DESIGN OF PAVEMENT BY USING GEO POLYMER CONCRETE BLOCKS IN AUTT CAMPUS

Guided by Mr. S. SURESH Visiting faculty Department of Civil Engineering Anna university of technology, Tiruchirappalli-24

Presented by N.Dhileeban(01108111016) V.Harikrishnan(01108111028) S.Jaisankar(01108111029) K.Kalirajan(01108111034)

Introduction
The traditional system of bituminous pavements is widely used in our country. Bitumen is a by product of petroleum which is depleting day by day. Locally available cement concrete is a better substitute to bitumen. Concrete Low Impact and Abrasion Resistance . Portland cement responsible for upward 85% of energy and 90% of carbon dioxide emission. The perfect solution would be GEO POLYMER CONCRETE

BLOCK PAVEMENTS.

Objective
We have planned to prepare geo polymer concrete blocks and design a pavement by using these blocks in AUTT campus.

Different aspects in planning , designing and cost analysing of pavement will be included.

Methodology
Geo polymer concrete preparation
Fly ash

Alkaline activator (NaOH + Na2SiO3)

( Na2O 6- 10%, w=0.30 0.40,M=8)

Aggregate storage(Open air atm)

Geo polymeration(60-80oC 6-12 hours open atm)

Mix Proportion
10 Molarity calculation:Specific gravity of flyash = 2.52 Design Compressive strength = 45 Mpa Density of concrete = 2400 kg/m3
Weight of the aggregate = 75% of 2400 = 1800 kg/m3 70% of Coarse aggregate = 1260 kg/m3 Fine aggregate (sand) = 1800 1260 = 540 kg/m3

cont...
Alkaline liquid (Sodium hydroxide + Sodium silicate) Alkaline liquid to flyash ratio by mass = 0.45

= 0.45

Mass of flyash and liquid = 2400 1800 = 600 kg/m3 Mass of flyash = 600/(1+0.45) = 413 kg/m3 Mass of alkaline liquid = 600 413 = 186 kg/m3

Cont...
Ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide = 2.5

= 2.5

Alkaline liquid requirement: Mass of NaoH = 186/(1+2.5) = 53.2 kg/m3 Mass of sodium silicate = 133 kg/m3

Curing
Ambient Curing Hot curing Ambient Curing was done by keeping the specimens including the moulds in Room temperature for 5 days after it will be demoulded.

In Hot Curing the specimens including the moulds were kept in a hot air oven or in micro-oven at 60oC for 24 hours after it will be demoulded.

Economy of Gpc Vs ordinary cement concrete

Ordinary concrete for M30: cement content = 340 kg/m3 cost = Rs. 2500

Geopolymer concrete for M30:

NaoH requirement 31 Kg cost = Rs. 1147 sodium silicate requirement 109 kg cost = Rs. 1144.50 Total cost = Rs. 2291.50 No CO2 emission

Test values
Specific Gravity: Fly ash = 2.47 Sand =2.68 Coarse aggregate =2.83 Soil test: Plastic limit = 21% Liquid limit =22.5% Optimum moisture content =10% Bulk density = 1.93 g/cc Dry density =1.75 g/cc

Cont...
Fineness of flyash Aggregate crushing value Fineness modulus of c.a Fineness modulus of f.a CBR value = 90% =1.93% = 7.68 = 2.507 = 9%

Molarity of NaOH

Specimen

Compressive strength

7days N/mm2 A 17.9 18.1 17.3 15.2 14.6 15.3 13.8 13.1 14.2

14days N/mm2 20.6 21.1 20.9 19.7 19.8 20.2 19.2 18.7 19.1

28days N/mm2 24.2 24.1 24.4 22.5 22.1 22.3 21.5 21.6 21.4

12 M

B C A

10 M

B C A

8M

B C

EDA calculation
Effective number of days per year = 300 Days/ year Growth factor = (1+r)n -1 / loge(1+r) = (1+0.02)20 1 / loge(1+0.02) = 24.5 Design EDA = no of vehicle per day x load factor x effective no of day x growth factor = [(190 x 0.5)+(58 x 1)+(15 x 3)] x 300 x 24.5 = 1.45 x 106 EDA.

Total thickness chart

Base course thickness

Paving block thickness

Design traffic (EDA) Recommended paving blocks Shape Thickness (mm) Up to 3x104 3x104 or more Any Capable of herringbone pattern 60 or 80 80 Laying pattern H,B or S H only

Pavement Design
Thickness Design :
Sub base course Base course Bedding Sand Pavement Block Joint = 150 mm = 140 mm = 30 mm = 80 mm = 3 mm

Laying pattern :
Herringbone Laying pattern

Herringbone Laying pattern

Pavement Structure

Campus Road layout

Construction of pavement
The following steps are followed in the construction of pavement, Setting out Drainage and subgrade construction Compaction Sub base/ base course construction Planning the paving operation Placing and screeding sand bedding Edge restraints Laying the paving block

Maintenance
WEED CONTROL The sanded joints ultimately acquire a content of dust which may permit germination of airborne seeds. Traffic should control weed growth in many situations. If,however weed growth does become apparent spraying with a herbicide will be necessary. JOINTS Once filled and after dust has time to accumulate the joints should remain filled. Joints sand can sometimes be lost by rain on steep slopes or vigorous hosing ,particularly in the early life of the pavement. If there is evidence of sand loss the affected joints should be topped up by sand brooming and vibration. CLEANING Block pavements can generally be cleaned with normal equipment.The exceptions are vacuum equipment. And water blasting which may remove joint sand.In the course of time dust acts as a binder in the joints and vacuum equipment. May be used. The block surfaces can become stained with oil or food stuffs. Commercially available concrete cleaning compounds can be used but care is needed when hosing them off.

details of works 1 Earth work excavation 2 Subgrade filling 3 Base course filling 4 Bedding sand 1 4609.38 7.2 0.03 995.63 1 4609.38 7.2 0.09 2986.88 1 4609.38 7.2 0.15 4978.13 1 4609.38 7.2 0.24 7965

Pavement 1248590
block

0.19

0.139

0.08

2655

Edge

4609.38

0.15

0.15

207.42

restraints
7 Joint filling 1248590 0.015 0.08 1498.3

Abstract of cost
Item no Particulates of Quantity Per Rate Amount

items and details

of works 1 Earth work

Cu.m

Rs.

p.

Rs.

p.

7965

Cu.m

25.50

203107.50

excavation
2 3 4 Subgrade filling Base course filling Bedding sand 4978.13 2986.88 995.63 Cu.m Cu.m Cu.m 365.00 400.00 110.00 1817017.45 1194752.00 109519.30

5
6

Pavement block
Edge restraints

2655
207.42

Cu.m
Cu.m Total

2991.50
2991.50

7942432.50
620496.93 11887325.68

Comparision between GPC&OPC

Item no Particulates of
items and details of works 1 Earth work 7965 Cu.m 25.50 203107.50 203107.50

Quantity
Cu.m

Per
Rs.

Rate
p.

Amount for GPC Amount for OPC

Rs. p. Rs p.

excavation
2 3 4 5 Subgrade filling Base course filling Bedding sand Pavement block GPC 6 pavement block OPC 7 Edge restraints GPC 207.42 Cu.m 2991.50 620496.93 -2655 Cu.m 3200.00 -8496000 4978.13 2986.88 995.63 2655 Cu.m Cu.m Cu.m Cu.m 365.00 400.00 110.00 2991.50 1817017.45 1194752.00 109519.30 7942432.50 1817017.45 1194752.00 109519.30 --

conclusion
Through this project the following results were obtained Mix design procedure for geopolymer concrete. Compressive strength has been varying with respect to the change in molarity of NaOH solution. Economy in GPC production when compared to Ordinary cement concrete. And also we are concluded that by using this type of pavements in our campus will be most economical. At the same time natures gift of wonderful World is protected from Global warming problem. Thus this project will be most economically and ecofriendly also.

TURN POLLUTION INTO SOLUTION

Suggestions for future Research

The bond between geopolymer concrete and steel reinforcements needs to be studied for the practical use of this material. The interaction of geopolymer concrete and reinforcements is to be studied to develop codal provisions for practical design purposes. A detailed study is needed to minimize the amount of heat energy required for polymerization of geopolymer concrete. It is obvious that durability of geopolymer concrete is to studied in details for long term performance of such concrete.

References
Davidovits, J (1988) Soft Mineralogy and Geopolymers, Proceedings of the of Geopolyemer 88 International Conference, the Universit de Technologie, Geopolymer Compigne, France. Dutta, B.N., Estimating and Costing in Civil Engineering, UBS Malhotra, V. M. (1999). "Making Concrete "Greener" With Fly Ash." ACI Concrete International 21(5): 61-66. Tait, J.B(1987) Interlocking Concrete Block paving National Roads board, RRU Technical Recommendation TR10. PWD Schedule Rates for 2011-2012. Shackle, B(1978) An Experimental Investigation of the Response of Interlocking Block pavements to Simulated Traffic Loading. Australian Road Reasearch Board. ARR 90.