DRY WALL

DRYWALL, ALSO KNOWN AS PLASTERBOARD , WALLBOARD OR GYPSUM BOARD IS A PANEL MADE OF GYPSUM PLASTER PRESSED BETWEEN TWO THICK SHEETS OF PAPER . IT IS USED TO MAKE INTERIOR WALLS AND CEILINGS. IN MANY PLACES THE COMMON TERM IS A GENERIC ZED TRADEMARK SUCH AS GIB, SHEETROCK OR GYPROC.

HISTORY
SACKETT BOARD " WAS INVENTED IN 1894 BY AUGUSTINE SACKETT AND FRED KANE . IT WAS MADE BY LAYERING PLASTER WITHIN FOUR PLIES OF WOOL FELT PAPER . SHEETS WERE 36" 36" 1/4" THICK WITH OPEN (UNTAPPED) EDGES." "GYPSUM BOARD" EVOLVED BETWEEN 1910 AND 1930 BEGINNING WITH WRAPPED BOARD EDGES , AND ELIMINATION OF THE TWO INNER LAYERS OF FELT PAPER IN FAVOR OF PAPER-BASED FACINGS . PROVIDING EFFICIENCY OF INSTALLATION, IT WAS DEVELOPED ADDITIONALLY AS A MEASURE OF FIRE RESISTANCE . LATER AIR ENTRAINMENT TECHNOLOGY MADE BOARDS LIGHTER AND LESS BRITTLE , THEN JOINT TREATMENT MATERIALS AND SYSTEMS ALSO EVOLVED . " ROCK LATH" WAS AN EARLY SUBSTRATE FOR PLASTER. AN ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL WOOD OR METAL LATH , IT WAS A PANEL MADE UP OF COMPRESSED GYPSUM PLASTER BOARD THAT WAS SOMETIMES GROOVED OR PUNCHED WITH HOLES TO ALLOW WET PLASTER TO KEY INTO ITS SURFACE . AS IT EVOLVED , IT WAS
FACED WITH PAPER IMPREGNATED WITH GYPSUM CRYSTALS THAT BONDED WITH THE APPLIED FACING LAYER OF PLASTER.

CONSTRUCTION TECNIQUES
DRYWALL IS CUT TO SIZE, USING A LARGE T-SQUARE, BY SCORING THE PAPER ON THE FRONT SIDE (USUALLY WHITE ) WITH A UTILITY KNIFE , BREAKING THE SHEET ALONG THE CUT, SCORING THE PAPER BACKING , AND FINALLY BREAKING THE SHEET IN THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION. SMALL FEATURES SUCH AS
HOLES FOR OUTLETS AND LIGHT SWITCHES ARE USUALLY CUT USING A KEYHOLE SAW OR A SMALL HIGH SPEED BIT IN A ROTARY TOOL . DRYWALL IS THEN FIXED TO THE WALL STRUCTURE WITH NAILS, GLUE , OR MORE COMMONLY IN RECENT YEARS, THE NOW -UBIQUITOUS DRYWALL SCREWS.

DRYWALL FASTENERS ALSO REFERRED TO AS DRYWALL CLIPS OR STOPS ARE USED FOR SUPPORTING INTERIOR DRYWALL CORNERS AND REPLACING THE NON- STRUCTURAL WOOD OR METAL BLOCKING THAT TRADITIONALLY WAS USED TO INSTALL DRYWALL . DRYWALL SCREWS HEADS HAVE A CURVED TAPER , ALLOWING THEM TO SELF-PILOT AND INSTALL RAPIDLY WITHOUT PUNCHING THROUGH THE PAPER COVER . AFTER THE SHEETS ARE SECURED TO THE WALL STUDS OR CEILING JOISTS, THE SEAMS BETWEEN DRYWALL SHEETS ARE CONCEALED USING JOINT TAPE AND SEVERAL LAYERS OF JOINT COMPOUND ( SOMETIMES CALLED MUD). T HIS COMPOUND IS ALSO APPLIED TO ANY SCREW HOLES OR DEFECTS . T HE COMPOUND IS

ALLOWED TO AIR DRY THEN TYPICALLY SANDED SMOOTH BEFORE PAINTING. ALTERNATIVELY , FOR A BETTER FINISH , THE ENTIRE WALL MAY BE GIVEN A SKIM COAT, A THIN LAYER ( ABOUT 1 MM OR

1/16 INCH) OF FINISHING COMPOUND, TO MINIMIZE THE VISUAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE PAPER AND MUDDED AREAS AFTER PAINTING . ANOTHER SIMILAR SKIM COATING IS ALWAYS DONE IN A PROCESS CALLED VENEER PLASTERING , ALTHOUGH IT IS DONE SLIGHTLY THICKER ( ABOUT 2 MM OR 1/8 INCH). VENEERING USES A SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT SPECIALIZED SETTING COMPOUND ("FINISH PLASTER ") THAT CONTAINS GYPSUM AND LIME PUTTY .

DEMERITS
DRYWALL IS EASILY DAMAGED BY EXPOSURE TO WATER. WHILE IT CAN BE WATERPROOFED THROUGH COVALENT WATERPROOFING , IF WATERPROOFING IS ABSENT OR IF THE WATERPROOFING LAYER IS PUNCTURED , WATER WILL CAUSE DRYWALL TO SWELL AND EVENTUALLY DISINTEGRATE , REQUIRING
REPLACEMENT

DRYWALL IS A POROUS , LIGHTWEIGHT SUBSTANCE THAT SUPPORTS THE GROWTH OF MOLD . IT IS FOR THIS
REASON THAT GREEN BOARD AND CEMENT BOARD IS USED FOR ROOMS EXPECTED TO HAVE HIGH HUMIDITY , PRIMARILY KITCHENS , BATHROOMS AND LAUNDRY ROOMS.

VOLATILE SULFUR COMPOUNDS, INCLUDING HYDROGEN SULFIDE , HAVE BEEN DETECTED AS EMISSIONS FROM THE IMPORTED DRYWALL AND MAY BE LINKED TO HEALTH PROBLEMS. BECAUSE UP TO 17% OF DRYWALL IS WASTED DURING THE MANUFACTURING AND INSTALLATION PROCESSES AND THE DRYWALL MATERIAL IS FREQUENTLY NOT RE -USED, DISPOSAL CAN BECOME A
PROBLEM

INSTALLING DRYWALL CREATES CLOUDS OF DUST A BAD TAPING JOB TRANSLATES INTO A LUMPY FINISHED WALL .

MERITS LIGHT WEIGHT SYSTEMS 8 TO 10 TIMES LIGHTER THAN CONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS LIKE BRICK / BLOCK WORK. FASTER CONSTRUCTION FIVE TO EIGHT TIMES FASTER. SUPERIOR ACOUSTICS PERFORMANCE IN TERMS OF INSULATION WITH INSULATION RATING UP TO 74 DB. TESTED AND CERTIFIED SYSTEMS TO GIVE BETWEEN 1/2 4 HOUR FIRE RATING . SMOOTH FINISH, AESTHETICALLY BEAUTIFUL CRACK FREE SURFACES. FLEXIBILITY IN TERMS OF MODIFICATIONS AND REFURBISHMENT AT SOME POINT IN TIME . GREEN AND RECYCLABLE PRODUCT.

TYPES

REGULAR WHITE BOARD , FROM 1/4" TO 3/4" THICKNESS FIRE-RESISTANT ("TYPE X"), DIFFERENT THICKNESS AND MULTIPLE LAYERS OF WALLBOARD PROVIDE
INCREASED FIRE RATING BASED ON THE TIME A SPECIFIC WALL ASSEMBLY CAN WITHSTAND A STANDARDIZED FIRE TEST . OFTEN PERLITE , VERMICULITE AND BORIC ACID ARE ADDED TO IMPROVE FIRE RESISTANCE .

GREEN BOARD, THE DRYWALL THAT CONTAINS AN OIL -BASED ADDITIVE IN THE GREEN COLORED PAPER COVERING THAT PROVIDES MOISTURE RESISTANCE . I T IS COMMONLY USED IN WASHROOMS AND OTHER AREAS EXPECTED TO EXPERIENCE ELEVATED LEVELS OF HUMIDITY . BLUE BOARD, BLUE FACE PAPER FORMS A STRONG BOND WITH A SKIM COAT OR A BUILT-UP PLASTER FINISH PROVIDING BOTH WATER AND MOLD RESISTANCE . CEMENT BOARD, WHICH IS MORE WATER -RESISTANT THAN GREEN BOARD, FOR USE IN SHOWERS OR SAUNA ROOMS, AND AS A BASE FOR CERAMIC TILE SOUNDBOARD IS MADE FROM WOOD FIBERS TO INCREASE THE SOUND RATING (STC) SOUNDPROOF DRYWALL IS A LAMINATED DRYWALL MADE WITH GYPSUM , OTHER MATERIALS , AND DAMPING POLYMERS TO SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE STC MOLD-RESISTANT, PAPERLESS DRYWALL ENVIROBOARD, A BOARD MADE FROM RECYCLED AGRICULTURAL MATERIALS LEAD-LINED DRYWALL , A DRYWALL USED AROUND RADIOLOGICAL EQUIPMENT, FOIL-BACKED DRYWALL TO
CONTROL MOISTURE IN A BUILDING OR ROOM

CONTROLLED DENSITY (CD), ALSO CALLED CEILING BOARD, WHICH IS AVAILABLE ONLY IN 1/2" THICKNESS AND IS SIGNIFICANTLY STIFFER THAN REGULAR WHITE BOARD . ECO ROCK, A DRYWALL WHICH USES A COMBINATION OF 20 MATERIALS INCLUDING RECYCLED FLY ASH , SLAG, KILN DUST AND FILLERS AND NO STARCH CELLULOSE ; IT IS ADVERTISED AS BEING ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY DUE TO THE USE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS AND AN ENERGY EFFICIENT PROCESS. GYPSUM FIRE CODE C. THIS BOARD IS SIMILAR IN COMPOSITION TO TYPE X, EXCEPT FOR MORE GLASS FIBERS AND A FORM OF VERMICULITE , USED TO REDUCE SHRINKAGE . WHEN EXPOSED TO HIGH HEAT, THE GYPSUM CORE SHRINKS BUT THIS ADDITIVE EXPANDS AT ABOUT THE SAME RATE , SO THE GYPSUM CORE IS MORE STABLE IN A FIRE , AND REMAINS IN PLACE EVEN AFTER THE GYPSUM DRIES UP .

Plastering & Finishing products

Ceiling and Wall Solutions

Systems

One Coat One Coat Elite Xpert BOND it Putty

Plasterboard Gyproc Special board Gyptone Big Boards Gyproc Ceiling Panel Mineral Fibre Tiles Metal Ceiling Tiles Ecophon

Ceiling Systems Grid Ceiling System Drywall Partition System Wall Lining System Gypwall Robust

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
ASSIGNMENT

Dry wall

SUBMITTED BYNAKUL KUMAR NAYAN SEC-B

ROLL NO -1090100119

5TH SEM,3RD YEAR