C Programs (Basic Codes)

Functions
Global & Local Variable:
#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> int x=5,y=10; /*Global Variable*/ int Add() { return x+y; } int main() { int answer; /*Local variable*/ answer=Add(); /*Function Call*/ printf("\n\n Answer: %d", answer); getch(); }

Call by Value & Call by Reference:

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> void byvalue (int x) { x+=5; // x=x+5 printf("Value of x in byvalue is %d\n",x); } void byref(int*x) { (*x)+=5; printf("Value of x in byref is %d\n",(*x)); } int main() { int x=5;

byvalue(x); printf("x in main is %d\n",x) byref(&x); printf("x in main is %d\n",x); system("PAUSE"); return 0; }

Static Variable:
#include <conio.h> #include <stdio.h> #define MAX 5 void sumIt(void); int main() { int i =0; printf("Enter 5 numbers to be summed\n"); for(i = 0; i<MAX; ++i) sumIt(); printf("Program completed\n"); getchar(); return 0; } void sumIt(void) { static int sum = 0; int num; printf("\nEnter a number: "); scanf("%d", &num); sum+=num; printf("The current sum is: %d",sum); }

Array
Passing Array (Integer type & Character type):
Integer Type
#include <stdio.h>
2

#include <conio.h> void array (void) { int n[10]={21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30}; int i; clrscr(); printf("Element Value\n"); for(i=0;i<10;i++) { printf("%d %d\n",i,n[i]); } getch(); return ; } void main () { array (); getchar (); }

Character Type
#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> void array (void) { char n[10]={"ABCDEFGHIJ"}; int i; clrscr(); printf("Element Value\n"); for(i=0;i<10;i++) { printf("%d %c\n",i,n[i]); } getch(); return ; } void main () { array ();
3

getchar (); }

Bubble Sorting:
#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> void array(){ int n[10]={11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20}; int i,j,pass; clrscr(); printf("\n\n Numbers\n"); for(i=0;i<10;i++) { for(j=0;j<9;j++) { if(n[j]<n[j+1]) /*changing position statement*/ { pass=n[j+1]; n[j+1]=n[j]; n[j]=pass; } } } for(i=0;i<10;i++) { printf(" %d\n",n[i]); } getch(); return ; } void main () { array (); getchar (); }

G.C.D & L.C.M:

#include <stdio.h>

#include <conio.h> int gcd( int m, int n) { while( m!= n) // execute loop until m == n { if( m > n) m= m - n; // large - small , store the results in large variable else n=n-m; } return ( m); // m or n is GCD } int lcm( int m, int n) { int gcd( int, int); return( m * n / gcd (m , n)); // product of 2 numbers / gcd is lcm } int main() { int m, n , lcm( int, int), gcd( int ,int); printf(" Enter any 2 values \n"); scanf("%d%d", &m,&n); printf(" gcd is %d\n", gcd( m, n)); printf(" lcm is %d\n", lcm(m , n)); getch(); }

L.C.M
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main () { int x,y,i,j; printf("Enter two Digits = "); scanf("%d%d", &x,&y); for(i=1;i<=x;i++) { for(j=1;j<=y;j++) {
5

if(y*i==j*x) { printf("L.C.M is %d\n", y*i); i=i+x; } } } getch(); }

Prime Numbers:
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int i,j,n,count; clrscr(); printf("Enter the number: "); scanf("%d", &n); for(j=1;j<=n;j++) { count=0; for(i = 1 ; i <= j ; i++) { if(j % i == 0) { count++; } } if(count==2) { printf("\t%d",j); } } getch(); }

Fibonacci Series:
#include "stdio.h"
6

#include "conio.h" int main() { while(5) /*use while for infinite time use program*/ { /*while start*/ int s; /*declare varible for selecting choice*/ clrscr(); /*use for clear the previous screen*/ printf("\n\n\t\t\t****** FIBIONACCI SERIES *****\n"); printf("\n\n 1.Fibionacci Calculator"); printf("\n 2.Exit"); printf("\n\n Enter your choice = "); scanf("%d", &s); if(s==1) {/*if start*/ int num,x,y,z,sum; /*declare varible*/ clrscr(); x=0; y=1; printf("\n\n\t\t\t****** FIBIONACCI SERIES *****\n"); printf("\n\n-> Enter required number of fibionacci series = "); scanf("%d",&num); printf("\n\n"); printf("%d %d",x,y); for(z=0;z<num;z++) {/*for start*/ sum=x+y; x=y; y=sum; printf("\t%d",sum); }/*for end*/ getch(); } /*if end*/ if(s==2) { /*if start*/ int z; /*declare varible*/ clrscr(); /*use for clear the previous screen*/ printf("\n\n\n\n\n Are you sure. You want to Exit this Calculator.\n");

printf("\n 1. Yes"); printf("\n 2. No"); printf("\n\n Enter your choice = "); scanf("%d", &z); if(z==1) /*if start*/ { return ; /*to exit the program*/ }/*if end*/ else { printf("\n\t\t "); getch(); } } /*if end*/ } /*while end*/ } /*body end*/

Patterns
Right Side Triangle:
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main() { int a,b,c; printf("\nEnter the Number to make the Traingle = "); scanf("%d", &a); for(b=1;b<=a;b++) { for(c=1;c<=b;c++) { printf("*"); } printf("\n"); } getch(); return 0;

Output

Right Side Decreasing:

#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int n,i,j; printf("\nEnter the Number = "); scanf("%d", &n); printf("\n"); for(i=1;i<=n;i++) { for(j=n;j>=i;j--) { printf("*"); } printf("\n"); } getch(); }

Output

Pyramid
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int i,j,n; printf("\n\n Enter number to make pyramid = "); scanf("%d", &n); printf(""); for(i=0;i<n;i++) { for(j=n;j>0;j--) { if(j<i) printf("*"); printf(" ");

Output
9

} printf("\n\t\t\t"); } getch(); }

Square:
#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> void main() { int iControl; int i,j; printf("Enter an odd inteGer(lesser than 15):"); scanf("%d",&iControl); if(iControl%2!=1) { printf("You must enter an odd number\n"); } for(i=0;i<iControl;i++) { for(j=0;j<iControl;j++) { if(i==0 || j==0 || i==iControl-1 || j==iControl-1) { printf("*"); } else { printf(" "); } } printf("\n"); } getch(); }

Output

Cross
#include <stdio.h>
10

int main() { int iControl; int i, j; printf("Enter an Odd integer(lesser than 15): "); scanf("%d", &iControl); if( iControl%2 != 1 ) { printf("You must enter an Odd integer\n"); exit(0); } for(i=0; i<iControl; i++) { for(j=0; j<iControl; j++) { if(i==(iControl-1)/2&&j==(iControl-1)/2) { printf("*"); break; } if( i == j) printf("\\"); if( i == iControl-1-j ) { printf("/"); } else printf(" "); } printf("\n"); } getch(); return 0; }

Diamond:
#include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> int main()
11

{ int count,h,v,i,j,k,size; printf("\n Size of the pattern = "); scanf("%d",&size); for(i=size;i>0;i--) { for(j=1;j<i;j++) printf(" "); for(k=j;k<size;k++) { printf("*"); printf(" "); } printf("\n"); } for(count=size-1;count<size&&count!=-1;count--) { for(h=size;h>count;h--) printf(" "); for(v=1;v<count;v++) { printf("*"); printf(" "); } printf("\n"); } getch(); }

Output

12