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As the New Year rings in, we interview Fan Qingfeng,
executive vice president of ZTE Corporation. Fan Qingfeng
is responsible for global marketing and sales and shares his
views on the prospects of wireless technologies, engineering
services, green revolution, and customer services.
Tech Forum
LTE Business Model
In the foreseeable future, LTE business models may be found in
high-speed and high-bandwidth Internet services, mobile Internet
platforms, on-line wireless communities, and M2M communications.
Business Opportunities in TD-LTE
The abundant spectrum resources, technical advantages, and
flexible networking features of TD-LTE may translate into great
market opportunities. As the industry chain matures, TD-LTE has
promising commercial prospects.
LTE-A: Trailblazing Towards 4G
Solution
LTE Network Design and Deployment Strategy
The pace of LTE development has quickened, and people have high
expectations. However, it is a new technology and the whole industry
needs time to optimize networks and develop mature terminals.
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Editorial Board
Editor-in-Chief: Jiang Hua
Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Huang Xinming
Editorial Director: Zhao Lili
Executive Editor: Yue Lihua
Editor: Paul Sleswick
Circulation Manager: Wang Pingping
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ZTE Profile
ZTE is a leading global provider of
telecommunications equipment and network
solutions. It has the widest and most complete
product range in the worldcovering virtually
every sector of the wireline, wireless, service
and terminals markets. The company delivers
innovative, custom-made products and
services to over 500 operators in more than
140 countries, helping them achieve continued
revenue growth and shape the future of the
worlds communications.
Success Stories
CSL: LTE Creating Blue Ocean Opportunities
With a bit-cost advantage over 2G and 3G technologies,
LTE can greatly reduce network deployment costs and
increase an operators profit margin. For CSL, LTE is the
ultimate technology for implementing a blue ocean
strategy.
VoLTE Takes Of at Mobile Asia Congress 2010
Third Eye
Global IMS Market 2010
During 1H10, estimated 18.8 million IMS subscriber
lines were shipped for deployment in wireline networks
worldwide. Ericsson leads the market with 24% share
worldwide followed by ZTE with 22.3% and NSN with
18.9%.
News Brief
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Mr. Fan Qingfeng, executive vice president of ZTE corporation
By Zhao Lili
An lntervlew wlth Pan Qlngfeng, executlve vlce presldent of ZTL Corporatlon
D
ur i ng t he year 2010, cl oud
computing, M2M, LTE, mobile
I n t e r n e t , a n d t r i - n e t wo r k
convergence are in the spotlight. Although
some of these technologies are still in the
concept stage, they are attractive because
of t hei r pot ent i al t o bei ng enormous
communi cat i on benef i t s . Compl ex
businesses are underpinned by strong
networks and green networking is the most
practical way of dealing with difficulties
arising from decreasing resources. To
survive and develop, suppliers have to
improve their capabilities.
As the New Year rings in, we interview
Fan Qingfeng, executive vice president
of ZTE Corporation. Fan Qingfeng is
responsible for global marketing and sales
and shares his views on the prospects of
wireless technologies, engineering services,
green revolution, and customer services.
Reporter: LTE is now widely seen as the
evolution path for wireless networks. Could
you tell us about ZTEs progress on LTE
and its successful commercial cases?
Fan Qingfeng: Without question, LTE
will be the investment trend of the future.
ZTE is continually expanding investments
into LTE and its future evolution. We have
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
nearly 4000 R&D staff in Xian,
Nanjing, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Europe,
and America working on 4G. LTE
R&D accounts for 40% of our total
investments in the wireless sector. ZTE
has worked with global operators to
positively push LTE commercialization
and has deployed 12 LTE commercial
networks and 65 trial networks in
Europe, America, Asia Pacifc, and the
Middle East.
Our cooperation with Hong Kongs
CSL t o l aunch an LTE net wor k
was a great success. Hong Kongs
popul at i on dens i t y, s kys cr aper
forest, and clustered CBD make for
an extremely complicated wireless
environment. Constructing large-scale
wireless networks there is challenging.
However, with strong support from
CSL, and wi t h our engi neer i ng
experience and technological research
capabilities, we succeeded in deploying
the worlds first LTE/DC-HSPA+
commercial network. We are proud
of this accomplishment. Data traffic
in CSLs network has increased 65
fold, and now comprises 80% of total
network traffic. The network covers
50% of Hong Kongs population.
LTE/DC-HSPA+ is the best model
for accommodating both 3G and 4G
networks. This network will lead CSL
into a new era of mobile broadband
for business and entertainment and
will put Hong Kong at the forefront of
global telecommunications innovation.
It is a pacesetter in the industry in
terms of the complexity of the wireless
environment and technology of choice.
ZTE also leads in LTE innovation.
As of November 2010, ZTE held 235
essential patents for LTE, 7% share
of the total LTE essential patents
declared on the Intellectual Property
Ri ght s (IPR) onl i ne dat abase of
the European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (ETSI). This is quite
an achievement because it indicates
we now have more say i n t opi cs
concerning LTE.
We are also aware that LTE is never
a simple wireless network upgrade but
is revolutionary for user experience
and requires changes to be made to
terminal, access, bearer, core network,
and service applications. Operators are
concerned about whether equipment
vendor s can pr ovi de t ot al and
integrated solutions when constructing
an LTE network. With a flexible and
robust SDR platform, a series of access
and bearer products, the industry's
largest capacity core network platform,
and strong terminal customization
capabilities, ZTE is an ideal partner for
LTE construction. We have deployed
more than 100 SDR-based wireless
networks worldwide. Every one of
these networks supports evolution
to LTE. We are very confident that
our LTE products will maintain their
leading status well into the future.
R: As the global economy develops
and operators raise their expectations,
t el ecom engi neeri ng proj ect s are
becoming increasingly complicated.
More and more importance is being
placed on engineering services and
project delivery. How do you view
ZTEs capability in these areas? What
level is ZTE at in terms of worldwide
project delivery?
Fan: As the global telecom sector
gr ows, and mar ket compet i t i on
escalates, operators expect much more
from their equipment and service
suppliers. The range and content
of project delivery is changing. We
continue to expand our services from
equipment installation, debugging, and
maintenance at the earliest stage, to
full turnkey project delivery, managed
The technology
gap among equipment
suppliers is narrowing,
and engineering
services and project
delivery are an
increasingly important
area of differentiation.
Quality project delivery
can give an operator
the advantage of
quick entry into a
market while excellent
services allow an
operator effective
control over OPEX and
CAPEX.
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
services, and professional services.
Our professional services include
network planning and optimization,
maintenance and repair, communication
guarantee, and security consultation.
The technology gap among equipment
suppliers is narrowing, and engineering
services and project delivery are
an increasingly important area of
differentiation. Quality project delivery
can give an operator the advantage
of quick entry into a market while
excellent services allow an operator
effective control over OPEX and
CAPEX. These enhance profitability
and core compet i t i veness for an
operator and determine the success of
an operators brand.
ZTE is devoted to providing its
partners with fast, high quality end-
to-end project delivery. We offer
industry-leading custom-made turnkey
solutions, helping operators lower their
Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and
increase their Return On Investment
(ROI). To enhance logistics effciency,
we have bui l t a compl et e gl obal
logistics network with several cargo
transfer centres. This makes it possible
to deliver quick and agile services
in response to market fluctuations.
Currently, we have more than 10,000
experienced engineers and technicians,
over 1,600 Project Manager (PM)
experts, and over 3,000 contracted
partners around the world. We have
the ability to set up a professional
project delivery team at short notice.
Moreover, we have built up a state-
of-the-art project management system
that allows for seamless integration of
headquarters systems and distributed
clients and enables visualized project
management.
ZTE is a well-established service
brand. With cutting-edge expertise and
professional and integrated service
capability, ZTE is helping its operators
build their network brands and quickly
add to their commercial value. We
completed Chinas 3G project in the
shortest time and ranked highest in
KPI tests. We worked with CSL to
build the worlds fastest 3G network
in Hong Kong and achieved the best
scores in KPI tests. We cooperated
with Ncell in deploying 3G stations at
the worlds highest point in Nepal and
completed the project one month ahead
of schedule. We also accomplished
a number of over s eas net wor k
construction projects that have been
highly recognized by KPN, Telenor,
Teliasonera, Etisalat, Telefonica, and
Telstra.
ZTE is qualifed to build networks in
complicated environments around the
world. End-to-end delivery is the fourth
trump card we have in conjunction
with customization, cost leadership,
and Chinese capital. It will become one
of our core competitive advantages and
a major contributor to ZTEs scale and
proftability. It will help us achieve our
objective of world-class excellence by
2015.
R: Gr e e n ne t wor ki ng, c a r bon
reduction, and energy conservation
are developmental trends in the IT
industry. They are also important proof
that enterprises are fulfilling their
social responsibilities. What ideas and
plans does ZTE have in the area of
environmental responsibility?
Fan: ZTE has always taken sustainable
development and corporate social
responsibility seriously. We spare no
effort in promoting green management,
green cul t ure, green product i on,
and green value chain. Innovation,
convergence, and green are key in
ZTEs three major developmental
strategies. As for green strategies,
we have put in place an effective
mechanism for uniform management
and i mpl ement at i on. Al l product
lines and business units have a team
dedicated to energy conservation and
emissions reduction. We have set
environmental KPI targets for all major
products and key business activities,
and t hey are i ncl uded i n annual
performance evaluations.
Our green strategy has been fully
implemented in all major production
and operational activities. Energy
conservation is a key component of our
green strategy, and emissions reduction
is now a driving force for our product
and technology innovation. We have
incorporated these into the whole
process of planning, design, R&D,
manufacturing, and logistical support
of our products.
For example, we currently provide
a variety of competitive power supply
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
solutions including independent solar
power, hybrid solar-diesel power,
hybrid solar-wind power, and hybrid
sol ar- wi nd- di esel power. These
solutions are applied with careful
regard to local climate and weather
conditions. We have delivered solar-
powered solutions to more than 40
operators in over 20 countries. In
2010, we successfully deployed eight
3G base stations on Mt. Everest using
our custom-made, integrated green
power solutions in the harsh natural
environment. All energy supplied to
these base stations comes from solar
power, which ensures reliable operation
365 days a year without the need for
electricity.
We have al so adopt ed energy
effciency measures for administration
ma n a g e me n t . E- o f f i c e h e l p s
improve work efficiency, and video
conferencing reduces the need for
business trips. In production and
logistics, we have set up a special
team for green materials management.
This team is responsible for studying
and implementing the Restriction of
Hazardous Substance (RoHS) directive
and REACH regulations. We achieved
QC080000 HS management system
certification in 2010 and successfully
established a complete HS control
pr ocedur e i nvol vi ng spar e par t s
purchasing, product manufacturing,
storage, and distribution. This satisfes
the requirements of green product
shipment and delivery.
Also, we have been actively engaged
wi t h i nt ernat i onal envi ronment al
organizations and have won many
awards for green innovation. Our
broadband universal access system
ZXDSL FSAP 9806H was awarded the
prestigious Best Green Innovation
award at Convergence World 2008 at
SOFTNET England. The ZXDSL FSAP
9806H has low power consumption,
low noise, high reliability, and high
integrational capacity. In February
2009, ZTE became a member of the
United Nations Global Compact.
R: What do you think about building
customer relationships in the current
telecom environment? What kind of
relationship is ZTE looking to build
with global operators?
Fan: Traditional business models of
telecom operators are being challenged
in the current environment. Telecom,
IT, media, and entertainment industries
are all interacting with each other and
full-service operation has become a
new trend for growth in global markets.
In t hese ci rcumst ances, bui l di ng
customer relationships also confronts
new challenges. We have to provide
state-of-art products and solutions and
satisfactory project delivery, but we are
also expected to think differently about
building customer relationships.
First and foremost, we need to
listen to customer needs. Operators
are looking for new technologies, new
markets, and new sources of profit.
Network equipment suppliers should
analyze these needs seriously, offer
solutions to issues of concern, and
introduce new avenues for creating
proft. Building customer relationships
involves building trust and gaining
recognition from our customers. We
need to fulfil every promise we make
and del i ver more t han expect ed.
Customer relationship building does
not succeed if customers lose faith
in us. I hope we can grow with our
customers through cooperation. By
continually lowering TCO, we help
operators increase network ARPU. By
providing quality network coverage,
we help operators enhance customer
satisfaction and expand their subscriber
base. Hong Kongs CSL, South Africas
Cell C, and TELIASONERAs UCell
have successfully partnered with ZTE
for win-win cooperation. We hope to
establish strategic partnerships and
mutually beneficial relationships with
our customers so that we can develop
together.
R: What is ZTEs development strategy
for the future global marketplace?
Fan: We are trying to offer quality
telecom products and services to
operators, governments, and enterprises
around the world. We put much value
on the real needs of our customers in
providing integrated solutions, effective
project delivery, and satisfactory
customer service. Thanks to these
capabilities, we continually improve
customer satisfaction, and can establish
strategic partnerships with operators
worldwide, especially mainstream
operators. Globally, we will continue
to enhance our in-depth operation in
emerging markets and spare no effort
in extending into high-end European
and American markets. We will also
focus our attention on government
and enterprise networks. In 2010, our
terminal products experienced rapid
growth with a signifcant 40% increase
in shipment and over 100% increase
for the European and American market.
We will develop more smartphones
a n d c o mp l e t e l y e n h a n c e o u r
competitiveness.
All in all, we are committed to
providing customers with satisfactory
information services by continuing to
improve our innovation, by following
up on market requirements, and by
prospecting future technological advances
and evolution. We are prepared to furnish
the world with ZTE products and services
and contribute to global information
development.
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
LTE Business Model
By Guo Jin
A
t the LTE World Summit in 2008, the
whole telecom industry weighed the
choice between LTE and WiMAX. At
that time, LTE was only vaguely understood,
and much was made of its fast 150Mbps
downlink rate.
At the LTE World Summit in 2009, the
industry came to understand the importance of
LTE and began discussing the challenges faced
by LTE. Such challenges included the 2.6GHz
band coverage and voice over LTE (VoLTE).
At the LTE World Summit in 2010, the focus
of attention shifted from networking to utilizing
LTE for in-service operation with the view of a
commercial rollout by TeliaSoneraa tier-one
operator in Scandanavia. TeliaSoneras report
on LTE commercial operation has aroused
discussion about LTE business models.
Drivers of LTE
Radio technologies are moving from voice
to data, from narrowband to broadband, from
single-mode to multimode, from multiple
technologies to key technologies dominated
by OFDM and MIMO. However, there is only
one goal underlying these trends: to provide
more wireless bandwidth. LTE is an important
stepping stone on this evolutionary path.
What has driven the rapid development of
LTE in recent years? One of the most important
factors has been growing market demands for
wireless data services. Users need fast and
convenient data services through their terminals,
and operators need all-IP networks for high-
speed data connectivity. Competition between
fxed-line and mobile operators has also driven
the evolution of radio technologies. Moreover,
Tech Porum
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll

3G services have grown rapidly,

wireless broadband data traffic
is surging, and user habits have
been fully developed. Sales of 3G
terminals and data cards have also
grown rapidly.

Wireless data revenues have risen

substantially and now account for
a larger portion of operators total
income. Statistics collected by
Qualcomm from Vodafone, Telstra,
Verizon, and AT&T show that
wireless data services increased
by an average of 30% from 2008
to 2009. These tier-one mobile
operators are all running LTE trials.
Verizon announced its commercial
LTE network in December 2010.

Wireless data volume exceeds

that of voice, and data revenue is
now greater than voice revenue.
CSL, Hong Kongs largest mobile
operator, has seen an explosive
growth in data traffic since the
launch of commercial HSPA+ in
March 2009. CSL continued its
LTE cooperation with ZTE, aiming
at future mobile applications that
can meet strong demands for high-
speed broadband services.

Trial and commercial LTE plans of

competitors should be considered.
Tier-one operators, multinationals,
and t he l argest oper at or i n a
country are always leaders in LTE
deployment. LTE trials are usually
run to build a high-end brand image.
The second largest operator in a
country also usually develops LTE
in order to catch up with or even
Figure 1. Growth of wireless data revenues for tier-one mobile operators 2008-2009.
Tech Porum
the growth of wireless data traffic has
brought in more revenue for operators
which have, in turn, pushed forward
radio technologies. Another driving
force has been operators seeking higher
benefts and lower costs.
When to Deploy LTE
The t i mi ng of LTE ne t wor k
deployment is affected by the progress
of LTE standardization and maturity of
commercial LTE terminals and systems
and al so by t he economi c l evel ,
demands for wireless data services,
user habits, and spectrum licenses
issued by governments. This means the
timing of LTE deployment may vary
from country to country.
Only deploying at the right time
brings the best return on investment.
This is fundamental to a proftable LTE
business model. As evidenced by the
premature deployment of 3G, there
are risks related to unfinalized 3GPP
specifications, poor interoperability
(even between terminals and systems
of the same manufacturer), mobility of
2G and 3G, poor coverage, and lack
of terminals and services. These issues
can well be regarded as a checklist for
successful LTE deployment. So too,
late deployment might mean that good
market opportunities slip by.
How should an operator decide the
proper time to deploy LTE? This is a
hard question. The following points
should be considered:
Only deploying at the right time
brings the best return on investment.
This is fundamental to a profitable LTE
business model.
664M
888M
$1.5B
$2.0B
$3.2B
$4.1B
$2.7B
$3.6B
J un Q' 08 J un Q' 09 J un Q' 08 J un Q' 09 Sep Q' 08 Sep Q' 09 Sep Q' 08 Sep Q' 09
Data Revenues (British ) Data Revenues (Australian $) Data Revenues (US $) Data Revenues (US $)
34% Growth 31% Growth 29% Growth 33% Growth
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
surpass the leader.
Business Models
An LTE network provides a data
rate of up to 100Mbps in the downlink
and 50Mbps in the uplink. These
high data rates greatly enhance user
experience. Studies on LTE business
models are ongoing, and recent studies
have focused on mobile Internet. In
the foreseeable future, LTE business
models may be found in high-speed
and high-bandwidth Internet services,
mobile Internet platforms, on-line
wireless communities, and Machine-to-
Machine (M2M) communications.

High-speed and high-bandwidth

Internet services
LTE gi ves users a hi gh-speed
service experience. TeliaSonera carried
out a user survey 100 days after it
launched LTE. According to the survey,
those who subscribed to LTE early
had begun to like the technology.
Over 90% of those surveyed were
originally 3G users and 43% owned
iPhones. 65% used LTE to supplement
fixed bandwidth and 54% would not
consider turning back to 3G. The new
technology is shaping mobile Internet
usage habits: 26% of those surveyed
said they would use their mobile more
for work, 23% downloaded larger fles
than before, 19% would watch on-line
TV or streaming movies, and 16% were
using Internet more often as a result of
subscribing to LTE.
Al l t hi s shows t hat user s ar e
demanding better mobile broadband
experi ence whenever condi t i ons
allow. Once they have the improved
experience, it is hard to turn back
to the lower-rate service. As the old
Chinese saying goes, It is hard to
become frugal after being accustomed
to luxury. The emergence of cloud
computing is further boosting the
prosperous development of Internet
data services.

Mobile Internet platforms

From voice only mobile phones to
multimedia phones and iPhone and
Android terminals, mobiles have tended
to develop into Internet platforms.
This is also the developmental trend
of computers. Terminals are evolving
into Internet service platforms where
all processing is completed via service
plug-ins to the cloud and using a
background high-speed mobile data
network.

Online wireless communities and

M2M communications
The ultimate goal of communications
is to connect anything or anyone to
anything or anyone from anywhere at
any time. New technologies such as
network convergence, all-IP, and RFID
have made this goal possible. LTE and
LTE-Advanced are important stepping
stones in the path toward this ultimate
goal.
Mobile Internet platforms have been
introduced to provide users with fast
and easy access to a variety of local
and Internet applications. People will
change from using fixed terminals
to using mobile terminals and from
point-to-point connections to online
communities and games circles.
Wi t h t he t r end t owar ds hi gh-
bandwidth all-IP networks, M2M
technologywhich allows the flow
of data to be transferred in real time
between machines or between people
and machines using wireless networks
and background server networks
has been commerci al l y depl oyed
in Europe, Korea, and Japan. M2M
applications can be found in safety
monitoring, mechanical and repair
service, public transportation, fleet
management, industrial automation,
and citywide information networks.
Operators currently providing M2M
services include BT, Vodafone UK,
T-Mobile, NTT-Docomo, and SK. The
development of M2M services has just
started in China.
Conclusion
Evolution in the telecommunications
industry is unceasing. There will
be chal l enges accompani ed by
oppor t uni t i es . I n t he LTE age,
operators and equipment suppliers
must understand the latest changes and
quickly adapt by preparing for new
business models and new sources of
proft.
Figure 2. Computers and mobile phones evolving toward Internet platforms.
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Figure 1. Abundant TDD spectrum resources worldwide.
By Liu Min
Tech Porum
Business Opportunities in
Abundant Spectrum Resources
G
rowth in mobile data traffc has
brought new profit to mobile
operators across the world.
Statistics show that data revenue of
Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, Vodafone
and other mainstream operators has
increased by an average of 30%.
Therefore, much attention is now being
focused on data and broadband services.
Obtaining more spectrum resources
and increasing spectrum efficiency has
become of great importance.
Spect r um r esour ces f or Ti me
Division Duplex (TDD) are abundant.
2.3GHz and 2.6GHz are the most
common TD spectrum bands for TD-
LTE, but most of these bands are not
being used. TDD spectrum resources
are available in many countries and
available for many operators. Of the
300 operators who have TDD spectrum
resources, 66% own 2. 3GHz and
2.6GHz bands.
Promising Market Opportunities
TD- LTE i s at t r act i ng l eadi ng
operators around the world. Many of
the top 500 telecom operators own
a chunk of TDD spectrum and are
vigorously pushing forward TD-LTE
development.
China Mobile owns 2.3GHz and
2.6GHz TDD bands and is leading
in the promotion of TD-LTE. After
completing the fourth phase of its TD-
SCDMA network construction, China
Mobile will boast the worlds largest
3G network with 220,000 TD base
stations by Q1 2011. The operator will
call for bids on the evolution of its TD-
SCDMA networks in the first half of
2011. Its commercial TD-LTE network
is expected to be deployed in one to
two years.
Mainstream European operators
Vodafone, Deutsche Telekom, KPN,
and O2 have al l acqui r ed TDD
spectrum and are actively researching
TD-LTE technologies and application
models. Deutsche Telekom completed
its trial TD-LTE network in the second
half of 2010 and has started testing the
network.
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ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
In June 2010, Qual comm won
Indias 2.3GHz Broadband Wireless
Access (BWA) spectrum auction for
TDD development in four regions of
the country. Qualcomm has promised
to set up a joint venture to build an
LTE network. This demonstrates that
Qualcomm has TD-LTE in its strategic
plan.
Mobi l e oper at or s i n t he U. S.
including AT&T, Verizon, and America
Mobil have promised to support TD-
LTE. Leading operators in Japan and
Korea have also played an active role
in promoting TD-LTE. Other operators
with WiMAX, PHS (1900-1920MHz),
and TD-SCDMA will also choose TD-
LTE as their migration path.
TDD spectrum is easy to acquire,
and there is less competitive pressure
in acquiring it. The price of TDD
spectrum in each country is much lower
than that of FDD spectrum. Because
FDD spectrum is very limited and
expensive, more and more operators are
considering TDD for feature-rich data
services and hotspot area coverage.
Using time division technique, TD-
LTE allows fexible timeslot allocation
in the downlink and uplink. This
meets both voice and asymmetric data
needs and greatly increases spectrum
effciency. TD-LTE can share the same
core network with an FDD system and
can support fexible networking. It can
serve as an independent network for
hotspots and blind area coverage or as
a supplement to the FDD system for
data services. LD-LTE has promising
and widespread applications.
Fast-Growing TD-LTE Industry
Driven by operators, standardization
organizations, equipment vendors, and
chipset makers around the world, the
TD-LTE industry is growing rapidly.
Members of the Next Generation
Mobile Networks (NGMN) Alliance
include China Mobile, NTT DoCoMo,
Vodafone Orange, T-Mobile, AT&T,
as well as 29 mobile network and
terminal suppliers including Ericsson,
Nokia, Samsung, and ZTE. Together
these companies are actively promoting
standardization of TD-LTE. So far,
3GPP R9 specifications have been
completed, and the standardization
progress of TD-LTE has kept pace with
that of LTE FDD. Testing of TD-LTE
technology and networking organized
by the LTE/SAE Trial Initiatives (LSTI)
was first conducted by China Mobile
and has produced favorable results.
The TD-LTE industry chain has
been established and is growing fast. It
comprises chipset providers, terminal
providers, infrastructure equipment
manufacturers, and testing instrument
providers.
Al l chi pset pr ovi der s pl an t o
launch 3G/LTE multimode chipsets in
early 2011. The development of LTE
chipsets drives the development of
terminal products. Nokia, Samsung,
LG, Motorola, ZTE, and Shanghai Bell
will unveil a number of LTE terminals
in 2011. LTE TDD/FDD dual-mode
terminals will be the mainstream
offerings, and this will further promote
the fexible deployment of TD-LTE.
Equipment manufacturers Ericsson,
Nokia-Siemens, Alcatel-Lucent, ZTE,
and Huawei have all developed TD-LTE
series equipment that can be applied in
different scenarios. These products have
been tested in the TD-LTE trial networks
of China Mobile and overseas operators.
Presently, they support 2.3GHz and
2.6GHz bands and will support 1.9GHz
and 2.1GHz bands in the future.
Test i nst r ument manuf act ur er
Anritsu has announced its MT8820C
will support TD-LTE radio testing.
Rohde & Schwarz and Anite also
provide many types of testing and
measuring equipment.
As the industry chain matures,
commercial TD-LTE is just around the
corner.
ZTE Leads the TD-LTE Industry
Smooth evolution
ZTE provides a Uni-RAN solution
based on an innovative SDR hardware
Figure 2. The TD-LTE industry chain.
Chipset
Providers
Terminal
Providers
Equipment
Providers
Test Instrument
Providers
l2
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Tech Porum
platform. The Remote Radio Unit
( RRU) s uppor t s 700MHz , DD
spectrum, 900MHz, 1800MHz, AWS,
2.1GHz, and 2.6GHz bands. The Base
Band Unit (BBU) supports GSM,
UMTS, and LTE radio modes, which
allows for fast network deployment.
The Uni - RAN s ol ut i on enabl es
smoot h net work evol ut i on whi l e
protecting investment to the greatest
possible extent. This helps operators
signifcantly reduce their TCO.
Large-capacity base stations
ZTEs single BBU supports up
to 18 TD-LTE cells, each having a
bandwidth of 20MHz. The maximum
throughput per cell is 100Mbps in the
downlink and 50Mbps in the uplink,
and the RRU provides power output of
up to 220W. The RRU also supports
multiple modes for different coverage
scenarios. Both IP over E1 and IP
over PE/GE are supported. Flexible
net worki ng and good scal abi l i t y
helps operators cut their network
construction costs.
Compact and eco-friendly design
ZTEs di st r i but ed BBU+RRU
enables simple and flexible zero-
footprint deployment. The BBU is the
smallest in the industry and can be
mounted on the wall or embedded in a
19-inch rack to save space. The RRU
is small and lightweight. It is naturally
cooled, silent, and saves power.
End-to-end full-service solution
ZTE is dedicated to offering TD-
LTE pr oduct s t hat meet var i ous
deployment scenarios. Its end-to-
end, customized, full-service solution
encompasses services, core networks,
radio systems, and terminals.
Worldwide deployments
With fast growth of the industry
chain, TD-LTE trial networks have
been deployed in China, Japan, India,
Russia, Germany, Ireland, and the U.S.
As of October 2010, ZTE has signed
agreements with ten leading operators
to build TD LTE trial networks. ZTE
is leading the industry in TD-LTE
deployment worldwide.

China Mobile started TD-LTE

tests involving an indoor system,
terminal chipset, and large-scale
outdoor network at the end of
2008. It plans to initiate TD-LTE
trials in Shanghai, Guangzhou,
Shenzhen, Nanjing, Hangzhou, and
Xiamen in early 2011. A total of
3000 TD-LTE base stations will be
deployed, and ZTE will be one of
the main vendors for the network
deployment.

ZTE was chosen by Europes

largest mobile operator to supply
TDD equipment for TD-LTE field
testing in February 2010. Phase I of
testing was completed in July and
produced good results. Phase II and
III are expected to be completed in
the frst half of 2011.

India issued two BWA licenses in

August 2010, and ZTE entered
into an agreement with major local
operators to help them build several
TD-LTE trial networks across the
country.

In September 2010, ZTE cooperated

with Russias largest integrated
network operator to deploy a 2.3GHz
TD-LTE trial network in Sochi. ZTE
demonstrated a peak data rate of
130Mbps and won high praise from
Russian leader Vladimir Putin.
Conclusion
The abundant spectrum resources,
technical advantages, and flexible
networking features of TD-LTE may
translate into great market opportunities.
As the industry chain matures, TD-LTE
has promising commercial prospects.
ZTE was one of the earliest players in
the TD-LTE field and has an industry-
leading outlook. With its visionary
outlook and years of TDD experience,
ZTE is developing excellent TD-LTE
concepts and solutions. The company
is working together with operators
worldwide to create higher value and to
seize upon new market opportunities.
Figure 3. Multiband and multimode support of Uni-RAN.
GSM
UMTS
WiMAX
LTE
TD-SCDMA
CDMA
l3
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
By Mi Dezhong
I
n a new report entitled 4G LTE
Revenue Opportunities, Juniper
Research forecasts that by 2014,
revenue generated by LTE mobile
networks will exceed $100 billion
U.S. globally. These revenues will be
driven by laptops, smartphones, and
other devices with a large proportion
of r evenues der i vi ng f r om hi gh
traffic subscribers using web, email,
and video. For this reason, mobile
operators are now speeding up LTE
commerci al i zat i on. GSAs report
Evolution to LTE (August 2010) details
101 LTE network commitments in 41
countries.
After two years of standardization,
the first release of LTE-A Rel-10
will be frozen in March 2011. LTE-A
provides larger bandwidth, higher
spectrum efficiency, and higher peak
data rates than LTE. Performance
is optimized in urban hotspots, cell
edges, and heterogeneous network
envi ronment s, enabl i ng seaml ess
coverage from macro cells to indoors
areas. LTE-A is highly compatible with
LTE and introduces key techniques that
meet and exceed ITU requirements for
4G. It can therefore be regarded as a
real 4G standard.
Carrier Aggregation
I n wi r el es s communi cat i ons ,
spectrum is a highly valuable resource
and accounts for considerable OPEX.
Many operators own several continuous
or non-continuous spectrum resources,
and capitalizing on these resources has
been their focus of attention. To address
the frequency bottleneck, Carrier
Aggregation (CA) has been introduced
into LTE-A. CA supports aggregation
of both continuous and non-continuous
car r i er s, as shown i n Fi gur e 1.
Continuous carrier aggregation is
used for super-high bandwidth. Non-
continuous carrier aggregation has
a much wider range of applications
than continuous carrier aggregation.
Because spectrum is usually scattered
on various frequency bands, and many
discrete small-bandwidth spectrum
resources are released when 2G/3G
networks evolve to 4G, aggregating
these scattered spectrum resources is
important.
Coordinated Multi-Point Tx/Rx
With the emergence of new services
such as Local by Social (LBS) and
popularity of multimedia terminals,
Trailblazing Towards 4G
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of carrier aggregation.
CA for Continuous Carriers CA for Non-continuous Carriers
l4
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
with LTE, LTE-A supports up to four
transmit antennas in the uplink and
the number of transmit antennas is
expanded from four to eight in the
downlink (see Figure 3). This greatly
improves spectrum efficiency and
transmission quality.
Wireless Relay
Coverage i n remot e areas has
been a hard nut to crack in wireless
communications. An effective solution
is to introduce a relay node or relay
st at i on bet ween eNB and UE, as
shown in Figure 4. The relay node is
connected to eNB via a wireless link.
This reduces network deployment
cost considerably. Moreover, relay
can improve high data rate coverage
in urban hotspots, provide coverage in
blind areas, and support group mobility
and temporary network deployment.
LTE-A has complete 4G technical
f eat ur es , and i t s s t andar ds and
techniques have been thoroughly
researched. Since LTE-A requirements
were first put forward, ZTE has taken
an act i ve part i n draft i ng LTE-A
standards and submitting proposal that
have been adopted by 3GPP. Presently,
a number of LTE-A issues are being
worked through, and various standards
are being perfected.
ZTE successfully demonstrated an
LTE-A system at the P&T/Expo Comm
China in October 2010. Visitors to the
expo witnessed a download peak rate
of 1Gbps delivered by 4G technology.
ZTE is now working hard to develop
LTE-A technology and has made good
inroads to this end. The company plans
to roll out commercial LTE-A products
in 2012. This will allow people to enjoy
feature-rich services and high-speed
connectivity using mobile broadband.
wireless services can be accessed
anywhere and at anytime. However,
communication quality can be affected
by multicell interference and can be
dramatically reduced at cell edges.
Coor di nat ed Mul t i - Poi nt Tx/ Rx
(CoMP) significantly improves cell-
edge user throughput by employing
multicell coordination, as illustrated in
Figure 2. Users can access smooth and
fast Internet whether they are in cell
centre or at the cell edge.
Enhanced MIMO
Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO)
improves signal quality and spectral
efficiency using multiple antennas for
transmission and reception. Compared
Tech Porum
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of CoMP.
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of enhanced MIMO.
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of relay transmission.
UE
eNB
UE
RN
MIMO 8x8 in DL MIMO 4x4 in UL
Cell 1 Cell 3
Cell 2
l5
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Solutlon
By Chen Huadong
T
he report entitled Evolution to
LTE released in October 2010
by the Global mobile Suppliers
Association (GSA) confirms that 156
operators in 64 countries are currently
investing in LTE. This fgure comprises
113 firm commitments by operators
to deploy commercial LTE systems
in 46 countries, and a further 43 pre-
commitment trials or pilots in an
additional 18 countries.
The pace of LTE devel opment
has quickened, and people have high
expectations. However, it is a new
technology and the whole industry
needs time to optimize networks and
develop mature terminals. Compared
wi t h 2G/ 3G, LTE has di f f er ent
architecture, key technologies, network
design, and planning.
Continuous Networking vs.
Discontinuous Networking
The coverage of some wireless
data servicesincluding WiFimay
be discontinuous. However, 2G/3G
mobile networks are designed for
continuous coverage. LTE mobile
broadband technology is now widely
seen as the evolution path for 2G/3G
LTE Network Design
and Deployment Strategy
mobile networks such as GSM/GPRS/
EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA and CDMA/
HRPD. Although WCDMA and CDMA
networks are fundamentally continuous,
HSPA or HRPD can be designed for
either continuous or discontinuous
coverage.
Most LTE networks are designed
according to the continuous principle.
Continuous networking improves
user experience at cell edges, reduces
inter-RAT handover requirements,
and f aci l i t at es evol ut i on f r om
2G/3G to LTE. In LTE continuous
networking, consideration needs to
l6
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Solutlon
should take into account not only
frequency bands and Half Power Beam
Width (HPBW) but also the number
and polarization of antenna elements.
Two antennas per sector is the
basic configuration for initial LTE
networking. For scenarios in which
coverage or capacity is sensitive, four
antennas per sector can be adopted.
ZTEs LTE base stations support two
antennas or four antennas per sector.
Co-Site vs. New Site
Co-siting 2G, 3G, and LTE base
stations means that equipment racks,
transport, power supply, and air-
conditioning can be shared. ZTEs
Uni-RAN solution integrates 2G, 3G,
and LTE into a multimode unified
platform and supports co-site design,
i mpl ement at i on, oper at i on, and
maintenance.
Whi l e new s i t es ar e bui l t t o
meet different frequency bands and
networking requirements, co-siting is
used as much as possible. New sites
are complementary. Emerging LTE
operators who have no legacy mobile
networks may deploy new sites for
greenfeld networks.
Cell Capacity
LTE cell capacity involves peak
throughput and spectral effciency. Peak
throughput is only achieved under ideal
be given to continuous coverage of
RSRP, RSRQ, best service cells, and
traffc channels in both the uplink and
downlink (PUSCH and PDSCH). LTE
discontinuous coverage is usually
applied in special scenarios such
as discrete hotspots. Discontinuous
coverage takes advantage of high-
order modulation and coding under
good radio conditions to improve cell
throughput and user experience at cell
centers.
Frequency and Bandwidth
LTE has many spectrum options.
Frequency bands available for LTE
i ncl ude 2. 6GHz, 1. 8GHz, AWS
(1.7GHz in the uplink and 2.1GHz
i n t he downl i nk) , 700MHz, DD
(800MHz), and 2.1GHz. Such a wide
range of frequency bands makes it
possible to deploy LTE in different
countries. However, different frequency
bands bring about challenges for LTE
equipment production, networking, and
LTE-based international roaming.
LTE also supports flexible carrier
bandwidthsfrom 1. 4MHz up to
20MHz (1. 4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz,
10MHz, 15MHz, and 20MHz). In most
cases, LTE FDD supports a symmetric
bandwidth in the uplink and downlink.
For scenarios with bandwidth and
interference restrictions, asymmetric
bandwidths between the uplink and
downlink may be supported.
Intra-Frequency Networking vs.
Inter-Frequency Networking
The quality of an LTE network
is primarily affected by inter-cell
intra-frequency interference. Serious
interference of this type may be caused
by intra-frequency networking, and the
simplest way to alleviate it is to use
inter-frequency networking. However,
i nt er-frequency net worki ng may
decrease spectrum effciency. So Inter-
Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC)
is introduced.
ICIC can be implemented in several
ways. Dependi ng on t he per i od
of resource coordination, ICIC is
classified into static ICIC, semi-static
ICIC, and dynamic ICIC. It can also
be classified into fractional frequency
reuse, soft frequency reuse, and full
frequency reuse according to the type
of resource coordination. No matter
which ICIC solution is used, frequency
allocation for cell edge users needs to
be carefully considered. The cell edge
can have a frequency reuse factor of 3
while the cell center has a frequency
reuse factor of 1.
Antenna and MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
(MIMO) t echnol ogi es have been
introduced into LTE. Antenna selection
Figure 1. Networking based on different frequency reuses. Figure 2. Frequency reuse for the cell
center and cell edge.
f 1
f 1
f 1
f 1
f 2
f 3
f c
f c
f c
f 1
f 2
f 3
Frequency Reuse 1 Frequency Reuse 3 ICIC
1
2
5
3
4
7
6
l7
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll

Cover densely-populated urban

areas in capital and metropolitan
cities;

Cover densely-populated urban

areas in ordinary cities;

Cover suburban or rural areas in

capital and metropolitan cities;

Cover other areas.

ZTE has much exper i ence i n
deploying 2G, 3G, and 4G networks
worldwide. As of December 2010, ZTE
has concluded 12 LTE commercial
contracts and built 65 LTE trials all over
the world. With full confidence in the
ability to design, plan, and deploy LTE
networks, ZTE is ready to join hands
with global operators in building cutting-
edge LTE networks.
conditions, while spectral efficiency
is based on real network conditions.
Cell peak throughputs for different
bandwi dt hs compl y wi t h 3GPP
specifications. Cell spectral efficiency
varies in different radio environments
and traffc models and can be measured
through network tests or be estimated
using system simulation.
Radio Network Planning
Planning for LTE networks is similar
to that of 2G/3G networks, though
detailed contents and parameters are
different. Procedures for LTE network
di mens i oni ng and pl anni ng ar e
illustrated respectively in Figure 3 and
Figure 4.
LTE network dimensioning involves
input of frequency and bandwidth,
cover age and QoS r equi r ement ,
target services at cell edge, number
of subscribers, traffic profile per
subscriber, and indoor penetration.
Maximum Allowed Path Loss (MAPL),
cell range, number of sites and sectors,
and eNodeB confguration are included
as output.
C o m p a r e d w i t h n e t w o r k
dimensioning, digital map is additional
input necessary for detailed network
planning. Additional output for detailed
network planning includes uplink and
downlink coverage simulation result,
uplink and downlink achievable bit rate
Table 1. Cell peak throughputs for different bandwidths.
1.4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz 15MHz 20MHz
DL (SISO)
4.392
Mbps
11.064
Mbps
18.336
Mbps
36.696
Mbps
55.056
Mbps
75.376
Mbps
DL (MIMO 22)
8.784
Mbps
22.128
Mbps
36.672
Mbps
73.392
Mbps
110.112
Mbps
150.752
Mbps
DL (MIMO 44)
17.52
Mbps
44.304
Mbps
73.392
Mbps
150.752
Mbps
220.272
Mbps
299.552
Mbps
UL (SIMO MCS=23)
Category 4 (16QAM)
2.984
Mbps
7.48
Mbps
12.576
Mbps
25.456
Mbps
37.888
Mbps
51.024
Mbps
UL (SIMO)
Category 5 (64QAM)
4.392
Mbps
11.064
Mbps
18.336
Mbps
36.696
Mbps
55.056
Mbps
75.376
Mbps
map, antenna azimuth and tilt, cell ID
and neighbor cell parameters.
ZTE ha s de ve l ope d i t s own
t ool s s uch as ZXPOS CNP- FL,
ZXPOS CNT- FL, ZXPOS CNA-
FL, and ZXPOS NEXMAX-FL for
LTE network design, planning, and
optimization. Other LTE network
planning tools such as Atoll by Forsk
have also been released. Versions of
these tools are continually updated.
Network Deployment Strategy
LTE offers mobile data service with
QoS guarantee. It can cover densely-
populated urban areas, suburban areas,
or rural areas. A nationwide LTE
network can be deployed in four steps:
Figure 3. LTE network dimensioning
procedure.
Figure 4. LTE network planning procedure.
Coverage and Capacity Target
Radio Network Design
Site Selection and Survey
Network Planning and Simulation
Requirement
Satised
Radio Network Proposal
Propagation Model
Calibration
Information Collection
N Y
Information Collection
Network Deployment Requirement
Coverage Design Capacity Design
Number of Sites Required
l8
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Blue Ocean Opportunities
By Zheng Hong and Fu Yu
Success Storles
LTE Creating
pioneer in LTE:
External factors:

Hong Kong has a highly saturated voice

market with a mobile penetration rate of 173%
in 2009;

Hong Kong has a large youth market who

demand quality data services;

There is high data throughput for each base

station due to high population density;

A new business model has arisen with iPhone;

I
n the aftermath of the global financial
crisis, LTE development is thriving. This is
especially true in North America and Europe
where commercial LTE networks have already
been deployed. Hong Kong is a leader in the
Asian telecom industry, and LTE is the inevitable
choice for network evolution throughout the city.
CSL, the largest mobile operator in Hong Kong,
is pushing hard to be the frst to deploy LTE. So
why has CSL chosen ZTE as its LTE supplier?
The following factors are driving CSL to be a
l9
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
that there is a strong need for LTE
i n Hong Kong and for provi si on
of superior customer experience.
CSL needs high-bandwidth, low-
cost network technology to enhance
its market competitiveness. With
a bit-cost advantage over 2G and
3G technologies, LTE can greatly
reduce network deployment costs
and increase an operator s profit
margin. For CSL, LTE is the ultimate
technology for implementing a blue
ocean strategy.
Best Network Solution for the Most
Complicated Wireless Environment
One of the most prosperous cities
in the world, Hong Kong is famous for
its forest of skyscrapers and vibrant
downtown areas. The environment
in which wireless networks must
operate is extremely complicated,
and constructing wireless networks is
challenging.
CSLs four original networks with
dual modes and t hree frequency
bands had high maintenance costs
and were not competitive in data
services. Their complicated network
structures made upgrading difficult.
To simplify network structure, CSL
adopted ZTEs SDR-based Uni-RAN
solution, which allows for coexistence
of 2G, 3G, and LTE. With distributed
BBU+RRU, better use can be made
of equipment rooms and diffculty in
acquiring new sites is avoided. CSLs
network structure was simplified in
terms of wireless, core, transmission,
and management . Operat i on and
maintenance costs were reduced by an
astonishing 61.4%.

Fierce competition exists between

mobile operators in Hong Kong.
Internal factors:

CSL previously had a declining

market share and APRU;

User loyalty is low due to mobile

number portability service;

High bandwidth is required for new

technologies and services;

CSLs net wor k st r uct ur e has

previously been complicated and
ineffcient, and OPEX was high;

Network convergence and evolution

was diffcult.
Since the launch of the Next G
all-IP mobile broadband network
i n Mar ch 2009, dat a t r aff i c has
i ncreased by a fact or of 65, and
now comprises more than 80% of
CSLs total network traffc. It is clear
20
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
With this groundbreaking technology, CSL is making
the promise of LTE a reality for Hong Kong and creating a
network that will establish the city as a telecommunications
leader.
Success Storles
CSL adopts ZTEs unified SDR platform that can
migrate to 4G network flexibly. The construction cost will be
significantly reduced and the network building speed will be
much faster than other operators.
David Thodey, CEO of Telstra Corporation
Tarek Robbiati, group managing director of Telstra
International Group
Sai Kung Site Lan Kwai Fong Site Tsim Sha Tsui Site Mong Kok Site
Worlds First Commercial LTE/DC-
HSPA+ Network
On 18 October 2010, CSL went
on a medi a t our t o i nt roduce i t s
commercial LTE/HSPA+ network.
A l i ve LTE/ HSPA+ net work was
SDR is an innovative technology
at t he f or ef r ont of t he wi r el ess
broadband revolution. ZTEs state-
of-the-art SDR technology not only
reflects the companys keen pursuit
of advanced technology but also its
precise grasp on future technical
trends. The SDR-based Uni-RAN
solution for CSL has the following
attractions:

Unified and future-oriented SDR

pl at form t hat enabl es smoot h
network evolution while protecting
investment to the greatest possible
extent;

Rapid customization and service

development that satisfies the
r equi r ement s f or mul t i band,
multimode radio reconfguration;

Enhanced spectral efficiency, peak

data rate, throughput, cell edge
coverage, and QoS that ensures
excellent network quality;

The worl ds fi rst commerci al

1.8G/2.6G dual-band LTE network
that takes advantage of CSLs
spect r um posi t i on t o pr ovi de
customers with better coverage for
a more satisfying communications
experience.
showcased at four sites, and among
the audiences were Tsim Sha Tsui,
Lan Kwai Fong, Mong Kok, and Sai
Kung. Multimedia conferencing, HD
video downloads, high-speed tests,
and online games were demonstrated.
The actual download speed confirmed
by testspeed.net ranged from 50Mbps
to 70Mbps. The demo achieved good
results and gave media delegates a frst-
hand experience of impressive high-
speed LTE services.
2l
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Awards and Recognitions

June 2009: CSL and ZTE were awarded the prestigious

National Mobile Services award for Wireless Network
Infrastructure at the GTB Innovation Awards in London.
This award recognized the outstanding achievement of fully
replacing CSLs original 2G and 3G networks with a world-
class integrated all-IP SDR based HSPA+ network capable
of downlink speeds up to 21Mbps.

June 2010: CSL and ZTE won the LTE Infrastructure

Innovation award for the second consecutive year. This
was awarded by Global Telecoms Business magazine for
innovation in CSLs Next G network. With an impressive
peak rate of 21Mbps, the Next G network launched by
TelstraCSLs Australian parent companyhas been
recognized as the world fastest mobile broadband network
by Guinness World Records.

June 2010: Test results of independent benchmarking

firm, Celfinet, confirmed that CSL provided the best
overall performance in terms of average speeds, coverage,
broadband coverage, voice quality, and data throughput.

July 2010: Reputable Hong Kong journal e-zone tested

voice quality and data rates of four local UMTS operators:
SmarTone-Vodafone, CSL, H3G, and PCCW. The results
showed that CSLs network provided smooth, stable video
programs with quick response.
CSL is proud to be the pioneer of the
worlds first LTE/DC-HSPA+ network. We
will continue to go beyond expectations,
delivering the best coverage and user
experience in Hong Kong while meeting
the rapidly increasing demand for mobile
data driven by the proliferation of smart
phones and tablet devices.
As a strategic partner, ZTE has
proudly supported CSL in developing
and deploying LTE and HSPA+ wireless
technologies. Our extensive experience
and leading R&D capabilities allowed
us to provide CSL with a solution that
delivers exceptional network performance
to all its customers.
Joseph OKonek, CEO of CSL Limited
Hou Weigui, Chairman of ZTE Corporation
On 25 November 2010, CSL announced the launch of
the worlds frst LTE/DC-HSPA+ network, heralding a new
era in mobile communications. After a commercial LTE
trial network had been established by CSL, Telstra, and
ZTE in September 2009, LTE was then formally deployed
in Hong Kong with peak downlink speeds of 100Mbps and
low latency. At the launch ceremony, CSL demonstrated
how LTE/DC-HSPA+ will outperform existing mobile
technologies and how CSL would build on its partnership
with ZTE. The new LTE/DC-HSPA+ network will take
advantage of CSLs leading position on spectrum to
provide total coverage and world-class mobile broadband
performance throughout Hong Kong. It will provide
seamless connectivity that redefines the mobile broadband
experience with ultra-fast speed, high bandwidth capacity,
and personalization that has never been seen before in mobile
services.
As well as offering high-speed highly reliable mobile data
services, the LTE/DC-HSPA+ network will improve the lives
of Hong Kongers by taking entertainment and interaction to
new levelsanytime, anywherewith 3DTV, interactive
gaming, and e-learning. These applications will not just be
novelties to be experienced and forgotten, they will become
an integral part of a daily mobile lifestyle.
22
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Success Storles
at Mobile Asia Congress 2010
P
eople expect their mobile phones to be capable of
delivering ubiquitous high-bandwidth services.
To provide a better experience for their customers
and to gain a competitive advantage, mobile operators
are now testing and deploying LTE. LTE standardization
was completed by 3GPP in December 2008, and the first
commercial LTE network was launched in 2009. It is
expected that over 20 operators will offer live commercial
LTE services by 2011.
Presently, voice remains the dominant revenue-generating
service in mobile communications. Revenue from voice
calls amounted to $615 billion USD in 2009. Voice over
LTE (VoLTE) is the next step in developing a standard way
of delivering voice for LTE. Although high-speed data, not
voice, is the key driving force for LTE, VoLTE is crucial for
operators because it can generate a lot of revenue. As LTE
has all-IP network architecture and is designed to support
voice in the packet domain, circuit switched (CS) core
networks are no longer supported in the LTE specifcations.
Single Radio (SR) mode is used in LTE, and it is
impossible to deploy services on both LTE and UTRAN/
GERAN. There are requests for voice handoff and CS
access, especially when LTE is initially deployed as hotspot
islands. One approach is to instruct an LTE handset to
fall back to the CS network when a voice call is required.
Another approach is to adopt Single Radio Voice Call
Continuity (SRVCC), which uses an IMS system for call
anchoring and handover and is based on a third party call
control mechanism.
The main driving force that will bring IMS into
the wireless market is LTE. An IMS-based solution is
now universally accepted as the key for VoLTE service
deployment. SRVCC is the preferred choice for most
operators, and IMS acts as a unified control platform for
voice and multimedia services. IMS-based SRVCC provides
QoS control, fexible charging, and better user experience.
By Zhang Lin and Li Na
23
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
Figure 2. Architecture of VoLTE demo.
At the Mobile Asia Congress 2010
(MAC 2010) held in Hong Kong,
GSMA, CSL, and ZTE successfully
made an IMS-based VoLTE call on
CSLs LTE network and also on its
existing mobile networks. The call
was made using conventional 2G/3G
handsets and was crystal clear. This
was the first time a VoLTE call had
been made using interoperable LTE and
2G/3G networks.
The VoLTE call was made between
IMS clients located at the GSMA booth
and ZTE booth (see Figure 1). A call
was also made from an IMS client to
a recipient using a 2G/3G handset.
Supplementary services such as call
forwarding and call waiting were also
demonstrated.
By showcasi ng i t s IMS-based
solutions and leveraging its expertise in
LTE, ZTE demonstrated how voice will
be incorporated into next generation
networks. The VoLTE demonstration
at MAC 2010 builds on the deep
relationship between ZTE and CSL.
ZTE employed Uni-CORE (EPC and
IMS) solutions to build an intelligent,
converged, and high-performance
core network for CSL. These solutions
enabled full convergence of CSLs 2G,
3G and 4G networks. ZTEs MMTel
AS (or ZXUN SSS) based on the ETCA
hardware platform provides VoIP related
PSTN Simulation Service (PSS) and
PSTN/ISDN Emulation Service (PES)
together with ZXUN CSCF, as illustrated
in Figure 2. IMS-based broadband voice
demonstrated at MAC 2010 serves as a
We thought the demonstration of VoLTE was really brought to life and made fun
and interactive. We appreciate all the teams from CSL and ZTE for their superb support
in making not only the demonstration happen but the mobile world live video too."
Sandra Gilligan, project marketing director, mobile broadband, GSMA
good reference for mobile voice service
to evolve from legacy to LTE networks.
This demonstration will boost operators
confidence to deploy and operate LTE
networks.
Implementing VoLTE is one of
the biggest challenges for operators
as they deploy LTE networks. ZTE is
cooperating with CSL to research this
area and to gain valuable experience
in voice applications over the LTE
network. This lays the foundation for
CSL in terms of future IMS-based LTE
and also provides a signifcant reference
for other operators, said Xu Ziyang,
president of ZTEs Core Network
products.
Figure 1. VoLTE call showcased at MAC 2010.
LTE/EPC/IMS Network
ZTE Booth (Tablet, Handest) GSMA Booth (Tablet)
CSCF MMTel AS MGCF IM-MGW
IMS
Internet
MME HSS SAE-GW
eNodeB
PSTN/PLMN
UTRAN
Tablet + Dongle Tablet + Dongle 2G/3G Handset
EPC
Call between
VoLTE clients
Call between
a 3G handset and a
VoLTE client
24
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
An Overview of IMS Deployment
Scenario
T
h e r e a r e t h r e e t y p e s o f
operators that have steadily
b e e n d e p l o y i n g I MS
technology over the last few years.
The first category of operators is
those that have IP to the edge. These
include wireline operators, cable
operators, certain commercial LTE
net wor k oper at ors, and Wi MAX
operators. These service providers
have been able to use IMS core to
offer telephony services. The second
type includes mobile operators that
do not have IP to the edge yet and are
therefore not able to use IMS core for
telephony services. The third category
includes service providers who have
both wireline and wireless networks.
This category of service providers are
driven by FMC for lower TCO, and
are focusing mainly on their enterprise
customers, offering services such as
convergent centrex that often uses a
common IMS core.
Obviously most of the IMS action
surrounds the wireline market where
the packetization has been pushed
t o t he edge t hr ough br oadband
deployment. For convergent operators,
IMS solves time to market issue.
For mobile operators, the short term
dri ver i s t o l aunch t he enhanced
communications services like RCS.
But that is a major market driver.
It is not a sufficiently large enough
motivation to go for IMS deployment.
But since the industry chose IMS to
carry VoIP within mobile networks the
mid term driver for IMS is VoLTE.
IMS Deployments in Wireline
In the Class 5 space what we saw
was hybrid TDM switches being built
so that operators could begin to put IP
in the middle to do VoIP. Operators did
not necessarily do direct IP termination
but they put IP in the middle. Some
vendors had architectures that allowed
them to do that easily. And that is what
drove a lot of consumer VoIP or VoIP
termination in the network. That was
early on. Now if we move to todays
network we see the urge to utilize
the broadband infrastructure and that
mandates IMS type deployments. Most
markets have alternative broadband
service providers either wholesale or
ULL. So broadband is taking off.
There is a shift from softswitch/
NGN i mpl ement at i ons t o al l - I P
I MS i mpl ement at i ons. However
i n n u me r o u s c a s e s o p e r a t o r s
a r e b y p a s s i n g t h e s o f t s wi t c h
implementations moving straight
from PSTN to IMS. These include
carriers like Turk Telekom, Telkom
Malaysia and many others. Move to
softswitch was not really a move to
IP. A softswitch network is still TDM
oriented using IP mainly as transport
medium. IMS is pure IP. That seems
to be the top most trend in the market
these days.
Global IMS Market 2010
October 2010, selected from market research firm iLocus
Thlrd Lye
25
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
that remain TDM based are likely to
be migrated direct to IMS. By the year
2014, the ratio of IMS-to-softswitch
based subscriber lines deployed in the
wireline networks is forecast to be
around 2:1.
Dur i ng 1H10, est i mat ed 18. 8
million IMS subscriber lines were
shipped for deployment in wireline
networks worldwide. Out of the 18.8
million IMS subscriber lines shipped
in 1H10, an estimated 1.3 million were
for IP centrex lines. The remaining
17.5 million were residential lines.
Figure 1 gives vendor market share in
residential IMS subscriber lines for the
year 1H10. Ericsson leads the market
with 24% share worldwide followed
by ZTE with 22.3% and NSN with
18.9%.
IMS Deployments in Wireless
The main driver that will bring
IMS to wireless market is LTE when
users have IP to the edge. There is
On a cumulative basis (as of end
1H10), a total of 207.9 million IMS
subscriber lines have been shipped
for deployments across both wireline
and wireless networks. Of these an
estimated 134.8 million lines have
been deployed in wireline networks.
Estimated 30.9 million lines have
been installed in wireless networks
and around 42.2 million deployed in
convergent IMS deployments.
An est i mat ed 25% of t he t ot al
subscr i ber capaci t y i n wi r el i ne
networks has migrated to VoIP. Of
the 25%, around 14% is comprised of
softswitch based subscriber lines and
remaining 11% is comprised of IMS
based subscriber lines.
Ma j or i t y of t he 75% of t he
subscriber lines in wireline segment
Figure 1. Market share 1H10: Wireline residential IMS subscriber lines.
Others 10.9%
Huawei 5.1%
Ericsson 24.0%
ZTE 22.3%
NSN 18.9%
Thomson 1.1%
Italtel 4.6%
Alcatel-Lucent 13.1%
26
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
extent of related deployments.
Eri csson emerges wi t h t he t op
rank followed by ZTE at number two.
Ericsson is strong in all three important
areas of IMS right now: wireline,
wireless, convergent scenarios. ZTE
has leadership in wireless and terminals
side, with a strong performance in
wireline IMS during 2009 and 1H10.
ZTE is the only vendor there with a
commercial MAGCF product in the
market.
following factors as the main criteria
for ranking the fve vendors:

Leadership in Wireline IMS

Leadership in Wireless IMS

Leadership in Convergent IMS

Leadership in RCS

Leadership in IMS Terminals

We t hi nk t hes e ar e t he mos t
important and most relevant indicators
given the way IMS market has matured
so far. The most active area of IMS is
undoubtedly the wireline segment. As
such, in terms of relative weightage of
these five factors, we have to assign
the wireline deployments a higher
weightage. After wireline, the most
active deployment area in IMS is the
FMC type convergent deployments
such as convergent centrex. There is
not much IMS deployment in wireless-
only networks. We have given this
area the same relative weightage as
RCS and terminals. So our relative
weightages are proportional to the
not much opposition to the premise
that doing voice over LTE is by using
IMS. So just like on wireline side you
had to wait till broadband kicked in,
on wireless side you have to wait till
IP hits the edge. Mobile broadband
has seen a sharp increase over the
years. However we still do not have
IP to the edge. The shift to LTE will
in most cases be associated with IMS
deployments to support voice. In the
remaining cases that use some interim
option, they will over time also move
towards IMS. So it is a matter of when
an operator starts LTE deployment.
With the use of Mobile Access
Gateway Control Function (MAGCF),
however, the operator does not need
to have LTE in place in order to utilize
an IMS core. Broadly speaking there
are two scenarios: (1) where operator
has deployed LTE but voice still
traverses its softswitch network. In
this scenario, operators evolve the
present softswitch in order to handle
VoIP. Classic method includes that
of NSNs MSC VoIP server solution
whereby the VoIP application server
APIs are opened up to hook with the
MSC. The other major solution in this
scenario is CS fallback in which case
you need two radios in the handset.
(2) In the second scenario where
an operator does not have LTE in
place but is looking to use IMS core,
there are MAGCF solutions being
developed by vendors. ZTE has a
commercial version available in the
market. This solution is important
from operator perspective because
a lot of investment has gone into
softswitch in mobile space.
In MAGCF deployments, mobile
softswitch acts as softswitch and
MAGCF at the same time. Softswitch
handles all users except those users
who want IMS services which are
handled by MAGCF part which will
send all call control to IMS core.
MAGCF i s t he mobi l e versi on
of f i xed AGCF whi ch has been
around for a while now. It is about
providing access gateway function for
narrowband users to IMS core. Fixed
AGCF is mature now. Mobile AGCF is
not mature yet. Only ZTE has released
a commercial product. Most other
vendors will release MAGCF product
towards the end of this year. It is a
software upgrade to mobile softswitch
t o convert part of t he soft swi t ch
module into MAGCF component.
A Ranking of IMS Vendors
Al l l arge vendors are t hi nki ng
onl y i n one di rect i on and t hat i s
IMS, even though these vendors still
generate more revenues in softswitch
deployments than in IMS. There are
only a handful of vendors out there
who are up to the IMS challenge,
Table 1. IMS vendor ranking.
Thlrd Lye
however. It is the same large vendors.
This is not a market that mid tier
vendors can effectively address. The
players that will dominate the scene
will be the usual suspects: Ericsson,
ZTE, Al cat el - Lucent , NSN and
Huawei.
Between the five of them, some
have excel l ed i n wi r el i ne I MS
de pl oyme nt s whi l e t he ot he r s
have excelled in convergent IMS
deployments. We have identified the
WT. Ericsson ZTE Huawei Alcatel Lucent NSN
Leadership in Wireline IMS 0.4 0.3 0.25 0.15 0.2 0.1
Leadership in Wireless IMS 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1
Leadership in Convergent IMS 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.3 0.15 0.1
Leadership in RCS 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2
Leadership in IMS Terminals 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2
Total Score 0.26 0.25 0.22 0.16 0.12
27
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
News 8rlef
14 December 2010, Shenzhen ZTE, a leading global
provider of telecommunications equipment and network
solutions, and SoftBank, Japans top telecommunications
operator, today announced that their jointly developed Android
smartphone, Libero, will be available throughout Japan later in
December. The Libero will be the first Chinese smartphone to
launch in Japan.
Also known as the SoftBank 003Z or ZTE Blade, the
introduction of the Libero into the
high end mobile market in Japan is
a significant breakthrough which
demonstrates the companys
ability to provide quality and
customized smartphones to any
market in the world. The Libero is
ZTEs second handset developed
in collaboration with SoftBank
the first being the SoftBank
840Z, which was launched in late
October this year.
ZTE Named Broadband Network
Vendor of the Year in Telecom Asia
Readers Choice Awards 2010
17 December 2010, Shenzhen ZTE was recognized
in December for its continued innovation in technology
and rapid market share growth in the feld of broadband
products. This is the second time ZTE has been
recognized as Vendor of the Year after receiving the
IPTV Vendor of the Year award last year.
ZTEs broadband product s have achi eved
substantial growth in 2010. They have had a remarkable
performance not just in the China market, but also in
the Asian, European and American markets, Telecom
Asia noted. According to telecoms industry analyst
Ovums Market ShareFTTx, DSL, and CMTS ports
2010 Q2 report, in 2Q10, ZTEs GPON revenues (OLT
ports and ONT/ONU combined) grew the fastest year on
year among the top 10 GPON vendors in the industry.
The report also ranked ZTE second in FTTx (OLT port)
shipments on a rolling four quarter basis (3Q09 to 2Q10).
16 December 2010, Dsseldorf ZTE has opened a new
office to expand its presence in Germany. The new office
in Darmstadt was specifically chosen by ZTE to support its
ongoing partner Deutsche Telekom with building modern
network infrastructure in Germany.
ZTE Corporation has been doing business in Europe for
ten years and established more than 30 subsidiaries across
European markets, including France, Britain, Italy, Spain and
Scandinavia. Its German affiliate, ZTE Deutschland GmbH,
was founded in 2005 and is headquartered in Dsseldorf. Since
2005, ZTE has opened additional offices, including those
in Bonn, Munich, Frankfurt and Berlin. With its new office
in Darmstadt, ZTE now holds nine offices across Germany
making ZTE Deutschland GmbH the largest branch of ZTE
Corporation in Europe.
ZTE Opens New Offce in Darmstadt
ZTE to Provide Leading Wireless
Technology to Bahrains
Batelco Group
10 December 2010, Hong Kong ZTE today
announced that it has signed a group framework
agreement wi t h Bat el co Group, under whi ch
ZTE will provide cutting-edge wireless solutions,
including 2G and 3G equipment, to the Bahrain-based
telecommunication company.
The wireless solutions will be deployed with the aim
of reducing Batelcos capital and operating expenditure
considerably due to their cost-effective pricing and
effcient implementation process, which will ultimately
beneft Batelcos customers.
ZTE and SoftBank to Launch Co-
Developed Android Smartphone Libero
ZTL the rst Chlnese vendor to enter 1apanese
smartphone market
28
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
News 8rlef
11 January 2011, Shenzhen
ZTE today announced that it is
now one of the leading vendors in
the world of Essential Patent (EP)
for LTE standards, securing 235 of
these patents.
ZTE also has a 7% share of the
total LTE essential patents declared
on the Intellectual Property Rights
(IPR) online database of the ETSI
as of 30th November 2010. ZTEs
patents are an indication of its
powerful capabilities in terms of
LTE research and development.
This share of LTE essential
pat ent s i s a r esul t of ZTEs
continuous R&D investment in
the LTE-related key technologies
since 2004. Looking ahead, ZTE
aims to increase its current share of
LTE essential patents from 7% to
10% by 2012. The company will
also commit more R&D resources
to accumulate essential patents
and adopt a pro-active approach in
improving 4G and incubating 4G+
standards.
ZTE Holds 235 LTE
Essential Patents
ZTE First Branded Android Smartphone Lutea
Available in Germany
7 January 2011, Dsseldorf ZTE
announced the launch of its Android
based handset Lutea, which is available
through German network operator
E-Plus. The co-branded Lutea handset is
an Android smartphone that challenges
high-end devices with industry leading
features at an affordable price point.
The device is another example of ZTEs
strong position as a leading global
handset manufacturer across Europe.
ZTEs Lutea is based on Android
2.1 and provides a capacitive 3.5' multi
touchscreen with 480800 megapixels.
It features an MP3 player and FM-
radio, as well as a 5-megapixel camera,
3GSM, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The phone
also supports a data capacity of up to
32GB, and comes with a 2GB micro
SD card inbox and in-built memory of
300MB.
Z T E s b e s t s e l l i n g mo b i l e
smartphoneknown as ZTE Blade
in other countrieshas been made
available in more than 20 high-end
markets including the UK, France,
Finland, Norway, Turkey, Hungary
and Japan. Monthly sales unit volume
continues to grow and is up by tens of
thousands.
ZTE Wins SFR Suppliers 2010 Award
15 December 2010, Shenzhen
ZTE today announced that it has won
the Challenge SFR Suppliers 2010 prize
in the Mobile Handset and Sim card
Supplier category, during an award
ceremony that took place on 16th of
November.
SFR selected the best among 16
mobile handset and sim card suppliers
according to three major criteria:
sustainability, innovation and customer
satisfaction.
ZTE proved its commitment to
sust ai nabi l i t y t hrough produci ng
environmentally friendly handsets.
The company is increasingly reducing
the weight or volume of its mobile
handsets, mobile phone chargers and
accompanying packaging. They have
also replaced air transport with maritime
freight where possible. As a result, ZTE
has reduced its carbon footprint by more
than 60% in three years.
ZTL wlns ln the Moblle Handset and Slm Card Suppller category
The award ceremony for the Challenge SFR Suppliers 2010
Company alms to achleve at
least l0% of LTL LP share by
20l2
Source: ETSI IPR Online Database
Major Owners of LTE Essential Patents
Others 11%
Qualcomm 13%
InterDigital
Patent
Holdings 13%
InterDigital
Technology 11%
Nokia 9%
Samsung 9%
Huawei 8%
Ericsson
8%
ZTE 7%
LGE 6%
NTT DoCoMo 5%
29
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll
ZTE Launches 1000th Base Station for Ncell
3 January 2011, Shenzhen ZTE
today celebrated the deployment of the
1000th base station for Nepals mobile
operator Ncell. The stations are based
on ZTEs innovative green energy BTS
solution and form part of the technology
used to implement a green telecom know-
how in Nepal.
The management of Ncell spoke
highly of the cooperation between Ncell
and ZTE, congratulating the successful
launch of the networks 1000th station
as well as the green network, while also
expressing their appreciation for the
tremendous efforts and close cooperation
of both project teams to ensure the quick
delivery and success of the project.
5 January 2011, Shenzhen
ZTE today announced total annual
sales volume of terminal products
jumped nearly 50% to a record
number of 90 million units in 2010.
ZTEs terminal product sales
experienced rapid growth in both
international and domestic markets.
By 2010, the growth in both local
and high-end overseas markets such
as Japan, France, the UK and the
U.S. has become the main sources
of demand for ZTE handsets. The
fastest-growing market was in
Europe where year-on-year sales
volume growth reached 150%. The
U.S. market achieved year-on-year
growth of 100%.
Separately, ZTE was ranked No.1
among Chinese vendors in terms of
3G handset sales volume, according
to a research report by market
research frm iSuppli. The report also
noted that ZTE is leading Chinas
incremental market for 3G systems
with an 11% share and is ranked
No. 1 in the TD market with a 21%
market share.
ZTEs Global Terminal
Sales Volume Jumps
50% to 90 Million
Units in 2010
ZTE Flexes LTE Innovation with Introduction of
Four New Devices at CES 2011
7 January 2011, Shenzhen ZTE
today demonstrated the companys
industry-leading LTE solutions, unveiling
its next generation ready-for-market data
cards, modems, mobile hotspots and
tablets at the International Consumer
Electronics Show 2011 (CES) in Las
Vegas. The devices showcased will
be available in several global markets
beginning in Q2 2011.
While most companies will be
coming to CES with their frst-generation
LTE products, ZTE is delivering proven
devices and form factors ready to
flawlessly support consumers today,
said Mr. Cheng Lixin, president of ZTE
USA. ZTE has pioneered LTE devices
in many global markets, most recently
having launched LTE devices with
Hong Kong's first and largest mobile
communications operator, CSL Limited.
ZTE is ahead of other vendors as our
dedication and sizeable investment in
LTE technologies has paid off in the
devices shown here today.
ZTL ranked rst ln global
3G handset sales among
Chlnese vendors
30
ZTE TECHNOLOGIES Pebruary 20ll