duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) This print-out should have 89 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A truck travels up a hill with a 13 incline. The truck has a constant speed of 17 m/s. What is the horizontal component of the trucks velocity? Correct answer: 16.5643 m/s. Explanation: Let : v = 17 m/s = 13 . and

in random directions and lengths starting at position (41 km, 41 km) , C

A D

17

/s
vy

How far from the starting point is the hiker after these four legs of the hike? All angles are measured in a counter-clockwise direction from the positive x-axis. Correct answer: 26.5623 km.

13 vx vx = v sin = (17 m/s) cos 13 = 16.5643 m/s . 002 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the vertical component of the trucks velocity? Correct answer: 3.82417 m/s. Explanation: vy = v sin = (17 m/s) sin 13 = 3.82417 m/s . 003 10.0 points A hiker makes four straight-line walks A B C D 27 km 33 km 25 km 23 km at at at at 277 75 164 234 ax ay bx by cx cy dx dy = (27 km) cos 277 = 3.29053 km , = (27 km) sin 277 = 26.7987 km , = (33 km) cos 75 = 8.54101 km , = (33 km) sin 75 = 31.8756 km , = (25 km) cos 164 = 24.0316 km , = (25 km) sin 164 = 6.8909 km , = (23 km) cos 234 = 13.519 km , = (23 km) sin 234 = 18.6074 km ,

Explanation:

Let :

(x0 , y0 ) = (41 km, 41 km) .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103)

15
151

m
37

A D E

7. 6

Find the magnitude of the third displacement. Correct answer: 13.7849 m. Explanation:

Scale: 10 km = Let : A a B B = 15 m , = 37 , = 7.6 m , = 151 .

and

x = ax + bx + cx + dx = 3.29053 km + (8.54101 km) + (24.0316 km) + (13.519 km) = 25.719 km and y = ay + by + cy + dy = 26.7987 km + (31.8756 km) + (6.8909 km) + (18.6074 km) = 6.63969 km ,

A
A

B
so the resultant is

E= =

(x)2 + (y)2 (25.719 km)2 + (6.63969 km)2

= 26.5623 km .

004 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A particle undergoes three displacements. The rst has a magnitude of 15 m and makes an angle of 37 with the positive x axis. The second has a magnitude of 7.6 m and makes an angle of 151 with the positive x axis. (see the gure below). After the third displacement the particle returns to its initial position.

A+ B +C = 0,

so

C = A B

Cx = Ax Bx = A cos A B cos b = (15 m) cos 37 (7.6 m) cos 151 = 5.33242 m and Cy = Ay Bx = A sin A B sin b

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) = (15 m) sin 37 (7.6 m) sin 151 = 12.7118 m , so the magnitude of C is C = =
2 2 Cx + Cy

Correct answer: 10.1385 m. Explanation:

Let :

(5.33242 m)2 + (12.7118 m)2

= 13.7849 m . 005 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Find the angle of the third displacement (measured from the positive x axis, with counterclockwise positive within the limits of 180 to +180 ). Correct answer: 112.757 . Explanation:

A = 11 m , = 81 , R = 9.8 m , = 139 .

and

The resultant is the diagonal of the parallelogram dened by the two displacements:

R
Cy Cx

tan C =

Cy C = arctan Cx 12.7118 m = arctan 5.33242 m = 112.757 .

R=A+B B =RB. The components of the second displacement B are Bx = Rx Ax = R cos A cos = (9.8 m) cos 139 (11 m) cos 81 = 9.11693 m and By = Ry Ax = R sin A sin = (9.8 m) sin 139 (11 m) sin 81 = 4.43519 m , so the magnitude of B is B = =
2 2 Bx + By

006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A particle undergoes two displacements, measured from the positive x-axis, with counterclockwise positive. The rst has a magnitude of 11 m and makes an angle of 81 with the positive x axis. The resultant displacement has a magnitude of 9.8 m directed at an angle of 139 from the positive x axis.

11 m

9.

139

81

(9.11693 m)2 + (4.43519 m)2

Find the magnitude of the second displacement.

= 10.1385 m .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) 007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points Find the angle of the second displacement (measured from the positive x axis, with counterclockwise positive and within the limits of 180 to +180 ). Correct answer: 154.058 . Explanation: By Bx By Bx 4.43519 m 9.11693 m Correct answer: 52.25 m/s. Explanation: Let : ay = 8.5 m/s2 and vyo = 3 m/s . vy = vyo + ay t = (3 m/s) + (8.5 m/s2 ) (6.5 s) = (52.25 m/s) .

tan =

= arctan = arctan

= 154.058 .

010 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points What is the magnitude of the displacement from the origin (x = 0 m, y = 0 m) after 6.5 s? Correct answer: 182.277 m.

008 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points A particle moves in the xy plane with constant acceleration. At time zero, the particle is at x = 1.5 m, y = 5.5 m, and has velocity vo = (5 m/s) + (3 m/s) . The acceleration 2 is given by a = (2 m/s ) + (8.5 m/s2 ) . What is the x component of velocity after 6.5 s? Correct answer: 18 m/s. Explanation: Let : ax = 2 m/s2 , vxo = 5 m/s , and t = 6.5 s .

Explanation: Let : do = (1.5 m, 5.5 m) , vo = (5 m/s, 3 m/s) , and a = (2 m/s2 , 8.5 m/s2 ) .

From the equation of motion, d = do + vo t + 1 2 at 2 = (1.5 m) + (5.5 m) + [(5 m/s) + (3 m/s) ] (6.5 s) 1 + (2 m/s2 ) + (8.5 m/s2 ) (6.5 s)2 2 = (76.25 m) + (165.562 m) , so |d| = = d2 + d2 x y (76.25 m)2 + (165.562 m)2

After 6.5 s, vx = vxo + ax t = (5 m/s) + (2 m/s2 ) (6.5 s) = (18 m/s) . 009 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points What is the y component of velocity after 6.5 s?

= 182.277 m . 011 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A particle has an initial horizontal velocity of 2.5 m/s and an initial upward velocity of

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) 4.7 m/s. It is then given a horizontal acceleration of 2.1 m/s2 and a downward acceleration of 1.8 m/s2 . What is its speed after 4.1 s? Correct answer: 11.4287 m/s. Explanation: Basic Concepts: The direction of the motion depends only on the horizontal and vertical components of the velocity at any moment. Solution: For the horizontal motion, vx = v0x + ax t = 2.5 m/s + 2.1 m/s2 (4.1 s) = 11.11 m/s For the vertical motion, vy = v0y ay t = arctan vy vx 2.68 m/s = arctan 11.11 m/s = 11.4287 m/s

The angle must be in degrees and a positive angle indicates upward motion while a negative angle indicates downward motion. 013 10.0 points Assume: A 78 g basketball is launched at an angle of 40.1 and a distance of 13.8 m from the basketball goal. The ball is released at the same height (ten feet) as the basketball goals height. A basketball player tries to make a long jump-shot as described above. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What speed must the player give the ball? Correct answer: 11.7151 m/s. Explanation: Basic concepts: Horizontally, voh = v cos vh = voh d = voh t

= 4.7 m/s 1.8 m/s2 (4.1 s) = 2.68 m/s

A resultant negative velocity vy would indicate downward motion. A right triangle is formed by the components, so v= =
2 vx 2 + vy

Vertically, vov = v sin 1 2 gt . 2 Solution: At the maximum range of the ball, vf v = vov , so, h = vov t vov = vov g t 2 vov = g t vov . t=2 g The maximum distance covered is d = voh t = 2 voh vov g vv = vov g t

(11.11 m/s)2 + (2.68 m/s)2

= 11.4287 m/s 012 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the direction of its velocity at this time with respect to the horizontal? Answer between 180 and +180 . Correct answer: 13.562 . Explanation: The vertical component vy is the side opposite the angle and the horizontal component vx is the side adjacent to the angle, so tan = vy vx

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) d= 2 v cos v sin g = g t2 + g t1 t2 1 = 1 2 1 g t1 g t1 t2 g t2 2 2 2

v 2 (2 sin cos ) v 2 sin(2 ) d= = . g g Thus the initial velocity is v= = dg sin[2 ] (13.8 m) (9.8 m/s2 ) sin[2 (40.1 )]

1 2 1 2 gt gt 2 1 2 2 1 = g t2 t2 1 2 2 1 = (32 ft/s2 ) (7.9 s)2 (0.55 s)2 2 = 993.72 ft .

= 11.7151 m/s . 014 10.0 points A golf ball is hit at ground level. The ball is observed to reach its maximum height above ground level 7.9 s after being hit. 0.55 s after reaching this maximum height, the ball is observed to barely clear a fence that is 636 ft from where it was hit. The acceleration of gravity is 32 ft/s2 . How high is the fence? Correct answer: 993.72 ft. Explanation: Basic Concepts: v = v0 + a t 1 s = s0 + v0 t + a t2 2 Solution The golf ball reaches its maximum height after t1 seconds, so vy = 0 = vy0 g t1 vy0 = g t1 The ball barely clears the fence after t = (t1 + t2 ) seconds, so h = v0y t 1 2 gt 2

Intuitive Reasoning: The time taken for the ball to rise from the ground to the top equals the time taken for the ball to fall from the top to the ground. So the maximum 1 height is at y = h = g t2 . After reaching the 2 1 height h, the amount of the subsequent fall in 1 the time interval t2 is h = g t2 . So the y2 2 1 coordinate at t = t1 +t2 is hh = h g t2 . 2 2 015 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A car is parked on a cli overlooking the ocean on an incline that makes an angle of 16 below the horizontal. The negligent driver leaves the car in neutral, and the emergency brakes are defective. The car rolls from rest down the incline with a constant acceleration of 2.7 m/s2 and travels 43 m to the edge of the cli. The cli is 34 m above the ocean. How long is the car in the air? The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 . Correct answer: 2.23925 s. Explanation: Let : = 16 , a = 2.7 m/s2 , d = 43 m , y = 34 m , and g = 9.81 m/s2 .

The car is allowed to accelerate at a rate of 2.7 m/s2 for a distance of 43 m, so

2 2 vb = vt + 2 a d vb = 2 a d

1 = (g t1 ) (t1 + t2 ) g (t1 + t2 )2 2 1 2 = g t1 + g t1 t2 g t2 + 2 t1 t2 + t2 1 2 2

2(2.7 m/s2 )(43 m) = 15.2381 m/s .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) The car leaves the cli at the same angle as the road, so vb,y = vb sin = (15.2381 m/s) sin(16 ) = 4.20019 m/s and

vb,x = vb cos = (15.2381 m/s) cos(16 ) = 14.6478 m/s . The vertical motion denes the time: 1 y = g t2 vb,y t 2 0 = g t2 + 2 vb,y t + 2 y t= = Since
2 vb,y 2 y g = (4.20019 m/s)2

017 10.0 points Two men decide to use their cars to pull a truck stuck in mud. They attach ropes and one pulls with a force of 699 N at an angle of 26 with respect to the direction in which the truck is headed, while the other car pulls with a force of 1186 N at an angle of 17 with respect to the same direction. N 699 26

17 1186 N
What is the net forward force exerted on the truck in the direction it is headed? Correct answer: 1762.43 N. Explanation:

2 vb,y vb,y +

2 4 vb,y 8 y g

2g
2 vb,y

2 y g

. Let : F1 F2 1 2 is = 699 N , = 1186 N , = 26 , and = 17 .

2(34 m)(9.81 m/s2 ) = 684.722 m2 /s2 ,

For the rst vehicle, the forward component F1f = F1 cos 1 = (699 N) cos 26 = 628.257 N . Similarly, for the second vehicle,

4.20019 m/s + 684.722 m2 /s2 t= 9.81 m/s2 = 2.23925 s . 016 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the cars position relative to the base of the cli when the car lands in the ocean? Correct answer: 32.8 m. Explanation: There is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, so x = vb,x t = (14.6478 m/s)(2.23925 s) = 32.8 m .

F2f = F2 cos 2 = (1186 N) cos 17 = 1134.18 N . Thus the net forward force on the truck is Ff = F1f + F2f = 628.257 N + 1134.18 N = 1762.43 N .

018

10.0 points

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) A 6.1 g bullet leaves the muzzle of a rie with a speed of 327.6 m/s. What constant force is exerted on the bullet while it is traveling down the 0.7 m length of the barrel of the rie? Correct answer: 467.616 N. Explanation: Average acceleration can be found from
2 2 vf = vo + 2 a

Explanation: Consider the free body diagram for the avalanche: 0 = Ff s co g M = N in gs Mg M Since the slope is essentially frictionless, the only force with a non-zero component parallel to the surface is the weight, hence
net Fx = m g sin

Since vo = 0, we have a= Thus F = ma = m v2 2 (6.1 g)(327.6 m/s)2 1 kg = 2 (0.7 m) 1000 g = 467.616 N . 019 10.0 points One of the great dangers to mountain climbers is an avalanche, in which a large mass of snow and ice breaks loose and goes on an essentially frictionless ride down a mountainside on a cushion of compressed air. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . v2 2

which gives us the downhill acceleration 1 net a= F = g sin = 5.67696 m/s2 . m x The avalance starts at zero initial speed. At the above acceleration, it would take time 2s = 12.0624 s . a to cover distance s = 413 m. t= 020 10.0 points Take the mass of the Earth to be 5.98 1024 kg. If the Earths gravitational force causes a falling 46 kg student to accelerate downward at 9.8 m/s2 , determine the upward acceleration of the Earth during the students fall. Correct answer: 7.53846 1023 m/s2 .

41

3m

a av

e ch an l = 0
35.4

Explanation: By Newtons third law, the force Fse exerted on the student by the earth is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force Fes exerted on the earth by the student. Thus Fes = Fse me ae = ms g ms g ae = me (46 kg)(9.8 m/s2 ) = 5.98 1024 kg = 7.53846 1023 m/s2

If you were on a 35.4 slope and an avalanche started 413 m up the slope, how much time would you have to get out of the way? Correct answer: 12.0624 s.

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) we have 021 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Consider the 659 N weight held by two cables shown below. The left-hand cable had tension T2 and makes an angle of 2 with the ceiling. The right-hand cable had tension 400 N and makes an angle of 35 with the ceiling. The right-hand cable makes an angle of 35 with the ceiling and has a tension of 400 N .

x x x Fnet = F1 F2 = 0 = F1 cos 1 F2 cos 2 = 0 (1) y y y Fnet = F1 + F2 Wg = 0 = F1 sin 1 + F2 sin 2 Wg = 0 (2)

Solution: Using Eqs. 1 and 2, we have

x F2 = F1 cos 1 = (400 N) cos 35 = 327.661 N , and

(1)

2
T2

35

40

0N

659 N a) What is the tension T2 in the left-hand cable slanted at an angle of 2 with respect to the wall? Correct answer: 540.27 N. Explanation: Observe the free-body diagram below.

y F2 = F3 F1 sin 1 = 659 N (400 N) sin 35 = 659 N 229.431 N = 429.569 N , so

(2)

F2 = =

y x (F2 )2 + (F2 )2

(327.661 N)2 + (429.569 N)2

= 540.27 N . 022 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points b) What is the angle 2 which the left-hand cable makes with respect to the ceiling? Correct answer: 52.6649 .

Note: The sum of the x- and y-components of F1 , F2 , and Wg are equal to zero. Given : Wg F1 1 2 = 659 N , = 400 N , = 35 , and = 90 .

Basic Concept: Vertically and Horizontally,

F2

F1

Wg

Explanation: Using Eq. 2, we have 2 = arctan

y F1 x F1 229.431 N = arctan 327.661 N = 52.6649 .

023 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A block with a mass of 4.1 kg is held in equilibrium on a frictionless incline of 33.0 by the horizontal force F , as shown. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103)

10

33 F

024 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the magnitude of the normal force?

4. 1

kg
33

Correct answer: 47.958 N. Explanation: Basic Concepts: Fy,net = Fn F sin Fg = 0 Fg = m g cos Solution:

What is the magnitude of F ? Correct answer: 26.1198 N. Explanation: Let : m = 4.1 kg , g = 9.81 m/s2 , = 33 .

and

Consider the free body diagram for the block

Fn = F sin + m g cos = (26.1198 N) sin 33 + (4.1 kg) (9.81 m/s2 ) cos 33 = 47.958 N .

m Basic Concepts:

sin m g g

os gc

025 10.0 points A mass of 2 kg lies on a frictionless table, pulled by another mass of 3.3 kg under the inuence of Earths gravity. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . 2 kg

Fx,net = F cos Fg = 0 Fg = m g sin = 0 Solution: Choose the coordinate axes with x along the incline and y perpendicular to the incline. In equilibrium, the acceleration is zero. Hence from Newtons second law in the x direction, Fx = F cos m g sin = 0 . Therefore F cos = m g sin m g sin F = cos (4.1 kg) (9.81 m/s2 ) sin 33 F = cos 33 = 26.1198 N .

3.3 kg What is the magnitude of the acceleration a of the two masses? Correct answer: 6.10189 m/s2 . Explanation:

Given : m1 = 2 kg and m2 = 3.3 kg .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) a m1 N m1 g T Basic Concept: Newtons Second Law T m2 m2 g a F =Ma

11

Solution: The acceleration of m1 is obtained from the equation

2 v 2 v0 = 2 a (s s0 )

Let the direction of acceleration as indicated in the gure be positive. The net force on the system is simply the weight of m2 . Fnet = m2 g = 32.34 N . From Newtons second law, Fnet = m2 g = (m1 + m2 ) a . Solving for a, m2 a= g m1 + m2 3.3 kg = 2 kg + 3.3 kg = 6.10189 m/s2 . 026 10.0 points Two blocks are arranged at the ends of a massless string as shown in the gure. The system starts from rest. When the 3.09 kg mass has fallen through 0.442 m, its downward speed is 1.35 m/s. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . a 4.54 kg

a=

2 v 2 v0 2h (1.35 m/s)2 (0 m/s)2 = 2 (0.442 m) = 2.06165 m/s2 .

Consider free body diagrams for the two masses N a T N m2 g m1 g T a

Because m1 and m2 are tied together with string, they have same the speed and the same acceleration, so the net force exerted on m2 is F2 = m2 a 3.09 kg The net force on m1 is m1 a = m1 g T , so that T = m1 g m1 a. Thus F2 = T fk , fk = T F2 = m1 g (m1 + m2 ) a = (3.09 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) (3.09 kg + 4.54 kg) (2.06165 m/s2 ) = 14.5516 N .

What is the frictional force between the 4.54 kg mass and the table? Correct answer: 14.5516 N. Explanation: Given : m1 m2 v0 v = 3.09 kg , = 4.54 kg , = 0 m/s , and = 1.35 m/s .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) (A considerable dierence) 027 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A car is traveling at 35.9 mi/h on a horizontal highway. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . If the coecient of friction between road and tires on a rainy day is 0.12, what is the minimum distance in which the car will stop? (1 mi = 1.609) Correct answer: 109.461 m. Explanation: Newtons second law in the direction of motion gives fk = k mg = ma Solving for a The acceleration a may be found from the following kinematics equation with vf = 0:
2 2 vf = v0 + 2ax 2 v0 (2) 2x Combining equations (1) and (2), we obtain

12

029 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A descent vehicle landing on the moon has a vertical velocity toward the surface of the moon of 29.9 m/s. At the same time, it has a horizontal velocity of 55.7 m/s. At what speed does the vehicle move along its descent path? Correct answer: 63.2179 m/s. Explanation: Let : vv = 29.9 m/s , vh = 55.7 m/s . vh vv v and

a = k g

(1)

a=
2 v0

The speeds act at right angles to each other, so v= =

2 2 vh + vv

2x or solving for x,

= k g

(55.7 m/s)2 + (29.9 m/s)2

x=

2 v0 2k g

= 63.2179 m/s .

Plugging in the appropriate values, xwet = (16.0453 = 109.461 m 2(0.12) (9.8 m/s2 ) m/s)2

030 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points At what angle with the vertical is its path? Correct answer: 61.7729 . Explanation: vh is the side opposite and vv is the side adjacent to the angle, so tan = vh vv vh vv = arctan 55.7 m/s 29.9 m/s

028 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the stopping distance when the surface is dry and dry = 0.631? Correct answer: 20.8167 m. Explanation: (16.0453 m/s)2 = 20.8167 m 2(0.631) (9.8 m/s2 )

= arctan xdry =

= 61.7729 .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) 031 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A child rides a toboggan down a hill that descends at an angle of 19.1 to the horizontal. The hill is 20.4 m long. What is the horizontal component of the childs displacement? Correct answer: 19.277 m. Explanation: Let : d = 20.4 m and = 19.1 . x
d
d

13

Let :

d = 31.8 m = 18.0 .

and

y x x = d cos = (31.8 m) cos 18 = 30.2436 m . y 034 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points How far does it move vertically?

x = d cos = (20.4 m) cos(19.1 ) = 19.277 m .

Correct answer: 9.82674 m. Explanation: y = d sin = (31.8 m) sin 18

032 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is the vertical component of the childs displacement? Correct answer: 6.67525 m. Explanation: y = d sin = (20.4 m) sin(19.1 ) = 6.67525 m . 033 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A roller coaster travels 31.8 m at an angle of 18.0 above the horizontal. How far does it move horizontally? Correct answer: 30.2436 m. Explanation:

= 9.82674 m . 035 0.0 points When the Sun is directly overhead, a hawk dives toward the ground at a speed of 4.92 m/s. If the direction of his motion is at an angle of 24.6 below the horizontal, calculate the speed of his shadow along the ground. Correct answer: 4.47344 m/s. Explanation: Let : v = 4.92 m/s = 24.6 . and

The velocity of the hawks shadow on the ground will be equal to the horizontal projection of the velocity of the hawk:

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Explanation: u = v cos = (4.92 m/s) cos 24.6 = 4.47344 m/s . Let : 036 0.0 points Bob heads out into a lake at an angle of 29 with respect to the shore. If his boat is capable of a speed of 2 m/s, how far from land will he be in 4 min and 39 s ? Correct answer: 270.524 m. Explanation: Let v be the rate at which the boat is moving away from the shore. = 12 and a = 4.4 m/s2 . ax
a

14

ay

ax = a cos = (4.4 m/s2 ) cos(12 ) = 4.30385 m/s2 .

2m
29

/s
v 038 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is the vertical component of the skiers acceleration? Correct answer: 0.914812 m/s2 . Explanation: ay = a sin = (4.4 m/s2 ) sin(12 ) = 0.914812 m/s2 . and 039 0.0 points Two airplanes leave an airport at the same time. The velocity of the rst airplane is 660 m/h at a heading of 56.5 . The velocity of the second is 570 m/h at a heading of 139 . How far apart are they after 2.2 h? Correct answer: 1790.39 m. Explanation:

Although the boats speed is vboat , it is moving away from the shore at less than this speed. The boats speed vboat is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with v the side opposite the angle , so sin = v vboat v = vboat sin

(d = v t = vboat sin ) t = (2 m/s)(sin 29 )(279 s) = 270.524 m . 037 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A skier squats low and races down a 12 ski slope. During a 7 s interval, the skier accelerates at 4.4 m/s2 . What is the horizontal component of the skiers acceleration (perpendicular to the direction of free fall)? Correct answer: 4.30385 m/s .
2

Let :

v1 1 v2 2

= 660 m/h , = 56.5 , = 570 m/h , = 139 .

and

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Under constant velocity, the displacement for each plane in the time t is d = v t. These displacements form two sides of a triangle with the angle = 2 1 = 82.5 between them. The law of cosines applies for SAS, so the distance between the planes is d= Since 2 d1 d2 cos = 2 (1452 m) (1254 m) cos 82.5 = 4.75324 105 m2 , then d = (1452 m)2 + (1254 m)2 4.75324 105 m2 = 1790.39 m . 040 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A car travels 11.8 km due north and then 28.7 km in a direction = 71.7 west of north.
N W S y B R A x E
1/2

15

Let :

A = 11.8 km , B = 28.7 km , = 71.7 .

and

= 180 = 180 71.7 = 108.3 , applying the Law of Cosines, R2 = A2 + B 2 2 A B cos . Since 2AB cos = 2 (11.8 km)(28.7 km) cos 108.3 = 212.674 km2 , then R= (11.8 km)2 + (28.7 km)2 + 212.674 km2

d2 + d2 2 d1 d2 cos . 1 2

= 34.2871 km . 041 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points Calculate the direction of the cars resultant displacement, measured counterclockwise from the northerly direction. Correct answer: 52.6285 . Explanation: Applying the Law of Sines, sin sin = B R B 28.7 km sin = sin = sin 108.3 R 34.2871 km = 0.794716 = arcsin 0.794716 = 52.6285 . 042 0.0 points A person walks 33 m East and then walks 37 m at an angle 45 North of East. What is the magnitude of the total displacement? Correct answer: 64.6897 m. Explanation:

Find the magnitude of the cars resultant displacement. Correct answer: 34.2871 km. Explanation:

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103)

16

Let :

Ra = 33 m , Rb = 37 m , = 45 .

and

The total displacement is the vector sum of the two displacements, so Rx = Ra + Rb cos = 33 m + (37 m) cos 45 = 59.163 m and Ry = Rb sin = (37 m) sin 45 = 26.1629 m . The nal displacement is R= =
2 2 Rx + Ry

044 0.0 points Vector A has a magnitude of 12 and points in the positive x-direction. Vector B has a magnitude of 17 and makes an angle of 29 with the positive x-axis. What is the magnitude of A B? Correct answer: 8.72669. Explanation: B B AB

(59.163 m)2 + (26.1629 m)2 is

= 64.6897 m . 043 0.0 points Three vectors A, B, and C have the following x and y components: Ax = 2.3, Ay = 3.7; Bx = 3.4, By = 1.9; Cx = 1.6, Cy = 7.3. What is the magnitude of A + B + C ? Correct answer: 5.52268. Explanation: Given : A = (2.3, 3.7) ,

A The component of vector B along the x-axis

Bx = B cos = 17 cos 29 = 14.8685 and the component along the y-axis is By = B sin = 17 sin 29 = 8.24176 . Vector A points in the x-direction, so it has no component along y-axis, so (A B)x = Ax Bx = 12 14.8685 = 2.86854 ,

A AB

B = (3.4, 1.9) , C = (1.6, 7.3) .

and

Let D = A + B + C. The x component o f D is Dx = Ax +Bx +Cx = 2.3+(3.4) +1.6 = 0.5 and the y component of D is Dy = Ay + By + Cy = 3.7 + 1.9 + 7.3 = 5.5 . Thus the magnitude of A + B + C is given by D= =
2 2 Dx + Dy

(A B)y = Ay By = 0 8.24176 = 8.24176 ,

and

AB =

(2.86854)2 + (8.24176)2

= 8.72669 .

0.52 + 5.52

= 5.52268 .

045 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A particle has r(0) = (4 m) and v(0) = (2 m/s).

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) If its acceleration is constant and given by a = (2 m/s2 ) ( +), at what time t does the particle rst cross the x axis? Correct answer: 2 s. Explanation: r(t) = r(0) + v(0) t + 1 2 at , 2 so

17

047 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A particle travels horizontally between two parallel walls separated by 18.4 m. It moves toward the opposing wall at a constant rate of 7.4 m/s. Also, it has an acceleration in the direction parallel to the walls of 3.9 m/s2 .

r(t) = (4 m) + (2 m/s) t +(1 m/s ) ( + ) t = [(2 m/s) t (1 m/s2 ) t2 ] r(t) will not have a y component when 4 m (1 m/s2 ) t2 = 0 (1 m/s2 ) t2 = 4 m t= 2s . 046 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points At what time t is the particle moving parallel to the y axis; that is, in the direction? Correct answer: 1 s. Explanation: r(t) = r(0) + v(0) t + v(t) = 1 2 at 2 so
2 2

3.9 m/s2

+[4 m (1 m/s2 ) t2 ]

7.4 m/s 18.4 m What will be its speed when it hits the opposing wall? Correct answer: 12.1983 m/s. Explanation:

Let :

d = 18.4 m , vx = 7.4 m/s , a = 3.9 m/s2 . vx vy

vf
a y d

dr = v(0) + a t , dt

v(t) = (2 m/s) (2 m/s2 ) ( + ) t = [(2 m/s) (2 m/s2 ) t] (2 m/s2 ) t

v(t) will not have an x component when 2 m/s (2 m/s2 ) t = 0

The horizontal motion will carry the particle to the opposite wall, so d = vx tf 18.4 m d = = 2.48649 s tf = vx 7.4 m/s

t= 1s .

At this time v(t) = (2 m/s) parallel to the y-axis.

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) is the time for the particle to reach the opposite wall. Horizontally, the particle reaches the maximum parallel distance when it hits the oppod site wall at the time of t = , so the nal vx parallel velocity vy is ad (3.9 m/s2 ) (18.4 m) = vx 7.4 m/s = 9.6973 m/s . Correct answer: 0.585176 s. Explanation:

18

Let :

vy0 = 6.5 m/s , g = 9.8 m/s2 , vx0 = 0 , and a = 1.8 m/s2 , = 36 .

vy = a t =

and

The velocities act at right angles to each other, so the resultant velocity is vf = =
2 2 vx + vy

vyt

vt 36 vxt

(7.4 m/s)2 + (9.6973 m/s)2

= 12.1983 m/s . 048 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points At what angle with the wall will the particle strike? Correct answer: 37.3472 . Explanation: When the particle strikes the wall, the vertical component is the side adjacent and the horizontal component is the side opposite the angle, so tan = vx vy

The vertical velocity is vyt = vy0 g t and the horizontal velocity is vxt = vy0 + a t = a t . The vertical component is the opposite side and the horizontal component the adjacent side to the angle, so vyt vy g t = 0 vxt at a t tan = vy0 g t a t tan + g t = vy0 tan = vy0 a tan + g (1.8 m/s2 ) 6.5 m/s tan(36 ) + 9.8 m/s2

= arctan

vx vy 7.4 m/s = arctan 9.6973 m/s

t= = 37.3472 . =

049 0.0 points Initially (at time t = 0) a particle is moving vertically at 6.5 m/s and horizontally at 0 m/s. Its horizontal acceleration is 1.8 m/s2 . At what time will the particle be traveling at 36 with respect to the horizontal? The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

= 0.585176 s .

050 0.0 points A cannon res a 0.499 kg shell with initial velocity vi = 9.5 m/s in the direction = 50 above the horizontal.

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103)

19

shell. It is a simple function of the ight time t. g t2 2 (9.8 m/s2 ) (0.343 s)2 = 2 = 0.57648 m .

h
9. 5m /s

h =

50

x The shells trajectory curves downward because of gravity, so at the time t = 0.343 s the shell is below the straight line by some vertical distance h. Find this distance h in the absence of air resistance. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 0.57648 m. Explanation: In the absence of gravity, the shell would y along the straight line at constant velocity: x = t vi cos , y = t vi sin . The gravity does not aect the x coordinate of the shell, but it does pull its y coordinate downware at a constant acceleration ay = g, so x = t vi cos , y = t vi sin g t2 . 2

051 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points During World War I, the Germans had a gun called Big Bertha that was used to shell Paris. The shell had an initial speed of 1.47 km/s at an initial inclination of 65.1 to the horizontal. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . How far away did the shell hit? Correct answer: 168.417 km. Explanation: The range R is given by R=
2 v0 sin(2 0 ) g (1470 m/s)2 sin 130.2 = 2 9.8 m/s = 168.417 km .

052 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points How long was it in the air? Correct answer: 272.113 s. Explanation: The time in the air is t= = R v0x

1 Thus, x = x but y = y gt2 ; in other words, 2 the shell deviates from the straight-line path by the vertical distance h = y y = g t2 . 2

R v0 cos 0 1.68417 105 m = (1470 m/s) cos 65.1 = 272.113 s . 053 0.0 points A 1.8 tall basketball player attempts a goal 13.1 from the basket that is 3.05 high.

Note: This result is completely independent of the initial velocity vi or angle of the

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) x vi cos g (x)2 = x tan 2 2 vi cos2 g (x)2 = x tan y 2 2 vi cos2 13.1 m If he shoots the ball at a 41 angle, at what initial speed must he throw the basketball so that it goes through the hoop without striking the backboard? The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 . Correct answer: 12.0737 m/s. Explanation: Let : x = 13.1 m , = 41 , and g = 9.81 m/s2 . vi = Since x tan y = (13.1 m) tan 41 1.25 m = 10.1377 m , then g (x)2 2 (cos )2 (x tan y) 1 g 2
2

20

v0

41 3.05 m

1.8 m

vi = =

g (x)2 2 cos2 (x tan y) (9.81 m/s2 ) (13.1 m)2 2 cos2 41 (10.1377 m)

y = 3.05 m 1.8 m = 1.25 m .

= 12.0737 m/s . 054 0.0 points To win the game, a place kicker must kick a football from a point 15 m (16.404 yd) from the goal, and the ball must clear the crossbar, which is 3.05 m high. When kicked, the ball leaves the ground with a speed of 14 m/s at an angle of 56.9 from the horizontal. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . By how much vertical distance does the ball clear the crossbar? Correct answer: 1.0985 m. Explanation: First, compute the components of the initial velocity.

1.8 m

13.1 m The horizontal motion denes the time: x = vi cos t x . t = vi cos Then vertically, 1 g (t)2 2 x vi cos

y = vi sin t y = vi sin

3.05 m

vx = v cos = (14 m/s) cos 56.9 = 7.64542 m/s ,

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) vy = v sin = (14 m/s) sin 56.9 = 11.7281 m/s . We can nd the time required for the ball to reach the position of the crossbar from x = vx t as t= = x vx

21

Let :

F1 + F2 = 327 N and F1 F2 = 130 N .

Solve the simultaneous equations: F1 + F2 = 327 N F1 + F2 = 130 N 2 F2 = 457 N 457 N F2 = = 228.5 N . 2 056 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is the magnitude of the smaller of the individual forces? Correct answer: 98.5 N. Explanation: F1 = 327 N F2

15 m 7.64542 m/s = 1.96196 s .

At this time the height of the football above the ground is y = vy t 1 2 gt 2 = (11.7281 m/s)(1.96196 s) 1 (9.8 m/s2 )(1.96196 s)2 2 = 4.1485 m .

= 327 N 228.5 N = 98.5 N .

Thus, the ball clears the crossbar by y = 4.1485 m 3.05 m = 1.0985 m . 055 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points Two lifeguards pull on ropes attached to a raft. If they pull in the same direction, the raft experiences a net external force of 327 N to the right. If they pull in opposite directions, the raft experiences a net external force of 130 N to the left. Draw a free body diagram for each situation and nd the magnitude of the larger of the two individual forces. Correct answer: 228.5 N. Explanation: Fnet = F1 + F2 ; the larger force F2 must be applied to the left in the second situation. F1 F2 F2 F1 g mg T aelevator 057 0.0 points An elevator starts from rest with a constant upward acceleration and moves 1 m in the rst 1.7 s. A passenger in the elevator is holding a 3.7 kg bundle at the end of a vertical cord. What is the tension in the cord as the elevator accelerates? The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Correct answer: 38.8206 N. Explanation: h = 1 m, t = 1.7 s , m = 3.7 kg ,

andg = 9.8 m/s2 .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Let h be the distance traveled and a the acceleration of the elevator. Since the initial velocity is zero, h = v0 t + a= 1 2 1 2 at = at 2 2

22

2h . t2 The equation describing the forces acting on the bundle is Fnet = m a = T m g

059 0.0 points A 2.8 kg particle starts from rest and moves a distance of 3 m in 2.4 s under the action of a single, constant force. Find the magnitude of the force. Correct answer: 2.91667 N. Explanation: Basic Concept: vf = vi + a t
2 2 vf = vi + 2 a x

2h T = m (g + a) = m g + 2 t 2 (1 m) = (3.7 kg) 9.8 m/s2 + (1.7 s)2 = 38.8206 N .

Solution: Since vi = 0, vf 2 = 2 a x a 2 t2 = 2 a x a 2 t2 2 a x = 0 a(a t2 2 x) = 0 2x a= 2 t The solution a = 0 must be ignored. From Newtons second law, the force on the particle is F = ma 2mx = 2 t 2 (2.8 kg) (3 m) = 2.4 s2 = 2.91667 N

058 0.0 points A 6.1 kg block initially at rest is pulled to the right along a horizontal, frictionless surface by a constant, horizontal force of 15.8 N. Find the speed of the block after it has moved 4.5 m. Correct answer: 4.8282 m/s. Explanation: Let : m = 6.1 kg , F = 15.8 N , x = 4.5 m .

and

The acceleration of the block is F 15.8 N a= = m 6.1 kg = 2.59016 m/s2 . Since the force is constant, the acceleration is constant. We nd the nal speed of the block using the equation vf = =
2 v0 + 2 a (xf x0 )

060 0.0 points A 2.1 kg otter starts from rest at the top of a muddy incline 96.7 cm long and slides down to the bottom in 0.40 s. What net external force acts on the otter along the incline? Correct answer: 25.3837 N. Explanation:

2 (2.59016 m/s2 ) (4.5 m)

= 4.8282 m/s .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Basic Concepts: Fnet = F = m a 1 x = a(t)2 2 since vi = 0 m/s. Given: m = 2.1 kg x = 96.7 cm = 0.97 m t = 0.40 s Solution: a= 2x (t)2 2(0.967 m) = (0.4 s)2 = 12.0875 m/s2 Solution: FT = ma + Fg = ma + mg = (4.5 kg) 3.6 m/s2 + (4.5 kg) 9.81 m/s2 = 60.345 N upward.

23

062 (part 1 of 3) 0.0 points A 3 kg object is subjected to two forces, F1 = (1.8 N) + (1.6 N) and F2 = (4.7 N) + (11.6 N) . The object is at rest at the origin at time t = 0. What is the magnitude of the objects acceleration? Correct answer: 4.90453 m/s2 . Explanation:

down the incline, so Fnet = (2.1 kg) 12.0875 m/s2 = 25.3837 N down the incline. 061 0.0 points A 4.5 kg bucket of water is raised from a well by a rope. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 . If the upward acceleration of the bucket is 3.6 m/s2 , nd the force exerted by the rope on the bucket of water. Correct answer: 60.345 N. Explanation: FT Fg Note: Figure is not drawn to scale. Basic Concept: Fnet = ma = FT Fg Given: m = 4.5 kg a = 3.6 m/s2 g = 9.81 m/s2 3.6 m/s2

Let :

F1 = (1.8 N) + (1.6 N) , F2 = (4.7 N) + (11.6 N) , vo = 0 m/s . and

Fnet = m a = F1 + F2 , so a= Fnet m F1 + F2 = m (1.8 N + 4.7 N) + (1.6 N + (11.6 N)) = 3 kg 2 = 2.16667 m/s + 4.4 m/s2 .
2 2

a =

(2.16667 m/s2 ) + (4.4 m/s2 )

= 4.90453 m/s2 .

063 (part 2 of 3) 0.0 points What is the magnitude of the velocity at t = 3.2 s ?

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Correct answer: 15.6945 m/s. Explanation: Let : v = vo + a t = a t = 2.16667 m/s
2

24

Explanation: Basic Concepts: F = ma

t = 3.2 s .

Solution: Since W = m g, + 4.4 m/s

2

W = mg

(3.2 s)

= (6.93333 m/s) + (14.08 m/s) .

2 2

Fnet = ma = W f f = W ma =W 1

a g

|v| =

(6.93333 m/s) + (14.08 m/s)

= 15.6945 m/s . 064 (part 3 of 3) 0.0 points What is the magnitude of the objects position at t = 3.2 s ? Correct answer: 25.1112 m. Explanation: vavg = v vo + v = 2 2

2.7 m/s2 = (0.9 kN) 1 9.8 m/s2 = 0.652041 kN . 066 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A child holds a sled on a frictionless, snowcovered hill, inclined at an angle of 31 .
F
76 N

31

r = vavg t 1 = vt 2 1 = (6.93333 m/s) + (14.08 m/s) (3.2 s) 2 = (11.0933 m) + (22.528 m) . (11.0933 m)2 + (22.528 m)2

If the sled weighs 76 N, nd the force exerted on the rope by the child. Correct answer: 39.1429 N. Explanation: Given : W = 76 N = 31 . and

|r| =

= 25.1112 m . 065 0.0 points A person weighing 0.9 kN rides in an elevator that has a downward acceleration of 2.7 m/s2 . The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What is the magnitude of the force of the elevator oor on the person? Correct answer: 0.652041 kN.

Consider the free body diagram for the block F

os gc

i gs

n
W

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Basic Concepts: If we tilt our world, and consider the forces parallel to the hill, Fnet = Fup Fdown = 0

25

a) What is the tension in the cable slanted at an angle of 50 ? Correct answer: 62.6595 N. Explanation: Observe the free-body diagram below.

then the forces perpendicular to the hill, Fnet = Fout Fin = 0

Solution: Consider the free body diagram for the sled: The weight of the sled has components W sin acting down the hill and W cos acting straight into the hill. The system is in equilibrium, so for forces parallel to the hill, Fnet = T W sin = 0 = T = W sin = (76 N) sin 31 = 39.1429 N 067 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What force is exerted on the sled by the hill? Correct answer: 65.1447 N. Explanation: For forces perpendicular to the hill, Fnet = N W cos = 0 = N = W cos = (76 N) cos 31 = 65.1447 N 068 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points Consider the 48 N weight held by two cables shown below. The left-hand cable is horizontal.

48 N

62

.6
50
40.2768 N

40.2768 N

Scale: 10 N Note: The sum of the x- and y-components of T1 , T2 , and Wg are equal to zero. Given : Wg = 48 N and = 50 . Basic Concept: Vertically, we have Fy,net = F1 sin Wg = 0 Solution: F1 (sin ) = Wg Wg F1 = sin 48 N = sin 50 = 62.6595 N

50

48 N

48 N

59

5N

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) 069 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points b) What is the tension in the horizontal cable? Correct answer: 40.2768 N. Explanation: Basic Concept: Horizontally, Fx,net = F1 cos F2 = 0 Solution: F2 = F1 cos Wg cos = sin (48 N) cos 50 = sin 50 = 40.2768 N

26

Consider the free body diagram. The green vectors are the components of the slanted forces.

F1

F3 The weight is is equilibrium, so Fx = F1x + F2x + F3x = 0 F1x = F2 cos 2 0 = (5.1 N) cos 57 = 2.77766 N and Fy = F1y + F2y + F3y = 0

070 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points The 5.6 N weight is in equilibrium under the inuence of the three forces acting on it. The F force acts from above on the left at an angle of with the horizontal. The 5.1 N force acts from above on the right at an angle of 57 with the horizontal. The force 5.6 N acts straight down.

F1y = F2 sin 2 F3 = (5.1 N) sin 57 (5.6 N) = 1.32278 N , and

F1 = =

2 2 F1x + F1y

(2.77766 N)2 + (1.32278 N)2

5. 1

57

= 3.07655 N . 071 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is the angle of the force F as shown in the gure? Correct answer: 25.4648 . Explanation: F1y F1x 1.32278 N 2.77766 N

5.6 N What is the magnitude of the force F ? Correct answer: 3.07655 N. Explanation: Standard angular measurements are from the positive x-axis in a counter-clockwise direction. Let : F1 F2 2 F3 =F, = 5.1 N , = 57 , and = 5.6 N .

1 = arctan = 154.535

= arctan

measured from the positive x-axis, so = 180 1 = 180 154.535 = 25.4648 .

F2

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) 072 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points An object in equilibrium has three forces exerted on it. A(n) 25 N force acts at 71.6 , and a(n) 54 N force acts at 60.2 . What is the direction of the third force? (Consider all angles to be measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis.) Correct answer: 243.802. Explanation: Basic Concepts: Choose a coordinate system with the positive x-axis representing 0 and the positive y-axis representing 90 . Any force F has an x-component of Fx = F cos and a y-component of Fy = F sin where is measured from the x-axis. Solution: Since F1 and F2 act up and to the right, the force F must act down and to the left, so F lies in the third quadrant.
F1 1 ref F 2 F2

27

tan =

F1 sin 1 + F2 sin 2 F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 F1 cos 1 + F2 2 F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2

ref = arctan

Since the reference angle is in the third quadrant, and F1 sin 1 + F2 sin 2 = (25 N) sin 71.6 + (54 N) sin 60.2 = 70.5813 N and F2 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 = (25 N) cos 71.6 + (54 N) cos 60.2 = 34.7278 N , then

= 180 + ref = 180 + arctan = 78.6621 N 70.5813 N 34.7278 N

For vertical equilibrium, FyN et = Fup Fdown = 0 F1y + F2y Fy = 0 F1 sin 1 + F2 sin 2 F sin = 0 F sin ref = F1 sin 1 + F2 sin 2 For horizontal equilibrium, FxN et = Fright Flef t = 0 F1x + F2x Fx = 0 F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 F cos = 0 F cos ref = F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 Dividing (1) by (2), we have F1 sin 1 + F2 sin 2 F sin = F cos F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 (2) (1)

073 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is the magnitude of the third force? Correct answer: 78.6621 N. Explanation: From equation (1), F = F1 cos 1 + F2 cos 2 cos 2 (25 N) cos 71.6 + (54 N) cos 60.2 = cos 2 = 243.802

074 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points Your car is stuck in a mud hole. You are alone, but you have a long, strong rope. Having studied physics, you tie the rope tautly to a telephone pole and pull on it sideways at the midpoint, as shown.

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103)

28

392 N 3

27 m Find the force exerted by the rope on the car when the angle is 3 and you are pulling with a force of 392 N but the car does not move. Correct answer: 3.74504 kN. Explanation: Let : F = 392 N , = 3 , and = 27 m . Before the car starts moving, Fy = m ay , so 2 T sin F = 0 T = F 2 sin kN 392 N = 1000 N 2 sin 3 = 3.74504 kN .

076 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points On takeo, the combined action of the engines and wings of an airplane exerts a(n) 7210 N force on the plane, directed upward at an angle of 62.3 above the horizontal. The plane rises with constant velocity in the vertical direction while continuing to accelerate in the horizontal direction. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . What is the weight of the plane? Correct answer: 6383.69 N. Explanation: The plane moves with constant velocity in the vertical direction, so the sum of the vertical components of the forces equal zero. Wplane = F sin = (7210 N) sin 62.3 = 6383.69 N. 077 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is its horizontal acceleration a? Correct answer: 5.14511 m/s2 . Explanation: The mass of the plane is m= Wplane g

and the horizontal acceleration is 075 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points How strong must the rope be if it takes a force of 608 N to move the car when is 3.1 ? Correct answer: 5.62143 kN. Explanation: Let : T = = 3.1 . = = a= = Fx m F cos
Wplane g

F 2 sin kN 608 N = 2 sin 3.1 1000 N = 5.62143 kN .

(7210 N) (9.8 m/s2 ) cos 62.3 6383.69 N = 5.14511 m/s2 .

F g cos Wplane

078 (part 1 of 3) 0.0 points Three masses are connected by light strings as shown in the gure.

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) so a= m1 + m2 + m3 g m1 + m2 + m3 1.7 kg + 4.26 kg + 2.08 kg = 1.7 kg + 4.26 kg + 2.08 kg (9.8 m/s2 )

29

m2 m1 m3 The string connecting the m1 and the m2 passes over a light frictionless pulley. Given m1 = 1.7 kg, m2 = 4.26 kg, m3 = 2.08 kg, and g = 9.8 m/s2 . The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . Find the downward acceleration of m2 mass. Correct answer: 5.65572 m/s2 . Explanation: Consider the free body diagrams:

= 5.65572 m/s2 .

079 (part 2 of 3) 0.0 points Find the tension in the string connecting the m1 and the m2 masses. Correct answer: 26.2747 N. Explanation: From equation (1), T1 = m1 (a + g) = (1.7 kg) 5.65572 m/s2 + 9.8 m/s2 = 26.2747 N . 080 (part 3 of 3) 0.0 points Find the tension in the string connecting the m2 and the m3 masses. Correct answer: 8.6201 N.

T1 a T2 a m3 m2 m1 T1 a

Explanation: From equation (3), T2 = m3 (g a) = (2.08 kg) 9.8 m/s2 5.65572 m/s2 = 8.6201 N . 081 0.0 points At a instant when a 5.7 kg object has an acceleration equal to a = (ax + ay ), where 2 2 ax = 6.8 m/s , ay = 1.2 m/s , one of the two forces acting on the object is known to be f1 = (f1x + f1y ), where f1x = 19 N, f1y = 26 N. Determine the magnitude f2 of the other force acting on the object. Correct answer: 27.5239 N.

Applying Newtons second law to each of these masses we get

m1 a = T1 m1 g m2 a = T2 + m2 g T1 m3 a = m3 g T2 Adding these equations yields

(1) (2) (3)

Explanation: Basic Concept: F = ma

(m1 + m2 + m3 ) a = (m1 + m2 + m3 ) g ,

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Solution: Fnet = ma = max + may f1 + f2 = Fnet , so f2 = Fnet f1 = (max f1x ) + (may f1y ) Thus the magnitude of f2 is Let : m1 = 2 kg , m2 = 4 kg , m3 = 4 kg , = 0.13 .

30

and

Basic Concepts: The acceleration a of each mass is the same, but the tensions in the two strings will be dierent. Fnet = m a = 0
2

f2 =

(max f1x ) + (max f1y )

Solution: Let T1 be the tension in the left string and T2 be the tension in the right string. Consider the free body diagrams for each mass a T1 T1 m1 g N m2 g N a T2 m3 g T2 a

082 0.0 points There is friction between the block and the table. The suspended 2 kg mass on the left is moving up, the 4 kg mass slides to the right on the table, and the suspended mass 4 kg on the right is moving down. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . 4 kg = 0.13

For the mass m1 , T1 acts up and the weight m1 g acts down, with the acceleration a directed upward, so For the mass on the table, a is directed to the right, T2 acts to the right, T1 acts to the left, and the motion is to the right so that the frictional force m2 g acts to the left and For the mass m3 , T2 acts up and the weight m3 g acts down, with the acceleration a directed downward, so Adding these equations yields Fnet3 = m3 a = m3 g T2 . (3) Fnet2 = m2 a = T2 T1 m2 g . (2) Fnet1 = m1 a = T1 m1 g . (1)

2 kg

4 kg

What is the magnitude of the acceleration of the system? Correct answer: 1.4504 m/s2 . Explanation: a m2

(m1 + m2 + m3 ) a = m3 g m2 g m1 g a= m3 m2 m1 g m1 + m2 + m3 4 kg (0.13) (4 kg) 2 kg = 2 kg + 4 kg + 4 kg (9.8 m/s2 ) = 1.4504 m/s2 .

m1

m3

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) 083 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points A block weighing 9.3 N requires a force of 3.9 N to push it along at constant velocity. What is the coecient of friction for the surface? Correct answer: 0.419355. Explanation: Constant velocity implies the system is in equilibrium. Thus Fright = Flef t The force necessary to overcome friction is F = N . Friction always opposes the motion, and acts in the opposite direction of the motion. Consider the free body diagram: W= f1 W1 4.7 N (9.3 N)(0.419355) = 0.419355 = 1.90769 N .

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085 (part 1 of 2) 0.0 points Two blocks are arranged at the ends of a massless cord over a frictionless massless pulley as shown in the gure. Assume the system starts from rest. When the masses have moved a distance of 0.36 m, their speed is 1.33 m/s. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 . 4.2 kg

f W1

W1

2.7 kg What is the coecient of friction between m2 and the table? Correct answer: 0.231002. Explanation: Given : m1 = 2.7 kg , m2 = 4.2 kg , s = 0.36 m , v0 = 0 m/s .

The normal force is W1 , so f W1 = 0 3.9 N f = = 0.419355 . = W1 9.3 N 084 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points A weight W is now placed on the block and 4.7 N is needed to push them both at constant velocity. What is the weight W of the block? Correct answer: 1.90769 N. Explanation: Consider the free body diagram:

and

Basic Concept: Newtons Second Law F =Ma Solution: The acceleration of m1 is obtained from the equation
2 v 2 v0 = 2 a (s s0 ) 2 v 2 v0 a= 2h (1.33 m/s)2 (0 m/s)2 = 2 (0.36 m) = 2.45681 m/s2 .

W f1 1N
The normal force is W1 + W, so Fnet = f1 (W1 + W) = 0 f1 = W1 + W

W1

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) Consider free body diagrams for the two masses a m2 m2 g N which leads to F1y : F2x : F2y : m2 g T T m1 m1 g a

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or, using Eq. 2 and from Part 1, the tension T is T = m2 [a + g] = (4.2 kg) [(2.45681 m/s2 ) + (0.231002) (9.8 m/s2 )] = 19.8266 N . Since the T is the same using Eqs. 1 & 2: Part 1, = 0.231002, is veried.

m1 a = m1 g T m2 a = T fk N = m2 g ,

(1) (2) (3) 087 0.0 points A 33 kg box rests on the back of a truck. The coecient of static friction between the box and the truck bed is 0.351. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 . What maximum acceleration can the truck have before the box slides backward? Correct answer: 3.44331 m/s2 . Explanation: Basic Concept: Fs,max = matruck,max = s mg Given: m = 33 kg s = 0.351 g = 9.81 m/s2 Solution: If Fs,max > ma, then the box stays in place, but if Fs,max < ma, then the box will slide to the back of the truck bed. Thus matruck,max = s mg atruck,max = s g = (0.351) 9.81 m/s2 = 3.44331 m/s2 forward. 088 0.0 points A girl coasts down a hill on a sled, reaching level ground at the bottom with a speed of 6.6 m/s. The coecient of kinetic friction between the sleds runners and the hard, icy

where T is the tension in the cord and from Eq. 3, fk N = m2 g. Because m1 and m2 are tied together with a cord, they have same the speed and the same acceleration. Adding Eqs. 1 & 2 we have (m1 + m2 ) a = m1 g fk = m1 g m2 g so that m2 g = m1 g (m1 + m2 ) a . Thus = m1 (m1 + m2 ) a m2 m2 g 2.7 kg 2.7 kg + 4.2 kg = 4.2 kg 4.2 kg 2.45681 m/s2 9.8 m/s2 = 0.231002 .

086 (part 2 of 2) 0.0 points What is the magnitude of the tension in the cord? Correct answer: 19.8266 N. Explanation: Using Eq. 1 the tension T is T = m1 (g a) = (2.7 kg) (9.8 m/s2 2.45681 m/s2 ) = 19.8266 N

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) snow is 0.060, and the girl and sled together weigh 768 N. The acceleration of gravity is 9.81 m/s2 . How far does the sled travel on the level ground before coming to a rest? Correct answer: 37.0031 m.

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089 0.0 points The coecient of static friction between the 4.41 kg crate and the 35.4 incline is 0.287. The acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s2 .

Explanation: vi = 6.6 m/s Fk 768 N

1 4. 4
k = 0.06 Fn

kg k
35.4

Note: Figure is not drawn to scale. Basic Concepts: Fk = k Fn Fx,net = max = Fk 0= since vf = 0 m/s.
2 vi

What minimum force F must be applied to the crate perpendicular to the incline to prevent the crate from sliding down the incline? Correct answer: 52.0031 N. Explanation: Given : m = 4.41 kg , w = m g = (4.41 kg) (9.8 m/s2 ) = 43.218 N , = 35.4 , and s = 0.287 .

+ 2ax

Given :

vi = 6.6 m/s , k = 0.060 , Fn = Fg = 768 N , g = 9.81 m/s .

2

and

Solution: m= Fg 768 N = = 78.2875 kg g 9.81 m/s2 k Fn m 0.06(768 N) = 78.2875 kg = 0.5886 m/s2

Consider the free body diagram for the block

F

ax =

in gs

mg

s N g co m =

Vertically, Fy = n Wy F = 0 so the normal force is

2 vi x = 2ax

(6.6 2 (0.5886 m/s2 )

m/s)2

n = Wy + F = m g cos + F Horizontally, Fx = m g sin fs = 0 ,

= 37.0031 m .

duong (ktd359) Homework 3 Spurlock (44103) so the force of static friction is fs = m g sin . But fs s N = s (m g cos + F ) m g sin s m g cos + s F Thus F m g sin m g cos s (4.41 kg) 9.8 m/s2 sin 35.4 = 0.287 (4.41 kg) 9.8 m/s2 cos 35.4

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= 52.0031 N .