Fault Level Calculations A Case Study

FAULTLEVELCALCULATIONS
ACASESTUDY
STEP1:SINGLELINEDIAGRAM
TRANSFORMER
1600kVA
PCC
13
F
22 ) 1
12
350A
11
21
STANDBY GENERATOR
1250kVA
F2
)
23
24
300A
300A
MCC
BUSBAR
31
M1
50HP
F
3
U/G CABLE
M2
M3
M4
100HP
30HP
150HP
CB
SDF
STARTER
STEP2:SYSTEMDATA
i) TRANSFORMER :
11/0.433kV
1600kVA
%R = 0.94
%X = 5.46
%Z = 5.54
ii) STANDBY GENERATOR :

UrG = 415V
1250kVA
%xd = 20
Cos rG = 0.8
Un = 415V
STEP2:SYSTEMDATA
iii) CABLE :
R = 0.062 /kM
X = 0.079 /kM
LENGTH OF CABLE,
21 TO 31= 100M
iv) INDUCTION MOTORS : M1, IrM = 70A

M2, IrM = 135A
M3, IrM = 40A
M4, IrM = 200A
(UrM = 415V; ILR = 6 IrM)
FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step3:Conversionof%RintoOhmic
values,toobtainRT.
10x(0.94)x(0.433)2
RT (in) =
1600
=0.001102
Astepbystepapproach
Step4:Conversionof%XintoOhmic
values,toobtainXT.
10x(5.46)x(0.433)2
XT (in)=
1600
=0.006398
Astepbystepapproach
Step5:Conversion%xd ofthegenerator
intoOhmic values,toobtainXG.
10x(20)x(0.415)2
XG (in)=
1250
=0.027556
Astepbystepapproach
Step6:Theresistanceofthegenerator,
RGis:
RG (in) =
0.15XG
0.15x0.027556
0.0041334
Astepbystepapproach
Step7:Calculatingthecorrectionfactor
KG.
KG
415
1.05

415
1+[(0.2)(0.6)]
0.9375
Astepbystepapproach
Step8:FindingouttheCorrected
GeneratorResistance(RGK)&the
CorrectedGeneratorReactance(XGK):
RGK =
XGK
0.9375x0.0041334
=
0.003875
=
0.9375x0.027556
=
0.025834
Astepbystepapproach
Step9:Findingoutthecableresistance
&reactancefortheactuallengthofcable
useduptothepointoffault:
RL
0.062x0.1
0.0062
XL
0.079x0.1=
0.0079
Astepbystepapproach
Step10(F1):AddingofallR&allX
values&findingoutZk(forFaultatF1):
Zk(F1) =
=
=
=
=
[(RT)2 +(XT)2]
[(0.001102)2 +(0.006398)2]
[(0.000001214)+(0.00004093)]
[(0.00004214)]
0.006492
Astepbystepapproach
Step11(F1):Findingouttheinitial
symmetricalshortcircuitcurrent,Ik (forFault
atF1):
Ik(F!) =
=
1.05x415
3x0.006492
38752Aor38.75kA
Astepbystepapproach
Step12(F1):DeterminingtheX/Rratio
uptothepointoffault(forFaultatF1):
(XT)/(RT)=(0.006398)/(0.001102)
=5.8058
Astepbystepapproach
Step13(F1):CalculatingtheAsymmetry
Factor(forFaultatF1):
(F1)
(1.02+0.98e3RT/XT)
1.6045
Astepbystepapproach
Step14(F1):Calculatingthepeakcurrent,
(forFaultatF1):
ip(F1)
1.6045x 2x38752
87932Aor87.93kA
Astepbystepapproach
Zk(F2) =
=
=
=
=
[(RGK)2 +(XGK)2]
[(0.003875)2 +(0.025834)2]
[(0.00001502)+(0.0006674)]
[(0.0006824)]
0.026123
Astepbystepapproach
symmetricalshortcircuitcurrent,Ik (for
FaultatF2):
Ik(F2)
1.05x415
3x0.026123
9631Aor9.63kA
Astepbystepapproach
(XGK)/(RGK)
=(0.025834)/(0.003875)
=6.6668
Astepbystepapproach
(F2)
(1.02+0.98e3RGK /XGK)
1.6449
Astepbystepapproach
(forFaultatF2):
ip(F2)
1.6449x 2x9631
22404A or22.40kA
Astepbystepapproach
Zk(F3) =
=
=
=
=
[(RT+ RL)2 +(XT+ XL)2]

[(0.007302)2 +(0.014298)2]
[(0.00005332)+(0.00020443)]
[(0.0002576)]
0.0160546
Astepbystepapproach
symmetricalshortcircuitcurrent,Ik (for
FaultatF3):
Ik(F3)
1.05x415
3x0.0160546
15670Aor15.67kA
Astepbystepapproach
=
(XT+ XL)/(RT+ RL)
(0.014298)/(0.007302)
1.9581
Astepbystepapproach
(F3)
(1.02+0.98e3(RT +RL) /(XT +XL)
1.2318
Astepbystepapproach
(forFaultatF3):
ip(F3)
1.2318x 2x15670
27298Aor27.30kA
Astepbystepapproach
Step15:Calculatingtheaggregateofthe
ratedfullloadcurrentsofallthemotors
(IrM):
70+135+40+200=445A
Astepbystepapproach
Step16:This(445A)isdefinitelymore
than1%ofthecontributionat:
F1:
F2:
F3:
38752x0.01
9631x0.01
15670x0.01
=387.52A
=96.31A
=156.70A
So,motorscontributiontofaultshastobe
considered.
FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod Astep

bystepapproach
Step17:TheR.M.S.Currentcontributionto
theshortcircuit,fromthisgroupofmotors
willbe:
IkM
1.05x5x445
2336A
(Ascablesareinvolved)
FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod A
stepbystepapproach
Step18:And,thepeakcurrentcontributionfromthis
motorgroupwouldbe:
ipM
M 2IkM =1.2980x1.414x2336
4288A
where,
M =
1.2980foranR/Xratioof0.42,asinthe
caseofLVInductionmotors
stepbystepapproach
Step19(F1):Now,calculatethetotalfaultlevel,
bothR.M.S.(IKT)andthePeak(ipT)atthefault
Location(ForFaultatF1):
IKT(F1)
38752+2336=41088A
=
41.09kA
and
ipT(F1)
=
=
87932+4288=92220A
92.22kA
stepbystepapproach
IKT(F2)
9631+2336=11967A
=
11.97kA
and
ipT(F2)
=
=
22404+4288=26692A
26.69kA
stepbystepapproach
IKT(F3)
15670+2336=18006A
=
18.01kA
and
ipT(F3)
=
=
27298+4288=31586A
31.59kA
TotalFaultLevel
Fault Location
IkT
ipT
F1
41.09 kA
(R.M.S.)
92.22 kA
(peak)
F2
11.97 kA
(R.M.S.)
26.69 kA
(peak)
F3
18.01 kA
(R.M.S.)
31.59 kA
(peak)

Fault Level Calculations A Case Study

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FAULTLEVELCALCULATIONS

ii) STANDBY GENERATOR :

iv) INDUCTION MOTORS : M1, IrM = 70A

[(RT+ RL)2 +(XT+ XL)2]

(XT+ XL)/(RT+ RL)

(1.02+0.98e3(RT +RL) /(XT +XL)

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod Astep

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