BasicOrganicChemistry Structure/Func5on Polymers&Drugs

Unit8 Week7 Lecture13

Mephedronedesignerdrug

AliHlebitofbasicknowledgeoforganic chemistrycangoalongwayinbeingan informedconsumerandaninformed produc5veci5zen.

BasicOrganicChemistry NamingandDrawing
Unit8 Week7 Lecture14

BasicAlkanes
Structural Formula Condensed StructuralFormula

Molecular Formula

Branching

Mul5pleBonds
Alkenes Alkynes

Carbontendstoform4bonds

LineDrawings

Prac5cetolearnthelanguage

Isomers

Prac5cemore!

BasicOrganicChemistry Func5onalGroups
Unit8 Week7 Lecture15

Func5onalGroups
Func5onalgroupsaredis5nc5vearrangementsof groupsofatomsthatimpartcharacteris5cphysical andchemicalproper5estothemoleculesthatcontain them. Example:ethaneandethanol

Func5onalGroups

Prac5cetolearnthelanguage

Func5onalGroups

Circleandnamethefunc5onalgroupsinthe followingmolecules.

3DStructurePenicillinG
hHp://3dchem.com/molecules.asp?ID=250#

3DstructureValium
hHp://3dchem.com/ 3dmolecule.asp?ID=31

BasicOrganicChemistry Reac5ons
Unit8 Week8 Lecture16

BasicReac5ons
Addi5onReac5on Hydrolysis Condensa5onReac5ons

Condensa5onReac5on

Polymeriza5on
Typeofreac5oninwhichmanysubunitscalledmonomersare Chemicallycombinedtomakealargemoleculecalledapolymer. Polymersarefoundinnature:cellulose Polymersaresynthe5c:plas5cs Plas5csareengineeredtoyield desiredproper5es. Lookatpolymeriza5onreac5ons. Thinkaboutallthe dierentapplica5ons.

BasicAddi5onPolymer

Represent#ofmonomerunitswithn

PolyethyleneProducts

Whatsgoingononamolecularleveltogetsuch dierentproper5es? Structure/Func5on

Takealookatamodel
hHp://www.3dchem.com/3dmolecule.asp? ID=332

BasicOrganicChemistry PolymerAddi5onReac5ons
Unit8 Week8 Lecture17part1

Addi5onReac5onsDierent Monomers

PolyvinylChloride

PVCvaria5oninarrangement,yieldsvaria5on inproper5es

polyvinylchloride
hHp://www.3dchem.com/3dmolecule.asp?ID=327

polypropylene
hHp://www.3dchem.com/3dmolecule.asp?ID=331

BasicOrganicChemistry PolymerCondensa5onReac5ons
Unit8 Week8 Lecture17part2

Condensa5onPolymers Condensa5onpolymeriza5onmonomers joinbyelimina5ng(splijngout)asmall moleculesuchatwater. Synthe5cnylon,Dacron,Kevlar,ABS Naturalcellulose,starch,wool,silk,proteins

PolyamidesSynthe5c&Natural
Readonyourownthesec5oninyourbookonpolyamides, answertheseques5ons: Whyisitacopolymer? Drawthebasicreac5on. Suggestwhytheproper5esofthesynthe5cpolyamide(nylon) issimilarinfunc5ontoanaturalpolyamide(silk).Isthisan exampleofstructure/func5on?

Whathappenstoplas5csaner youthrowthemaway?
Unit8 Week8 Lecture18

Recyclingcodesmean?

RecyclingPETE
Foundin:Sondrink,waterand beerboHles;mouthwashboHles; peanutbuHercontainers;salad dressing Recycling:Pickedupthroughmost curbsiderecyclingprograms. Recycledinto:Polareece,ber, totebags,furniture,carpet, paneling,straps,(occasionally) newcontainers PETplas5cisthemostcommon forsingleuseboHledbeverages, becauseitisinexpensive, lightweightandeasytorecycle. Recyclingratesremainrela5vely low(around20%),thoughthe materialisinhighdemandby remanufacturers.

RecyclingHDPE
Foundin:Milkjugs,juiceboHles; bleach,detergentandhousehold cleanerboHles;shampooboHles; sometrashandshoppingbags; motoroilboHles;buHerand yogurttubs. Recycling:Pickedupthrough mostcurbsiderecyclingprograms. Recycledinto:Laundrydetergent boHles,oilboHles,pens,recycling containers,oor5le,drainage pipe,lumber,benches, doghouses,picnictables,fencing HDPEisaversa5leplas5cwith manyuses,especiallyfor packaging.Itcarrieslowriskof leachingandisreadilyrecyclable intomanygoods.

 Readmore: hHp://www.thedailygreen.com/greenhomes/ latest/recyclingsymbols plas5cs460321#ixzz1EdNJ7s3J Ifyouareinterestedinlearningaboutwhatis recyclableandwheretorecycle,youcangoogle recycleplas5cand/orcontactyourlocal recyclingcompany. Nowpleasedotheguidedreadingassignmentfor Chapter9,andyouwilllearnofotherpossible methodstodisposeofplas5csotherthan recycling.

Howareplas5csanddrugs related?
Unit8 Week9 Lecture19

Rememberthecondensa5onreac5on?

AcetylsalicylicAcidisAspirin Analgesics:

Structure/Func5on

Howdoesaspirinworksuchthatthose structuralfeaturesareimportant?

Opiateshavecommon pharmacophore.

Opiates

Whatisasteroid?
Unit8 Week9 Lecture20

Steroids
Aclassofnaturallyoccurringorsynthe5cfat solublecompoundsthatshareacommon carbonskeletonarrangedinfourrings.

Cholesterol

Femalehormone Malehormone

ProsandconsofHerbal Remedies
Unit8 Week10 Lecture21

Ephedra

amphetamines

Areherbalremediesregulated?
Dietarysupplementsvitamins,minerals,amino acids,enzymes,herbsandotherbotanicals. Dietarysupplementsarelooselyregulatedby FDA.Notreviewedbeforeputonmarket,only reviewedifcomplaints,healthissuesensue,etc. Shouldtelldoctorifyouaretakinganyofthese supplementsifaskedastheycaninterferewith prescribedmedica5on

BadDrugs?
Unit8 Week10 Lecture22

Endedlastlecturesayingwhat?
Moleculesaremoleculesaremolecules.

Table 10.7

Pot THC

HillbillyHeroin

MephedroneBathSalts

DesignerDrugs
Ecstasystartedasadesignerdrugandwas legalnowitisaScheduleIdrug. Mephedroneisanewdesignerdrugthatyou canpurchaseatalocalquickmart. Askyourself,becauseitislegalisitsafe? Thinkcri5cally.

OrganicMolecules
Carbonbasedcompounds Nomenclature Func5onalGroups Reac5ons EngineerFunc5onality Polymers GoodMedicine,NaturalProducts,BadDrugs Thinkaboutwhatyouuse,throwawayandconsume NextUnitapplyknowledgeofchemistrytonutri5on