SEMINARUL NR. 1 ECUATII DIFERENTIALE 1.

1. S se gseasc solutiile generale ale ecuatiilor diferentiale cu variabile separabile: a a a a) tx (t) = x3 (t) + x(t) b) x (t)tgt x(t) = 0 c) t2 (x(t) + 1)dt + (t3 1)(x(t) 1)dx(t) = 0 d) tdx(t) x(t)dt = x2 (t)dt e) (1 + et )x(t)x (t) et = 0, x(0) = 1 f) t3 x (t) sin x(t) = 2, lim x(t) = t 2 dx 2 g) 1 + t + sin x(t) = 0 h) 3x2 (t)x (t) = t(x3 (t) 1) dt 2. S se gseasc solutiile generale ale ecuatiilor diferentiale omogene sau rea a a ductibile la ecuatii diferentiale omogene: x(t) t b) 2t2 x (t) = t2 + x2 (t) a) tx (t) = x(t) te t x(t) dx tx(t) + x2 (t)e 2t + 4x(t) 6 dx = d) = c) 2 dt t dt t + x(t) 3 dx 3t + 3x(t) 1 e) = dt t + x(t) 1 f) (t x cos(x(t)/t))dt + t cos(x(t)/t)dx(t) = 0 g) (t 2x(t) 1)dt + (3t 6x(t) + 2)dx(t) = 0 3. S se gseasc solutiile generale ale ecuatiilor diferentiale cu diferential exact a a a a a sau reductibile la acestea prin metoda factorului integrant: a) 8tx(t) 5x2 (t) + 2t(2t 5x(t))x (t) = 0 b) 3t(t + 2x2 (t))dt + 2x(t)(3t2 + 2x2 (t))dx(t) = 0 1 1 1 t x(t) t dx(t) = 0 + + + 2 c) dt + 2 + x2 (t))1/2 2 + x2 (t))1/2 (t t x(t) (t x(t) x (t) d) x(t)(etx(t) 4t)dt + t(etx(t) 2t)dx(t) = 0, x(2) = 1 f) 2txx (t + x2 ) = 0 e) (1 t2 x(t))dt + t2 (x(t) t)dx(t) = 0 4. S se determine cte un factor integrant de forma indicat pentru ecuatiile a a a diferentiale de mai jos i apoi s se rezolve aceste ecuatii: s a 2 2 3 a) (x 1) + (2t x + tx 1)x = 0, (t, x) = (t + x) b) t(1 x(t))dt + (t2 + x(t))dx(t) = 0, (t, x) = (t2 + x2 ) a a a 5. S se gseasc solutiile generale ale ecuatiilor diferentiale liniare sau reductibile la acestea: dx dx a) = x(t) ctg t + 2t sin t b) = x(t) + sin t dt dt dx x(t) t2 c) (sin2 x(t) + t ctg x(t))x (t) = 1 = d) + dt 2t 2x(t)
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 sin2 t dx sin t x(t) cos t = 2 e) dt t lim x(t) = 0 t dx f) + 2x(t) = et x2 (t) dt h) (2ex(t) t)x (t) = 1 g) tx (t) + x(t) + t5 x3 (t)et = 0 i) x t3 sin x = tx 2x dx t + x(t) = x2 (t) ln t j) dt x(1) = 1 k) x = x2 + x ctg t sin2 t, tiind c admite solutia particular x1 (t) = sin t s a a t 2 l) x = e x 2x, tiind c admite solutia particular x1 (t) = et s a a 2 2 s a a m) t(2t 1)x + x = (2t 1)x + 4t , tiind c admite solutia particular x1 (t) = m at , a, m R n) x = x2 tx t, tiind c admite solutia particular x1 (t) = at + b, a, b R s a a 1 a o) x (t) + x2 (t) 2 = 0, tiind c admite solutia particular x1 (t) = s a a 2t t 6. S se demonstreze c orice ecuatie cu variabile separabile de forma a a a(t)dt + b(x(t))dx(t) = 0, unde a i b sunt functii continue, este o ecuatie cu diferential exact i s se rezolve. a as a s 7. S se demonstreze c orice ecuatie diferential de ordinul ai cu variabile a a a nt separabile de forma a1 (t)b1 (x(t))dt + a2 (t)b2 (x(t))dx(t) = 0, a unde a1 , a2 , b1 , b2 sunt functii continue, posed factor integrant de forma (t, x) = 1 i s se rezolve. s a a2 (t)b1 (x) 8. Fcnd o schimbare de functie convenabil, s se rezolve urmtoarele ecuatii a a a a a diferentiale ordinare: a) x = (t + x)2 (ind. u(t) = t + x(t)) c) x = sin(t x) b) x = (8t + 2x + 1)2 a a a a 9. Facnd schimbarea de functie u(t) = tx(t), s se aduc urmtoarea ecuatie 2 2 (t x(t) + t)dx(t) + (tx (t) x(t))dt = 0 la o ecuatie diferential cu variabile separabile i s se integreze. a s a 10. Fie ecuatiile 3 a) t (x t) = x2 b) (x2 t2 1)x + 2tx3 = 0 c) 2tx + x = x2 t t2 x2 . Facnd schimbarea de functie x(t) = u (t) cu R ales convenabil, s se aduc a a a ecuatiile de mai sus la forma omogen i s se integreze. as a
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