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A facility layout is an arrangement of everything needed for production of goods or delivery of services. A facility is an entity that facilitates the performance of any job. It may be a machine tool, a work centre, a manufacturing cell, a machine shop, a department, a warehouse, etc. (Heragu, 1997).
The
layout design generally depends on the products variety and the production volumes. Four Quantity types of organization are referred to, namely fixed product layout, process layout, product layout and cellular layout (Dilworth, 1996).
Objectives of of organizing equipment and Plant Layout The main objective consists
working areas in the most efficient way, and at the same time satisfactory and safe for the personnel doing the work.
Sense of Unity
The feeling of being a unit pursuing the same objective.
Safety
In the movement of materials and personnel work flow.
Flexibility
In designing the plant layout taking into account the changes over short and medium terms in the production process and manufacturing volumes.
Objectives of through theLayout the Plant attainment of These main objectives are reached
following facts: Congestion reduction. Elimination of unnecessary occupied areas. Reduction of administrative and indirect work. Improvement on control and supervision. Better adjustment to changing conditions. Better utilization of the workforce, equipment and services. Reduction of material handling activities and stock in process. Reduction on parts and quality risks. Reduction on health risks and increase on workers safety. Moral and workers satisfaction increase. Reduction on delays and manufacturing time, as well as increase in production capacity. All these factors will not be reached simultaneosly, so the best solution will be a balance among them.
The production process normally determines the type of plant layout to be applied to the facility:
Fixed position plant layout
trucks
trucks
Product oriented plant layout This type of plant layout is useful when the production process is organized in a continuous or repetitive way. Continuous flow: The correct operations flow is reached through the layout design and the equipment and machinery specifications. Repetitive flow (assembly line): The correct operations flow will be based in a line balancing exercise, in order to avoid problems generated by bottle necks. The plant layout will be based in allocating a machine as close as possible to the next one in line, in the correct sequence to manufacture the product.
Cellular Layout
Process (Functional) Layout
A cluster or cell
T T M M T T M M T T D D CG SG D D CG SG D SG D CG CG SG D T T M T M D
M D
T
M
Work cells Definition: Group of equipment and workers that perform a sequence of operations over multiple units of an item or family of items. Looks for the advantages of product and process layouts: Product oriented layout: Efficiency Process oriented layout: Flexibility Group Technology Grouping outputs with the same characteristics to families, and assigning groups of machines and workers for the production of each family.
St=Se+Sg+Sv
Sg=Se*n n=number of accessible sides Sv=(Se+Sg)*k k=industry coefficient (0,05-3)
TTC=
Objective: Finding the combination of dij that minimizes TTC. This formula is complicated for common cases, due to the number of different possibilities (i.e.- for 10 sections, the alternatives would be 3,628,000).
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