Steel Moment Frame Connection Performance Limits For Disproportionate Collapse Analysis (SEI 2012)

STEEL MOMENT FRAME CONNECTION PERFORMANCE LIMITS FOR DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE
Caroline Field, P.E., CEng MICE Andy Coughlin, P.E. Steven Wopschall, P.E.
Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc. San Francisco, CA
Copyright 2012 Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc.
Overview
Case Study
1960s high rise building Partially restrained moment connections
Definitions Analysis Process Criteria
Connection Strength Material Strength Rotation Limits
Introduction
Key Findings
Definitions ASCE Terminology and Procedures Subcommittee

Design and Performance
Disproportionate Collapse
A collapse that is characterized by a pronounced disproportion between a relatively minor event and the ensuing collapse of a major part or whole of a structure A collapse that commences with the failure of one or a few structural components and then progresses over successively affected other components
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Phenomenon and Mechanism
Progressive Collapse
A likely scenario
Federal Building
Occupied by DoD Major Investment
UFC 3-023-03
Occupancy III Bldg Alternate Path Method
ASCE 41-06
Nonlinear Method Connection Backbones Rotation Limits
How valid is the use of modeling parameters created for seismic time-history analysis?
Copyright 2012 Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc. 4
Case Study
1960s era steel high rise 30 stories WF30 to WF16 girders Double Split-T Connections UFC 3-023-03, Alternate Path Method
Source: Chicago Tribune Copyright 2012 Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc. 5
Analysis Assumptions
LS-DYNA Nonlinear Time History Analysis (LSTC 2007) *MAT_SEISMIC_BEAM with nonlinear backbones from ASCE41-06 Belytschko-Schwer resultant beam elements Instantaneous column removal 2% damping
Column Removal Locations

5 Bays @ 28-0 = 140-0
9 Bays @ 28-0 = 252-0
3 plan locations x 9 elevations x 1 lateral load direction = 39 total runs 3 plan locations x 13 elevations x 4 lateral load directions = 156 total runs
Steel Connections
Source: ASCE 41-06
Source: UFC 3-023-03 Source: FEMA 274 (2000) Copyright 2012 Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc. 8
Steel Connections

Source: ASCE 41-06
Limit State 1: Shear in Bolt Limit State 2: Tension in Bolt Limit State 3: Tension in Tee Limit State 4: Flexure in Tee
30% of Beam Moment Capacity 50% of Beam Moment Capacity 70% of Beam Moment Capacity
ASCE 41-06 vs. FEMA 355D (Empirical) vs. FEMA 274

Source: AISC Steel Manual, 13th Ed. 9
Per ASCE 41-06 Connections (30% of Beam Moment Capacity)
ANALYSIS RESULTS
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Per FEMA 355D Connections (50% of Beam Moment Capacity)
SENSITIVITY RESULTS
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13
Per FEMA 274 Connections (70% of Beam Moment Capacity)
SENSITIVITY RESULTS
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Discussion-Connection Strength
Source: ASCE 41-06
Source: AISC Steel Manual, 13th Ed.
ASCE 41-06 vs. FEMA 355D vs. FEMA 274

Huge difference in outcomes.
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Discussion-Material Strength
Default Properties
Material Steel WF Steel Column Steel Column H.S. Bolts ASTM A36 A36 A441 A325 Lower Bound Yield Strength (ksi) 37 37 42 15 (shear); 40 (tension) Expected Strength Translation Factor 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 (tension) Expected Yield Strength (ksi) 40.7 40.7 46.2 44.0
Coupon Testing
Coupon Location (Steel WF Girders) 2nd 13th 31st Mean Std. Deviation Yield Strength (ksi) 49 42.8 51.9 47.9 4.7 Ultimate Strength (ksi) 73.8 68.5 77.6 73.3 4.6
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Discussion-Material Strength
Comparison
Method ASCE 41-06 FEMA 273 Coupon Testing Lower Bound Yield Strength (ksi) 36 36 43.3 Expected Yield Strength (ksi) 40.7 54 47.9
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Discussion-Rotation Limits
The test results show that the rotational capacities of both the WUF-B and RBS connections under monotonic column displacement are about tw ice as large as those based on seismic test data. [emphasis added]
-NIST Technical Note 1669 An Experimental and Computational Study of Steel Moment Connections under a Column Removal Scenario, Sept 2010, pp. xvi.
Key Findings
Seismic Criteria for Disproportionate Collapse Analysis?
Could affect whether costly retrofit is required.
Connection Strength
Highly Sensitive for Disp. Collapse Analysis
Material Properties
Coupon Testing Preferred for Both
Rotation Limits
Conservative?
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Questions?
Contact Info: Andy: acoughlin@hce.com Caroline: cfield@hce.com @hinmanpulse www.hce.com/blog
Source: Chicago Tribune
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Steel Moment Frame Connection Performance Limits For Disproportionate Collapse Analysis (SEI 2012)

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STEEL MOMENT FRAME CONNECTION PERFORMANCE LIMITS FOR DISPROPORTIONATE COLLAPSE

Copyright 2012 Hinman Consulting Engineers, Inc.