15. Injuries to Major League Baseball players have been increasing in recent years.

For the period 1992 to 2001, league expansion caused Major League Baseball rosters to increase by 15%. However, the number of players being put on the disabled list due to injury increased 32% over the same period. A research question addressed whether Major League Baseball players being put on the disabled list are on the list longer in 2001 than players put on the disabled list a decade earlier. a. Using the population mean number of days a player is on the disabled list, formulate null and alternative hypothesis that can be used to test the research questions. b. Assume that the following data apply: 2001 Season n = 45 _ X 1992 Season n = 38

Sample Size

Sample mean

= 60 days

_ = 51 days x

Sample standard deviation

s = 18 days s = 15 days What is the point estimate of the difference between population mean number of days on the disabled list for 2001 compared to 1992? What is the percentage increase in the number of days on the disabled list? c. Use a = .01 What is your conclusion about the number of days on the disabled list? What is the p-value? d. Do these data suggest that Major League Baseball should be concerned about the situation? Answer H0: There is no significant difference between population mean numbers of days on the disabled list for 2001 compared to 1992 H1: Population mean number days Major League Baseball players being put on the disabled list are longer in 2001 than players put on the disabled list 1992 b). The estimated difference = X1 X 2 = 60-51 =9days Percentage increase = 9/51*100=17.6470

C. The test Statistic used is t =

2 (n1 1) S12 + (n2 1)S 2 X1 X 2 n1n2 ~ tn1 + n2 2 , where S = S n1 + n2 n1 + n2 2 Rejection criteria: reject the null hypothesis, if the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t with n1+n2-2 d.f

Details Test Statistic t = 2.4467 Critical Value = 2.373273 P value = 0.0083 Conclusion: Reject the null hypothesis. The sample provides enough evidence to support the claim. d). Yes. There is a significant increase in the population mean numbers of days on the disabled list for 2001 compared to 1992.

23. Bank of Americas Consumer Spending Survey collected data on annual credit card Charges in seven different categories of expenditures: transportation, groceries, dining out, household expenses, home furnishings, apparel, and entertainment. Using data from a sample of 42 credit card accounts, assume that each account was used to identify the annual credit card charges for groceries (population 1) and the annual credit card charges for dining out (population 2). Using the difference data, the sample mean difference was _ = $850, and d the sample standard deviation was s = $1123. d

a. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses to test for no difference between the population mean credit card charges for groceries and the population mean credit card charges for dining out. b. Use a .05 level of significance. Can you conclude that the population means differ? What is the p-value? c. Which category, groceries or dining out, has a higher population mean annual credit card charge? What is the point estimate of the difference between the population means? What is the 95% confidence interval estimate of the difference between the population means? Answer a). The null hypothesis tested is

H0: There is no significant difference between the population mean credit card charges for groceries and the population means credit card charges for dining out. H1: There is significant difference between the population mean credit card charges for groceries and the population mean credit card charges for dining out. b) Test Statistic used is d t= n , where d mean of difference, S the SD of the difference , n sample size s Rejection criteria : Reject the null hypothesis, if the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t . Details d = $850 , S d = 1123, n =42 Test Statistics t = 4.90528 Critical value of t = 2.02 P value = 0.000 Conclusion. Reject the null hypothesis. The sample provides enough evidence to support the claim c. Since the sample mean of difference is positive, we can conclude that population 1( credit card charges for groceries) has population mean annual credit card charge. The point estimate of the difference between the population means = $850 95% Confidence Interval for the difference is given by Sd S , d + t / 2, n1 d = [ 499.699, 1200.031] d t / 2,n 1 n n

25. Please see excel file named tvradio In recent years, a growing array of entertainment options competes for consumer time. By 2004, cable television and radio surpassed broadcast television, recorded music, and the daily newspaper to become the two entertainment media with the greatest usage. Researchers used a sample of 15 individuals and collected data on the hours per week spent watching cable television and hours per week spent listening to the radio. a. Use a .05 level if significance and test for a difference between the population mean usage for cable television and radio. What is the p-value? b. What is the sample number of hours per week spent watching cable television? What is the sample mean number of hours per week spent listening to radio? Which medium has the greater usage?

Answer

Individual Television Radio d 22 25 -3 1 8 10 -2 2 25 29 -4 3 22 19 3 4 12 13 -1 5 26 28 -2 6 22 23 -1 7 19 21 -2 8 21 21 0 9 23 23 0 10 14 15 -1 11 14 18 -4 12 14 17 -3 13 16 15 1 14 24 23 1 15 18.8 20 -1.2 Mean 5.2306787 5.240865 1.9044 SD a). The null hypothesis tested is H0: There is no significant difference between the population mean usage for cable television and radio H1: There is significant difference between the population mean usage for cable television and radio Test Statistic used is d t= n , where d mean of difference, S the SD of the difference , n sample size s Rejection criteria : Reject the null hypothesis, if the calculated value of t is greater than the critical value of t . Details Test Statistics t = -2.3577

Critical value of t = 2.1448 P value = 0.0335 Conclusion. Reject the null hypothesis. The sample provides enough evidence to support the claim

b). Sample mean number of hours per week Television Radio 18.8 20 5.2306787 5.240865

Mean SD

Since mean value of Radio is high, we conclude that Radio has greater usage.