChbpsS Aw \apv Adnbmsanepw AXns bYmsamWv AdnbpIbn. DZmlcWw: Amlp knwlmk\mtcm-l-X\mbn FXns Aw \apdnbmw. Fm AXns bYm cq]tam, `mhtam \apdnbpIbn. A{]Imcw Amlp kzKn epsv \apv AdnbnpX ]gw, tX, shw, ]m XpSnbhbpsS Aw \apv a\nemIpw. ]t AXns bYmYcq]tam atm \psS Adnhnen. Amlp ]dbpXv t\mq. Fm Ah {]hnncpXn\p {]Xnêambn smv IIpfnnp Fsmw ImcyfmWv Ahpthn clkyamnshsnpsXv Hcmpw AdnbmhpX. (APZ:17) C_v\p Amkv (t) ]dbpp: t]cpIsfmgnv kzKnep Xn\v kmZriyap bmsXmpw Xs CltemInen. (45) CXn \npw hnipJpB\n Amlphns \ma hntijWfpsS bmYmy, AyZn\spdnv Amlp Adnbnnph XpSn Amlphn\msX ampadnbmhbpsv hyamIpp. Fm Cu ]Z-fneqsS \apv kp]cnNnXamWv. AXpsImmbncnmw Cu ]Zsfsmv Amlp \s A`nkwt_m[\w sNpXv.
_mly Aw kzoIcnWsav ]dh:
Amlphns hntijWsf {]Xn]mZnp BbpIfnepw lZokpIfnepw

Alvep Jn_vemcpsS `nnpI
Alvep Jn_ve sImv DtinsSpXv Jn_vebn tev X ncnv \akv I cnphscbmWv . Ckv e mantev tNp]dbphscmw Chcn s]Spp. Ch Bdv hn`mKapv. cv hn`mKw: AhbpsS _mly-amb An kzoIcnWsa A`n-{]m-b-m. cv hn`mKw: _mly An\v FXn-cm-bXv kzoI-cn-W-sa hmZ-m. cv hn`mKw: au\w Zon-p-I-bmWv thXv F A#n{]m-b-ap--h.
YCG dG. Am-sb-n

{]tbm-P-\-ap-m-In-.
B A`nkw-t_m-[\ sImv bmsXmcp
1. G (kmZriyhmZnI):
FXnnpv.
Ch Amlphns
\mahntijWsf krjv S nIfptSXn\v kmZriysSpn. ChcpsS amKw ]ngXmIpp. apKmanI AXns\
45. knkneplol: 2188
2. dG (]qhnI):
Amlphns
{]Xm]n\v
A\ptbmPyamb \nebn Amlp hyamnbXv {]Imcw
hnizknph. hnipJpB\pw, Xncpkppw AdnbnpXpw icnbmb ]mXbpamWv ChcpsS amKw. Cu cphn`mKnpanSbnep hyXymkw. Hmas hn`mKw kmZriysSpptm cmas hn`mKw AXns\ FXnpp. kmZriysSpphDZmlcWambn Amlphns Adnhv , Cd, ssI Fnhsbpdnv Chsbmw krjvSnIfptSXvt]msebmsWv am{Xta F\ndnbpIbpq Fv ]dbpIbmsWn AXn\v ]e adp]SnIfpapv. Hv: krjvSnbpw {kjvSmhpw Xn Fm KpWfnepw hyXymkapsv _pnbpw {]am-Whpw sXfnbnncnpp. Atm {kjvSmhns hntijW Ah\v tbmPnp \nebnepXmWv. krjvSnbpsS hntijW Ahv tbmPnp \nebnepapXmWv. krjvSnbpw {kjvSmhpw Xn AcapsXn\v JpB \Ip sXfnhv Ah\p Xpeyambn bmsXmpan. (Aiv iqdm:11) _pn]camb sXfnhv: Fm \nepw ]cn]qW\mb {kjvSmhvAh ]cn]qW\mbncnpI FXv Ahs km]c- a mb A\nhmcyamWv Fs\bmWv B ]cn]qWXbp-h \yq\XIfp krjvSntbmSv kmZr-iys- S pI?! \yq\X FXv Ahs km]c- a mb A\nhmcyhpamWvAhs \yq\X \nIph\ntev Ah Bhiymc\pamIpp. cv: krjvSnIfpsS (Zmn) ktbmSv kmZriyanm Hcp k Amlphn\pmbncnWsav \o IcpXpnt? Fv \mw ChtcmSv tNmZnpIbmsWn AtX Fmbncnpw AhcpsS adp]Sn. Fn ]ns krjvSnIfpsS hntijWv kmZriyanm hntijWfpw Ah\psv a\nemWsamWv AhtcmSv ]dtbXv. ImcWw kn^mns\ (hntijWs) ]dbpXpt]mse
131
XsbmWv Zmns\pdnv ]dbpXpw. ChnSbn thXncnph sshcp[yamWv ]dbpXv. aqv: krjvSnIfpsS hntijW \mw Iphcpp. Ah t]cn tbmPnppshnepw AhbpsS cq]n hyXymkapv. DZmlcWn\v arKfpsS ssIns\tmse b a\pjycpsS ssI. Atm krjvSnIfpsS hntijW t]cn sFIysSpptXmsSmw cq]n hyXymksSm san krjvSnbpsSbpw {kjvSmhnsbpw hntijW nSbn FpsImpw hyXymksSmhp XmWv. am{Xa, app ]dXpt]mse krjvSnpw {kjvSmhn\panSbn Acapmbncn \n_amIpp. kn^mpIfpsS _mly An\v hn]coXambXv kzoIcnWsav hmZnp cv hn`mKm Ch Amlphn\v JK (ncXamb) hntijWaps Xns\ \ntj- [ n- p- - h - c m- W v . Asn Ahbn NneXns\ \ntj[nphcmWv. AXpasn hntijWsqSmsX AhbpsS AhIsf am{Xw ncoIcnphcmWv . DZmlcWw: Adnbph\mWv F Amlphns bmb (ncamb) kn^. adnv Hmtcm Imcyw \Sp k`n Ah AXv Adnbppshv am{Xw. Ah Xmsg ]dbphcmWv. 1. Plvanbmfnse kn^mv \ntj[nIfpw Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp aqehmIysf Ahcptin A \evIn hymJym\nphcpw. DZmlcWw: Amlphns Ins\ Ahs A\p{Kl sapw knwlmk\m tcm-lnX\mIpXns\ A[nImctap shpw hymJym\n. 2 Amlphns hntijWsfpdnp aqehmIy sfsmp Dtiyw Amlphnt Adnbq. ]t AXpsImv Amlphn\nmsmcp hntijWs m]n Dtinpn Fv \apdnbpw Fv ]dv AX \SnphcpsS hmv sshcp[ySnbXmWv.
"Benw' Yp_qn
132
kn^v
133
25
Alvep-p--n-s\-Xn-cn Btcm-]n-p ]cn-lm-k-t-cp-I

Hmtcm \_n-ampw hmv, {]hn, IpX-{-, Ip{]Nm-c-W- XpSn X-fm km[y-am-Ip--h-sImv kXyn \nv sXnp--Xn-\mbn Ip-hm-fn-I-fn \np i{Xpsf \n-bn--pIsb-Xv Am-lp-hns bpn-bn s]-XmIp-p. AXp-aqew kXyw shfn-hm-Ip-Xn\pw Ak-Xys AXnP-bn-p--Xn-\p-am-Wn-Xv. \_n(-r)bpw kzlm-_n-Ifpw Ccw [mcmfw ]oU-\-v hnt[-b-cm-bn-p-v. Amlp ]d-bpp: \nv apv thZw \I-s--h-cn\npw _lp-ssZ-hmcm-[-I-cn \npw \n [mcmfw Ipp-hm-p-I tItn-h-cn-Ibpw sNpw. (B-ep-Cw-dm: 186) A{I-an-I-fmb _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I \_n(-r)pw A\p-N-cmpw Pme-hn-Zy-m-c, {`m, tPymy, I-hmZn XpSnb iIm-chpw ]cn-lm-k-apsm-p H-\-h[n No-tcp-Ifpw hnfn-p-I-bpmbn. hn-izmkhpw hn-m-\hp-ap {]hm-NIs A\-cmhIminI-fmb ]n-X-mpw {]hm-N-I-m-sc-tmse _lp-ssZ-hmcm-[-I-cn \npw ]cn-lm-k-t]-cp-Ifpw aZ-\--fp-tat-n-
\qX-\-hm-Zn-I
h-p. hkvXp-\njvSambn Adn-hn-m Fm In-Ifpw Alvepp--n-s-Xn-csc Bt-]-fpw iIm-c-hjhpw sNmcnp. Hp-In X kXy-nepw ap--h Ak-Xy-n-epam-sW sXn-m-c-W. As-n X-fpsS In-tbm-Sp AXn-cp-IS ]-]m-Xn-Xzw-. CXmWv Alvep-p-ns\Xnsc hmtfm-m A-hsc t{]cn-n--Xv. P-lvan-bm-fpw Ahsc ]np-S kn^mp \ntj-[n-Ifpw Alvep-p--ns\ e "kn^-p-Isf kmZr-iy-s-Sp-p-h-scv' Btcm-]n-p-p. Am-lp-hns hnti-j-W-sf nco-I-cn-p-Xv krjvSn-I-tfmSv Ahs\ kmZr-iy-s-Sp- A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-h-cp-p-sh Ah-cpsS s]m-bmb hmZ-a-\pk-cn-mWv. inbm--fnse Xo{h-hm-Zn-I-fmb dhm-^n-fn-I Alvep-p-ns\ UGf (i-{XpX ]pep--h-sc-v) Btcm-]n-p-p. ImcWw Alvep-p--p-Im \_n(-r)-bpsS IpSpw-_s Dan-{X--fm-n-b-Xp-t]mse A_q-_- (t)s\bpw Da (t)s\bpw D-an-{X--fm-p--h-cm-Wv. Fm A_q-_- (t)hns\bpw Da(t)s\bpw D-an-{X--fm-p-h \_n(-r)-bpsS IpSpw-_-n-t\mSv i{Xp-X-]p-ep--h-cm-sWmWv dm^nfnbm--fpsS hmZw. AXn--cp-hn ]-]m-Xn-waqew kzlm-_n-Ifn {]ap-J-cmb "A_q-_-(t)-hnt\mSpw Da(t)-t\mSpw i{XpX sh-msX Alvepss_-n-t\mSv kvt\l-ap-m-Ip-X-'' Fm-W-h-cpsS Nnm-KXn. kn^mp \ntj-[n-Ifmb JZvcn-bm- Alvep-p-ns\ I "\n_--am-p--h' Fv Btcm-]n-p-p. ImcWw Am-lp-hns JZvdn hniz-kn- AYhm a\p-jy-cpsS {]h-\- Amlp t\cs IW-m-p-pv F hn[n-bn-ep hn-izm-kw, krjvSn-Isf sXn\v \n_-n--emsW-mWv Ch-cpsS hnizm-kw. hn-izm-k-n CkvXn-Yv\mAv (Hgn-hm-n-]-d-b) ]mSn Fv ]d-bp apPn-B- Alvep-p--ns\ (T)
(47)
134
47. a\pjycpsS {]h\sf hnizmkfn \npw thsSpn Ahsb ]ctemItv ]nnphcmWv Ch.
"kwi-b-ap-m-p--h' Fv Btcm-]n-p-p. Fp-sIm-sm Ch-cp-sS-b-Sp- hnizmkw tIhew lrZ-bw-sIm-p AwKo-Imcw am{X-am-Wv. CXn Amlp Dt-in-m Fv ]dbp-Xv kwi-b-ap-m-p--XmWv!! hN\ imkv{X-cpw X imkv{X-Im-cmcpw (Gh dG gCG) Alvep-p--ns\ (AZ ,HGf ,jM) ""li-hn-, \hm-_n-Xv, KpYmAv'' Fn-s\ Btcm-]n-p-p. jM li-hn FXv \nd-m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-p km[\w FYwhcp M FXn\n-p--Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-n-hnsS Ch Dt-in--s-SpXv bmsXmcp D]-Im-c-hp-an-m kwkmcw Fm-Wv. HGf \hm-_nXv Fm Irjn-bp-sS-IqsS apf-p-s]m-p bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-m ]mgvsN-Sn-I-fm-Wv. AZ KpYmAv Fm ae-sh--n Hen-p-t]m-Ip Np-N-h-dp-I. Ch Alvepp-ns\p-dnv Cs\ Btcm-]n-m-\p ImcWw ChcpsS hmZ-{]-Imcw X-im-kv{X-a-dn-bm--h ZrV-Nn--X-bnm--hcpw {]tbm-P-\-an-m BIq--hpamIp-p. bYm--n Ch Al--cn-p Cu \ymb-imkv{Xw kXy-n\v bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw sNm--Xm-Ip-p. ssiJp Ckvemw ( ) At-l-ns (G Y OdG) ""\ymbim-kv{X-p J\w'' F {K-n ]d-bpp: ""_pn-bp Hcmpw {Kop-Im-cpsS \ymb imkv{X-ns Bh-iy-an-s-pw, _pn-am-y-aphv AXp-sImv Hcp {]tbm-P-\-hp-an-spw F\nv Fpw Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-p.''
135
136
26
Ckvemapw Cuam\pw
Ckv e m- s a- m `mj- b n: CJn- b mZv (Iosgm- X p- ) Fm-Ww. aX-]-c-ambn: {]Xy--ambpw ]tcm--ambpw ASna Am-lphns B-I A\p-jvTn-p-sImpw hnepIsf shSn-psImpw Ahv Iogvs-SpI Fm-Wp-t-iyw. As\ AXv Fm Iogvh-W--fpw AS-n-b-Xmbnocp-p. Amlp ]dbpp: aX-ambn Ckvem-ans\ (ssZ-h-n-\p Bm-W-s) Rm \nv Xr]vXn-sp Xn-cn-p-p. (A am-CZ: 3) Xo-bmbpw Am-lp-hn- aXw Fm Ckvem-am-Ipp. (ssZ-h-n-\p Bm-W-am-Ip-p) (BepCwdm :19) Ckvemw (ssZ-h-n\p Bm-Ww) AmXns\ Bsc-nepw aX-ambn B{K-ln-p--]w AXv Ah-\n \nv Hcn-epw kzoI-cn--s-Sp--X-. (B-ep- Cw-dm:85) Cuam Fm `mjm-]cambn XkzvZoJv (k-Xy-s-Sp-pI) - Fm-Ww. Amlp ]d-bpp:
137
138
Xm Rsf kXy-s-Sp-p-I-bn--tm. (bq-kp^v:17) aX-]cambn: hmpw {]hr-nbpw A\p-t]-Wo-bamb \nebn lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Im-c-am-Ip-p. Atm AXv hnizmkw, hmv, {]h-n Fn-hbm-Ip-p. AYhm lrZ-bn-ep hnizm-k-hpw, \mhp-sImv ]d-b-epw, lrZ-b-n-tbpw Ah-bh--fp-sS-bpw {]h\-hp-am-Wv. Ch-sbmw hnizm-k-ns]-Sp-sa--Xns sXfnhv \_n(k)-bpsS hmm-Ip-p. Cuam-s\-m Amlphn-epw, Ahs ae-p-Ifnepw, {K-fn-epw, ZqX-m-cn-epw, Ay-Zn-\-n-epw, \bpw Xn-bp-amIp hn[n-bnepw \o hniz-kn-pI F-Xm-Wv. (_p-Jm-cn, apkvenw) hnizmkw (Cuam) Fgp-]-Xn]cw imJ-I-fp--Xm-Wv. AXn Ghpw D-X-am-bXv emC-eml C-mlp F hN\hpw Ghpw Xmgv ]Sn-bn-ep-Xv hgn-bn-ep D]-{Zhw \ow sN-ep-am-Ip-p. e hnizm-k-n \nsmcp `mK-am-Ip-p. (apkvenw:51) Atm Am-lp-hnepw Ahs ae-p-I-fnepw Fv XpSn-bp hnizmkw lrZ-b-n Dd-n--em-Ip-p. em-C-eml C-mlp F hmv \mhp-sImv ]d-b-emIpp. hgn-bnse D]-{Zhw \ow sN Ah-b-h- sImp Ia-am-Wv.
Ch cpw Hv asm-n\nv th]n-cn-bp-tm-gm-Wv CXv. Fm Ah-bn-semv asm-n-t\mSv tNp hm Ckvemans\ {]Xy--n Iogvs-Sp-sXv hni-Zo-I-cWw \evIpw. AXv \mhp-sImp hmpw, Ah-b-hw sImp Ia-hp-amWv. hnizm-kn-bn \nv ]cn-]qW-amb Cuam\pw Zp_-e-amb Cuam\pw Dm-Im-hp--Xm-Wv. Amlp ]d-bpp: {KmaoW Ad-_n-I ]d-bpp: R hniz-kn-n-cn-pp Fv \o ]d-bp-I: \n hniz-kn-n-n-. adnv "R Iogvsn-cn-pp' Fv \n ]d-p-sIm-p-I. hnizmkw \nfpsS lrZ-b--fn {]th-in-p-I-gn-n-n-. (lp--Pp-dmv: 14) CXv I]-S-hn-izm-kn-bn \npw Dm-Im-hp--Xm-Wv. ]t Ch {]Xy--n apkvenw Fv ]d-b-s-Sp-sa-nepw ]tcm-n Ahn-izm-kn-bm-Ip-p. lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Im-chpw {]hn-bp-amb Cuam-\ns\ A{]-Xy--ambn Iogvs-SpI Fpw hymJym-\n-m-dp-v. AXv bYm hnizm-kn-bn \n-msX Dm-hp-I-bn-. Amlp ]dp: Am-lp-hn-s\-n ]d-b-s-m lrZ-b- t]Snv \Spp-Ibpw Ahs ZrjvSm-- hmbnp tIn--s-m hnizmkw h[n-p-Ibpw, X-fpsS cn-Xm-hns ta `c-taev]n-p-Ibpw sNp--ham-{X-amWv kXy-hn-izm-kn-I. \akvImcw apd-t]mse \nh-ln-p-Ibpw \mw \evIn-bn-p--Xn \nv sNe- h - g n- p- I bpw sNp- - h AhX- s - b mWv bYm hnizm-kn-I. (A A^m: 2-- -4) Cu A-n Cuam Ghpw Db-Xm-bn-cn-pw. Atm Fm apAvan\pw apkven-am-Ip-p. Fm Fm apkvenapw apAvan\-.
e lrZ-b-ns Ia-am-Wv.
ta ]d Cu DZm-l-cW--fn \npw hnizm-k-sa-Xv Fm-hn[ Iogvh-W--fpw AS-n-b-Xm-sWv a\-n-em-m km[n-p-p. Cu A-n Cuam\pw Ckvemapw Xn th]n-cn-bpn-.
Cuam IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNpw.Alvep-p-n hP-am-A-ns ASn-m\ hnizm-k-Snm-\-ns]--XmWv Cuam (hn-izm-kw) IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-

nepw nc-s--Xm-Ip-p. Amlp ]d-bpp:
139
140
Ibpw sNp-sa--Xv. CXv hnip Jp-B-\nepw Xncp-kp--
Ch-cpsS hnizm-k-{]-Imcw ZpjvIanbpw kIanbpw Cuam\ns Imcy-n ka-m-cm-Ipp. cv: h]m]w sNp--hsc hnizm-k-n \npw ]pd-p--h-cmb Jhm-cn-Pp-I-fnepw apAvXkn-enI-fnepws hCuZn-m--.
(48)
AhcpsS hnizm-k-tmsSmw IqSp-X hnizmkw Dmbn-cn-t--Xn-\p-th-n. (A ^Xvlv:4) \_n(-r) kv{XoI-sf-p-dnv ]d-bp-I-bp-mbn: kv{Xo kaq-l-ta, \n-tf-m _pnbpw aXhpw Ipd _pn-Iqa-X-bp Hcm-fpsS _pnsbtmepw C-m-Xm-p-h-sc Rm In-n-. (_p-Jmcn:293) ta-]-d Bb-n \npw Cuam IqSp-sapw, lZokn \npw AXv Ipd-bp-sapw Adn-bm Ign-bp-p. hnizmkw IqSp-sav Adn-bn-p--Xmb Fm tcJ-Ifpw, AXp-Ip-d-bp-sa-p-IqSn Adn-bn-p-p. A{]-Imcw hnizmkw Ipdbp-sav Adn-bn-p--Xmb Fm tcJ-Ifpw AXp-Iq-Sp-sa-pIqSn Adn-bn-p-XmWv. ImcWw IqSpI F-Xpw, Ipd-bpI FXpw tNp-hcp-Xm-Wv. Ah-bn-sem-n-msX atXv DmIpI FXv ANn-y-am-Wv. hnizmkw IqSp-Ibpw Ipd-bp-Ibpw sNp-sa-Xv kzlm-_nI-fn \nv nc-s-Xm-Ip-p. Fm Ah-cn Bcpw Xs AXns\ FXnp--Xmbn ImWp-I-bn. am{X-hp-a ]qhn-Icn A[n-I-t]cpw Cu A`n-{]m-b-m-cm-Ip-p. C_v\p-A-_vZn _dv ( ) ]d-bpp: \K-c--fnse lZokv dntm-amcpw,
Ch ]d-bp-Xv: hnizmkw Hp-In ]cn-]qW-
am- b n- c n- pw. As- n AXv Xosc Dm- I p- I - X - s - b n- . bYm-n hnizm-k-ns G-p-d-n-ep-Isf \ntj-[n-pI-bm-Wn-h sNp--Xv. Cu cp hn`m-K-n\pw {]am-Whpw _pnbpw FXn-cm-Wv. Cuam IqSp- I - b pw Ipd- b p- I bpw sNp- s av hnh- c n ev {]mam-WnI sXfn-hp-I \mw hnh-cn-n-p-v. C\n _pn-]-c-am-bn-m-sW-n apPn-B--tfmSv ]d-bm-\pXv \n ]d--hn-izmkw tIhew lrZ-b-ns AwKoIm-c-am-Wv, lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Im-c-n G-p-d-hp-I-fp-mhp-I-bn- F cp Bap-J-fpw icn-b-. Hm-a-tXv: \n ]d hnizmkw tIhew lrZ-bns AwKo-Im-c-am-sW-Xv Jp-B\pw kppw ]Tn-np--Xn\v hncp--am-Ip-p. ImcWw Jp-B\pw kppw ]Tnn-p-Xv Cuam hmv, {]hn Fn-hbpw IqSn DsSp-sa-m-Wv. cm-a-tXv: \n ]d lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Im-cn G-p-d-n-ep-m-hp-I-bn FXv A\p-`-h-n-s\-Xn-cmIp-p. ImcWw lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Imcw X-fpsS Adn-hns\
aX-hn[n \evIp ]n-X-cp-samw hnizmkw IqSp-Ibpw Ipdbp-Ibpw sNp-sa A`n-{]m-b-m-cm-Ip-p. Cuam Ipd-bp-sa--Xn Camw amenIv ( ) hnv c-`n-
]cn-K-Wn-m-sWv ]cs Adn-b-s--Im-cy-am-Wv. Adnhv t\Sp-Xn-ep G-p-d-hp-If-\p-k-cnv e`n-p Adn-hnepw G48. \c-I-hm-kn-I Fpw \c-I-ns nc-am-bn-cn-pw, Amlp Ip-hm-fn-Iv s]mdpp sImSp- A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a Ahsc inn \n_--am-Wv XpS-nb Hcp-]mSv sXmb hnizm-k- shp ]pep- - h - c m- W v. (idlp AJo- Z - p hmkn- X nx 1/248) XmoXpI-\p-kr-Xambn am{Xw {]hn-p-XsIm-mWv Cu t]cn- v ednbs-Sm-\p Imc-Ww.
{]m-bfp-sv ]d-bs-Sp-p. Hv: au\-ahew-_n-p-I, cv: - kzlm-_n-I-tfmSv tbmPn-p--Xv. Cu hnj-b-n cp-hn-`mKw `nn-n-p-v. Hv: hnizmkw tIhew lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Im-camsWv ]d-bp Id-I-f apPn-B-. lrZ-b-ns AwKo-Im-cn G-p-d-hp-I-fp-m-hp-I-bn Fm-Wn-h-cpsS P]-\w.
141
142
p-d-hp-I-fp-m-Ip-sa--Xn kt-l-an-. ImcWw Hcp hnj-bn cm-fp-I-fn \nv e`n-p êw Hcm-fn \nv e`np-I-bn-. A{]-Imcw Hcm-fpsS I-dn-hpw, tI-dnhpw ka-am-IpI-bn-. hnizm-k-n P\--v G-p-d-n-ep-I-fp-m-Ip-saXv kp]-cn-Nn-X-amb Imcy-am-Wv. Fnt\sd Hcp hynp Xs Nne {]tXyI k`--fn ap Nne k`--tf-m hnizmkw hn-m-dp-v. cm-fp-I-sf-p-dnv hnizm-k-n Xpey-cm-sWv _pnbp Hcmv Fs\ hn[n-]-d-bm Ignbpw? Hcm \n_-Im-cy--fnepw sFnI Imcy--fnepw Am-lp-hns\ A\pk-cn-p--Xn ncm-zm\w sNp-I-bpw, Am-lp-hns hnep-I-fn \nv hnv \np-Ibpw h ]m]hpw Ah-\n kw`hn-p-sh-n AXv ]ngp-sX-dn-bp-Xn Xnc-p-Iq-p-Ibpw ]mX-]np aS-p-Ibpw sNp-p. cm-as hyn-bm-I-s, \n_ Imcy-sf Ah-K-Wn-p--h-\pw, \njn--amb Imcy- f n apgp- I p- - h \- a m- W v . ]t Ahn- i zm- k n- b m- b n- t mIpbmsXmpw Ah sNbvXn-n Fp-am-{Xw. Ch cpt]cpw F-s\-bmWv Xpy-cm-sWv ]d-bpI? cm-as hn`m-K-amb hCu-Zn-m--tfmSv \apv ]d-bm-\p-Xv. h]m]w sNp--h hnizm-k-n \npw ]pd-pt]m-Ip-sa \n-fpsS hmZw hnip--Jp-B-\n-sbpw Xncp-kp-n-sbpw A[ym-]-\-v hncp--am-Ip-p. CXv hyam-bm ]ns--s\-bmWv cm-fp-I hnizm-k-n Hcp-t]mse-bm-sWv hn[n-]-d-bm Ignbp-I. Hcm \n_--Im-cy- \nh- l n- p- I - b pw, \njn- - a mb Imcy- shSn- b p- I bpw sNp sNmmb amKw kzoI- c n- p- - h - \ pw, at- b m Amlp \n_-am-nb Imcy-fn Dt] ImWn-p-Ibpw Amlp \njn-am-nb Imcy- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp kz-tmSv A\ymbw {]hn--h-\p-am-Wv. ]t Im^n-dmbn-tm-Ip sXp-I-sfmpw sNbvXn-n-sv am{Xw. Ch-sc-s\-bmWv Hcp-t]m-se-bm-hpI?
cm-a-Xmbn ]d-bm-\p--Xv. h]m]w sNp--hsc \mw Cuam-\n \npw ]pd-n Fv k]n-q. Fn ]ns F-s\-bmWv sNmmb amKw kzoI-cn-p--h\pw Amlp \n_--am-nb Imcy--fn Dt] ImWn-p Amlp \njn--am-nb Imcy- {]hn-p-Ibpw sNp kztmSv A\ymbw {]hn--h-\p-am-b-hn-S-bn Xpy-scv hn[n-pI?
Cuam hn-p Imc-W-fn NneXv

1. Am-lp-hns \ma-hn-ti-j-W-sf Adn-b: Hcp ASnav CXn-s\-p-dn-p Adnhpw AXns Xm]-cy-fpw ASbm-f-fpw hn-p-tmdpw Xs cn-Xm-hn-s\-p-dn-p hnizm-k-hpw, kvt\lhpw, BZchpw h[n-p--Xm-Wv. 2. {]]--nepw {]am-W--fnepw ImWp Am-lp-hns ZrjvSm---fn-tev t\mp-I. ImcWw Hcp ASn-a Chsb t\mn-m-Wp-Ibpw Ah-bn-eSnb Am-lp-hns A]m-camb - I-n-tmIp Ign-hp-Isfpdnpw ]cn-]qW-amb Adnhns\p-dnpw Nnn-p-tm-sgmw Hcn-epw kwi-b-an-m coXn-bn-ep Dd-mb hnizmkw h[n-p--Xm-Wv. 3. Am-lp-hn-n-jvS-s-Sp kIa- A[n-I-cn-n-pI, ImcWw kIa- A[n-I-cn-n-p--Xp-aqew Cuam h[n-p--Xm-Wv. Atm Iaw F{X-I-v \m-Ip-pthm A{X-Iv hnizmkhpw (Cuam) al--c-am-bn-o-cp-p. Ia \m- I p- - X m- I s {]hm- N - I s\ A\p- K - a n- p- - X pw Bm-Xbpw ]cn-K-Wn-m-Ip-p. C\n Ia-fpsS C\-n-em-sW-n kp-mb Ia-tf-m t{ijvT-amb Ia-. Nne Bcm-[-\-I ap Nne-Xnt\-m al--chpw t{ijvThpw {]_-e-hp-am-Ip-p. sNp Ia- F{X-am{Xw al--chpw t{ijvThpw {]--_-e-hp-am-Ippthm A{X-am{Xw Cuam\pw hn-p-p. Ia- h[nn-p--Xp-sImv Cuam\pw h[n-p-p-v. ImcWw Ia-

sImv hnizmkw hn-p-sa--Xn kwi-b-ta-bn-.
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144
Cuam-\ns]--Xm-Ip-p. Ia- h[n-n-p--Xp4. Am-lp-hns\ `b-p-sImv ]m]- shSn-bp-I. ]m]w sNp-hm t{]cn-n-p-Xv in-s-Sp-n-S-tmfw AXp-t]n-p-Xp-sIm-v Cuam-\ns h[-\hpw A[n-Icn-p-p-Xm-Ip-p. ImcWw ASna B Xn sNm-\p t{]cW i-ambnpw AXp-t]-npsImv Xs C-tb-m Am-lp-hnsbpw dkq-en-sbpw B-Iv apK-W\ \evIp-p-shXv Abm-fpsS hnizm-kns in-bm-Wdn-bn-p-Xv. -
Fm sXp sNm t{]cW \Ip insbpdnp ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-n sXns\ t{]cn-n-p- in IqSp-X-ep Hcp hyn-bn \nv sXp kw`-hn-m Cuam Ipd-bp--Xnt\-mfpw AXv Zp_-e-amb Hcp hyn-bn \nv sXp kw`hn-m hnizmkw Ipd-bp-p. AXp-sIm-mWv k--\mb Hcm Alcnp--Xn-t\-m henb ]m]-ambn Zcn-{Z-\mb Hcm Al--cn-p--Xns\ ImWp--Xpw, bphm-hmb Hcm hy`n-N-cn-p--Xn-t\-m hr-\mb Hcm hy`n-N-cn-p-Xv henb ]m]-ambn ImWp--Xp-sa-mw. \_n(- r )bpsS hN\w ChnsS {]tXyIw {it-b-amIpp: ""aqv hn`mKw Bfp-I; Dbns-gp-tns \mfn Amlp Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-p-I-tbm, Ah-cpsS t\v (Imcp-Wy-]qhw) t\mp-Itbm Ahv hnipn \evIpItbm C. Ahv thZ-\-tb-dnb in-bp-m-bn-cn-p--Xp-am-Wv.'' \_n(-k) Ah-cn-se-n--d--h-cn hr-\mb hy`n-Nm-cnbpw, Zcn-{Z-\mb Al-m-cnbpw, I-hm-Zn-bmb cmPm-hp-am-Ip-p. ImcWw Chv B sXp-sN-m-\p t{]cW Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hm-b-Xp-sIm-m-Wn-Xv. 4. kIa- Dt]-n-p-I. CXp-sImv Cuam Ipdbp-p. Ia--f-\p-k-cn-mWv ChnsS Ipd-hp-h-cp--Xv. Dt]-n-s Iaw F{X-am{Xw al--c-am-Ip-pthm AX-\p-k-cnv Cuam\pw Ipd-p-h-cp-p. Nne-tm \a-kvIm-cw-t]m-se-bp Ia- Dt]-n-p--Xp-sImv Cuam ]qW-ambpw \jvS-s-t-mw. kIa- Dt]-n-pI aqew Cuam Ipd-bp-Xv cp Xcam-Wv. Hv: Dt]-n-p--Xp-sIm-v inn--s-Sp--Xv. \n_-amb Hcp Iaw ImcWw IqSmsX Dt]-n-p--Xp-t]m-se. cm-a-tXv inn--s-Sm--XmWv. aX-]-c-amb Imc-WwsImv asmcp \n_-s Dt]-n-p--Xp-t]mse, DZml-c-W-n\v Bh Ime--fn kv{XoI \a-kvImcw Hgnhm-p--Xp-t]m-se, As-n Hcp sFOnI Ias Dt]n-p--Xp-t]mse DZm-l-c-W-n\v Zplm \a-kvIm-cw. hnizm-
Cuam Ipd-bp Imcy--fn NneXv
1. Am-lp-hns \ma-hn-ti-j-W--sf-p-dn-p A-X. 2. {]]--nepw {]am-W--fnepw ImWp Am-lp-hns ZrjvSm--sf Ah-K-Wn-p-Ibpw A{i--\m-hp-Ibpw sN, AXv taml--fpsS B[nIyw aptJ\ a\-p-I-fn tcmK-ap-mp-I-tbm, \in-n-p-Itbm sNpw. 3. ]m]w sN: sNp ]m]-ns Xc-hpw-tXmXpw DZmko-\-Xbpw AXv sNm\p t{]c-WbpsS tXmXpw _e-lo-\Xbpw A\p-k-cnv Cuam Ipd-bp-p. C\n ]m]--fpsS tXmXn-em-sW-n: sNdnb Ip- {]hn- p- Xv aqew hnizmkw Ipd- b p- Xv t]mse- b h]m-]-sImv Ipd-bp--Xv. sIme-sN-m ]mSn-m Hcp hynsb h[n-p-Xv sImv Cuam Ipd-bp-Xp-t]mseb A\ym-b-ambn Hcm-fpsS [\w A]-l-cn-p--Xv. Hcp Ipw sNp-tm Cuam Ipd-bp-Xv t]mse-b, cp Ipw sNptm Cuam Ipd-bp--Xv. C\n sXp-Isf \nm-c-h-XvI-cn-p--Xm-sW-n: lrZ-bn Am-lp-hns\ al-Xz-s-Sp-p-Ibpw IqSp-X `b-s-SpIbpw sNp Hcm-fn hp-t]m-Ip sXv ImcWw Cuam Ipd-bp--Xn-t\-m, lrZ-b-n Am-lp-hns\ IqSp-X `bs-SmsX FXncv {]hn-p-sImv sNp sXp-Isf \nmc-h-XvI-cn-p--h-cn \npmIp Ip-v Cuam Ipdbp-p.

]db.
145
146
k-Im-cy--fnse "CkvXn-Yv\m-Av' AYhm "Cim Amlv'
kzKm-h-Im-in-sbv kmy-s-Sp-t-n-bn-cn-pp. CXv Akw-`-hy-hp-am-Wv. 3 hni-Zo-IcWm-Sn-m-\n {]Xn-]m-Zn-p-I. Cuam-\ptm - Ct Fv kwi-bn-p-sIm-mWv

"Cim-Am'
(A\ apAvan\p Cim-A-m) ""Amlp Dt-inm Rm hnizm-kn-bm-Ip-p''. Fv ]d-bp--Xn-s\-p-dnv aqv A`n-{]mb--fm-Wp--Xv.
Fv ]d-bp-
-sX-n AXv \njn-am-Ip-p. am{X-a Ip^vdp-Iq-Sn-bm-Ipp. ImcWw Cuam FXv Ddp--ImcyamIp-p. AXn kwib-ap-m-IpI FXv AXns\ \ntj-[n--em-Wv. Fm B{]-iw-ktbm hnizmkw sImpw {]hn-sImpw Cuam nco-I-cn-n-p-s kmy-s-Sp--en-t\tbm `b-s-p-sImm-sW-n AXv \n_am-bn-o-cq-p. Am-lp-hns Dtiys kvacn-p-Xn-epsS A\p-{Klw tXSp-Xnt\m, ImcWw hnh-cn-p--Xnt\m, Xs lrZ-b-nep hnizmkw Am-lphns Dt-iy-a-\p-k-cn-m-sWtm BsW-n AX-\p-h-Z-\ob-am-Wv. Cu coXn-bn Am-lp-hns Dt-iy-hp-ambn _s-Sp-p- X p- s Imv Cuam- \ ns km[p- X sb \ntj- [ n- p- I - b n- . ImcWw Ccw Dd-mb Imcy-sf Am-lp-hns Dt-iy-hpambn _-s-Sp-n-smv hnn-p-v. Amlp ]d-bpp: A- mlp Dt- i n- p- - ] w kam- [ m- \ - N n- - \ pw Xe ap\w sNbvX-hcpw apSn shn-b-hcpw Bbn-smv \n Hpw-`-b-s-SmsX ]hn-{X-amb tZhm-e-b-n {]th-in-p-I Xs sNp--Xm-Wv. (A ^Xvlv: 27) ta]d--h-bn \npw hnizm-k-Im-cy--fn "CkvXnYv\mAv' ]d-bp hnj-b-n s]mXpsh Hcp hn[n ]d-bm km[y-a-. adnv ta]-d hni-Zo-I-c-W-am-h-iy-am-Wv.
Hv:
Cs\ ]d-b \njn--am-Ip-p-sh--Xm-Wv. apPn-
B- Plvan-bm- t]mse-bp--h-cpsS hmZ-am-Wn-Xv. hnizmk-sa-Xv tIhew lrZ-bw-sIm-p AwKo-Imcw am{X-am-sW-Xn \nv DS-se-Sp--Xm-Wn-Xv. AXn "Amlp Dt-inm Fv' ]d-bp-Xv kwi-b-ap-v F-Xn-\p sXfn-hm-Ipp. AXp-sIm-n-h hnizm-k-n "CkvXn-^v\mAv' A\p-hZn-p--hsc kwi-b-ap-m-p--h Fv Btcm-]n-p-p.
cv: \n_--am-Ip-p-sh--Xm-Wv. CXn\v cp Imc-W-amWv ]d-b-s-Sp--Xv. 1Cu-am-s\-Xv a\p-jy-cpsS ac-W-k-a-bs Ah--b-\pk-cn-mWv Xocp-am-\n--s-Sp--Xv. ImcWw a\p-jy hnizm-knbm-tWm, Ahn-izm-kn-bmtWm Fv ]cn-K-Wn--s-Sp-Xv acW-tm-sS-bm-Wv. CXv `mhn-Im-ev \S-m-\n-cn-p--Xn-\m \apv Am-X-am-Ip-p. Fn-cns \mw apAvan\m-sWv Jn-X-ambn ]d-b A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-. ]nm-e-p-h Ipm-_n-bm-fpw
(50)
apw kzoI-cn-XmWo amKw. ]t apKm-
an-I-fn-emcpw Cu amKw kzoI-cn--Xmbn Adn-hn-. Ah kzoIcn-Xv C\n ]d-bp cm-as amK-am-bn-cpp. 2 Amlp I]n apgp-h I]-\-Ifpw {]h-nepw, hne- p- I Dt]- n- - e p- a psm- p- - X mWv s]mXpsh hnizm-kw. CXv a\p-jy\v kzbw Xocp-am-\n-m km[n-p-Ibn. As\ h-h\pw kzbw Xocp-am-\n-p-p-sh-n Ah kzs ]cn-ip--\m-p-Ibpw, Ah kqva-X-]m-en-p ]pWy-hm-m-cns]--h-\msWv kzbw kmy-s-Sp-p-I-bpamWv sNp--Xv. CubSn-m-\-n Xs-p-dnv Ah
lml
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