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Lutyens' Delhi is an area in Delhi, specifically New Delhi. The last addition to the formally built Cities of Delhi. Built after 1911 A.D. by the British Imperialists. Borders along the southern fringes of Shahjahanabad. Spread over 2,800 hectares or 1.8 per cent of the area of Delhi.
Sir Edwin Landseer Lutyens, (18691944) was a British architect who is known for imaginatively
adapting traditional architectural styles to the requirements of his era. He designed many English country houses. He has been referred to as "the greatest British architect and is known best for having an instrumental role in designing and building a section of the metropolis of Delhi, known as New Delhi. In recognition of his contribution, New Delhi is also known as Lutyens Delhi". In collaboration with Herbert Baker, he was also the main architect of several monuments in New Delhi such as the India Gate; he also designed the Viceroy's House now known as the Rashtrapati Bhavan.
Spread over 2,800 hectares or 1.8 per cent of the area of Delhi today, Lutyens Delhi borders along the southern fringes of Shahjahanabad (the older city of Delhi) and lies to the west of the Yamuna river. Among the notable features of the Zone is Rajpath (the grand central axis, called the Central Vista) anchored by the Rashtrapati Bhavan (The Viceroy's Palace) and India Gate (the War Memorial Arch). Diagonal axes link with Connaught Place, the commercial center. One of the major nodes conceived by Lutyens for the Central Vista was the Princes' Park, with the ceremonial arch (India Gate), the chhatri, landscaped areas and the palaces of Indian princes.
Rajpath Janpath
History: Transfer of capital from Calcutta to Delhi was to locate a more durable and subtle public opinion. Delhi was chosen becauseCalcutta had become the territorial base of a militant nationalist movement against the British Raj. Of its geographic location.
Ease of access
Healthy climate
Criteria for Site Selection (Raisina Hill) : It was a well drained. Constituted of slopes and plains between the ridge and the river. A broad crescent from Shahjahanabad and Kotla Firoz Shah, south to Tughlaqabad and the Qutub with tombs of Safdarjung and Lodhis as well as Jantar Mantar in the foreground could be viewed from the site.
LAYOUT OF THE CITY The attempt was to include all natural and historical wonders in the new city. It was governed by three major visual corridors, linking the government complex with : Jama Masjid Indraprastha Safdarjungs Tomb
GOVERNMENT COMPLEX INDRAPRASTHA
JAMA MAZJID
SAFDARJUNGS TOMB
CONCEPT
Create a Grand, Monumental, larger-than-life city space symbolic of the superiority of the the imperialist British Empire.
Harmonious and unique amalgamation of VictorianEuropean and Indo-Islamic and Buddhist styles.
Sanchi stupa
Numerous Indian motifs and elements like the chhatris, domes, minarets, brackets, chajjas, jaalis, railings, hybrid-columns and even materials fit in beautifully with European NeoClassism.
MAP- Lutyens Delhi- New Delhi Was Laid On The Geometric Pattern Over A Triangular Base.
SOUTH BLOCK
INDIA GATE
C-HEXAGON
PATHS
Rajpath Avenues spread out in descending hierarchy starting from Raj path and Jan path. Janpath
ROAD NETWORK
In general the road network consisted of diagonals and radials, at 30 degree/ 60 degree angles to the main axis, forming triangles and hexagons.
EDGES:
The ridge forms its western edge Lodhi Gardens and other greens also mark its boundary. Other parks separated Imperial Delhi forming a green belt that virtually ringed the capital city.
NODES
Roundabouts were placed at the path intersections. They functioned as origins and destinations for avenues.
The garden character of the city was carried through in and around these nodes.
LANDMARKS: were essentially located at important foci. E.g.: Teen Murti house, the club, the old monuments etc. They express the character of Lutyens Delhi and form its associative image ability.
INDIA GATE HEXAGON : The point of convergence of major roads leading in from north and south Delhi.
GOVERNMENT COMPLEX: The entire city was focused on the government complex, which functioned as a symbolic and physical city centre. CONNAUGHT PLACE: It was the C.B.D. The radial pattern of roads converging at this place and the circular form of the node further enhanced its importance.
BUNGALOW AREA:
An area of low density development comprising of government and privately leased bungalow (originally reserved for senior gazetted officers). They were surrounded by walls enclosing large gardens, with high proposition of trees and shrubbery, contributed in forming a thematic unit with the residential district.
BUNGALOW AREA:
Social hierarchy was used to establish thematic contrast . Physical elements within were used to convey the status of the residents The closer the road/ path is to the Government house the greater is its width. Status was communicated by elevations, size of compound and dwelling, width and name of road and area, quantity and type of vegetation, size of gates and nameplates etc.
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Birds eye view of the city: It was only by 1939 that New Delhi could fully emerge as a city. It now comprises Connaught place, Parliament House, the Viceroy House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan), the Central Secretariat, the Imperial Hotel, along with elite residential colonies.
Rashtrapati Bhawan: The Government House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan), designed by Edwin Lutyens, was built to house the Viceroy. The most impressive feature was its dome. It was Lutyens most cherished project. About 29,000 workers toiled for eight years at any given point of time. 4.5 million bricks and 7, 500 tonnes of cement was used. The cost: Rs1.4 crore
RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN
Rashtrapati Bhavan is a major attraction of Delhi. The Rashtrapati Bhavan is splendor with its different
architectural designs and styles. The monument has the Mughal Architectural Designs, Persian Art Forms, Indian Designs and the European Architectural styles as well.
The Dome
Jali
Secretariats
The main infuence of english landscapes in india was the introduction of lawn,which was used mainly for tea parties in england.
Elevation- Railing
PLANS- Secretariats
East Elevation of the Fountain on the South Wing of the East Front
India Gate is constructed as a memorial and was built in the memory of 90,00 soldiers who laid down their lives during world war I. Located at Raj path, Delhi, India Gate is 42 m high and is popular relaxation area during the summer evenings. India Gate is famous by the name All India War Memorial. India gate was initially constructed to symbolize as the gateway of Delhi for the British leaders entering into the palatial grounds of viceroys palace and their surrounding administrative blocks and offices. This form of design was planned to imitate mughal style of creating massive and impressive gateways.
INDIA GATE
ARCHITECTURE
Edwin Lutyans designed India Gate in 1921. Its height is about 42 meters. The entire arch stands on a low base of red Bharatpur stone and rises in stages to a huge cornice. The shrine itself is a black marble monument with a rifle placed on its barrel, crested by a soldier`s helmet. Each face of the monument as inscribed in gold the words "Amar Jawan" (Immortal Warrior). This cenotaph is itself placed on a structure, which has on its four corners four flames that are perpetually kept alive. It is an arch built of white sandstone on a red stone base. Marble is used in places on the arch as ornamentation.
History
Another additional 13,516 names engraved on the arch and foundations form a separate memorial to the British and Indian soldiers killed on the North-West Frontier in the Afghan War of 1919. The foundation stone was laid by the Duke of Connaught in 1921 and the monument was dedicated to the nation 10 years later by the then Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Another memorial, Amar Jawan Jyoti was added much later after India had said goodbye to its imperial rulers. It is in the form of a flame that burns day and night under the arch to remind the nation of soldiers who perished in the Indo-Pakistan War of December 1971.
Standing right behind India Gate is an empty canopy made out of sandstone, also designed by Lutyens, and inspired by a 18th century Mahabalipuram pavilion, that until Independence of India in 1947 had the statue of King George V, which now stands in the Coronation Park, Delhi. There were multiple plans and calls to have a seated or standing statue of Mahatma Gandhi installed, which were subject to debate and have not been agreed upon.