UTILIZAREA ECHIPAMENTELOR NUMERICE PENTRU REGLAJUL AUTOMAT AL BOBINELOR DE STINGERE I DETECIA LINIILOR CU PUNERE LA PMNT N REELE DE MEDIE TENSIUNE

CU NEUTRUL TRATAT PRIN BOBIN DIGITAL EQUIPMENT USED IN EARTH COMPENSATED NETWORKS FOR AUTOMATIC ASC TUNING AND SELECTIVE EARTH FAULT DETECTION
Alexandru VASILIEVICI
Universitatea "Politehnica" Timioara, Romania Str V. Parvan nr 1 cod 1900 Timisoara sandi@et.utt.ro

Mircea COLCERIU

Dorel STNESCU

S.C. ELECTRICA S.A. FTDEE Transilvania Sud SDFEE Sibiu, Romania Str. Uzinei 1-7, Sibiu 2400 Tel 0269 205816 , Fax 0269 205704, dorels@electricasb.ro

Rezumat: Pentru funcionarea optim a reelelor de distribuie cu neutrul tratat prin bobina de stingere se impune urmrirea i corelarea reglajului bobinei n funcie de configuraia reelei. n cazul staiilor telecomandate, la care nu exist personal de deservire operativ, reglajul corect al bobinelor de stingere se poate realiza numai prin intermediul unor instalaii de automatizare. Lucrarea prezint particularitile legate de integrarea echipa-mentului EFD 40 produs de firma TRENCH Austria n sistemul de circuite secundare din staia de transformare 110/20kV Dumbrava. Pe lng funcia de regulator automat acest echipament realizeaz suplimentar detecia selectiv a liniei cu punere la pmnt. n final se prezint o analiz a comportrii n exploatare pentru acest tip de echipament.

Abstract: The Arc Suppression Coil (ASC) must be tuned according network configuration to ensure correct exploitation of distribution network with earthfault compensation neutral point treatment. In case of remote controlled substations automatic tuning for ASC is required. This paper presents the equipment used for this purpose in 110/20kV Dumbrava substation. EFD 40 is manufactured by TRENCH - Austria and provides both ASC tuning function and selective detection of an earth fault. Details about installation and considerations about field experience are also provided.

1. Introducere O problem cu care ne confruntm n exploatarea staiilor de transformare fr personal este cea legat de identificarea i declanarea selectiv a liniilor electrice pe care apar puneri la pmnt permanente. Sistemele de protecie mpotriva punerilor la pmnt n reelele de medie tensiune cu neutrul tratat prin bobin de stingere utilizate pn n prezent s-au dovedit ineficiente att din punct de vedere al sensibilitii ct i din punct de vedere al selectivitii. Punerile la pmnt, detectate printr-un releu maximal de tensiune homopolar amplasat n celula grupului de msur, sunt semnalizate la Dispecerul Local. Determinarea liniei cu defect se realizeaz prin deconectarea i reconectarea succesiv prin telemecanica a plecrilor pn la dispariia defectului. Acest mod de operare implic manevre numeroase, dureaz un timp destul de lung, conduce la uzur suplimentar a ntreruptorilor i la intreruperi n alimentarea consumatorilor.

1. Introduction One of the problems currently encountered in operation of remote controlled substation is selective detection of earth faults. Present protection devices for eart fault compensated MV networks failed to provide sensitive and selective protection functions in case of a single grounded phase. Earth faults detected with zero sequence overvoltage relays are signaled via telephone link to dispatch center. Faulty line is determined by remotely switching off an on each MV feeder until the fault disappear. This operation mode affect the maintenance interval for circuit breakers and determine numerous customer interruptions

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2. Principii utilizate pentru detectarea selectiva a punerilor la pmnt Detectarea selectiva a punerilor la pmnt n reelele de medie tensiune cu neutrul izolat sau tratat prin bobina de stingere implica utilizarea unor metode specifice innd seama n primul rnd de valorile mici (mult mai mici dect curenii de scurtcircuit) ale curenilor de punere la pmnt: Supravegherea tensiunii homopolare cu relee maximale de tensiune Relee wattmetrice. Criteriul curentului homopolar de valoare maxim nu este valabil pentru detectarea liniei defecte deoarece acesta circul prin linia cu cea mai mare capacitate fa de pmnt i nu prin linia cu defect. Variabila decisiv pentru identificarea liniei cu defect este componenta activ a curentului homopolar deoarece la locul cu defect trece suma curenilor rezistivi din sistemul de secven homopolar. Mai mult, tot aici trece i curentul homopolar datorat sub / supracompensrii prin BS. Relee wattmetrice direcionate. Prin determinarea sensului puterii active se mbuntete selectivitatea n reele complexe Supravegherea cu sisteme instruibile Determinarea variaiei curentului homopolar prin: A) Modificarea reglajului bobinei. Se modifica doar curentul homopolar pe plecarea cu defect B) Cuplarea - decuplarea unui condensator pe nfurarea auxiliara a BS - Detecie prin impulsuri C) Relee de regim tranzitoriu - Evalueaz sensul puterii active se secven homopolar n primele milisecunde D) Detecia armonicii a 5-a 3. Principiile de funcionare ale sistemului EPSY Sistemul EPSY (Earthfault Protection System) const n principiu dintr-o bobina de stingere reglabil continuu combinat cu un echipament pentru controlul automat al compensrii curentului capacitiv i un echipament selectiv i cu sensibilitate mare pentru detecia punerilor la pmnt. Familia de echipamente numerice dezvoltate de firma TRENCH - Austria pentru implementarea sistemului EPSY cuprinde : Regulatorul automat EFC30 care folosete ca metod de lucru deplasarea miezului bobinei pe o distan relativ mic. Prin determinarea mrimilor electrice asociate nainte i dup deplasare se calculeaz curba de rezonan. Miezul bobinei este ajustat direct la valoarea calculat. Regulatorul automat EFC40 utilizeaz o nou metod pentru calculul curbei de rezonan, metod ilustrat n (Fig. 1. a) i (Fig. 1. b). n acest caz dezacordul suplimentar necesar pentru calculul curbei de rezonan se realizeaz prin suprapunerea unui curent de valoare cunoscut peste sistemul de cureni de secven homopolar. Acest lucru se realizeaz prin utilizarea unui echipament suplimentar (ECI) care injecteaz un curent n nfurarea suplimentar a bobinei de stingere. Acordarea bobinei de stingere se face n dou etape: a. Determinarea curbei de rezonan a reelei. Prin modificarea pentru un interval foarte scurt de timp (dV0) a tensiunii homopolare folosind injecia suplimentar de curent se calculeaz impedana echivalent

2. Principles of selective detection of an earth fault Selective detection of earth faults in earth compensated networks requires special methods due to low values of zero sequence current (many times smaller than shortcircuit currents): Zero sequence over-voltage relays. If a certain threshold is exceeded, the monitoring of neutral to ground voltage will detect an earth fault. Wattmetric relays. Maxim value for zero sequence currents could not determine the faulty feeder because it is flowing in the line with the higher capacitance related to earth. The simplest way to detect the faulty feeder is to evaluate the zero sequence amplitude of active power flowing in individual feeders. Wattmetric direction relays. If the direction of active power is additionally evaluated, the detection will get more definite in meshed operated networks. Self-learning monitoring systems. Variation of zero sequence current: A) Coil adjustment. By adjustment of the arc-suppression coil the reactive part of the zero sequence current will be changed. In case of a low resistance fault there will be a change of the zero sequence current in the faulty feeder only. B) Pulse detection. This method use a capacitor connected to the auxiliary winding of ASC wich is cyclically switched on and off (0.5 to 1 Hz) C) Transient relays. Directional evaluation of transient flow of zero sequence active power during the first miliseconds is used to detect the faulty feeder. D)Evaluation of the 5.th harmonical. 3. EPSY system operating priciple The Earthfault Protection System (EPSY) consists of a continuously adjustable arc suppression coil combined with an automatic compensation control device and a selective, highly sensitive earhfault detection device. EPSY family range, developed in Austria by TRANCH contains the following device types: Earhfault Compensation Controller EFC 30. In case of a tuning operation the ASC is adjusted a small amount. Using the known coil position as well as the neutral to ground voltage measured before and after the adjustment operation, the controller determines the resonance curve. Then it calculates the necessary position and directly adjusts the ASC to the calculated value. Earthfault Compensation Controller EFC 40. For determination of the resonance point EFC 40 uses the current injection into the zero phase sequence system and therefore a detuning of the ASC coil is not necessary (Fig.1.a and Fig.1.b). The EFC 40 requires the installation of the current injecting device ECI. ASC tuning is performed in two stages: a. First, the controller determines the resonance curve using current injection. This causes a short change of the zero sequence voltage (dV0) that permit the calculation of equivalent network impedance. Taking into acount the prescribed detuning the controller moves the ASC coil directly to the tunning position. b. Continuous monitoring of ASC tuning. If neutral to ground voltage exceeds the adjusted treshold for a

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a reelei. Lund n considerare sub/supracompensarea programat prin parametrizare, miezul bobinei este poziionat direct la poziia necesar pentru compensarea dorit. b. Reglarea continu a bobinei de stingere. Dac valoarea tensiunii homopolare (monitorizat continuu) depete pentru un interval de timp prescris pragul impus prin parametrizare se execut automat un nou ciclu de poziionare. Deci, n cazul modificrii configuraiei reelei, nu este necesar intervenia operatorului uman

certain amount of time a new tuning operation is performed. No human action is required in case of network configuration changes.

a)

b)

Fig. 1. Determinarea curbei de rezonan cu ajutorul injeciei de curent Fig. 1. Current injection used to determine resonance curve

a)

b)

Fig. 2. Metoda admitanei Fig. 2. Admitance method Echipamentul EFD10 pentru detecia liniilor cu punere la pmnt. Pentru determinarea liniei cu defect se utilizeaz metoda admitanei brevetat de firma TRENCH (Fig. 2.a i Fig. 2.b). Prin msurarea fazorial a curenilor homopolari (Io1 Ion) i tensiunii homopolare (Vo) nainte i n timpul unei variaii controlate a reglajului BS se determin admitana de secven homopolar a liniilor. Valorile astfel calculate sunt stocate n memorie ca valori de referin. Pentru identificarea liniei care i modific asimetria, la intervale foarte scurte (20 ms), valorile de referin sunt comparate cu msurtorile vectoriale pentru tensiunea i curenii homopolari din sistem. Linia pentru care se constat cea mai mare variaie a asimetriei este identificat ca fiind linia defect. Prin aceast metod - Metoda Admitanei - se pot detecta defecte cu rezisten de trecere de pn la 100 kohm. Aceast sensibilitate, respectiv selectivitate nu poate fi atins prin nici una din metodele utilizate pn n prezent. Earthfault Detection Device EFD 10 uses admitance method for selective detection of earthfaults in compensated networks. This method, patented by TRENCH Austria, is illustrated in (Fig. 2.a and Fig. 2.b). The zero sequence admittance of the feeders are determined by vectorial measurement of the zero sequence currents (Io1Ion) and of the zero sequence voltage (Vo) before and during a defined modification of the zero sequence system. Calculated values are stored in memory as reference values. After this initial phase a check without current injection is made every 20 ms to identify the feeder in wich the asymetry changes. The feeder indicating the greatest change of asymetry is recognised as the faulty feeder. Using this method it is possible to detect high resistance faults up to 100 kohm. This selectivity respective sensibility can not be achieved by using any device or system of the traditional earth fault protection technique.

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Echipamentul EFD-40 care integreaz funcia de reglaj automat i cea de detecia a punerilor la pmnt n acelai echipament numeric. 4. Sistemul implementat n staia Dumbrava n cazul staiei de transformare 110/20kV Dumbrava se utilizeaz sistemul EPSY (Fig. 3.) compus din : Bobinele de stingere (existente, de fabricaie RETRASIB) Echipament digital EFD40-8 cu urmtoarele funcii: Control/reglaj pentru o singur bobin de stingere Detecia liniilor cu puneri la pmnt pentru 8 plecri de 20kV Echipament injecie curent necesar pentru acordarea bobinei de stingere. Traductoare de curent homopolar amplasate pe plecrile de MT din staie. Circuite secundare pentru declanare i semnalizri. Deoarece pentru compensarea curentului capacitiv n staia Dumbrava sunt necesare dou bobine de stingere a fost necesar o adaptare a sistemului: printr-o schem de alegere se utiliz pentru reglaj una dintre cele dou bobine, de exemplu BS1. Bobina BS2 va fi considerat fix (se pstreaz numai reglajul manual). Prin comutarea unui selector se poate funciona ns i cu BS2 n regim de reglaj automat cu BS1 considerat cu reglaj fix. n caz de indisponibilitate a echipamentului EFD40 schema permite reglajul manual pentru oricare dintre cele dou bobine de stingere. Pentru utilizarea n continuare a bobinei BS1 existente, de fabricaie romneasc, au fost necesare urmtoarele adaptri: nfurarea de tensiune a bobinei de stingere va fi utilizat ca nfurare suplimentar de curent i va fi conectat la echipamentul de injecie curent. ntre traductorul de poziie al ntrefierului bobinei i intrarea echipamentului de control este necesar introducerea unui convertor 0-100V la 0-20mA. A fost necesar montarea de transformatori de msur suplimentari pe fiecare dintre cele dou bobine deoarece nfurarea de msur nu mai este disponibil. Echipamentul EFD40 a fost montat n panoul existent din camera de comand dedicat bobinelor de stingere (Fig. 4.). Sistemul este realizat independent de celelalte circuite secundare din staia de transformare prin utilizarea de optocuplori ntre circuitele din panou i cele de declanare i semnalizare din celulele de medie tensiune. 5. Consideraii privind comportarea n exploatare Dup un an de la punerea n funciune a sistemului EPSY putem spune c implementarea acestuia n condiiile reelelor de MT existente n Romnia a adus beneficii substaniale: Reglajul continuu al bobinei de stingere a condus la reducerea semnificativ numrului de defecte permanente n reeaua aferent staiei Dumbrava de la un numr mediu de 27 defecte ntr-un an, nainte de montarea EFD40, la un numr de 9 defecte permanente nregistrate n 14 luni de funcionare. Trebuie subliniat faptul reducerea numrului de incidente s-a produs n condiiile n care starea tehnic a reelei de 20kV nu s-a modificat. Acest fapt este dovedit de numrul foarte mare de defecte trectoare eliminate prin reglajul corect al BS.

Compact device EFD 40 combines all the functions of the earth fault compensation controller EFC 40 and the earth fault detection device EFD 10. 4. Implementation of EPSY system in Dumbrava substation In case of Dumbrava substation the system (Fig. 3.) is composed from: Previous installed arc suppression coils manufactured by RETRASIB Digital device EFD 40-8 for automatic earthfault compensation and detection for up to eight medium voltage feeders Current injection device ECI Zero sequence current transducers installed in MV bays. Additional wiring for tripping and signaling The system is completed with an automation which provides full control of both ASCs installed in Dumbrava substation. One ASC is considered with fix coil and the other is adjusted. A set of manual switches ensure that each of them can perform both in manual or automatic mode. The romanian manufactured ASC needed some alterations to ensure proper use with EPSY system: Voltage measure winding provided by existing ASC was used as auxiliary power winding for current injection and connected to ECI A signal convertor from 1-100V to 0-20mA is required to adapt the coil position transducer to device input. Additional voltage transformers were needed because the ASCs winding used for voltage measure is no more available. EFD 40 device was installed in the existing panel, previously used for manual tuning of ASC (Fig. 4.). The system is optoisolated from the other circuits in substation.

5. Conclusions One year experience with EPSY system says that notable enhancements were achieved in MV network operation: Continuous adjustment of arc suppression coil to network configuration significantly reduces the number of permanent faults. In case of Dumbrava substation the number of permanent fault decreased from 27 per year to only 9 during 2002 even if the MV network technical condition remained the same. The proof is that the ASC suppressed a very large number of transient earthfaults.

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Poziii separatoare Poziie ntreruptor Curentul homopolar Curentul de injecie BS2

AUTOMATIZARE SELECTIE BOBINA DE STINGERE ACTIVA

Curentul de injecie BS1 V10 tens.homopolara

Declanare la p.p. Semnalizare defect rezistiv

Poziii separatoare Poziie ntreruptor Curentul homopolar

Fig. 3. Schema de principiu a sistemului Fig. 3. System arhitecture

Declanare la p.p. Semnalizare defect rezistiv

EFD 40-8
Curentul de injecie C-da pornire ECI

Fig. 4. Detalii de montaj Fig. 4. Front and back view of the installation panel
ECI
ECI alimentat ECI n funcie

ECHIPAMENT CONTROL/REGLAJ BOBINA DE STINGERE I DETECIE PUNERI LA PMNT

ECHIPAMENT INJECIE CURENT

C-da reglare ntrefier mrire/micorare V12 tens. referin 100Vc.a. Alimentare 220Vc.a. din serv. prop. Alimentare 220Vc.c. din serv. prop.

Alimentare 220Vc.a. din serv. prop.

TRADUCTOR 0-100V 0-20mA

Poziii separatoare Poziie ntreruptor Curentul homopolar

Poziie ntrefier minim/maxim Poziie ntrefier intermediar

Declanare la p.p. Semnalizare defect rezistiv

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A fost redus timpul de depistare a liniilor cu defect permanent prin aciunea componentei de detecie din cadrul echipamentului EFD40. Practic liniile respective sunt declanate selectiv dac defectul are o durat mai mare de 3 secunde. nregistrrile demarajelor efectuate de ctre EFD40 permit evaluarea strii tehnice pentru reeaua de MT. Astfel, se observ c naintea unei declanrii unei linii cu punere la pmnt pe linia respectiv apar de obicei cteva defecte trectoare, eliminate prin bobin. Prin monitorizarea registrului de evenimente se poate lua decizia de a efectua un control pe linie i de a prentmpina apariia unui defect permanent.

The main advantage is the improved selectivity in case of an earthfault. EFD 40 device detects and trips the faulty feeder if the perturbation last more than 3 seconds. Fault buffer and recorded events are useful tools for network condition monitoring. A permanent fault is usualy preceded by a succession of transient faults on the same feeder. If the history log is regularly checked some of the permanent faults could be avoided and proper maintenance measures taken.

Bibliografie (References) 1. Vasilievici Al., Gal S., Balasiu F., Fagarasan, T.: Implementarea Echipamentelor Digitale de Protecie i Comand pentru Reele
Electrice (Electric network digital protection and control equipments implementation), Editura Tehnic, Bucureti, 2000 2. *** Instruction manual EPSY Earthfault System Electronic Components TRENCH