Chapter 6

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Predisposing Factor
Age (7 y/o)

Precipitating Factor
Poor Diet Atmospheric Pollutants

Risk Factor
Asthmatic Patient IgE Stimulation Mast cell Degranulation Asthma attacks

Streptococcus Pneunoniae

Gain access to the center of the respiratory tract through Inspiration or aspiration

Activation of defense mechanism Lose effectiveness of defense mechanism Penetrate the LRT (lungs) Multiply Impaired mucocilary reaction

Colonization begins Release of damaging toxin

Exudates from Bacteria Erodes the lungs Inflammation

Irritation of airway

Increase goblet cell

airway

Occluded airway

Increase mucus production

Vasodilation

Occluded Airway

Mucus become increasingly viscous

Increase blood flow Dead space happened Cough Plasma and carbohydrates rich fluid leakage Increase respiratory Crackles Airway constriction DOB

Accumulation of edematous fluid

Impaired O2 and CO2 exchange

Inflamed & fluid filled alveolar sacs

Increase airway resistance

Decrease CO2

Respiratory muscle works harder

Lung consolidation

Muscle fatigue & exhaustion

Hypoxia Body malaise Decrease Fluid intake Excessive sweating

Fluid Volume deficit Dehydration Loss of fluid and electrolyte Impaired thirst sensation Hypomagnesemia

Malabsorption process disorder Impaired absorption of

Hypophosphatemia