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Education before the coming of Spaniards 1521-1896 Education during the Spanish Regime 1896-1899 Education during the Philippine Revolution 1898-1935 Education during the American Occupation 1935-1941 Education during the Philippine Commonwealth 1941-1944 Education during the Japanese Occupation 1944-1946 Education after the World War II 1946-present Education under the Philippine Republic
Before 1521
Timeline
Major Problems
Lack of trained teachers Lack of teachers (150 teacher-missionaries to instruct over half a million inhabitants) Lack of funds, instructional materials, and in many instances school houses
Because of need, higher level schools were established much later by virtue of royal decrees.
Colegios Beaterios
Philippine Revolution
Illustrados spearheaded the Propaganda Movemnent Curricular reforms 1. Secularization of education 2. Instruction of Spanish 3. Greater attention to natural science 4. The design of a relevant curriculum 5. Improvement of higher centers of learning 6. Improvement of educational system
Jose Rizal criticized unequivocally the friars method of instruction in his two novels Noli Me Tangere and El filibusterismo 1. Disproportionate focus on religion 2. Discourage the attempt of Filipino students to speak in Spanish 3. Lack of pedagogical skills 4. Irrelevant courses in the curriculum
Curriculum
To improve the existing curriculum, Rizal considered the ff. Subjects as required courses in secondary schools Science Math History Philosophy Law Language P.E Religion Music Social Sciences
American Occupation
The Americans used education as a vehicle for its program benevolent asimilation American soldiers were the first teachers Restore damaged school houses, build new ones and conduct classes Trained teachers replaced soldiers Filipinos warmly received their new teachers, Thomasites American teachers infused their students the spirit of democracy and progress as well as fair play
TAKE NOTE!
It is not surprising that the democratic values espoused by the Americans, whether SINCERE or NOT, touched a receptive nerve un the Filipino psyche.
Americans discarded the religious bias Educational Act of 1901- Separation of Church and State in education Encourage filipino in the field of teaching Outstanding filipino scholars were sent to US to train as teachers
Curriculum
Primary Education GMRC Civics Hygiene and Sanitation Geography Intermediate Curriculum Grammar and composition Reading, spelling Science courses Physiology Hygiene and sanitation Intensive teaching of geography
Government established NORMAL SCHOOL for future teachers Courses include Methods of teaching, practice teaching, psychology, mathematics, language, science, history and government, social sciences, P.E White collar-job bias
Philippine Commonwealth
All schools should develop moral character, personal discipline, civic conscience and vocational efficiency Promote effective participation of the citizens in the processes of a democratic society Educational Act of 1940 meet the increasing demand for public instruction and at the same time comply with the constitutional mandate on public education
Japanese Regime
6 basic principles of japanese Education 1. Realization of NEW ORDER and promote friendly relations between Japan and the Philippines to the farthest extent 2. Foster a new Filipino culture based 3. Endeavor to elevate the morals of people, giving up over emphasis of materialism 4. Diffusion of the Japanese language in the philippines 5. Promotion of VOCATIONAL course 6. To inspire people with the spirit to love neighbor
Curriculum
School calendar became longer No summer vacation for students Class size increased to 60 Deleted anti-asian opinions, banned the singing of american songs, deleted american symbols, poems and pictures Nihongo as a means of introducing and cultivvating love for Japanese culture Social Studies
Take Note!
Spanish- Reign for 300 years American- 50 years Japanese- about four years It is thus not surprising that despite the measure they had instituted, the Japanese failed to succeed in transforming the values and attitudes of the people in line with their vision of the NEW ORDER. A contributory factor was widely reported brutalities that ushered in the Japanese occupation that the filipinos did not experience with the same degree during the American period
Great experiments in the community school and the use of vernacular in the first two grades of the primary schools as the medium of instruction were some of them. An experiment worth mentioning that led to a change in the Philippine Educational Philosophy was that of school and community collaboration pioneered by Jose V. Aguilar. Schools are increasingly using instructional materials that are Philippine-oriented. Memorandum No. 30, 1966 sets the order of priority in the purchase of books for use in the schools were as follows: Books which are contributions to Phil. Literature Books on character education and other library materials Library equipment and permanent features
The quality of public school education is generally considered to have declined since the post-war years, mainly due to insufficient funds. The Department of Education aims to address the major problems affecting public education by 2010. Private schools are able to offer better facilities and education, but are also much more expensive. There is a wide variety of private schools, including all-boys and all-girls schools, religious schools, non-sectarian schools, Chinese schools, special schools, and international schools. Due to economic difficulties, there has been a recent increase in the popularity of home schooling and open universities in the Philippines.
Reference
http://en.wikipilipinas.org/index.ph p?title=Education_in_the_Philippines http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educati on_in_the_Philippines THE NATURE AND SCOPE OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT (PHILIPPINE CONTEXT) by PROF. RONNIE ESPERGAL PASIGUI